nv2
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 2011
Securities Act Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment   o
Post-Effective Amendment No.   o
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
312 Farmington Avenue
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(860) 676-8654
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation
312 Farmington Avenue
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
 
Copies to:
Stephen C. Mahon, Esq.
Toby D. Merchant, Esq.
Squire, Sanders & Dempsey (US) LLP
221 East Fourth Street, Suite 2900
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
(513) 361-1200
(513) 361-1201 – Facsimile
 
APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED PUBLIC OFFERING:
From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box.  þ
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check the appropriate box)
o When declared effective pursuant to section 8(c)
 
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
                         
            Proposed Maximum
    Proposed Maximum
     
      Amount Being
    Offering Price Per
    Aggregate Offering
    Amount of
Title of Securities Being Registered     Registered     Unit     Price(1)     Registration Fee(7)
Primary Offering:
                       
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share(2)
                       
Preferred Stock(2)
                       
Subscription Rights(3)
                       
Debt Securities(4)
                       
Warrants(5)
                       
Units(6)
                       
Primary Offering Total
                $250,000,000     $28,650
Secondary Offering:
                       
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share(2)
    1,322,669     $16.00(8)     $21,162,704     $2,426
Secondary Offering Total
                      $2,426
Total
                      $31,076
                         
(1) Estimated pursuant to Rule 457 solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee. Pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act of 1933, which permits the registration fee to be calculated on the basis of the maximum offering price of all the securities listed, the table does not specify by each class information as to the amount to be registered, proposed maximum offering price per unit or proposed maximum aggregate offering price.
(2) Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate amount of common stock or preferred stock as may be sold, from time to time. This includes such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may, from time to time, be issued upon conversion or exchange of other securities registered hereunder, to the extent any such securities are, by their terms, convertible or exchangeable for common stock.
(3) Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of subscription rights as may be sold from time to time, representing rights to purchase common stock.
(4) Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate principal amount of debt securities as may be sold, from time to time. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate price to investors not to exceed $250,000,000.
(5) Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of warrants as may be sold, from time to time, representing rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities.
(6) Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate principal amount of units. Each unit may consist of a combination of any one or more of the securities being registered hereunder and may also include securities issued by the U.S. Treasury.
(7) In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to this registration statement exceed $271,162,704.
(8) Pursuant to Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price and the amount of the registration fee have been determined on the basis of the high and low market prices of the Company’s common stock reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on December 12, 2011.
 
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
 


 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS Subject to Completion, dated          , 2011
 $250,000,000
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation
 
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Subscription Rights
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
and
1,322,669 Shares of Common Stock Offered by the Selling Stockholders
 
We are a non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). We are externally managed by Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC, a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”). Our investment objective is to maximize our investment portfolio’s return by generating current income from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such loans. We make secured loans to development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech industries.
 
We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings or series, together or separately, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, subscription rights, debt securities, warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or units, which we refer to, collectively, as the “securities.” In addition, certain of our stockholders may offer for resale, from time to time, up to an aggregate of 1,322,669 shares of common stock under this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by any selling stockholders.
 
We and/or the selling stockholders may sell our securities through underwriters or dealers, “at-the-market” to or through a market maker into an existing trading market or otherwise directly to one or more purchasers or through agents or through a combination of methods of sale. The identities of such underwriters, dealers, market makers or agents, as the case may be, will be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The securities may be offered at prices and on terms to be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. In the event we offer common stock or warrants or rights to acquire such common stock hereunder, the offering price per share of our common stock less any underwriting commissions or discounts will not be less than the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time we make the offering except (1) in connection with the exercise of certain warrants, options or rights whose issuance has been approved by our stockholders at an exercise or conversion price not less than the market value of our common stock at the date of issuance (or, if no such market value exists, the net asset value per share of our common stock as of such date); (2) to the extent such an offer or sale is approved by a majority of our stockholders and by our board of directors (our “Board”); or (3) under such other circumstances as may be permitted under the 1940 Act or by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
The shares of our common stock which are offered for resale by this prospectus are offered for the accounts of one or more of the selling stockholders named herein, who acquired such shares as described under “Selling Stockholders.” We have agreed to bear specific expenses in connection with the registration and sale of the common stock being offered by the selling stockholders.
 
Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “HRZN.” On December 13, 2011, the last reported sale price of a share of our common stock on NASDAQ was $15.89. The net asset value per share of our common stock at September 30, 2011 (the last date prior to the date of this prospectus on which we determined net asset value) was $17.36.
 
Shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value. If our shares trade at a discount to net asset value, it may increase the risk of loss for purchasers in this public offering. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Offerings Under This Prospectus — Shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value, and we cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not decline following an offering” on page 31 for more information.
 
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement contain important information you should know before investing in our securities and should be retained for future reference. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the SEC. We maintain a website at www.horizontechnologyfinancecorp.com and intend to make all of the foregoing information available, free of charge, on or through our website. You may also obtain such information by contacting us at 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, or by calling us at (860) 676-8654. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov where such information is available without charge. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus.
 
Investing in our securities is speculative and involves numerous risks, and you could lose your entire investment if any of the risks occur. For more information regarding these risks, please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 14.
 
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
 
 
The date of this prospectus is          , 2011


 

 
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. We have not, and the selling stockholders have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the selling stockholders are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any security other than the registered securities to which they relate. You should assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since that date. We will update this prospectus to reflect material changes to the information contained herein.
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
         
    Page
 
About this Prospectus
    1  
Prospectus Summary
    2  
Offerings
    7  
Fees and Expenses
    10  
Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data
    12  
Risk Factors
    14  
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
    35  
Use of Proceeds
    36  
Price Range of Common Stock and Distributions
    37  
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    39  
Senior Securities
    53  
Business
    54  
Portfolio Companies
    64  
Management
    70  
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
    78  
Our Advisor
    79  
Investment Management and Administration Agreements
    80  
Control Persons and Principal Stockholders
    87  
Determination of Net Asset Value
    89  
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
    91  
Description of Securities That We May Issue
    93  
Description of Common Stock That We May Issue
    94  
Description of Preferred Stock That We May Issue
    99  
Description of Subscription Rights That We May Issue
    100  
Description of Debt Securities That We May Issue
    101  
Description of Warrants That We May Issue
    102  
Description of Units That We May Issue
    104  
Shares Eligible for Future Sale
    105  
Selling Stockholders
    106  
Regulation
    108  
Brokerage Allocations and Other Practices
    113  
Plan of Distribution
    114  
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
    117  
Custodian, Transfer Agent, Dividend Paying Agent and Registrar
    125  
Legal Matters
    125  
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    125  
Where You Can Find More Information
    125  
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
    F-1  
 


 

 
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
 
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC using the “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, we may offer, from time to time, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, subscription rights, debt securities, warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or units, on terms to be determined at the time of the offering, and the selling stockholders may offer for resale up to 1,322,669 shares of our common stock. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we and/or one or more of the selling stockholders may offer. Each time we and/or one or more of the selling stockholders use this prospectus to offer securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Please carefully read this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Risk Factors” before you make an investment decision. During an offering, we will disclose material amendments to this prospectus through a post-effective amendment or prospectus supplement.


1


 

 
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
 
This summary highlights some of the information in this prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all of the information that you may want to consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully, including “Risk Factors,” “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation, was formed on March 16, 2010 for the purpose of acquiring, continuing and expanding the business of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as “Compass Horizon,” raising capital in its initial public offering, or IPO, and operating as an externally managed BDC under the 1940 Act. Except where the context suggests otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and “Company” refer to Compass Horizon and its consolidated subsidiary prior to our IPO and to Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries after the IPO. In addition, we refer to Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as “HTFM,” our “Advisor” or our “Administrator.”
 
Our Company
 
We are a specialty finance company that lends to and invests in development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services, and cleantech industries (collectively, our “Target Industries”). Our investment objective is to generate current income from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such loans. We make secured loans (“Venture Loans”) to companies backed by established venture capital and private equity firms in our Target Industries (“Venture Lending”). We also selectively lend to publicly traded companies in our Target Industries.
 
We are an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. As a BDC, we are required to comply with regulatory requirements, including limitations on our use of debt. We are permitted to, and expect to, finance our investments through borrowings. However, as a BDC, we are only generally allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such borrowing. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our assessment of market conditions and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing.
 
We have elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company (“RIC”), under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders if we meet certain source-of-income, distribution, asset diversification and other requirements.
 
We are externally managed and advised by our Advisor. Our Advisor manages our day-to-day operations and also provides all administrative services necessary for us to operate.
 
Our Advisor
 
Our investment activities are managed by our Advisor and we expect to continue to benefit from our Advisor’s ability to identify attractive investment opportunities, conduct diligence on and value prospective investments, negotiate investments and manage our diversified portfolio of investments. In addition to the experience gained from the years that they have worked together both at our Advisor and prior to the formation by our Advisor of the Company, the members of our investment team have broad lending backgrounds, with substantial experience at a variety of commercial finance companies, technology banks and private debt funds, and have developed a broad network of contacts within the venture capital and private equity community. This network of contacts provides a principal source of investment opportunities.
 
Our Advisor is led by five senior managers, including its two co-founders, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer, and Gerald A. Michaud, our President. The other senior managers include Christopher M. Mathieu, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, John C. Bombara, our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, and Daniel S. Devorsetz, our Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer.


2


 

Our Strategy
 
Our investment objective is to maximize our investment portfolio’s total return by generating current income from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such loans. To further implement our business strategy, our Advisor will continue to employ the following core strategies:
 
  •  Structured Investments in the Venture Capital and Private Equity Markets.  We make loans to development-stage companies within our Target Industries typically in the form of secured amortizing loans. The secured amortizing debt structure provides a lower risk strategy, as compared to equity investments, to participate in the emerging technology markets because the debt structures we typically utilize provide collateral against the downside risk of loss, provide return of capital in a much shorter timeframe through current pay interest and amortization of loan principal and have a senior position in the capital structure to equity in the case of insolvency, wind down or bankruptcy. Unlike venture capital and private equity investments, our investment returns and return of our capital do not require equity investment exits such as mergers and acquisitions or initial public offerings. Instead, we receive returns on our loans primarily through regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest and, if necessary, liquidation of the collateral supporting the loan. Only the potential gains from warrants are dependent upon exits.
 
  •  “Enterprise Value” Lending.  We and our Advisor take an enterprise value approach to the loan structuring and underwriting process. We secure a senior or subordinated lien position against the enterprise value of a portfolio company.
 
  •  Creative Products with Attractive Risk-Adjusted Pricing.  Each of our existing and prospective portfolio companies has its own unique funding needs for the capital provided from the proceeds of our Venture Loans. These funding needs include, but are not limited to, funds for additional development runways, funds to hire or retain sales staff or funds to invest in research and development in order to reach important technical milestones in advance of raising additional equity. Our loans include current pay interest, commitment fees, final payments, pre-payment fees and non-utilization fees. We believe we have developed pricing tools, structuring techniques and valuation metrics that satisfy our portfolio companies’ requirements while mitigating risk and maximizing returns on our investments.
 
  •  Opportunity for Enhanced Returns.  To enhance our loan portfolio returns, in addition to interest and fees, we obtain warrants to purchase the equity of our portfolio companies as additional consideration for making loans. The warrants we obtain generally include a “cashless exercise” provision to allow us to exercise these rights without requiring us to make any additional cash investment. Obtaining warrants in our portfolio companies has allowed us to participate in the equity appreciation of our portfolio companies, which we expect will enable us to generate higher returns for our investors.
 
  •  Direct Origination.  We originate transactions directly with technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech companies. These transactions are referred to our Advisor from a number of sources, including referrals from, or direct solicitation of, venture capital and private equity firms, portfolio company management teams, legal firms, accounting firms, investment banks and other lenders that represent companies within our Target Industries. Our Advisor has been the sole or lead originator in substantially all transactions in which the funds it manages have invested.
 
  •  Disciplined and Balanced Underwriting and Portfolio Management.  We use a disciplined underwriting process that includes obtaining information validation from multiple sources, extensive knowledge of our Target Industries, comparable industry valuation metrics and sophisticated financial analysis related to development-stage companies. Our Advisor’s due diligence on investment prospects includes obtaining and evaluating information on the prospective portfolio company’s technology, market opportunity, management team, fund raising history, investor support, valuation considerations, financial condition and projections. We seek to balance our investment portfolio to reduce the risk of down market cycles associated with any particular industry or sector, development-stage or geographic area. Our Advisor employs a “hands on” approach to portfolio management requiring private portfolio companies to provide monthly financial information and to participate in regular updates on performance and future plans.


3


 

 
  •  Use of Leverage.  We use leverage to increase returns on equity through revolving credit facilities provided by WestLB AG (the “WestLB Facility”) and Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC (the “Wells Facility” and collectively with the WestLB Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information about the Credit Facilities.
 
Market Opportunity
 
We focus our investments primarily in four key industries of the emerging technology market: technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech. The technology sectors we focus on include communications, networking, wireless communications, data storage, software, cloud computing, semiconductor, internet and media and consumer-related technologies. The life science sectors we focus on include biotechnology, drug delivery, bioinformatics and medical devices. The healthcare information and services sectors we focus on include diagnostics, medical record services and software and other healthcare related services and technologies that improve efficiency and quality of administered healthcare. The cleantech sectors we focus on include alternative energy, water purification, energy efficiency, green building materials and waste recycling.
 
We believe that Venture Lending has the potential to achieve enhanced returns that are attractive notwithstanding the increased level of risk associated with lending to development-stage companies. Potential benefits include:
 
  •  interest rates that typically exceed rates that would be available to portfolio companies if they could borrow in traditional commercial financing transactions;
 
  •  the loan support provided by cash proceeds from equity capital invested by venture capital and private equity firms;
 
  •  relatively rapid amortization of loans;
 
  •  senior ranking to equity and collateralization of loans to minimize potential loss of capital; and
 
  •  potential equity appreciation through warrants.
 
We believe that Venture Lending also provides an attractive financing source for portfolio companies, their management teams and their equity capital investors, as it:
 
  •  is typically less dilutive to the equity holders than additional equity financing;
 
  •  extends the time period during which a portfolio company can operate before seeking additional equity capital or pursuing a sale transaction or other liquidity event; and
 
  •  allows portfolio companies to better match cash sources with uses.
 
Competitive Strengths
 
We believe that we, together with our Advisor, possess significant competitive strengths, which include the following:
 
  •  Consistently Execute Commitments and Close Transactions.  Our Advisor and its senior management and investment professionals have an extensive track record of originating, underwriting and closing Venture Loans. Our Advisor has directly originated, underwritten and managed more than 130 Venture Loans with an aggregate original principal amount over $800 million since it commenced operations in 2004. In our experience, prospective portfolio companies prefer lenders that have demonstrated their ability to deliver on their commitments.
 
  •  Robust Direct Origination Capabilities.  Our Advisor’s managing directors each have significant experience originating Venture Loans in our Target Industries. This experience has given each managing director a deep knowledge of our Target Industries and an extensive base of transaction sources and references. Our Advisor’s brand name recognition in our market has resulted in a steady flow of high quality investment opportunities that are consistent with the strategic vision and expectations of our Advisor’s senior management.


4


 

 
  •  Highly Experienced and Cohesive Management Team.  Our Advisor has had the same senior management team of experienced professionals since its inception. This consistency allows companies, their management teams and their investors to rely on consistent and predictable service, loan products and terms and underwriting standards.
 
  •  Relationships with Venture Capital and Private Equity Investors. Our Advisor has developed strong relationships with venture capital and private equity firms and their partners. The strength and breadth of our Advisor’s venture capital and private equity relationships would take considerable time and expense to develop.
 
  •  Well-Known Brand Name.  Our Advisor has originated Venture Loans to more than 130 companies in our Target Industries under the “Horizon Technology Finance” brand. Each of these companies is backed by one or more venture capital or private equity firms. We believe that the “Horizon Technology Finance” brand, as a competent, knowledgeable and active participant in the Venture Lending marketplace, will continue to result in a significant number of referrals and prospective investment opportunities in our Target Industries.
 
Our Portfolio
 
Since our inception and through September 30, 2011, we have funded 65 portfolio companies and have invested $337.9 million in loans (including 28 loans that have been repaid). As of September 30, 2011, our total investment portfolio consisted of 37 loans which totaled $174.4 million and our net assets were $132.4 million. Our existing loans are secured by all or a portion of the tangible and intangible assets of the applicable portfolio company. The loans in our loan portfolio generally are not rated by any rating agency. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our loan portfolio had a dollar-weighted average annualized yield of approximately 14.6% (excluding any yield from warrants). As of September 30, 2011, our loan portfolio had a dollar-weighted average term of approximately 38 months from inception and a dollar-weighted average remaining term of approximately 28 months. In addition, we held warrants to purchase either common stock or preferred stock in 48 portfolio companies. As of September 30, 2011, our loans had an original committed principal amount of between $1 million and $12 million, repayment terms of between 30 and 48 months and bore current pay interest at annual interest rates of between 10% and 14%.
 
Risk Factors
 
The values of our assets, as well as the market price of our shares, fluctuate. Our investments may be risky, and you may lose all or part of your investment in us. Investing in us involves other risks, including the following:
 
  •  We have a limited operating history and may not be able to achieve our investment objective or generate sufficient revenue to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and your investment in us could decline substantially;
 
  •  We may not replicate the historical results achieved by us or other entities managed or sponsored by members of our Advisor or its affiliates;
 
  •  We and our Advisor have limited experience operating under the constraints imposed on a BDC or managing an investment company, which may affect our ability to manage our business and impair your ability to assess our prospects;
 
  •  We are dependent upon key personnel of our Advisor and our Advisor’s ability to hire and retain qualified personnel;
 
  •  We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, and if we are not able to compete effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected and the value of your investment in us could decline;
 
  •  If we are unable to satisfy the requirements under the Code for qualification as a RIC, we will be subject to corporate-level federal income tax;
 
  •  Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital, which may expose us to additional risks;


5


 

 
  •  We have not yet identified many of the potential investment opportunities for our portfolio that we will invest in with the proceeds of an offering under this registration statement;
 
  •  If our investments do not meet our performance expectations, you may not receive distributions;
 
  •  Most of our portfolio companies will need additional capital, which may not be readily available;
 
  •  Economic recessions or downturns could adversely affect our business and that of our portfolio companies which may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition;
 
  •  Our investment strategy focuses on investments in development-stage companies in our Target Industries, which are subject to many risks, including volatility, intense competition, shortened product life cycles and periodic downturns, and would be typically rated below “investment grade”;
 
  •  We cannot assure you that the market price of shares of our common stock will not decline following an offering;
 
  •  Subsequent sales in the public market of substantial amounts of our common stock may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock;
 
  •  Our common stock price may be volatile and may decrease substantially;
 
  •  We may allocate the net proceeds from an offering in ways with which you may not agree;
 
  •  Your interest in us may be diluted if you do not fully exercise subscription rights in any rights offering. In addition, if the subscription price is less than our net asset value per share, then you will experience an immediate dilution of the aggregate net asset value of your shares;
 
  •  Investors in offerings of our common stock may incur immediate dilution upon the closing of such offering;
 
  •  If we sell common stock at a discount to our net asset value per share, stockholders who do not participate in such sale will experience immediate dilution in an amount that may be material;
 
  •  There is a risk that investors in our equity securities may not receive dividends or that our dividends may not grow over time and that investors in debt securities that we may issue may not receive all of the interest income to which they are entitled;
 
  •  Shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value, and we cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not decline following an offering;
 
  •  Stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage if they do not participate in our dividend reinvestment plan;
 
  •  The trading market or market value of publicly issued debt securities that we may issue may fluctuate;
 
  •  Terms relating to redemption may materially adversely affect return on any debt securities that we may issue; and
 
  •  Our credit ratings may not reflect all risks of an investment in any debt securities that we may issue.
 
See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 14 and the other information included in this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the material risks you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our securities.
 
Company Information
 
Our administrative and executive offices and those of our Advisor are located at 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, and our telephone number is (860) 676-8654. Our corporate website is located at www.horizontechnologyfinancecorp.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus.


6


 

 
OFFERINGS
 
We may offer, from time to time, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, subscription rights, debt securities and/or warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, separately or as units comprising any combination of the foregoing, on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. Any debt securities, preferred stock, warrants and subscription rights offered by means of this prospectus may be convertible or exchangeable into shares of our common stock, on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. We will offer our securities at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The selling stockholders may offer, from time to time, up to 1,322,669 shares of our common stock for resale at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this prospectus.
 
We and/or one or more of the selling stockholders may offer our securities directly to one or more purchasers, including existing stockholders in a rights offering, through agents that we designate from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers. The prospectus supplement relating to each offering will identify any agents or underwriters involved in the sale of our securities and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters or among our underwriters or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. See “Plan of Distribution.” We and/or the selling stockholders may not sell any of our securities through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of our securities.
 
Set forth below is additional information regarding offerings of our securities:
 
Use of proceeds We intend to use the net proceeds from selling our securities to make new investments in portfolio companies in accordance with our investment objective and strategies as described in this prospectus and for working capital and general corporate purposes. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
 
Listing Our common stock is traded on NASDAQ under the symbol “HRZN.”
 
Dividends and Distributions We pay quarterly dividends to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. Our dividends, if any, will be determined by our Board. Our ability to declare dividends depends on our earnings, our overall financial condition (including our liquidity position), maintenance of RIC status and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant from time to time.
 
Taxation We have elected to be treated as a RIC. Accordingly, we generally will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders as dividends. To maintain RIC tax treatment, we must meet specified source-of-income and asset diversification requirements and distribute annually at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any.
 
Leverage We borrow funds to make additional investments. We use this practice, which is known as “leverage,” to attempt to increase returns to our stockholders, but it involves significant risks. See “Risk Factors.” With certain limited exceptions, we are only allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such borrowing.
 
Trading at a Discount Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. We cannot predict whether our common stock will trade above, at or below net asset value.


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Dividend Reinvestment Plan We have a dividend reinvestment plan for our stockholders. The dividend reinvestment plan is an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan. As a result, if we declare a dividend, then stockholders’ cash dividends will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, unless they specifically opt out of the dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash dividends. Stockholders who receive distributions in the form of stock will be subject to the same federal, state and local tax consequences as stockholders who elect to receive their distributions in cash. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
 
Sales of Common Stock Below Net Asset Value In the event we offer common stock or warrants or rights to acquire such common stock, the offering price per share of our common stock less any underwriting commissions or discounts will not be less than the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time we make the offering except (1) in connection with the exercise of certain warrants, options or rights whose issuance has been approved by our stockholders at an exercise or conversion price not less than the market value of our common stock at the date of issuance (or, if no such market value exists, the net asset value per share of our common stock as of such date); (2) to the extent such an offer or sale is approved by a majority of our stockholders and our Board; or (3) under such other circumstances as may be permitted under the 1940 Act or by the SEC. For purposes of (2) above, a “majority” of outstanding securities is defined in the 1940 Act as (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a stockholders’ meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company, whichever is less.
 
Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price for our common stock. See “Description of Common Stock That We May Issue.”
 
Investment Management Agreement We have entered into an investment management agreement (the “Investment Management Agreement”) with our Advisor, under which our Advisor, subject to the overall supervision of our Board, manages our day-to-day operations and provides investment advisory services to us. For providing these services, our Advisor receives a base management fee from us, paid monthly in arrears, at an annual rate of 2% of our gross assets, including any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage. The Investment Management Agreement also provides that our Advisor or its affiliates may be entitled to an incentive fee under certain circumstances. The incentive fee has two parts, which are independent of each other, with the result that one part may be payable even if the other is not. Under the first part, we will pay our Advisor each quarter 20% of the amount by which our accrued net income for the quarter after expenses and excluding the effect of any realized capital gains and losses and any unrealized


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appreciation and depreciation for the quarter exceeds 1.75% (which is 7% annualized) of our average net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, subject to a “catch-up” feature. Under the second part of the incentive fee, we will pay our Advisor at the end of each calendar year 20% of our realized capital gains from inception through the end of that year, computed net of all realized capital losses and all unrealized depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. The second part of the incentive fee is not subject to any minimum return to stockholders. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty by delivering written notice to the other party upon not more than 60 days’ written notice. See “Investment Management and Administration Agreements — Investment Management Agreement.”
 
Administration Agreement We reimburse our Administrator for the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by our Administrator in performing its obligations under an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), including furnishing rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our chief compliance officer and chief financial officer and their respective staffs. See “Investment Management and Administration Agreements — Administration Agreement.”
 
Available Information We are required to file periodic reports, current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. This information is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You can also inspect any materials we file with the SEC, without charge, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room. You may also obtain such information by contacting us at 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 or by calling us at (860) 676-8654. We intend to provide much of the same information on our website at www.horizontechnologyfinancecorp.com. Information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement and should not be relied upon as such.


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FEES AND EXPENSES
 
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor will bear directly or indirectly. However, we caution you that some of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. The following table and example should not be considered a representation of our future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “you” or “us” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, stockholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as investors in the Company.
 
                         
Stockholder Transaction Expenses
                       
Sales Load (as a percentage of offering price)
          %(1)                
Offering Expenses (as a percentage of offering price)
      %(2)                
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees
    None (3)                
                         
Total Stockholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of offering price)
      %                
                         
Annual Expenses (as a Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Common Stock)
                       
Base Management Fee
    3.30 %(4)                
Incentive Fees Payable Under the Investment Management Agreement
    2.15 %(5)                
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
    2.12 %(6)                
Other Expenses (estimated)
    1.81 %(7)                
                         
Total Annual Expenses (estimated)
    9.38 %(4)(8)                
                         
 
 
(1) In the event that securities to which this prospectus relates are sold to or through underwriters or agents, a corresponding prospectus supplement will disclose the applicable sales load.
(2) In the event that we conduct an offering of any of our securities, a corresponding prospectus supplement will disclose the estimated offering expenses because they will be ultimately borne by us.
(3) The expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan are included in “Other Expenses” in the table. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
(4) Our base management fee under the Investment Management Agreement is based on our gross assets, which includes assets acquired using leverage, and is payable monthly in arrears. The management fee referenced in the table above assumes the base management fee remains consistent with fees incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2011. See “Investment Management and Administration Agreements — Investment Management Agreement.”
(5) Our incentive fee payable under the Investment Management Agreement consists of two parts:
 
The first part, which is payable quarterly in arrears, equals 20% of the excess, if any, of our “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” over a 1.75% quarterly (7% annualized) hurdle rate and a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, our Advisor receives no incentive fee until our net investment income equals the hurdle rate of 1.75% but then receives, as a “catch-up,” 100% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.1875%. The effect of this provision is that, if Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds 2.1875% in any calendar quarter, our Advisor will receive 20% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if a hurdle rate did not apply. The first part of the incentive fee is computed and paid on income that may include interest that is accrued but not yet received in cash.
 
The second part of the incentive fee equals 20% of our “Incentive Fee Capital Gains,” if any, which will equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception through the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. The second part of the incentive fee is payable, in arrears, at the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Investment Management Agreement, as of the termination date). For a more detailed discussion of the calculation of this fee, see “Investment Management and Administration Agreements — Investment Management Agreement.”
 
The incentive fee payable to our Advisor is based on the actual amount incurred under the first part of the Investment Management Agreement during the three months ended September 30, 2011, annualized for a full year. As we cannot predict the occurrence of any capital gains from the portfolio, we have assumed no Incentive Fee Capital Gains.
(6) We will continue to borrow funds from time to time to make investments to the extent we determine that the economic situation is conducive to doing so. The costs associated with our outstanding borrowings are indirectly borne by our investors. For purposes of this section, we have computed the interest expense using the balance outstanding at September 30, 2011. We used the LIBOR rate on September 30, 2011 and the interest rates on the Credit Facilities. We have also included the estimated amortization of fees incurred in establishing the Credit Facilities. At September 30, 2011, we had approximately $66 million outstanding under the WestLB Facility and approximately $16 million


10


 

outstanding under the Wells Facility. We may also issue preferred stock, subject to our compliance with applicable requirements under the 1940 Act.
(7) Includes our overhead expenses, including payments under the Administration Agreement, based on our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement. See “Investment Management and Administration Agreements — Administration Agreement.” “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts to be incurred on an annual basis.
(8) “Total Annual Expenses” as a percentage of consolidated net assets attributable to common stock are higher than the total annual expenses percentage would be for a company that is not leveraged. We borrow money to leverage our net assets and increase our total assets. The SEC requires that the “Total Annual Expenses” percentage be calculated as a percentage of net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and after taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period), rather than the total assets, including assets that have been funded with borrowed monies.
 
Example
 
The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. This example and the expenses in the table above should not be considered a representation of our future expenses, and actual expenses (including the cost of debt, if any, and other expenses) may be greater or less than those shown. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that our annual operating expenses remain at the levels set forth in the table above. In the event that shares to which this prospectus relates are sold to or through underwriters or agents, a corresponding prospectus supplement will restate this example to reflect the applicable sales load.
 
                                 
    1 Year   3 Years   5 Years   10 Years
 
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return
  $ 179     $ 337     $ 480     $ 780  
 
The example and the expenses in the tables above should not be considered a representation of our future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or lesser than those shown.
 
While the example assumes, as required by the applicable rules of the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5%. The incentive fee under the Investment Management Agreement is unlikely to be significant assuming a 5% annual return and is not included in the example. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments, including through the realization of capital gains, to trigger an incentive fee of a material amount, our distributions to our common stockholders and our expenses would likely be higher. See “Investment Management and Administration Agreements — Examples of Incentive Fee Calculation” for additional information regarding the calculation of incentive fees. In addition, while the example assumes reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions at net asset value, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan receive a number of shares of our common stock determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to a participant by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of trading on the valuation date for the distribution. This price may be at, above or below net asset value. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan” for additional information regarding our dividend reinvestment plan.


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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
 
The selected historical financial and other data below reflects our consolidated operations. The selected financial data for the period from October 29, 2010 to December 31, 2010, the period from January 1, 2010 to October 28, 2010, the year ended December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008 to December 31, 2008 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements that have been audited by McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Interim financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 is derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements, and in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary to present fairly the results of such interim period. Results for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the nine months ended September 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the current year. You should read this selected consolidated financial and other data in conjunction with our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
 
                                                 
        Pre-IPO Prior
               
    Post-IPO as a
  to becoming a
  Post-IPO as a
           
    Business
  Business
  Business
           
    Development
  Development
  Development
          March 4,
    Company   Company   Company           2008
    Nine Months
  Nine Months
  October 29,
  January 1,
      (Inception)
    Ended
  Ended
  2010 to
  2010 to
  Year Ended
  through
    September 30,
  September 30,
  December 31,
  October 28,
  December 31,
  December 31,
    2011   2010   2010   2010   2009   2008
    (Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Total investment income
  $ 17,871     $ 13,250     $ 3,251     $ 14,956     $ 15,326     $ 7,021  
Total expenses
    10,670       5,372       1,892       5,931       6,769       4,031  
Net investment income
    7,201       7,878       1,359       9,025       8,557       2,990  
Credit (provision) for loan losses
          739             739       (274 )     (1,650 )
Net realized gain (loss) on investments
    5,544       (2 )     611       69       138       22  
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments
    (2,535 )     1,549       1,449       1,481       892       (73 )
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
  $ 10,210     $ 10,164     $ 3,419     $ 11,314     $ 9,313     $ 1,289  
Net investment income per common share
  $ 0.95       N/A     $ 0.18       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Net increase in net assets per common share
  $ 1.34       N/A     $ 0.45       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Per share dividend declared
  $ 0.73       N/A     $ 0.22       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Dollar amount of dividends declared
  $ 5,551       N/A     $ 1,662       N/A       N/A       N/A  
Weighted average common shares
    7,604,345       N/A       7,555,722       N/A       N/A       N/A  
 
                                         
    September 30,
  September 30,
  December 31,
  December 31,
  December 31,
    2011   2010   2010   2009   2008
    (Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Balance sheet data at period end:
Investments
  $ 180,186     $ 137,818     $ 136,810     $ 111,954     $ 92,174  
Cash and cash equivalents
    32,598       19,219       76,793       9,892       20,024  
Other assets
    4,087       2,899       2,602       3,022       3,017  
Total assets
    216,871       159,936       216,205       124,868       115,215  
Total liabilities
    84,492       89,870       89,010       65,375       65,430  
Total net assets
    132,379       70,065       127,195       59,493       49,785  


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SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
 
The following tables set forth certain quarterly financial information for each of the eleven quarters ending with the quarter ended September 30, 2011. This information was derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for the past fiscal year or for any future quarter.
 
                         
    2011
    Q3   Q2   Q1
    (Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Total investment income
  $ 6,441     $ 5,970     $ 5,460  
Net investment income
  $ 2,993     $ 1,980     $ 2,228  
Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain
  $ (234 )   $ 1,843     $ 1,400  
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
  $ 2,759     $ 3,823     $ 3,628  
Earnings per share(1)
  $ 0.39     $ 0.26     $ 0.29  
Net asset value per share at the end of the quarter(2)
  $ 17.36     $ 17.40     $ 17.23  
 
                                 
    2010
    Q4   Q3   Q2   Q1
    (Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Total investment income
  $ 4,956     $ 5,189     $ 4,270     $ 3,793  
Net investment income
  $ 2,507     $ 3,257     $ 2,509     $ 2,113  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
  $ 2,063     $ 1,711     $ (366 )   $ 202  
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
  $ 4,570     $ 5,288     $ 2,259     $ 2,618  
Earnings per share(3)
  $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A  
Net asset value per share at the end of the quarter(2)(3)
  $ 16.75     $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A  
 
                                 
    2009
    Q4   Q3   Q2   Q1
    (Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Total investment income
  $ 4,155     $ 4,169     $ 3,746     $ 3,256  
Net investment income
  $ 2,492     $ 2,393     $ 1,998     $ 1,673  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
  $ 498     $ (55 )   $ 143     $ 445  
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
  $ 3,343     $ 2,004     $ 1,884     $ 2,083  
Earnings per share(3)
  $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A  
Net asset value per share at the end of the quarter(3)
  $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A     $ N/A  
(1) Based on the weighted average shares outstanding for the respective period.
(2) Based on shares outstanding at the end of the respective period.
(3) For periods prior to October 29, 2010, the Company did not have common shares outstanding or an equivalent and, therefore, cannot calculate earnings per share and net asset value per share.


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RISK FACTORS
 
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware of various risks, including those described below. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, before you decide whether to make an investment in our securities. The risks set forth below are not the only risks we face. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, our net asset value and the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
 
Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure
 
We have a limited operating history and may not be able to achieve our investment objective or generate sufficient revenue to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and your investment in us could decline substantially.
 
We commenced operations in March 2008 and became a public company on October 28, 2010. As a result of our limited operating history, we are subject to certain business risks and uncertainties associated with any recently formed business enterprise, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and that the value of your investment in us could decline substantially. As a public company, we are subject to the regulatory requirements of the SEC, in addition to the specific regulatory requirements applicable to BDCs under the 1940 Act and RICs under the Code. Our management and our Advisor have limited experience operating under this regulatory framework, and we may incur substantial additional costs, and expend significant time or other resources, to do so. From time to time our Advisor may pursue investment opportunities, like equity investments, in which our Advisor has more limited experience. In addition, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue from our operations to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders.
 
We and our Advisor have limited experience operating under the constraints imposed on a BDC or managing an investment company, which may affect our ability to manage our business and impair your ability to assess our prospects.
 
Prior to becoming a public company in October 2010, we did not operate as a BDC or manage an investment company under the 1940 Act. As a result, we have limited operating results under this regulatory framework that can demonstrate to you either its effect on our business or our ability to manage our business within this framework. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs. For example, BDCs are required to invest at least 70% of their total assets in specified types of securities, primarily securities of “eligible portfolio companies” (as defined in the 1940 Act), cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. See “Regulation.” Our Advisor’s lack of experience in managing a portfolio of assets under these constraints may hinder our ability to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and, as a result, could impair our ability to achieve our investment objective. Furthermore, if we are unable to comply with the requirements imposed on BDCs by the 1940 Act, the SEC could bring an enforcement action against us and/or we could be exposed to claims of private litigants. In addition, we could be regulated as a closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act, which could further decrease our operating flexibility and may prevent us from operating our business, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
We are dependent upon key personnel of our Advisor and our Advisor’s ability to hire and retain qualified personnel.
 
We depend on the members of our Advisor’s senior management, particularly Mr. Pomeroy, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Michaud, our President, as well as other key personnel for the identification, evaluation, final selection, structuring, closing and monitoring of our investments. These employees have critical industry experience and relationships that we rely on to implement our business plan to originate Venture Loans in our Target Industries. Our future success depends on the continued service of Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Michaud as well as the other senior members of our Advisor’s management team. If our Advisor were to lose the services of either


14


 

Mr. Pomeroy or Mr. Michaud or any of the other senior members of our Advisor’s management team, we may not be able to operate our business as we expect, and our ability to compete could be harmed, either of which could cause our business, results of operations or financial condition to suffer. In addition, if either of Mr. Pomeroy or Mr. Michaud cease to be employed by us, WestLB AG (“WestLB”) could, absent a waiver or cure, demand repayment of any outstanding obligations under the WestLB Facility and, if more than one of Mr. Pomeroy, Mr. Michaud or Mr. Mathieu, our Chief Financial Officer, shall cease to be actively involved in the Company or our Advisor, and are not replaced by individuals satisfactory to Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC (“Wells”) within ninety days, Wells could, absent a waiver or cure, demand repayment of any outstanding obligations under the Wells Facility. Our future success also depends, in part, on our Advisor’s ability to identify, attract and retain sufficient numbers of highly skilled employees. Absent exemptive or other relief granted by the SEC and for so long as we remain externally managed, the 1940 Act prevents us from granting options to our employees and adopting a profit sharing plan, which may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain highly skilled employees. If we are not successful in identifying, attracting and retaining these employees, we may not be able to operate our business as we expect. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our Advisor will remain our investment advisor or that we will continue to have access to our Advisor’s investment professionals or its relationships. For example, our Advisor may in the future manage investment funds with investment objectives similar to ours thereby diverting the time and attention of its investment professionals that we rely on to implement our business plan.
 
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, and if we are not able to compete effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected and the value of your investment in us could decline.
 
We compete for investments with a number of investment funds and other BDCs, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other financing sources. Some of our competitors are larger and have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. This may enable these competitors to make commercial loans with interest rates that are comparable to, or lower than, the rates we typically offer. We may lose prospective portfolio companies if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. If we do match our competitors’ pricing, terms or structure, we may experience decreased net interest income and increased risk of credit losses. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships than us and build their market shares. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or that the Code imposes on us as a RIC. If we are not able to compete effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities that we identify and may not be able to fully invest our available capital. If this occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
 
We borrow money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us.
 
Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique, and we intend to continue to borrow money as part of our business plan. The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and, therefore, increases the risks associated with investing in us. We borrow from and issue senior debt securities to banks and other lenders. Such senior debt securities include those under the Credit Facilities. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Lenders of senior debt securities have fixed dollar claims on our assets that are superior to the claims of our common stockholders. If the value of our assets increases, then leveraging would cause the net asset value attributable to our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. However, any decrease in our income would cause net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. This decline could adversely affect our ability to make common stock dividend payments. In addition, because our investments may be illiquid, we may be unable to dispose of them, or unable to do so at a favorable price in the event we need to do so, if we are unable to refinance any indebtedness upon maturity, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.


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Our ability to service any debt that we incur depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. Moreover, as our Advisor’s management fee is payable to our Advisor based on our gross assets, including those assets acquired through the use of leverage, our Advisor may have a financial incentive to incur leverage which may not be consistent with our stockholders’ interests. In addition, holders of our common stock bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of leverage, including any increase in the management fee payable to our Advisor.
 
Illustration: The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our common stock assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below:
 
                     
    Assumed Return on Our Portfolio
    (Net of Expenses)
    −10%   −5%   0%   5%   10%
 
Corresponding return to stockholder(1)
  −18.50%   −10.28%   −2.06%   6.16%   14.38%
 
 
(1) Assumes $217 million in total assets, $82 million in debt outstanding, $132 million in stockholders’ equity, and an average cost of funds of 3.32%. Assumptions are based on our financial condition and our average costs of funds at September 30, 2011. Actual interest payments may be different.
 
Based on our outstanding indebtedness of $82 million as of September 30, 2011 and the effective annual interest rate of 3.32% as of that date, our investment portfolio would have been required to experience an annual return of at least 1.52% to cover annual interest payments on the outstanding debt.
 
If we are unable to comply with the covenants or restrictions in our Credit Facilities, our business could be materially adversely affected.
 
Horizon Credit I LLC (“Credit I”) is wholly owned by us through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Compass Horizon, and is party to our WestLB Facility. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Horizon Credit II LLC (“Credit II”) is party to our Wells Facility. The Credit Facilities include covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of Credit I and Credit II to make loans to, or investments in, third parties (other than Venture Loans and warrants or other equity participation rights), pay dividends and distributions, incur additional indebtedness and engage in mergers or consolidations. The Credit Facilities also restrict the ability of Credit I and Credit II to create liens on the collateral securing the Credit Facilities, permit additional negative pledges on such collateral and change the business currently conducted by them. The Credit Facilities also include provisions that restrict a change of control of Credit I or Credit II, and the Wells Facility makes the acquisition of 20% or more of the beneficial ownership of the Company by any person or group of persons (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended) an event of default. For this purpose a change of control generally means a merger or other consolidation, a liquidation, a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or a transaction in which any person or group acquires more than 50% of our shares. In addition, the Credit Facilities also require Credit I, Credit II and our Advisor to comply with various financial covenants, including, among other covenants, maintenance by our Advisor of a minimum tangible net worth and limitations on the value of, and modifications to, the loan collateral that secures the Credit Facilities. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Complying with these restrictions may prevent us from taking actions that we believe would help us to grow our business or are otherwise consistent with our investment objective. These restrictions could also limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or meet extraordinary capital needs or otherwise restrict corporate activities or could result in our failing to qualify as a RIC and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information regarding our credit arrangements.
 
The breach of certain of the covenants or restrictions unless cured within the applicable grace period would result in a default under the Credit Facilities that would permit the applicable lender to declare all amounts outstanding to be due and payable. In such an event, we may not have sufficient assets to repay such indebtedness and the lender may exercise rights available to it under the security interest granted in the assets of Credit I or Credit II, as applicable, including, to the extent permitted under applicable law, the seizure of such assets without adjudication. As a result, any default could have serious consequences to our financial condition. An event of


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default or acceleration under the Credit Facilities could also cause a cross-default or cross-acceleration of another debt instrument or contractual obligation, which would adversely impact our liquidity. We may not be granted waivers or amendments to the Credit Facilities if for any reason we are unable to comply with it, and we may not be able to refinance the Credit Facilities on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
 
The impact of recent financial reform legislation on us is uncertain.
 
In light of current conditions in the U.S. and global financial markets and the U.S. and global economy, legislators, the presidential administration and regulators have increased their focus on the regulation of the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act institutes a wide range of reforms that will have an impact on all financial institutions. Many of these provisions are subject to rule making procedures and studies that will be conducted in the future. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect it or its implementing regulations will have on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
Because we distribute all or substantially all of our income and any realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses to our stockholders, we will need additional capital to finance our growth, if any. If additional funds are unavailable or not available on favorable terms, our ability to grow will be impaired.
 
To satisfy the requirements applicable to a RIC, to avoid payment of excise taxes and to minimize or avoid payment of corporate-level federal income taxes, we intend to distribute to our stockholders all or substantially all of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains over realized net long-term capital losses except that we may retain certain net long-term capital gains, pay applicable income taxes with respect thereto, and elect to treat such retained capital gains as deemed distributions to our stockholders. As a BDC, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which includes all of our borrowings and any preferred stock we may issue in the future, of at least 200%. This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow. Because we continue to need capital to grow our loan and investment portfolio, this limitation may prevent us from incurring debt and require us to raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. We cannot assure you that debt and equity financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, and debt financings may be restricted by the terms of any of our outstanding borrowings. In addition, as a BDC, we are limited in our ability to issue equity securities priced below net asset value. If additional funds are not available to us, we could be forced to curtail or cease new lending and investment activities, and our net asset value could decline.
 
If we are unable to obtain additional debt financing, our business could be materially adversely affected.
 
We may want to obtain additional debt financing, or need to do so upon maturity of the Credit Facilities, in order to obtain funds which may be made available for investments. We currently may not request new advances under the WestLB Facility and we must repay the outstanding advances under the WestLB Facility at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the WestLB Facility, particularly the condition that the principal balance of the WestLB Facility not exceed 75% of the aggregate principal balance of Credit I’s eligible loans to its portfolio companies. We may request new advances under the Wells Facility until July 14, 2014, and, after such date, we must repay the outstanding advances under the Wells Facility as of such date at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the Wells Facility, particularly the condition that the principal balance of the Wells Facility not exceed 50% of the aggregate principal balance of Credit II’s eligible loans to its portfolio companies. All outstanding advances under the WestLB Facility are due and payable on March 4, 2015, unless such date is extended upon Credit I’s request and upon mutual agreement of WestLB and Credit I. All outstanding advances under the Wells Facility are due and payable on July 14, 2017, unless such date is extended upon Credit II’s request and upon mutual agreement of Wells and Credit II. If we are unable to increase, renew or replace any such facility and enter into a new debt financing facility on commercially reasonable terms, our liquidity may be reduced significantly. In addition, if we are unable to repay amounts outstanding under any such facilities and are declared in default or are unable to renew or refinance these facilities, we may not be able to make new investments or operate our business in the normal course. These situations may arise due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as lack of access to the credit markets, a severe decline in the value of the U.S. dollar, a further economic downturn or an


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operational problem that affects third parties or us, and could materially damage our business. Moreover, we have withdrawn our application to the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) for a license to operate as a small business investment company (“SBIC”), which was originally filed on December 6, 2010, and, though we may in the future submit a new application, we have no present intention to do so and, therefore, do not expect to be able to access liquidity by issuing SBA-guaranteed debentures.
 
Changes in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income.
 
Because we currently incur indebtedness to fund our investments, a portion of our income depends upon the difference between the interest rate at which we borrow funds and the interest rate at which we invest these funds. Most of our investments have fixed interest rates, while our borrowings have floating interest rates. As a result, a significant change in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds could increase, which would reduce our net investment income. We may hedge against interest rate fluctuations by using hedging instruments such as swaps, futures, options and forward contracts, subject to applicable legal requirements, including, without limitation, all necessary registrations (or exemptions from registration) with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. These activities may limit our ability to benefit from lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions or any adverse developments from our use of hedging instruments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may be unable to enter into appropriate hedging transactions when desired and any hedging transactions we enter into may not be effective.
 
Because many of our investments typically are not and will not be in publicly traded securities, the value of our investments may not be readily determinable, which could adversely affect the determination of our net asset value.
 
Our investments consist, and we expect our future investments to consist, primarily of loans or securities issued by privately held companies. The fair value of these investments that are not publicly traded may not be readily determinable. In addition, we are not permitted to maintain a general reserve for anticipated loan losses. Instead, we are required by the 1940 Act to specifically value each investment and record an unrealized gain or loss for any asset that we believe has increased or decreased in value. We value these investments on a quarterly basis, or more frequently as circumstances require, in accordance with our valuation policy consistent with generally accepted accounting principles. Our Board employs an independent third-party valuation firm to assist them in arriving at the fair value of our investments. Our Board discusses valuations and determines the fair value in good faith based on the input of our Advisor and the third-party valuation firm. The factors that may be considered in fair value pricing our investments include the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s earnings and its ability to make payments on its indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparisons to publicly traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. Because such valuations are inherently uncertain and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would be assessed if a ready market for these securities existed. Our net asset value could be adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of our investments are materially higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon the disposal of these investments.
 
Disruption in the capital markets and the credit markets could adversely affect our business.
 
Without sufficient access to the capital markets or credit markets, we may be forced to curtail our business operations or we may not be able to pursue new investment opportunities. The global capital markets are in a period of disruption and extreme volatility and, accordingly, there has been and will continue to be uncertainty in the financial markets in general. Ongoing disruptive conditions in the financial industry could restrict our business operations and could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. We are unable to predict when economic and market conditions may become more favorable. Even if these conditions improve significantly over the long term, adverse conditions in particular sectors of the financial markets could adversely impact our business.


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We may not realize gains from our equity investments.
 
We may make non-control, equity co-investments in companies in conjunction with private equity sponsors. The equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience. We also may be unable to realize any value if a portfolio company does not have a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business, refinancing or public offering, which would allow us to sell the underlying equity interests. In addition, our Advisor’s significant experience in Venture Lending may not result in returns on our equity investments.
 
From time to time we may also acquire equity participation rights in connection with an investment which will allow us, at our option, to participate in future rounds of equity financing through direct capital investments in our portfolio companies. Our Advisor determines whether to exercise any of these rights. Accordingly, you will have no control over whether or to what extent these rights are exercised, if at all. If we exercise these rights, we will be making an additional investment completely in the form of equity which will subject us to significantly more risk than our Venture Loans and we may not receive the returns that are anticipated with respect to these investments.
 
We may not realize expected returns on warrants received in connection with our debt investments.
 
As discussed above, we generally receive warrants in connection with our debt investments. If we do not receive the returns that are anticipated on the warrants, our investment returns on our portfolio companies, and the value of your investment in us, may be lower than expected.
 
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to, and the way in which, we raise additional capital, which may expose us to additional risks.
 
Our business plan contemplates a need for a substantial amount of capital in addition to our current amount of capital. We may obtain additional capital through the issuance of debt securities, other indebtedness or preferred stock, and we may borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. If we issue senior securities, we would be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. In addition, if we issue preferred stock, it would rank senior to common stock in our capital structure and preferred stockholders would have separate voting rights and may have rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those of holders of our common stock.
 
The 1940 Act permits us to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after each issuance of senior securities. If our asset coverage ratio is not at least 200%, we are not permitted to pay dividends or issue additional senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this asset coverage test. If that happens, we may be required to liquidate a portion of our investments and repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when we may be unable to do so or unable to do so on favorable terms. See Note 6 to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding borrowings.
 
As a BDC, we generally are not able to issue our common stock at a price below net asset value without first obtaining the approval of our stockholders and our independent directors. This requirement does not apply to stock issued upon the exercise of options, warrants or rights that we may issue from time to time. If we raise additional funds by issuing more common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time would decrease, and you may experience dilution.
 
If we are unable to satisfy the requirements under the Code for qualification as a RIC, we will be subject to corporate-level federal income tax.
 
To qualify as a RIC under the Code, we must meet certain source-of-income, diversification and other requirements contained in Subchapter M of the Code and maintain our election to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. We must also meet the Annual Distribution Requirement, as defined in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” to avoid corporate-level federal income tax in that year on all of our taxable income, regardless of whether we make any distributions to our stockholders.


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The source-of-income requirement is satisfied if we derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership.” The status of certain forms of income we receive could be subject to different interpretations under the Code and might be characterized as non-qualifying income that could cause us to fail to qualify as a RIC, assuming we do not qualify for or take advantage of certain remedial provisions, and, thus, may cause us to be subject to corporate-level federal income taxes.
 
The Annual Distribution Requirement for a RIC is satisfied if we distribute to our stockholders on an annual basis an amount equal to at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. If we borrow money, we may be subject to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the 1940 Act and loan covenants that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to qualify as a RIC. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify as a RIC, assuming we do not qualify for or take advantage of certain remedial provisions, and, thus, may be subject to corporate-level income tax.
 
To qualify as a RIC, we must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each calendar quarter. Failure to meet these tests may result in our having to (i) dispose of certain investments quickly; (ii) raise additional capital to prevent the loss of RIC status; or (iii) engage in certain remedial actions that may entail the disposition of certain investments at disadvantageous prices that could result in substantial losses, and the payment of penalties, if we qualify to take such actions. Because most of our investments are and will be in development-stage companies within our Target Industries, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and may result in substantial losses. If we raise additional capital to satisfy the asset diversification requirements, it could take a longer time to invest such capital. During this period, we will invest in temporary investments, such as cash and cash equivalents, which we expect will earn yields substantially lower than the interest income that we anticipate receiving in respect of our investments in secured and amortizing loans.
 
If we were to fail to qualify for the federal income tax benefits allowable to RICs for any reason and become subject to a corporate-level federal income tax, the resulting taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution to our stockholders and the actual amount of our distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us, the net asset value of our common stock and the total return, if any, obtainable from your investment in our common stock. In addition, we could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC. See “Regulation.”
 
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash.
 
We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive cash. For example, if we hold debt instruments that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with warrants), we must include in taxable income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the debt instrument, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. Because in certain cases we may recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the requirement that we distribute an amount equal to at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized long-term capital losses, if any.
 
Accordingly, we may need to sell some of our assets at times that we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forego new investment opportunities or otherwise take actions that are disadvantageous to our business (or be unable to take actions that we believe are necessary or advantageous to our business) in order to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from other


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sources to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, we may fail to qualify for the federal income tax benefits allowable to RICs and, thus, become subject to a corporate-level federal income tax on all our income.
 
If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could fail to qualify as a BDC or be precluded from investing according to our current business strategy.
 
As a BDC, we are prohibited from acquiring any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets. Substantially all of our assets are qualifying assets and we expect that substantially all assets that we may acquire in the future will be qualifying assets, although we may decide to make other investments that are not qualifying assets to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If we acquire debt or equity securities from an issuer that has outstanding marginable securities at the time we make an investment, these acquired assets may not be treated as qualifying assets. This result is dictated by the definition of “eligible portfolio company” under the 1940 Act, which in part looks to whether a company has outstanding marginable securities. See “Regulation — Qualifying Assets.” If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could lose our status as a BDC, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Changes in laws or regulations governing our business could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Changes in the laws or regulations or the interpretations of the laws and regulations that govern BDCs, RICs or non-depository commercial lenders could significantly affect our operations, our cost of doing business and our investment strategy. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations and judicial and administrative decisions that affect our operations, including our loan originations, maximum interest rates, fees and other charges, disclosures to portfolio companies, the terms of secured transactions, collection and foreclosure procedures, portfolio composition and other trade practices. If these laws, regulations or decisions change, or if we expand our business into jurisdictions that have adopted more stringent requirements, we may incur significant expenses to comply with these laws, regulations or decisions or we might have to restrict our operations or alter our investment strategy. In addition, if we do not comply with applicable laws, regulations and decisions, we may lose licenses needed for the conduct of our business and be subject to civil fines and criminal penalties, any of which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
Our Advisor has significant potential conflicts of interest with us and our stockholders.
 
As a result of our arrangements with our Advisor, there may be times when our Advisor has interests that differ from those of our stockholders, giving rise to a potential conflict of interest. Our executive officers and directors, as well as the current and future executives and employees of our Advisor, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as we do. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of our stockholders. In addition, our Advisor may manage other funds in the future that may have investment objectives that are similar, in whole or in part, to ours. Our Advisor may determine that an investment is appropriate for us and for one or more of those other funds. In such an event, depending on the availability of the investment and other appropriate factors, our Advisor will endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner. It is also possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in these other investment opportunities.
 
We pay management and incentive fees to our Advisor and reimburse our Advisor for certain expenses it incurs. As a result, investors in our common stock invest on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after expenses, resulting in a lower rate of return than an investor might achieve through direct investments. Also, the incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor may create an incentive for our Advisor to pursue investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangements.
 
We have entered into a license agreement with Horizon Technology Finance, LLC, pursuant to which it has agreed to grant us a non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the service mark “Horizon Technology Finance.” Under this agreement, we have a right to use the “Horizon Technology Finance” service mark for so long as the Investment Management Agreement is in effect between us and our Advisor. In addition, we pay our Advisor


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our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by our Advisor in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions, and our allocable portion of the compensation of our chief financial officer and any administrative support staff. Any potential conflict of interest arising as a result of our arrangements with our Advisor could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Our incentive fee may impact our Advisor’s structuring of our investments, including by causing our Advisor to pursue speculative investments.
 
The incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor may create an incentive for our Advisor to pursue investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The incentive fee payable to our Advisor is calculated based on a percentage of our return on invested capital. This may encourage our Advisor to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would impair the value of our common stock. In addition, our Advisor receives the incentive fee based, in part, upon net capital gains realized on our investments. Unlike that portion of the incentive fee based on income, there is no hurdle rate applicable to the portion of the incentive fee based on net capital gains. As a result, our Advisor may have a tendency to invest more capital in investments that are likely to result in capital gains as compared to income-producing securities. Such a practice could result in our investing in more speculative investments than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic downturns. In addition, the incentive fee may encourage our Advisor to pursue different types of investments or structure investments in ways that are more likely to result in warrant gains or gains on equity investments, including upon exercise of equity participation rights, which are inconsistent with our investment strategy and disciplined underwriting process.
 
The incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor may also induce our Advisor to pursue investments on our behalf that have a deferred interest feature, even if such deferred payments would not provide cash necessary to enable us to pay current distributions to our stockholders. Under these investments, we would accrue interest over the life of the investment but would not receive the cash income from the investment until the end of the term. Our net investment income used to calculate the income portion of our investment fee, however, includes accrued interest. Thus, a portion of this incentive fee would be based on income that we have not yet received in cash. In addition, the “catch-up” portion of the incentive fee may encourage our Advisor to accelerate or defer interest payable by portfolio companies from one calendar quarter to another, potentially resulting in fluctuations in the timing and amounts of dividends. Our governing documents do not limit the number of loans we may make with deferred interest features or the proportion of our income we derive from such loans.
 
Our Advisor’s liability is limited, and we have agreed to indemnify our Advisor against certain liabilities, which may lead our Advisor to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
 
Under the Investment Management Agreement, our Advisor does not assume any responsibility to us other than to render the services called for under that agreement, and it is not responsible for any action of our Board in following or declining to follow our Advisor’s advice or recommendations. Under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, our Advisor, its officers, members, personnel and any person controlling or controlled by our Advisor is not liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, our stockholders or any subsidiary’s stockholders or partners for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, except those resulting from acts constituting gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard of our Advisor’s duties under the Investment Management Agreement. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify our Advisor and each of its officers, directors, members, managers and employees from and against any claims or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred, arising out of or in connection with our business and operations or any action taken or omitted on our behalf pursuant to authority granted by the Investment Management Agreement, except where attributable to gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or reckless disregard of such person’s duties under the Investment Management Agreement. These protections may lead our Advisor to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.


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If we are unable to manage our future growth effectively, we may be unable to achieve our investment objective, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition and cause the value of your investment in us to decline.
 
Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our ability to achieve and sustain growth, which depends, in turn, on our Advisor’s direct origination capabilities and disciplined underwriting process in identifying, evaluating, financing, investing in and monitoring suitable companies that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of our Advisor’s marketing capabilities, management of the investment process, ability to provide efficient services and access to financing sources on acceptable terms. In addition to monitoring the performance of our existing investments, our Advisor may also be called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These demands on their time may distract them or slow the rate of investment. If we fail to manage our future growth effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected and the value of your investment in us could decrease.
 
Our Board may change our operating policies and strategies, including our investment objective, without prior notice or stockholder approval, the effects of which may adversely affect our business.
 
Our Board may modify or waive our current operating policies and strategies, including our investment objective, without prior notice and without stockholder approval (provided that no such modification or waiver may change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC as provided by the 1940 Act without stockholder approval at a special meeting called upon written notice of not less than ten or more than sixty days before the date of such meeting). We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies would have on our business, results of operations or financial condition or on the value of our stock. However, the effects of any changes might adversely affect our business, any or all of which could negatively impact our ability to pay dividends or cause you to lose all or part of your investment in us.
 
Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate due to the nature of our business.
 
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly and annual operating results due to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: our ability to make investments in companies that meet our investment criteria; the interest rate payable on our loans; the default rate on these investments; the level of our expenses, variations in, and the timing of, the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses; and the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. For example, we have historically experienced greater investment activity during the second and fourth quarters relative to other periods. As a result of these factors, you should not rely on the results for any prior period as being indicative of our performance in future periods.
 
Our business plan and growth strategy depends to a significant extent upon our Advisor’s referral relationships. If our Advisor is unable to develop new or maintain existing relationships, or if these relationships fail to generate investment opportunities, our business could be materially adversely affected.
 
We have historically depended on our Advisor’s referral relationships to generate investment opportunities. For us to achieve our future business objectives, members of our Advisor need to maintain these relationships with venture capital and private equity firms and management teams and legal firms, accounting firms, investment banks and other lenders, and we rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with investment opportunities. If they fail to maintain their existing relationships or develop new relationships with other firms or sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, persons with whom our Advisor has relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will lead to the origination of debt or other investments.
 
Our Advisor can resign on 60 days’ notice and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
Under the Investment Management Agreement, our Advisor has the right to resign at any time, including during the first two years following the Investment Management Agreement’s effective date, upon not more than 60 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If our Advisor resigns, we may not be able to


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find a new investment advisor or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 60 days, or at all. If we are unable to do so, our operations are likely to be disrupted, our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay distributions may be adversely affected and the market price of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management and investment activities is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by our Advisor and its affiliates. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, the integration of new management and their lack of familiarity with our investment objective may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted.
 
As a BDC, we are prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our independent directors and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities is considered our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act. We are generally prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to an affiliate, absent the prior approval of our independent directors. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with an affiliate, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of our independent directors. If a person acquires more than 25% of our voting securities, we are prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to that person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with those persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates.
 
We incur significant costs as a result of being a publicly traded company.
 
As a publicly traded company, we incur legal, accounting and other expenses, including costs associated with the periodic reporting requirements applicable to a company whose securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as well as additional corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes Oxley Act”), and other rules implemented by the SEC.
 
Efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may adversely affect us and the market price of our common stock.
 
Under current SEC rules, we are required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules and regulations of the SEC. As a result, we incur additional expenses that may negatively impact our financial performance and our ability to make distributions. This process also results in a diversion of management’s time and attention. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations, and we may not be able to ensure that the process is effective or that our internal control over financial reporting is or will be effective in a timely manner. In the event that we are unable to maintain or achieve compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we and the market price of our securities may be adversely affected.
 
Terrorist attacks and other catastrophic events may disrupt the businesses in which we invest and harm our operations and our profitability.
 
Terrorist attacks and threats, escalation of military activity or acts of war may significantly harm our results of operations and your investment. We cannot assure you that there will not be further terrorist attacks against the United States or United States businesses. Such attacks or armed conflicts in the United States or elsewhere may impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly, by undermining economic conditions in the United States or elsewhere. In addition, because many of our portfolio companies operate and rely on network infrastructure and enterprise applications and internal technology systems for development, marketing, operational, support and other business activities, a disruption or failure of any or all of these systems in the event of a major telecommunications failure, cyber-attack, fire, earthquake, severe weather conditions or other catastrophic event


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could cause system interruptions, delays in product development and loss of critical data and could otherwise disrupt their business operations. Losses resulting from terrorist attacks are generally uninsurable.
 
Risks Related to our Investments
 
We have not yet identified many of the potential investment opportunities for our portfolio.
 
We have not yet identified many of the potential investment opportunities for our portfolio. Our future investments will be selected by our Advisor, subject to the approval of its investment committee. Our stockholders do not have input into our Advisor’s investment decisions. As a result, our stockholders are unable to evaluate any of our future portfolio company investments. These factors increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our securities.
 
We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we generally are not limited with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.
 
We are classified as a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, which means that we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer, excluding limitations on stake holdings in investment companies. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, our net asset value may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. Beyond our income tax diversification requirements, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our investments could be concentrated in relatively few portfolio companies.
 
If our investments do not meet our performance expectations, you may not receive distributions.
 
We intend to make distributions of income on a quarterly basis to our stockholders. We may not be able to achieve operating results that will allow us to make distributions at a specific level or increase the amount of these distributions from time to time. In addition, due to the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions. See “Regulation.” Also, restrictions and provisions in any existing or future credit facilities may limit our ability to make distributions. If we do not distribute a certain percentage of our income annually, we will suffer adverse tax consequences, including failure to obtain, or possible loss of, the federal income tax benefits allowable to RICs.
 
Most of our portfolio companies will need additional capital, which may not be readily available.
 
Our portfolio companies typically require substantial additional financing to satisfy their continuing working capital and other capital requirements and service the interest and principal payments on our investments. We cannot predict the circumstances or market conditions under which our portfolio companies will seek additional capital. Each round of institutional equity financing is typically intended to provide a company with only enough capital to reach the next stage of development. It is possible that one or more of our portfolio companies will not be able to raise additional financing or may be able to do so only at a price or on terms that are unfavorable to the portfolio company, either of which would negatively impact our investment returns. Some of these companies may be unable to obtain sufficient financing from private investors, public capital markets or lenders, thereby requiring these companies to cease or curtail business operations. Accordingly, investing in these types of companies generally entails a higher risk of loss than investing in companies that do not have significant incremental capital raising requirements.
 
Economic recessions or downturns could adversely affect our business and that of our portfolio companies which may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
General economic conditions may affect our activities and the operation and value of our portfolio companies. Economic slowdowns or recessions may result in a decrease of institutional equity investment, which would limit our lending opportunities. Furthermore, many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic


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slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay our loans during these periods. Therefore, our non-performing assets are likely to increase and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions may also decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions could also increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us.
 
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the loans that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to recover our investment upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company. These events could harm our financial condition and operating results.
 
Our investment strategy focuses on investments in development-stage companies in our Target Industries, which are subject to many risks, including volatility, intense competition, shortened product life cycles and periodic downturns, and are typically rated below “investment grade.”
 
We intend to invest, under normal circumstances, most of the value of our total assets (including the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in development-stage companies, which may have relatively limited operating histories, in our Target Industries. Many of these companies may have narrow product lines and small market shares, compared to larger established publicly-owned firms, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. The revenues, income (or losses) and valuations of development-stage companies in our Target Industries can and often do fluctuate suddenly and dramatically. For these reasons, investments in our portfolio companies, if rated by one or more ratings agency, would typically be rated below “investment grade,” which refers to securities rated by ratings agencies below the four highest rating categories. These companies may also have more limited access to capital and higher funding costs. In addition, development-stage technology markets are generally characterized by abrupt business cycles and intense competition, and the competitive environment can change abruptly due to rapidly evolving technology. Therefore, our portfolio companies may face considerably more risk than companies in other industry sectors. Accordingly, these factors could impair their cash flow or result in other events, such as bankruptcy, which could limit their ability to repay their obligations to us and may materially adversely affect the return on, or the recovery of, our investments in these businesses.
 
Because of rapid technological change, the average selling prices of products and some services provided by development-stage companies in our Target Industries have historically decreased over their productive lives. These decreases could adversely affect their operating results and cash flow, their ability to meet obligations under their debt securities and the value of their equity securities. This could, in turn, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Any unrealized depreciation we experience on our loan portfolio may be an indication of future realized losses, which could reduce our income available for distribution.
 
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at fair value which shall be the market value of our investments or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures approved by our Board in accordance with our valuation policy. We are not permitted to maintain a reserve for loan losses. Decreases in the fair values of our investments are recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized depreciation in our loan portfolio could be an indication of a portfolio company’s inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to the affected loans. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately reduces our income available for distribution in future periods.
 
If the assets securing the loans we make decrease in value, we may not have sufficient collateral to cover losses and may experience losses upon foreclosure.
 
We believe our portfolio companies generally are and will be able to repay our loans from their available capital, from future capital-raising transactions or from cash flow from operations. However, to mitigate our credit


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risks, we typically take a security interest in all or a portion of the assets of our portfolio companies, including the equity interests of their subsidiaries. There is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to appraise or sell in a timely manner and may fluctuate in value based upon the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of a portfolio company to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, our lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration of a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration of the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, although such loan is secured, we may not receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms and the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to recover our investment should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
 
In addition, because we invest in development-stage companies in our Target Industries, a substantial portion of the assets securing our investment may be in the form of intellectual property, if any, inventory, equipment, cash and accounts receivables. Intellectual property, if any, which secures a loan, could lose value if the company’s rights to the intellectual property are challenged or if the company’s license to the intellectual property is revoked or expires. In addition, in lieu of a security interest in a portfolio company’s intellectual property, we may sometimes obtain a security interest in all assets of the portfolio company other than intellectual property and also obtain a commitment by the portfolio company not to grant liens to any other creditor on the company’s intellectual property. In these cases, we may have additional difficulty recovering our principal in the event of a foreclosure. Similarly, any equipment securing our loan may not provide us with the anticipated security if there are changes in technology or advances in new equipment that render the particular equipment obsolete or of limited value or if the company fails to adequately maintain or repair the equipment. Any one or more of the preceding factors could materially impair our ability to recover principal in a foreclosure.
 
We may choose to waive or defer enforcement of covenants in the debt securities held in our portfolio, which may cause us to lose all or part of our investment in these companies.
 
We structure the debt investments in our portfolio companies to include business and financial covenants placing affirmative and negative obligations on the operation of the company’s business and its financial condition. However, from time to time we may elect to waive breaches of these covenants, including our right to payment, or waive or defer enforcement of remedies, such as acceleration of obligations or foreclosure on collateral, depending upon the financial condition and prospects of the particular portfolio company. These actions may reduce the likelihood of our receiving the full amount of future payments of interest or principal and be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of the underlying collateral as many of these companies may have limited financial resources, may be unable to meet future obligations and may go bankrupt. These events could harm our financial condition and operating results.
 
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business, and if we need to sell any of our investments, we may not be able to do so at a favorable price. As a result, we may suffer losses.
 
We plan to generally invest in loans with terms of up to four years and hold such investments until maturity, unless earlier prepaid, and we do not expect that our related holdings of equity securities will provide us with liquidity opportunities in the near-term. We expect to primarily invest in companies whose securities are not publicly-traded, and whose securities are subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or are otherwise less liquid than publicly-traded securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. We may also face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a public portfolio company to the extent that we possess material non-public information regarding the portfolio company. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments. As a result, we do not expect to dispose of our investments in the near term. However, we may be required to do so in order to maintain our qualification as a BDC and as a RIC if we do not satisfy one or more of the applicable criteria under the respective regulatory frameworks. Because most of our investments are illiquid, we may be unable to dispose of them, in which case we could fail to qualify as a RIC and/or BDC, or we may not be able to dispose of them at favorable prices, and as a result, we may suffer losses.


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Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
 
We plan to invest primarily in loans issued by our portfolio companies. Some of our portfolio companies are permitted to have other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our loans in the portfolio company. By their terms, these debt instruments may provide that the holders thereof are entitled to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of our loans. These debt instruments may prohibit the portfolio companies from paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event of, and during, the continuance of a default under the debt instruments. In addition, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any payment in respect of our investment. After repaying senior creditors, a portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with our loans, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy.
 
There may be circumstances where our loans could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
 
Even though certain of our investments are structured as senior loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize our debt investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. We may also be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with respect to a portfolio company’s business, including in rendering significant managerial assistance, or instances where we exercise control over the portfolio company.
 
An investment strategy focused primarily on privately held companies presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies, a dependence on the talents and efforts of only a few key portfolio company personnel and a greater vulnerability to economic downturns.
 
We currently invest, and plan to invest, primarily in privately held companies. Generally, very little public information exists about these companies, and we are required to rely on the ability of our Advisor to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. Also, privately held companies frequently have less diverse product lines and a smaller market presence than larger competitors. Thus, they are generally more vulnerable to economic downturns and may experience substantial variations in operating results. These factors could affect our investment returns.
 
In addition, our success depends, in large part, upon the abilities of the key management personnel of our portfolio companies, who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of our portfolio companies. Competition for qualified personnel is intense at any stage of a company’s development. The loss of one or more key managers can hinder or delay a company’s implementation of its business plan and harm its financial condition. Our portfolio companies may not be able to attract and retain qualified managers and personnel. Any inability to do so may negatively affect our investment returns.
 
Prepayments of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return on equity.
 
We are subject to the risk that the investments we make in our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. For example, most of our debt investments have historically been repaid prior to maturity by our portfolio companies. At the time of a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business, refinancing or public offering, many of our portfolio companies have availed themselves of the opportunity to repay our loans prior to maturity. Our investments generally allow for repayment at any time subject to certain penalties. When this occurs, we generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in new portfolio companies. These temporary investments have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid, and we could experience significant delays in


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reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our portfolio companies elects to prepay amounts owed to us. Additionally, prepayments could negatively impact our return on equity, which could result in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
 
Our business and growth strategy could be adversely affected if government regulations, priorities and resources impacting the industries in which our portfolio companies operate change.
 
Some of our portfolio companies operate in industries that are highly regulated by federal, state and/or local agencies. Changes in existing laws, rules or regulations, or judicial or administrative interpretations thereof, or new laws, rules or regulations could have an adverse impact on the business and industries of our portfolio companies. In addition, changes in government priorities or limitations on government resources could also adversely impact our portfolio companies. We are unable to predict whether any such changes in laws, rules or regulations will occur and, if they do occur, the impact of these changes on our portfolio companies and our investment returns.
 
Our portfolio companies operating in the life science industry are subject to extensive government regulation and certain other risks particular to that industry.
 
As part of our investment strategy, we have invested, and plan to invest in the future, in companies in the life science industry that are subject to extensive regulation by the Food and Drug Administration and to a lesser extent, other federal and state agencies. If any of these portfolio companies fail to comply with applicable regulations, they could be subject to significant penalties and claims that could materially and adversely affect their operations. Portfolio companies that produce medical devices or drugs are subject to the expense, delay and uncertainty of the regulatory approval process for their products and, even if approved, these products may not be accepted in the marketplace. In addition, new laws, regulations or judicial interpretations of existing laws and regulations might adversely affect a portfolio company in this industry. Portfolio companies in the life science industry may also have a limited number of suppliers of necessary components or a limited number of manufacturers for their products, and therefore face a risk of disruption to their manufacturing process if they are unable to find alternative suppliers when needed. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect the operations of a portfolio company in this industry and, in turn, impair our ability to timely collect principal and interest payments owed to us.
 
If our portfolio companies are unable to commercialize their technologies, products, business concepts or services, the returns on our investments could be adversely affected.
 
The value of our investments in our portfolio companies may decline if our portfolio companies are not able to commercialize their technology, products, business concepts or services. Additionally, although some of our portfolio companies may already have a commercially successful product or product line at the time of our investment, technology-related products and services often have a more limited market or life span than products in other industries. Thus, the ultimate success of these companies often depends on their ability to continually innovate in increasingly competitive markets. If they are unable to do so, our investment returns could be adversely affected and their ability to service their debt obligations to us over the life of the loan could be impaired. Our portfolio companies may be unable to successfully acquire or develop any new technologies and the intellectual property they currently hold may not remain viable. Even if our portfolio companies are able to develop commercially viable products, the market for new products and services is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Neither our portfolio companies nor we have any control over the pace of technology development. Commercial success is difficult to predict, and the marketing efforts of our portfolio companies may not be successful.
 
If our portfolio companies are unable to protect their intellectual property rights, our business and prospects could be harmed, and if portfolio companies are required to devote significant resources to protecting their intellectual property rights, the value of our investment could be reduced.
 
Our future success and competitive position depends in part upon the ability of our portfolio companies to obtain, maintain and protect proprietary technology used in their products and services. The intellectual property held by our portfolio companies often represents a substantial portion of the collateral securing our investments and/or constitutes a significant portion of the portfolio companies’ value that may be available in a downside


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scenario to repay our loans. Our portfolio companies rely, in part, on patent, trade secret and trademark law to protect that technology, but competitors may misappropriate their intellectual property, and disputes as to ownership of intellectual property may arise. Portfolio companies may, from time to time, be required to institute litigation to enforce their patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, protect their trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or defend against claims of infringement. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Similarly, if a portfolio company is found to infringe or misappropriate a third party’s patent or other proprietary rights, it could be required to pay damages to the third party, alter its products or processes, obtain a license from the third party and/or cease activities utilizing the proprietary rights, including making or selling products utilizing the proprietary rights. Any of the foregoing events could negatively affect both the portfolio company’s ability to service our debt investment and the value of any related debt and equity securities that we own, as well as the value of any collateral securing our investment.
 
We do not expect to control any of our portfolio companies.
 
We do not control, or expect to control in the future, any of our portfolio companies, even though our debt agreements may contain certain restrictive covenants that limit the business and operations of our portfolio companies. We also do not maintain, or intend to maintain in the future, a control position to the extent we own equity interests in any portfolio company. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which we invest may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity of the investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company and we may therefore, suffer a decrease in the value of our investments.
 
Risks Related to Offerings Under This Prospectus
 
There is a risk that investors in our equity securities may not receive dividends or that our dividends may not grow over time and that investors in our debt securities may not receive all of the interest income to which they are entitled.
 
We intend to make distributions on a quarterly basis to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. In addition, due to the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions. Further, if we invest a greater amount of assets in equity securities that do not pay current dividends, it could reduce the amount available for distribution. See “Price Range of Common Stock and Distributions.”
 
We cannot assure you that the market price of shares of our common stock will not decline.
 
Prior to our IPO, there was no public trading market for our common stock. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade. Shares of closed-end management investment companies have in the past frequently traded at discounts to their net asset values and our common stock has been and may continue to be discounted in the market. This characteristic of closed-end management investment companies is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. We cannot predict whether shares of our common stock will trade above, at or below our net asset value. If our common stock trades below its net asset value, we will generally not be able to sell additional shares of our common stock to the public at its market price without first obtaining the approval of our stockholders (including our unaffiliated stockholders) and our independent directors.
 
Our common stock price may be volatile and may decrease substantially.
 
The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially and the liquidity of our common stock may be limited, in each case depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include the following:
 
  •  price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market or in the market for BDCs from time to time;
 
  •  investor demand for our shares of common stock;


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  •  significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of registered closed-end management investment companies, BDCs or other financial services companies;
 
  •  our inability to raise capital, borrow money or deploy or invest our capital;
 
  •  fluctuations in interest rates;
 
  •  any shortfall in revenue or net income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;
 
  •  operating performance of companies comparable to us;
 
  •  changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines with respect to RICs or BDCs;
 
  •  losing RIC status;
 
  •  actual or anticipated changes in our earnings or fluctuations in our operating results;
 
  •  changes in the value of our portfolio of investments;
 
  •  general economic conditions, trends and other external factors;
 
  •  departures of key personnel; or
 
  •  loss of a major source of funding.
 
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Due to the potential volatility of our stock price, we may therefore be the target of securities litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our business.
 
Shares of closed-end investment companies, including BDCs, frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value, and we cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not decline following an offering.
 
We cannot predict the price at which our common stock will trade. Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value and our stock may also be discounted in the market. This characteristic of closed-end investment companies is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. We cannot predict whether shares of our common stock will trade above, at or below our net asset value. In addition, if our common stock trades below its net asset value, we will generally not be able to issue additional shares of our common stock at its market price without first obtaining the approval of our stockholders and our independent directors.
 
We currently invest a portion of our capital in high-quality short-term investments, which generate lower rates of return than those expected from investments made in accordance with our investment objective.
 
We currently invest a portion of the net proceeds of our capital in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality short-term investments. These securities may earn yields substantially lower than the income that we anticipate receiving once these proceeds are fully invested in accordance with our investment objective.
 
Investing in shares of our common stock may involve an above average degree of risk.
 
The investments we make in accordance with our investment objective may result in a higher amount of risk, volatility or loss of principal than alternative investment options. Our investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and aggressive, and therefore, an investment in our common stock may not be suitable for investors with lower risk tolerance.


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We may allocate the net proceeds from an offering in ways with which you may not agree.
 
We have significant flexibility in investing the net proceeds of an offering and may use the net proceeds from an offering in ways with which you may not agree or for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of the offering.
 
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and other agreements and certain provisions of the DGCL could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
 
The Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us. Among other things, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws:
 
  •  provide for a classified board of directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our Board;
 
  •  authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our Board to thwart a takeover attempt;
 
  •  do not provide for cumulative voting;
 
  •  provide that vacancies on our Board, including newly created directorships, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office;
 
  •  limit the calling of special meetings of stockholders;
 
  •  provide that our directors may be removed only for cause;
 
  •  require supermajority voting to effect certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws; and
 
  •  require stockholders to provide advance notice of new business proposals and director nominations under specific procedures.
 
These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price of our common stock. Our WestLB Facility also contains a covenant that prohibits us from merging or consolidating with any other person or selling all or substantially all of our assets without the prior written consent of WestLB. If we were to engage in such a transaction without such consent, WestLB could accelerate our repayment obligations under, and/or terminate, our WestLB Facility. In addition, it is a default under our Wells Facility if (i) a person or group of persons (within the meaning of the Exchange Act) acquires beneficial ownership of 20% or more of our issued and outstanding stock or (ii) during any twelve month period individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted our Board cease for any reason, other than death or disability, to constitute a majority of the directors in office. If either event were to occur, Wells could accelerate our repayment obligations under, and/or terminate, our Wells Facility.
 
If we elect to issue preferred stock, holders of any such preferred stock will have the right to elect members of our Board and have class voting rights on certain matters.
 
The 1940 Act requires that holders of shares of preferred stock must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if dividends on such preferred stock are in arrears by two years or more, until such arrearage is eliminated. In addition, certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred stock, including changes in fundamental investment restrictions and conversion to open-end status and, accordingly, preferred stockholders could veto any such changes. Restrictions imposed on the declarations and payment of dividends or other distributions to the holders of our common stock and preferred stock, both by the 1940 Act and by requirements imposed by rating agencies, might impair our ability to maintain our qualification as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.


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Your interest in us may be diluted if you do not fully exercise your subscription rights in any rights offering. In addition, if the subscription price is less than our net asset value per share, then you will experience an immediate dilution of the aggregate net asset value of your shares.
 
In the event we issue subscription rights, stockholders who do not fully exercise their rights should expect that they will, at the completion of a rights offering pursuant to this prospectus, own a smaller proportional interest in us than would otherwise be the case if they fully exercised their rights. Such dilution is not currently determinable because it is not known what proportion of the shares will be purchased as a result of such rights offering. Any such dilution will disproportionately affect nonexercising stockholders. If the subscription price per share is substantially less than the current net asset value per share, this dilution could be substantial.
 
In addition, if the subscription price is less than our net asset value per share, our stockholders would experience an immediate dilution of the aggregate net asset value of their shares as a result of such rights offering. The amount of any decrease in net asset value is not predictable because it is not known at this time what the subscription price and net asset value per share will be on the expiration date of the rights offering or what proportion of the shares will be purchased as a result of such rights offering. Such dilution could be substantial.
 
Investors in offerings of our common stock may incur immediate dilution upon the closing of such offering.
 
If the public offering price for any offering of shares of our common stock is higher than the book value per share of our outstanding common stock, investors purchasing shares of common stock in any such offering pursuant to this prospectus will pay a price per share that exceeds the tangible book value per share after such offering.
 
If we sell common stock at a discount to our net asset value per share, stockholders who do not participate in such sale will experience immediate dilution in an amount that may be material.
 
The issuance or sale by us of shares of our common stock at a discount to net asset value poses a risk of dilution to our stockholders. In particular, stockholders who do not purchase additional shares at or below the discounted price in proportion to their current ownership will experience an immediate decrease in net asset value per share (as well as in the aggregate net asset value of their shares if they do not participate at all). These stockholders will also experience a disproportionately greater decrease in their participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than the increase we experience in our assets, potential earning power and voting interests from such issuance or sale. In addition, such sales may adversely affect the price at which our common stock trades. See “Sales of Common Stock Below Net Asset Value.”
 
Stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage if they do not participate in our dividend reinvestment plan.
 
All dividends payable to stockholders that are participants in our dividend reinvestment plan are automatically reinvested in shares of our common stock. As a result, stockholders that do not participate in the dividend reinvestment plan will experience dilution over time.
 
The trading market or market value of our publicly issued debt securities that we may issue may fluctuate.
 
Upon issuance, any publicly issued debt securities that we may issue will not have an established trading market. We cannot assure you that a trading market for our publicly issued debt securities will ever develop or, if developed, will be maintained. In addition to our creditworthiness, many factors may materially adversely affect the trading market for, and market value of, our publicly issued debt securities. These factors include:
 
  •  the time remaining to the maturity of these debt securities;
 
  •  the outstanding principal amount of debt securities with terms identical to these debt securities;
 
  •  the supply of debt securities trading in the secondary market, if any;
 
  •  the redemption or repayment features, if any, of these debt securities;


33


 

 
  •  the level, direction and volatility of market interest rates generally; and
 
  •  market rates of interest higher or lower than rates borne by the debt securities.
 
You should also be aware that there may be a limited number of buyers when you decide to sell your debt securities. This too may materially adversely affect the market value of the debt securities or the trading market for the debt securities.
 
Terms relating to redemption may materially adversely affect your return on the debt securities that we may issue.
 
If we issue debt securities that are redeemable at our option, we may choose to redeem the debt securities at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on the debt securities. In addition, if such debt securities are subject to mandatory redemption, we may be required to redeem the debt securities at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on the debt securities. In this circumstance, you may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as your debt securities being redeemed.
 
Our credit ratings may not reflect all risks of an investment in debt securities that we may issue.
 
Our credit ratings are an assessment by third parties of our ability to pay our obligations. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of debt securities that we may issue. Our credit ratings, however, may not reflect the potential impact of risks related to market conditions generally or other factors discussed above on the market value of or trading market for any publicly issued debt securities that we may issue.
 
Subsequent sales in the public market of substantial amounts of our common stock may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
 
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the availability of shares for sale, including those registered pursuant to this Registration Statement, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock. If this occurs and continues, it could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities should we desire to do so.


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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
In addition to factors previously identified elsewhere in this prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance:
 
  •  our future operating results, including the performance of our existing loans and warrants;
 
  •  the introduction, withdrawal, success and timing of business initiatives and strategies;
 
  •  changes in political, economic or industry conditions, the interest rate environment or financial and capital markets, which could result in changes in the value of our assets;
 
  •  the relative and absolute investment performance and operations of our Advisor;
 
  •  the impact of increased competition;
 
  •  the impact of investments we intend to make and future acquisitions and divestitures;
 
  •  the unfavorable resolution of legal proceedings;
 
  •  our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;
 
  •  the projected performance of other funds managed by our Advisor;
 
  •  the impact, extent and timing of technological changes and the adequacy of intellectual property protection;
 
  •  our regulatory structure and tax status;
 
  •  the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital;
 
  •  the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies;
 
  •  the impact of interest rate volatility on our results, particularly because we use leverage as part of our investment strategy;
 
  •  the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
 
  •  our ability to cause a subsidiary to become a licensed SBIC;
 
  •  the impact of legislative and regulatory actions and reforms and regulatory, supervisory or enforcement actions of government agencies relating to us or our Advisor;
 
  •  our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;
 
  •  our ability to access capital and any future financings by us;
 
  •  the ability of our Advisor to attract and retain highly talented professionals; and
 
  •  the impact of changes to tax legislation and, generally, our tax position.
 
This prospectus, and other statements that we may make, may contain forward-looking statements with respect to future financial or business performance, strategies or expectations. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or similar expressions.
 
Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we assume no duty to and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements do not meet the safe harbor for forward-looking statements pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.


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USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Unless otherwise specified in any prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities for investment in portfolio companies in accordance with our investment objective and strategies as described in this prospectus and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The supplement to this prospectus relating to an offering will more fully identify the use of proceeds from such offering. We estimate that it will take up to 6 months for us to substantially invest the net proceeds of any offering made pursuant to this prospectus, depending on the availability of attractive opportunities and market conditions. However, we can offer no assurances that we will be able to achieve this goal. Pending such use, we will invest the remaining net proceeds of this offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities and high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less from the date of investment. These temporary investments may have lower yields than our other investments and, accordingly, may result in lower distributions, if any, during such period. See “Regulation — Temporary Investments” for additional information about temporary investments we may make while waiting to make longer-term investments in pursuit of our investment objective. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of our common stock by the selling stockholders.


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PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTIONS
 
Our common stock is traded on NASDAQ, under the symbol “HRZN.” The following table sets forth, for each fiscal quarter since our IPO, the range of high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported on NASDAQ, the sales price as a percentage of our net asset value and the distributions declared by us for each fiscal quarter.
 
                                                 
            Premium/
  Premium/
   
            discount of
  Discount of
   
            High Sales
  Low Sales
   
            Price to
  Price to
  Cash
    Net Asset
      Net Asset
  Net Asset
  Distributions
    Value(1)   Closing Sales Price   Value(2)   Value(2)   per Share(3)
        High   Low            
 
Year ended December 31, 2011
                                               
Fourth Quarter(4)
  $ *     $ 16.27     $ 14.40       * %     * %   $ *  
Third Quarter
  $ 17.36     $ 16.25     $ 13.88       94 %     80 %   $ 0.45  
Second Quarter
  $ 17.40     $ 16.17     $ 15.21       93 %     87 %   $ 0.40  
First Quarter
  $ 17.23     $ 16.25     $ 14.90       94 %     86 %   $ 0.33  
Year ended December 31, 2010
                                               
Fourth Quarter(5)
  $ 16.75     $ 15.59     $ 13.83       93 %     83 %   $ 0.22  
 
 
(1) Net asset value per share is determined as of the last day in the relevant quarter and therefore may not reflect the net asset value per share on the date of the high and low sales prices. The net asset values shown are based on outstanding shares at the end of each period.
 
(2) Calculated as the respective high or low sales price divided by net asset value.
 
(3) Represents the distribution declared for the specified quarter. We have adopted an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a distribution, then stockholders’ cash distributions are automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, unless they specifically opt out of the dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash distributions. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
 
(4) From October 1, 2011 to December 13, 2011.
 
(5) From October 29, 2010 (initial public offering) to December 31, 2010.
 
* Not yet determined at the time of filing.
 
The last reported price for our common stock on December 13, 2011 was $15.89 per share. As of December 13, 2011, we had four stockholders of record, which does not include stockholders for whom shares are held in nominee or “street” name.
 
Shares of BDCs may trade at a market price that is less than the net asset value that is attributable to those shares. The possibility that our shares of common stock will trade at a discount from net asset value or at a premium that is unsustainable over the long term is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value will decrease. It is not possible to predict whether our shares will trade at, above or below net asset value in the future.
 
We intend to continue making quarterly distributions to our stockholders. The timing and amount of our quarterly distributions, if any, is determined by our Board. Any distributions to our stockholders are declared out of assets legally available for distribution. We monitor available net investment income to determine if a tax return of capital may occur for the fiscal year. To the extent our taxable earnings fall below the total amount of our distributions for any given fiscal year, a portion of those distributions may be deemed to be a return of capital to our common stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the source of a distribution to our stockholders may be the original capital invested by the stockholder rather than our income or gains. Stockholders should read any written disclosure accompanying a dividend payment carefully and should not assume that the source of any distribution is our ordinary income or gains.
 
To maintain RIC status, we must, among other things, meet the Annual Distribution Requirement. Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income. Distributions of any such carryover taxable income must be made through a dividend declared prior to filing the final tax return related to the year in which such taxable income was generated in order to count towards the satisfaction of the Annual


37


 

Distribution Requirement in the year in which such income was generated. We may, in the future, make actual distributions to our stockholders of our net capital gains. We can offer no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions and, if we issue senior securities, we may be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes us to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the 1940 Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of our borrowings. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
 
In January 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) extended a revenue procedure that temporarily allows a RIC to distribute its own stock as a dividend for the purpose of fulfilling its distribution requirements. Pursuant to this revenue procedure, a RIC may treat a distribution of its own stock as a dividend if (1) the stock is publicly traded on an established securities market, (2) the distribution is declared on or before December 31, 2012 with respect to a taxable year ending on or before December 31, 2011 and (3) each stockholder may elect to receive his or her entire distribution in either cash or stock of the RIC subject to a limitation on the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed to all stockholders, which must be at least 10% of the aggregate declared distribution. If too many stockholders elect to receive cash, each stockholder electing to receive cash will receive a pro rata amount of cash (with the balance of the distribution paid in stock). In no event will any stockholder electing to receive cash receive less than 10% of his or her entire distribution in cash. We have not elected to distribute stock as a dividend but reserve the right to do so.
 
In order to qualify as a RIC and to avoid corporate level tax on the income we distribute to our stockholders, we are required under the Code to distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to our stockholders on an annual basis. Additionally, we must distribute at least 98% of our ordinary income and 98% (or, for our taxable years beginning in 2011, 98.2%) of our capital gain net income on an annual basis and any net ordinary income and net capital gains for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which we previously paid no U.S. federal income tax to avoid a U.S. federal excise tax. If we do not distribute a certain percentage of our income annually, we will suffer adverse tax consequences, including the possible loss of our qualification as a RIC. We cannot assure stockholders that they will receive any distributions.
 
We have adopted an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a distribution, then stockholders’ cash distributions are automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock unless a stockholder specifically opts out of our dividend reinvestment plan. If a stockholder opts out, that stockholder receives cash distributions. Although distributions paid in the form of additional shares of our common stock are generally subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes in the same manner as cash distributions, stockholders participating in our dividend reinvestment plan do not receive any corresponding cash distributions with which to pay any such applicable taxes.


38


 

 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
In this section, except where the context suggests otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and “Horizon Technology Finance” refer to Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this registration statement on Form N-2. For periods prior to October 28, 2010, the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes reflect the performance of our predecessor, Compass Horizon, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Horizon Credit I LLC, both of which were formed in January 2008 and commenced operations in March 2008. Amounts are stated in thousands, except shares and per share data and where otherwise noted. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by forward-looking information due to factors discussed under “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” appearing elsewhere herein.
 
Overview
 
We are a specialty finance company that lends to and invests in development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech industries. Our investment objective is to generate current income from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such loans. We make Venture Loans to companies backed by established venture capital and private equity firms in our Target Industries. We also selectively lend to publicly traded companies in our Target Industries.
 
We are an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. As a BDC, we are required to comply with regulatory requirements, including limitations on our use of debt. We are permitted to, and expect to, finance our investments through borrowings. However, as a BDC, we are only generally allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such borrowing.
 
Compass Horizon, our predecessor company, commenced operation in March 2008. We were formed in March 2010 for the purpose of acquiring Compass Horizon and continuing its business as a public entity.
 
Portfolio Composition and Investment Activity
 
The following table shows our portfolio by asset class as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
 
                                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
                % of
                % of
 
    # of
    Fair
    Total
    # of
    Fair
    Total
 
    Investments     Value     Portfolio     Investments     Value     Portfolio  
    ($ in thousands)  
 
Term loans
    35     $ 170,187       94.5 %     31     $ 127,949       93.5 %
Revolving loans
    1       2,933       1.6 %                  
Equipment loans
    1       1,282       0.7 %     1       2,285       1.6 %
                                                 
Total loans
    37       174,402       96.8 %     32       130,234       95.1 %
                                                 
Warrants
    48       5,091       2.8 %     43       6,225       4.6 %
Equity
    2       693       0.4 %     2       351       0.3 %
                                                 
Total
          $ 180,186       100.0 %           $ 136,810       100.0 %
                                                 


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Total portfolio investment activity for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was as follows:
 
                                 
    For the Three Months Ended     For the Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
    September 30,
 
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
          ($ in thousands)        
 
Beginning portfolio
  $ 186,029     $ 143,008     $ 136,810     $ 113,878  
New loan funding
    7,000       15,000       86,833       75,517  
Less refinanced balances
                (8,677 )     (10,909 )
                                 
Net new loan funding
    7,000       15,000       78,156       64,608  
                                 
Principal and stock payments received on investments
    (8,559 )     (11,278 )     (22,666 )     (28,104 )
Early pay-offs
    (4,315 )     (9,777 )     (9,908 )     (13,231 )
Accretion of loan fees
    527       451       1,356       934  
New loan fees
    (40 )     (134 )     (967 )     (651 )
New equity investments
          79       577       79  
Net depreciation on investments
    (456 )     1,654       (3,172 )     1,490  
                                 
Ending portfolio
  $ 180,186     $ 139,003     $ 180,186     $ 139,003  
                                 
 
We receive payments in our loan portfolio based on scheduled amortization of the outstanding balances. In addition, we receive repayments of some of our loans prior to their scheduled maturity date. The frequency or volume of these repayments may fluctuate significantly from period to period.
 
The following table shows our debt investments by industry sector as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
 
                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Loans at
    Percentage
    Loans at
    Percentage
 
    Fair
    of Total
    Fair
    of Total
 
    Value     Portfolio     Value     Portfolio  
          ($ in thousands)        
 
Life Science
                               
Biotechnology
  $ 28,118       16.1 %   $ 30,470       23.4 %
Medical Device
    26,499       15.2 %     19,572       15.0 %
Technology
                               
Consumer-related Technologies
    2,574       1.5 %     4,460       3.4 %
Networking
    1,282       0.7 %     2,285       1.8 %
Semiconductors
    9,739       5.6 %           0.0 %
Software
    23,719       13.6 %     8,745       6.7 %
Data Storage
    4,929       2.8 %     7,912       6.1 %
Communications
    5,648       3.2 %     7,591       5.9 %
Cleantech
                               
Energy Efficiency
    25,479       14.6 %     16,570       12.7 %
Waste Recycling
    4,889       2.8 %     2,363       1.8 %
Healthcare Information and Services
                               
Diagnostics
    22,584       13.0 %     20,472       15.7 %
Other Healthcare Related Services and Technologies
    18,942       10.9 %     9,794       7.5 %
                                 
Total
  $ 174,402       100.0 %   $ 130,234       100.0 %
                                 


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The largest loans may vary from year to year as new loans are recorded and repaid. Our five largest loans represented approximately 27% and 31% of total loans outstanding as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. No single loan represented more than 10% of our total loans as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
 
As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, interest receivable was $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively, which represents one month of accrued interest income on loans. The increase in 2011 was due to a larger loan portfolio relative to 2010.
 
Loan Portfolio Asset Quality
 
We use a credit rating system which rates each loan on a scale of 4 to 1, with 4 being the highest credit quality rating and 3 being the rating for a standard level of risk. A rating of 2 or 1 represents a deteriorating credit quality and increased risk. The following table shows the classification of our loan portfolio by credit rating as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
 
                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Loans at
    Percentage
    Loans at
    Percentage
 
    Fair
    of Loan
    Fair
    of Loan
 
    Value     Portfolio     Value     Portfolio  
    ($ in thousands)  
 
Credit Rating
                               
4
  $ 34,161       19.6 %   $ 29,054       22.3 %
3
    126,168       72.3 %     94,200       72.3 %
2
    14,073       8.1 %     6,980       5.4 %
1
                       
                                 
Total
  $ 174,402       100.0 %   $ 130,234       100.0 %
                                 
 
As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our loan portfolio had a weighted average credit rating of 3.2. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, no investments were on non-accrual status.
 
Results of Operations
 
The consolidated results of operations set forth below include historical financial information of our predecessor, Compass Horizon, prior to our election to become a BDC and our election to be treated as a RIC. As a BDC and a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we are also subject to certain constraints on our operations, including limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the Code. Also, the management fee that we pay to our Advisor under the Investment Management Agreement is determined by reference to a formula that differs materially from the management fee paid by Compass Horizon in prior periods. For these and other reasons set forth below, the results of operations described below may not be indicative of the results we report in future periods.


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Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
 
Consolidated operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:
 
                 
    For the Three Months
 
    Ended September 30,  
    2011     2010  
    ($ in thousands)  
 
Total investment income
  $ 6,441     $ 5,189  
Total expenses
    3,448       1,932  
                 
Net investment income
    2,993       3,257  
Net realized loss on investments
    (17 )      
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments
    (217 )     1,711  
Credit for loan losses
          320  
                 
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
  $ 2,759     $ 5,288  
                 
Average debt investments, at fair value
  $ 180,951     $ 137,867  
                 
Average borrowings outstanding
  $ 80,871     $ 91,640  
                 
 
Net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2011 was $3.0 million or $0.39 per share. Excluding the impact of the reduction in the second part of the incentive fee expense of $0.2 million, net investment income totaled $2.8 million or $0.37 per share.
 
Investment Income
 
Investment income increased by $1.3 million, or 24.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, total investment income consisted primarily of $6.1 million in interest income from investments, which included $0.5 million in income from the amortization of discounts and origination fees on investments. Interest income on investments and other investment income increased primarily due to the increased average size of the loan portfolio. Fee income on investments was primarily comprised of prepayment fees collected from our portfolio companies. For the three months ended September 30, 2010, total investment income consisted primarily of $5.0 million in interest income from investments, which included $0.5 million in income from the amortization of discounts and origination fees on investments. For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, our dollar-weighted average annualized yield on average loans was approximately 14.2% and 15.0%, respectively.
 
Investment income, consisting of interest income and fees on loans, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of large loans. Interest income from the five largest loans accounted for approximately 27% and 31% of investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Expenses
 
Total expenses increased by $1.5 million, or 78.5%, to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010. Total operating expenses for each period consisted principally of management fees, incentive and administrative fees and interest expense and, to a lesser degree, professional fees and general and administrative expenses. Interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to the end of our WestLB Facility’s revolving term and the scheduled amortization of the remaining balance.
 
Effective with the completion of our IPO in October 2010, we pay management and incentive fees under the Investment Management Agreement, which provides a higher management fee base as compared to amounts previously paid by Compass Horizon. Base management fee expense for the three months ended September 30, 2011 increased by approximately $0.4 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to the higher management fee base. Incentive fees for the three months ended September 30, 2011 totaled


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approximately $0.6 million compared to no incentive fees for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The incentive fees for the three months ended September 30, 2011 consisted of approximately $0.7 million for part one of the incentive fee offset by a reduction of previously accrued part two incentive fees. In connection with the Administration Agreement, we incurred $0.4 million of administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2011. We did not pay an administrative servicing fee for the three months ended September 30, 2010.
 
Professional fees and general and administrative expenses include legal and audit fees, insurance premiums, and miscellaneous other expenses. These expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2011 increased by approximately $0.6 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to the increased cost of being a public company and the expensing of $0.2 million of previously capitalized costs related to our efforts to obtain a license to operate a SBIC.
 
Net Realized Gain (Loss) and Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)
 
Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the cost basis of our investments without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments charged off during the period, net of recoveries. The net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation primarily reflects the change in portfolio investment fair values during the reporting period, including the reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation when gains or losses are realized.
 
Consolidated Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
 
                 
    For the Nine Months
 
    Ended September 30,  
    2011     2010  
    ($ in thousands)  
 
Total investment income
  $ 17,871     $ 13,250  
Total expenses
    10,670       5,372  
                 
Net investment income
    7,201       7,878  
Net realized gain (loss) on investments
    5,544       (2 )
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments
    (2,535 )     1,549  
Credit for loan losses
          739  
                 
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
  $ 10,210     $ 10,164  
                 
Average debt investments, at fair value
  $ 162,623     $ 123,298  
                 
Average borrowings outstanding
  $ 82,606     $ 78,195  
                 
 
Net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $7.2 million or $0.95 per share. Excluding the impact of the capital gains incentive fee expense of $0.7 million, net investment income totaled $7.9 million or $1.04 per share.
 
Investment Income
 
Investment income increased by $4.6 million, or 34.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, total investment income consisted primarily of $16.9 million in interest income from investments, which included $1.3 million in income from the amortization of discounts and origination fees on investments. Interest income on investments and other investment income increased primarily due to the increased average size of the loan portfolio. Fee income on investments was primarily comprised of a one-time success fee received upon the completion of an acquisition of one of our portfolio companies and from prepayment fees collected from our portfolio companies. For the nine months ended September 30, 2010, total investment income consisted primarily of $12.9 million in interest income from investments, which included $0.9 million in income from the amortization of discounts and


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origination fees on investments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, our dollar-weighted average annualized yield on average loans was approximately 14.6% and 14.3%, respectively.
 
Investment income, consisting of interest income and fees on loans, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of large loans. Interest income from the five largest loans accounted for approximately 25% and 19% of investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Expenses
 
Total expenses increased by $5.3 million, or 98.6%, to $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010. Total operating expenses for each period consisted principally of management fees, incentive and administrative fees, interest expense and, to a lesser degree, professional fees and general and administrative expenses. Interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to the expiration of our WestLB Facility’s revolving term and the amortization of the remaining balance.
 
Effective with the completion of our IPO in October 2010, we pay management and incentive fees under the Investment Management Agreement, which provides a higher management fee base as compared to amounts previously paid by Compass Horizon. Base management fee expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 increased by approximately $1.4 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to the higher management fee base. Incentive fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 totaled approximately $2.7 million compared to no incentive fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The incentive fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 consisted of approximately $2.0 million and $0.7 million for part one and part two of the incentive fee, respectively. In connection with the Administration Agreement, we incurred $0.9 million of administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. We did not pay an administrative servicing fee for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
 
Professional fees and general and administrative expenses include legal and audit fees, insurance premiums and miscellaneous other expenses. These expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 increased by approximately $1.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to the increased cost of being a public company and the expensing of previously capitalized costs related to our efforts to obtain a license to operate a SBIC.
 
Net Realized Gain (Loss) and Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)
 
Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the cost basis of our investments without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments charged off during the period, net of recoveries. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation primarily reflects the change in portfolio investment fair values during the reporting period, including the reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation when gains or losses are realized.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, we had $5.5 million in net realized gain on investments. Net realized gain on investments resulted primarily from the sale of stock through the exercise of warrants in portfolio companies.
 
Credit for Loan Losses
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, the credit for loan losses was $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The loan portfolio had a weighted average credit rating of 3.1 as of September 30, 2010. See “— Loan Portfolio Asset Quality.” As of October 28, 2010, the date of our election to be treated as a BDC, we no longer record a credit or provision for loan losses. We record each individual loan and investment on a quarterly basis at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded through our statement of operations.


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Consolidated Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the Period from March 4, 2008 (Inception) to December 31, 2008
 
Compass Horizon, our predecessor for accounting purposes, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company in January 2008 and had limited operations through March 3, 2008. As a result, there is no period with which to compare our results of operations for the period from January 1, 2008 through March 3, 2008 or for the period from March 4, 2008 through December 31, 2008.
 
Consolidated operating results for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31, 2008 are as follows:
 
                         
    2010     2009     2008  
    ($ in thousands)  
 
Total investment income
  $ 18,207     $ 15,326     $ 7,021  
Total expenses
    7,823       6,769       4,031  
                         
Net investment income
    10,384       8,557       2,990  
Net realized gains
    680       138       22  
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments
    2,930       892       (73 )
Credit (provision) for loan losses
    739       (274 )     (1,650 )
                         
Net income
  $ 14,733     $ 9,313     $ 1,289  
                         
Average debt investments, at fair value
  $ 124,027     $ 109,561     $ 63,111  
                         
Average borrowings outstanding
  $ 77,174     $ 70,582     $ 37,010  
                         
 
Net income can vary substantially from period to period for various reasons, including the recognition of realized gains and losses and unrealized appreciation and depreciation. As a result, annual comparisons of net income may not be meaningful.
 
Investment Income
 
Investment income increased by $2.9 million, or 19.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. For the year ended December 31, 2010, total investment income consisted primarily of $17.4 million in interest income from investments, which included $1.4 million in income from the amortization of discounts and origination fees on investments. Interest income on investments and other investment income increased primarily due to the increased average size of the loan portfolio. Other investment income was primarily comprised of loan prepayment fees collected from our portfolio companies and increased primarily due to a higher number of prepayments in 2010.
 
Investment income increased by $8.3 million, or 118.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31, 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2009, total investment income consisted primarily of $14.9 million in interest income from investments, which included $1.0 million in income from the amortization of discounts and origination fees on investments. Interest income on investments and other investment income increased primarily due to (i) the increased average size of the loan portfolio and (ii) there being a full 12 months of income in 2009 compared to only 10 months in 2008 in light of when we commenced operations. Other investment income was primarily comprised of loan prepayment fees collected from our portfolio companies.
 
For the years ended December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 and the ten month period ended December 31, 2008, our dollar-weighted average annualized yield on average loans was approximately 14.6%, 13.9% and 12.7%, respectively. We compute the yield on average loans as (i) total investment interest and other investment income divided by (b) average gross loans receivable. We used month end loan balances during the period to compute average loans receivable. Since we commenced operations in March 2008, the results for the period ended December 31, 2008 were annualized.


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Investment income, consisting of interest income and fees on loans, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of large loans. Interest income from the five largest loans accounted for approximately 22%, 23% and 21% of investment income for the years ended December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31, 2008, respectively.
 
Expenses
 
Total expenses increased by $1.1 million, or 15.6%, to $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. Total expenses increased by $2.7 million, or 67.9%, to $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the period from March 4, 2008 to December 31, 2008.
 
Total operating expenses for each period consisted principally of management fees and interest expense and, to a lesser degree, professional fees and general and administrative expenses. Interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, increased in 2010 from 2009 primarily from higher average outstanding debt balances on the WestLB Facility. Interest expense increased in 2009 from the ten months ended December 31, 2008 primarily due to higher average outstanding debt balances on the WestLB Facility, partially offset by lower rates charged on the WestLB Facility due to a lower level of the WestLB Facility’s index rate, one-month LIBOR.
 
Effective with the completion of our IPO in October 2010, we now pay management and incentive fees under the Investment Management Agreement which provides a higher management fee base as compared to amounts previously paid by Compass Horizon. Management fee expense in 2010 increased compared to 2009 primarily due to an increase in the average loan portfolio in 2010 from 2009 and increased in 2009 compared to the ten months ended December 31, 2008 due to a full twelve months of expense in 2009 compared to only ten months in 2008. Incentive fees for the period since our IPO totaled approximately $414,000 compared to no incentives fees prior to the IPO.
 
In connection with the Administrative Agreement, we have incurred $88,000 for the period since our IPO through December 31, 2010. We did not pay an administrative servicing fee prior to our IPO.
 
Professional fees and general and administrative expenses include legal, accounting fees, insurance premiums and miscellaneous other expenses. These expenses increased in 2010 from 2009 primarily from the increased cost as a public company. These expenses increased in 2009 from the ten months ended December 31, 2008 primarily because of the longer period in 2009.
 
Net Realized Gains and Net Unrealized Appreciation and Depreciation
 
During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had $0.7 million and $0.1 million in net realized gains on investments, respectively. During the same periods, we had $2.9 million and $0.9 million in unrealized appreciation on investments, respectively. Net realized gain on warrants resulted from the sale of stock through the exercise of warrants in portfolio companies. For these periods, the net increase in unrealized appreciation on investments was primarily from our warrant investments. Net unrealized appreciation on warrants is the difference between the net changes in warrant fair values from the prior determination date and the reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation when gains or losses are realized. The increase in net unrealized appreciation on warrants in 2010 and 2009 is primarily due to an increase in the enterprise value of a number of private companies for which we hold warrants. In addition, the increased net appreciation on warrants is due to the increase in the share value of the public company warrants held.
 
Credit or Provision for Loan Losses
 
For the period from January 1, 2010 through October 28, 2010 the credit for loan losses was $0.7 million and for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008 to December 31, 2008 the provision for loan losses was $0.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The credit rose from December 31, 2009 through October 28, 2010 primarily due to improved portfolio asset quality during 2010 across all Credit Ratings within the loan portfolio. The loan portfolio had a weighted average credit rating of 3.1 and 2.9 as of October 28, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. See “— Loan Portfolio Asset Quality.” The decrease in the provision for loan losses in 2009 compared to 2008 was due to less significant loan growth in 2009. As of our election to be treated as a BDC, we no longer record a credit or provision for loan losses. We record each individual loan and investment on a quarterly basis at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded through our statement of operations.


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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of $32.6 million and $76.8 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents are available to fund new investments, reduce borrowings under the Credit Facilities, pay operating expenses and pay dividends. To date, our primary sources of capital have been from our IPO, use of the Credit Facilities and the private placement for $50 million of equity capital completed on March 4, 2008.
 
The WestLB Facility had a three year initial revolving term and on March 3, 2011 the revolving term ended. The balance as of September 30, 2011 of $66 million will be amortized based on loan investment payments received through March 3, 2015.
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had available borrowing capacity of approximately $59.2 million under our Wells Facility, subject to existing terms and advance rates.
 
Our operating activities used cash of $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, and our financing activities used cash of $11.8 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily for investing in portfolio companies. Such cash was provided primarily from proceeds from our IPO and draws under the Credit Facilities.
 
Our operating activities used cash of $15.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, and our financing activities provided net cash proceeds of $24.8 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily for investing in portfolio companies that was provided primarily from our availability under our WestLB Facility.
 
Our operating activities used cash of $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 and our financing activities provided net cash proceeds of $75 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily for investing in portfolio companies. Such cash was provided primarily from proceeds from our IPO and draws under the WestLB Facility.
 
Our operating activities used cash of $11 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 and our financing activities provided net cash proceeds of $0.5 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily for investing in portfolio companies that was provided primarily from our availability on our WestLB Facility.
 
Our operating activities used cash of $90 million for the 10 month period ended December 31, 2008 and our financing activities provided net cash proceeds of $110 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily for investing in portfolio companies that was provided primarily from proceeds from an equity private placement and draws under the WestLB Facility.
 
Our primary use of available funds is investments in portfolio companies and cash distributions to holders of our common stock. We seek to opportunistically raise additional capital as needed, and subject to market conditions, to support our future growth through future equity offerings, issuances of senior securities and/or future borrowings, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
 
In order to satisfy the Code requirements applicable to a RIC, we intend to distribute to our stockholders all or substantially all of our income except for certain net capital gains. In addition, as a BDC, we generally are required to meet an asset coverage ratio of 200%. This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow.
 
Distributions
 
In order to qualify as a RIC and to avoid corporate level tax on the income we distribute to our stockholders, we are required under the Code to distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to our stockholders on an annual basis. Additionally, we must distribute at least 98% of our ordinary income and 98% (or, for our taxable years beginning in 2011, 98.2%) of our capital gain net income on an annual basis and any net ordinary income and net capital gains for preceding years that were not distributed during such years and on which we previously paid no U.S. federal income tax to avoid a U.S. federal excise tax. We intend to distribute quarterly dividends to our stockholders as determined by our Board.


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We may not be able to achieve operating results that will allow us to make distributions at a specific level or to increase the amount of our distributions from time to time. In addition, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions due to the asset coverage requirements applicable to us as a BDC under the 1940 Act. If we do not distribute a certain percentage of our income annually, we will suffer adverse tax consequences, including the possible loss of our qualification as a RIC. We cannot assure stockholders that they will receive any distributions.
 
To the extent our taxable earnings fall below the total amount of our distributions for that fiscal year, a portion of those distributions may be deemed a return of capital to our stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the source of a distribution to our stockholders may be the original capital invested by the stockholder rather than our income or gains. Stockholders should read any written disclosure accompanying a dividend payment carefully and should not assume that the source of any distribution is our ordinary income or gains.
 
We have adopted an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a distribution, then stockholders’ cash distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock unless a stockholder specifically opts out of our dividend reinvestment plan. If a stockholder opts out, that stockholder will receive cash distributions. Although distributions paid in the form of additional shares of our common stock will generally be subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes in the same manner as cash distributions, stockholders participating in our dividend reinvestment plan will not receive any corresponding cash distributions with which to pay any such applicable taxes.
 
Current Borrowings
 
We, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Credit I, entered into the WestLB Facility. Per this agreement, base rate borrowings bear interest at one-month LIBOR (0.24% as of September 30, 2011 and 0.26% as of December 31, 2010) plus 2.50%. The rates were 2.74% and 2.76% as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. We were able to request advances under the WestLB Facility through March 4, 2011. We may not request new advances and we must repay the outstanding advances under the WestLB Facility as of such date and at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the WestLB Facility, particularly the condition that the principal balance of the WestLB Facility does not exceed 75% of the aggregate principal balance of our eligible loans to our portfolio companies. All outstanding advances under the WestLB Facility are due and payable on March 4, 2015.
 
The WestLB Facility is collateralized by all loans and warrants held by Credit I and permits an advance rate of up to 75% of eligible loans held by Credit I. The WestLB Facility contains covenants that, among other things, require the Company to maintain a minimum net worth and to restrict the loans securing the WestLB Facility to certain criteria for qualified loans, and includes portfolio company concentration limits as defined in the related loan agreement.
 
We, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Credit II, entered into the Wells Facility. Per this agreement, the interest rate is based upon the one-month LIBOR plus a spread of 4%, with a LIBOR floor of 1%. The rate was 5% as of September 30, 2011.
 
We may request advances under the Wells Facility through July 14, 2014 (the “Revolving Period”). After the Revolving Period, we may not request new advances and we must repay the outstanding advances under the Wells Facility as of such date, at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the Wells Facility. All outstanding advances under the Wells Facility are due and payable on July 14, 2017.
 
The Wells Facility is collateralized by loans held by Credit II and permits an advance rate of up to 50% of eligible loans and warrants held by Credit II. The Wells Facility contains covenants that, among other things, require the Company to maintain a minimum net worth, to restrict the loans securing the Wells Facility to certain criteria for qualified loans and to comply with portfolio company concentration limits as defined in the related loan agreement.
 
Interest Rate Swaps and Hedging Activities
 
In 2008, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements with WestLB, fixing the rate of $10 million at 3.58% and $15 million at 3.2% on the first advances of a like amount of variable rate WestLB Facility borrowings.


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As of September 30, 2011, only the $10 million interest rate swap was still outstanding, which expired in October 2011.
 
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
A summary of our significant contractual payment obligations as of September 30, 2011 is as follows:
 
                                         
    Payments due by period
 
    (in thousands)  
                            More
 
          Less than
                than 5
 
Contractual Obligations
  Total     1 year     1 - 3 years     3 - 5 years     years  
 
Borrowings
  $ 81,885     $ 36,278     $ 45,607     $     $  
Unfunded commitments
    18,667       9,834       8,833              
                                         
Total contractual obligations
  $ 100,552     $ 46,112     $ 54,440     $     $  
                                         
 
In the normal course of business, we are party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These consist primarily of unfunded commitments to extend credit, in the form of loans, to our portfolio companies. Unfunded commitments to provide funds to portfolio companies are not reflected on our balance sheet. Our unfunded commitments may be significant from time to time. As of September 30, 2011, we had unfunded commitments of approximately $18.7 million. These commitments are subject to the same underwriting and ongoing portfolio maintenance as are the balance sheet financial instruments that we hold. Since these commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
 
In addition to the Credit Facilities, we have certain commitments pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement entered into with our Advisor. We have agreed to pay a fee for investment advisory and management services consisting of two components — a base management fee and an incentive fee. Payments under the Investment Management Agreement are equal to (1) a base management fee equal to a percentage of the value of our average gross assets and (2) a two-part incentive fee. We have also entered into a contract with our Advisor to serve as our administrator. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of our Advisor’s overhead in performing its obligation under the agreement, including rent, fees and other expenses inclusive of our allocable portion of the compensation of our chief financial officer and any administrative staff. See Note 3 to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Investment Management Agreement and the Administration Agreement.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
The discussion of our financial condition and results of operation is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ. In addition to the discussion below, we describe our significant accounting policies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
 
We have identified the following items as critical accounting policies.
 
Valuation of Investments
 
Investments are recorded at fair value. Our Board determines the fair value of our portfolio investments. Prior to our election to become a BDC, loan investments were stated at current unpaid principal balances adjusted for the allowance for loan losses, unearned income and any unamortized deferred fees or costs.
 
We apply fair value to substantially all of our investments in accordance with relevant GAAP, which establishes a framework used to measure fair value and requires disclosures for fair value measurements. We have categorized our investments carried at fair value, based on the priority of the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of the market


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participant who holds the financial instrument rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, when market assumptions are not readily available, our own assumptions are set to reflect those that management believes market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument at the measurement date.
 
The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market and the current market conditions. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The three categories within the hierarchy are as follows:
 
  Level 1   Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
 
  Level 2   Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
  Level 3   Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
 
See Note 5 to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding fair value.
 
Income Recognition
 
Interest on loan investments is accrued and included in income based on contractual rates applied to principal amounts outstanding. Interest income is determined using a method that results in a level rate of return on principal amounts outstanding. When a loan becomes 90 days or more past due, or if we otherwise do not expect to receive interest and principal repayments, the loan is placed on non-accrual status and the recognition of interest income is discontinued. Interest payments received on loans that are on non-accrual status are treated as reductions of principal until the principal is repaid.
 
We receive a variety of fees from borrowers in the ordinary course of conducting our business, including advisory fees, commitment fees, amendment fees, non-utilization fees and prepayment fees. In a limited number of cases, we may also receive a non-refundable deposit earned upon the termination of a transaction. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred, and along with unearned income, are amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan. Fees for counterparty loan commitments with multiple loans are allocated to each loan based upon each loan’s relative fair value. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the amortization of the related fees and unearned income is discontinued until the loan is returned to accrual status.
 
Certain loan agreements also require the borrower to make an end-of-term payment that is accrued into income over the life of the loan to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. We generally cease accruing the income if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or if we do not expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest due.
 
In connection with substantially all lending arrangements, we receive warrants to purchase shares of stock from the borrower. The warrants are recorded as assets at estimated fair value on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The warrants are considered loan fees and are also recorded as unearned loan income on the grant date. The unearned income is recognized as interest income over the contractual life of the related loan in accordance with our income recognition policy. Subsequent to loan origination, the warrants are also measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Any adjustment to fair value is recorded through earnings as net unrealized gain or loss on warrants. Gains from the disposition of the warrants or stock acquired from the exercise of warrants are recognized as realized gains on warrants.


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Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Prior to our election to become a BDC, the allowance for loan losses represented management’s estimate of probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The estimation of the allowance was based on a variety of factors, including past loan loss experience, the current credit profile of our borrowers, adverse situations that had occurred that may affect individual borrowers’ ability to repay, the estimated value of underlying collateral and general economic conditions. The loan portfolio is comprised of large balance loans that are evaluated individually for impairment and are risk-rated based upon a borrower’s individual situation, current economic conditions, collateral and industry-specific information that management believes is relevant in determining the potential occurrence of a loss event and in measuring impairment. The allowance for loan losses was sensitive to the risk rating assigned to each of the loans and to corresponding qualitative loss factors that we used to estimate the allowance. Those factors were applied to the outstanding loan balances in estimating the allowance for loan losses. If necessary, based on performance factors related to specific loans, specific allowances for loan losses were established for individual impaired loans. Increases or decreases to the allowance for loan losses were charged or credited to current period earnings through the provision (credit) for loan losses. Amounts determined to be uncollectible were charged against the allowance for loan losses, while amounts recovered on previously charged-off loans increased the allowance for loan losses.
 
A loan was considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that we were unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment included payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experienced insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally were not classified as impaired. Management determined the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment was measured on a loan by loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan was collateral dependent.
 
Impaired loans also included loans modified in troubled debt restructurings where concessions had been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection.
 
Income taxes
 
We have elected to be treated as a RIC under subchapter M of the Code and to operate in a manner so as to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. In order to qualify as a RIC, among other things, we are required to meet certain source of income and asset diversification requirements and we must timely distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, for each year. We, among other things, have made and intend to continue to make the requisite distributions to our stockholders, which generally relieves us from U.S. federal income taxes.
 
Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year dividend distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income, as required. To the extent that we determine our estimated current year annual taxable income will be in excess of estimated current year dividend distributions, we will accrue excise tax, if any, on estimated excess taxable income as taxable income is earned. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, no amount was recorded for U.S. federal excise tax.
 
We evaluate tax positions taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold, or uncertain tax positions, would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. It is our policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits in income tax expense. There were no material uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.


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Prior to our election to become a BDC, we were a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a result, all items of income and expense were passed through to, and are generally reportable on, the tax returns of the respective members of the limited liability company. Therefore, no federal or state income tax provision has been recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. During the periods covered by our financial statements, the interest rates on the loans within our portfolio were all at fixed rates and we expect that our loans in the future will also have primarily fixed interest rates. The initial commitments to lend to our portfolio companies are usually based on a floating LIBOR index and typically have interest rates that are fixed at the time of the loan funding and remain fixed for the term of the loan.
 
Assuming that the balance sheet as of September 30, 2011 was to remain constant and no actions were taken to alter the existing interest rate sensitivity, a hypothetical immediate 1% change in interest rates may affect net income by more than 1% over a one-year horizon. Although management believes that this measure is indicative of our sensitivity to interest rate changes, it does not adjust for potential changes in the credit market, credit quality, size and composition of the assets on the balance sheet and other business developments that could affect net increase in net assets resulting from operations, or net income. Accordingly, no assurances can be given that actual results would not differ materially from the statement above.
 
The Credit Facilities have floating interest rate provisions based on a LIBOR index which resets daily, and we expect that any other credit facilities into which we enter in the future may have floating interest rate provisions. We have used hedging instruments in the past to protect us against interest rate fluctuations and we may use them in the future. Such instruments may include swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. While hedging activities may insulate us against adverse changes in interest rates, they may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the investments in our portfolio with fixed interest rates.
 
Because we currently fund, and will continue to fund, our investments with borrowings, our net income is dependent upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest the funds borrowed. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net income. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income if there is not a corresponding increase in interest income generated by floating rate assets in our investment portfolio.


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SENIOR SECURITIES
 
Information about our senior securities is shown in the following table as of September 30, 2011, December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. The information contained in the table for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31, 2008 has been derived from our audited financial statements and the information contained in the table in respect of September 30, 2011 has been derived from unaudited financial data. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Current Borrowings” for more detailed information regarding the senior securities.
 
                                 
    Total Amount
                   
    Outstanding
          Involuntary
    Average
 
    Exclusive of
    Asset
    Liquidation
    Market
 
    Treasury
    Coverage
    Preference
    Value
 
Class and Year
  Securities(1)     per Unit(2)     per Unit(3)     per Unit(4)  
    (dollar amounts
                   
    in millions)                    
 
Credit Facilities
                               
2011 (as of September 30, 2011)
  $ 81.9     $ 2,617             N/A  
2010
  $ 87.4     $ 2,455             N/A  
2009
  $ 64.2     $ 1,927             N/A  
2008
  $ 63.7     $ 1,782             N/A  
 
 
(1) Total amount of senior securities outstanding at the end of the period presented.
 
(2) Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the total carrying value of our total consolidated assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness.
 
(3) The amount of which such class of senior security would be entitled upon the voluntary liquidation of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it. The “—” in this column indicates that the SEC expressly does not require this information to be disclosed for certain types of securities.
 
(4) Not applicable because senior securities are not registered for public trading.


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BUSINESS
 
General
 
We are a specialty finance company that lends to and invests in development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech industries. We were formed on March 16, 2010 as a Delaware corporation for the purpose of acquiring, continuing and expanding the business of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Compass Horizon and operating as an externally managed BDC under the 1940 Act. Our investment objective is to generate current income from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such loans. We make secured loans to companies backed by established venture capital and private equity firms in our Target Industries. We also selectively lend to publicly-traded companies in our Target Industries.
 
We are an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. As a BDC, we are required to comply with regulatory requirements, including limitations on our use of debt. We are permitted to, and expect to, finance our investments through borrowings. However, as a BDC, we are only generally allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such borrowing. The amount of leverage that we employ depends on our assessment of market conditions and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing.
 
We have elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, we generally do not have to pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders if we meet certain source-of-income, distribution, asset diversification and other requirements.
 
We are externally managed and advised by our Advisor. Our Advisor manages our day-to-day operations and also provides all administrative services necessary for us to operate.
 
Our Portfolio
 
Since our inception and through September 30, 2011, we have funded 65 portfolio companies and have invested $337.9 million in loans (including 28 loans that have been repaid). As of September 30, 2011, our total investment portfolio consisted of 37 loans which totaled $174.4 million and our net assets were $132.4 million. Our existing loans are secured by all or a portion of the tangible and intangible assets of the applicable portfolio company. The loans in our loan portfolio generally are not rated by any rating agency. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our loan portfolio had a dollar-weighted average annualized yield of approximately 14.6% (excluding any yield from warrants). As of September 30, 2011, our loan portfolio had a dollar-weighted average term of approximately 38 months from inception and a dollar-weighted average remaining term of approximately 28 months. In addition, we held warrants to purchase either common stock or preferred stock in 48 portfolio companies. As of September 30, 2011, our loans had an original committed principal amount of between $1 million and $12 million, had repayment terms of between 30 and 48 months and bore current pay interest at annual interest rates of between 10% and 14%.
 
Our Advisor
 
Our investment activities are managed by our Advisor and we expect to continue to benefit from our Advisor’s ability to identify attractive investment opportunities, conduct diligence on and value prospective investments, negotiate investments and manage our diversified portfolio of investments. In addition to the experience gained from the years that they have worked together both at our Advisor and prior to the formation by our Advisor of the Company, the members of our investment team have broad lending backgrounds, with substantial experience at a variety of commercial finance companies, technology banks and private debt funds, and have developed a broad network of contacts within the venture capital and private equity community. This network of contacts provides a principal source of investment opportunities.
 
Our Advisor is led by five senior managers, including its two co-founders, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer, and Gerald A. Michaud, our President. The other senior managers include Christopher


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M. Mathieu, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, John C. Bombara, our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, and Daniel S. Devorsetz, our Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer.
 
Our Strategy
 
Our investment objective is to maximize our investment portfolio’s total return by generating current income from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such loans. To further implement our business strategy, our Advisor employs the following core strategies:
 
  •  Structured Investments in the Venture Capital and Private Equity Markets.  We make loans to development-stage companies within our Target Industries typically in the form of secured amortizing loans. The secured amortizing debt structure provides a lower risk strategy, as compared to equity investments, to participate in the emerging technology markets because the debt structures we typically utilize provide collateral against the downside risk of loss, provide return of capital in a much shorter timeframe through current pay interest and amortization of loan principal and have a senior position in the capital structure to equity in the case of insolvency, wind down or bankruptcy. Unlike venture capital and private equity-backed investments, our investment returns and return of our capital do not require equity investment exits such as mergers and acquisitions or initial public offerings. Instead, we receive returns on our loans primarily through regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest and, if necessary, liquidation of the collateral supporting the loan. Only the potential gains from warrants are dependent upon exits.
 
  •  Enterprise Value Lending.  We and our Advisor take an enterprise value approach to the loan structuring and underwriting process. We secure a senior or subordinated lien position against the enterprise value of a portfolio company and generally our exposure is less than 25% of the enterprise value and we obtain pricing enhancements in the form of warrants and other “success-based” fees that build long-term asset appreciation in our portfolio. These methods reduce the downside risk of Venture Lending. Enterprise value lending requires an in-depth understanding of the companies and markets served. We believe that this in-depth understanding of how venture capital and private equity-backed companies in our Target Industries grow in value, finance that growth over time and various business cycles can be carefully analyzed by Venture Lenders who have substantial experience, relationships and knowledge within the markets they serve. We believe the experience that our Advisor possesses gives us enhanced capabilities in making these qualitative enterprise value evaluations, which we believe can produce a high quality Venture Loan portfolio with enhanced returns for our stockholders.
 
  •  Creative Products with Attractive Risk-Adjusted Pricing.  Each of our existing and prospective portfolio companies has its own unique funding needs for the capital provided from the proceeds of our Venture Loans. These funding needs include, but are not limited to, funds for additional development runways, funds to hire or retain sales staff or funds to invest in research and development in order to reach important technical milestones in advance of raising additional equity. Our loans include current pay interest, commitment fees, pre-payment fees and non-utilization fees. We believe we have developed pricing tools, structuring techniques and valuation metrics that satisfy our portfolio companies’ requirements while mitigating risk and maximizing returns on our investments.
 
  •  Opportunity for Enhanced Returns.  To enhance our loan portfolio returns, in addition to interest and fees, we obtain warrants to purchase the equity of our portfolio companies as additional consideration for making loans. The warrants we obtain generally include a “cashless exercise” provision to allow us to exercise these rights without requiring us to make any additional cash investment. Obtaining warrants in our portfolio companies has allowed us to participate in the equity appreciation of our portfolio companies which we expect will enable us to generate higher returns for our investors.
 
  •  Direct Origination.  We originate transactions directly with technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech companies. These transactions are referred to our Advisor from a number of sources, including referrals from, or direct solicitation of, venture capital and private equity firms, portfolio company management teams, legal firms, accounting firms, investment banks and other lenders that


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  represent companies within our Target Industries. Our Advisor has been the sole or lead originator in substantially all transactions in which the funds it manages have invested.
 
  •  Disciplined and Balanced Underwriting and Portfolio Management.  We use a disciplined underwriting process that includes obtaining information validation from multiple sources, extensive knowledge of our Target Industries, comparable industry valuation metrics and sophisticated financial analysis related to development-stage companies. Our Advisor’s due diligence on investment prospects includes obtaining and evaluating information on the prospective portfolio company’s technology, market opportunity, management team, fund raising history, investor support, valuation considerations, financial condition and projections. We seek to balance our investment portfolio to reduce the risk of down market cycles associated with any particular industry or sector, development stage or geographic area. Our Advisor employs a “hands on” approach to portfolio management requiring private portfolio companies to provide monthly financial information and to participate in regular updates on performance and future plans.
 
  •  Use of Leverage.  We use leverage to increase returns on equity through revolving credit facilities provided by WestLB and Wells. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
 
  •  Customized Loan Documentation Process.  Our Advisor employs an internally managed documentation process that assures that each loan transaction is documented using our “enterprise value” loan documents specifically tailored to each transaction. Our Advisor uses experienced in-house senior legal counsel to oversee the documentation and negotiation of each of our transactions.
 
  •  Active Portfolio Management.  Because many of our portfolio companies are privately held, development-stage companies in our Target Industries, our Advisor employs a “hands on” approach to its portfolio management processes and procedures. Our Advisor requires the private portfolio companies to provide monthly financial information, and our Advisor participates in quarterly discussions with the management and investors of our portfolio companies. Our Advisor prepares monthly management reporting and internally rates each portfolio company.
 
  •  Portfolio Composition.  Monitoring the composition of the portfolio is an important component of the overall growth and portfolio management strategy. Our Advisor monitors the portfolio regularly to avoid undue focus in any sub-industry, stage of development or geographic area. By regularly monitoring the portfolio for these factors we attempt to reduce the risk of down market cycles associated with any particular industry, development stage or geographic area.
 
Market Opportunity
 
We focus our investments primarily in four key industries of the emerging technology market: technology, life science, healthcare information and services and cleantech. The technology sectors we focus on include communications, networking, wireless communications, data storage, software, cloud computing, semiconductor, internet and media and consumer-related technologies. The life science sectors we focus on include biotechnology, drug delivery, bioinformatics and medical devices. The healthcare information and services sectors we focus on include diagnostics, medical record services and software and other healthcare related services and technologies that improve efficiency and quality of administered healthcare. The cleantech sectors we focus on include alternative energy, water purification, energy efficiency, green building materials and waste recycling.
 
We believe that Venture Lending has the potential to achieve enhanced returns that are attractive notwithstanding the increased level of risk associated with lending to development-stage companies. Potential benefits include:
 
  •  Higher Interest Rates.  Venture Loans typically bear interest at rates that exceed the rates that would be available to portfolio companies if they could borrow in traditional commercial financing transactions. We believe these rates provide a risk-adjusted return to lenders compared with other types of debt investing and provide a significantly less expensive alternative to equity financing for development-stage companies.


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  •  Loan Support Provided by Cash Proceeds from Equity Capital Provided by Venture Capital and Private Equity Firms.  In many cases, a Venture Lender makes a Venture Loan to a portfolio company in conjunction with, or immediately after, a substantial venture capital or private equity investment in the portfolio company. This equity capital investment supports the loan by initially providing a source of cash to fund the portfolio company’s debt service obligations. In addition, because the loan ranks senior in priority of payment to the equity capital investment, the portfolio company must repay that debt before the equity capital investors realize a return on their investment. If the portfolio company subsequently becomes distressed, its venture capital and private equity investors will likely have an incentive to assist it in avoiding a payment default, which could lead to foreclosure on the secured assets. We believe that the support of venture capital and private equity investors increases the likelihood that a Venture Loan will be repaid.
 
  •  Relatively Rapid Amortization of Loans.  Venture Loans typically require that interest payments begin within one month of closing, and principal payments begin within twelve months of closing, thereby returning capital to the lender and reducing the capital at risk with respect to the investment. Because Venture Loans are typically made at the time of, or soon after, a portfolio company completes a significant venture capital or private equity financing, the portfolio company usually has sufficient funds to begin making scheduled principal and interest payments even if it is not then generating revenue and/or positive cash flow. If a portfolio company is able to increase its “enterprise value” during the term of the loan (which is typically between 24 and 48 months), the lender may also benefit from a reduced loan-to-value ratio, which reduces the risk of the loan.
 
  •  Senior Ranking to Equity and Collateralization.  A Venture Loan is typically secured by some or all of the portfolio company’s assets, thus making the loan senior in priority to the equity invested in the portfolio company. In many cases, if a portfolio company defaults on its loan, the value of this collateral will provide the lender with an opportunity to recover all or a portion of its investment. Because holders of equity interests in a portfolio company will generally lose their investments before the Venture Lender experiences losses, we believe that the likelihood of losing all of our invested capital in a Venture Loan is lower than would be the case with an equity investment.
 
  •  Potential Equity Appreciation Through Warrants.  Venture Lenders are typically granted warrants in portfolio companies as additional consideration for making Venture Loans. The warrants permit the Venture Lender to purchase equity securities of the portfolio companies at the same price paid by the portfolio company’s investors for such preferred stock in the most recent or next equity round of the portfolio company’s financing. Historically, warrants granted to Venture Lenders have generally had a term of ten years and been in dollar amounts equal to between 5% and 20% of the principal loan amount. Warrants provide Venture Lenders with an opportunity to participate in the potential growth in value of the portfolio company, thereby increasing the potential return on investment.
 
We believe that Venture Lending also provides an attractive financing source for portfolio companies, their management teams and their equity capital investors, because of the following:
 
  •  Venture Loans are Typically Less Dilutive than Venture Capital and Private Equity Financing.  Venture Loans allow a company to access the cash necessary to implement its business plan without diluting the existing investors in the company. Typically, the warrants or other equity securities issued as part of a Venture Lending transaction result in only minimal dilution to existing investors as compared to the potential dilution of a new equity round of financing.
 
  •  Venture Loans Extend the Time Period During Which a Portfolio Company Can Operate Before Seeking Additional Equity Financing.  By using a Venture Loan, development-stage companies can postpone the need for their next round of equity financing, thereby extending their cash available to fund operations. This delay can provide portfolio companies with additional time to improve technology, achieve development milestones and, potentially, increase the company’s valuation before seeking more equity investments.
 
  •  Venture Loans Allow Portfolio Companies to Better Match Cash Sources with Uses.  Debt is often used to fund infrastructure costs, including office space and laboratory equipment. The use of debt to fund infrastructure costs allows a portfolio company to spread these costs over time, thereby conserving cash


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  at a stage when its revenues may not be sufficient to cover expenses. Similarly, working capital financing may be used to fund selling and administrative expenses ahead of anticipated corresponding revenue. In both instances, equity capital is preserved for research and development expenses or future expansion.
 
Competitive Strengths
 
We believe that we, together with our Advisor, possess significant competitive strengths, including:
 
  •  Consistently Execute Commitments and Close Transactions.  Our Advisor and its senior management and investment professionals have an extensive track record of originating, underwriting and closing Venture Loans. Our Advisor has directly originated, underwritten and managed more than 130 Venture Loans with an aggregate original principal amount over $800 million since it commenced operations in 2004. In our experience, prospective portfolio companies prefer lenders that have demonstrated their ability to deliver on their commitments.
 
  •  Robust Direct Origination Capabilities.  Our Advisor’s managing directors each have significant experience originating Venture Loans in our Target Industries. This experience has given each managing director a deep knowledge of our Target Industries and an extensive base of transaction sources and references. Our Advisor’s brand name recognition in our market has resulted in a steady flow of high quality investment opportunities that are consistent with the strategic vision and expectations of our Advisor’s senior management.
 
  •  Highly Experienced and Cohesive Management Team.  Our Advisor has had the same senior management team of experienced professionals since its inception. This consistency allows companies, their management teams and their investors to rely on consistent and predictable service, loan products and terms and underwriting standards.
 
  •  Relationships with Venture Capital and Private Equity Investors.  Our Advisor has developed strong relationships with venture capital and private equity firms and their partners. The strength and breadth of our Advisor’s venture capital and private equity relationships would take considerable time and expense to develop.
 
  •  Well-Known Brand Name.  Our Advisor has originated Venture Loans to more than 130 companies in our Target Industries under the “Horizon Technology Finance” brand. Each of these companies is backed by one or more venture capital or private equity firms. We believe that the “Horizon Technology Finance” brand, as a competent, knowledgeable and active participant in the Venture Lending marketplace, will continue to result in a significant number of referrals and prospective investment opportunities in our Target Industries.


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Stages of Development of Venture Capital and Private Equity-backed Companies
 
Below is a typical development curve for a company in our Target Industries and the various milestones along the development curve where we believe a Venture Loan may be a preferred financing solution:
 
(CHART)
 
Investment Criteria
 
We make investments in companies that are diversified by their stage of development, their Target Industries and sectors of Target Industries and their geographical location, as well as by the venture capital and private equity sponsors that support our portfolio companies. While we invest in companies at various stages of development, we require that prospective portfolio companies be beyond the seed stage of development and have received at least their first round of venture capital or private equity financing. We expect a prospective portfolio company to demonstrate its ability to advance technology and increase its value over time.
 
We have identified several criteria that we believe have proven, and will prove, important in achieving our investment objective. These criteria provide general guidelines for our investment decisions. However, we caution you that not all of these criteria are met by each portfolio company in which we choose to invest.
 
Management.  Our portfolio companies are generally led by experienced management that has in-market expertise in the Target Industry in which the company operates, as well as extensive experience with development-stage companies. The adequacy and completeness of the management team is assessed relative to the stage of development and the challenges facing the potential portfolio company.
 
Continuing Support from One or More Venture Capital and Private Equity Investors.  We typically invest in companies in which one or more established venture capital and private equity investors have previously invested and continue to make a contribution to the management of the business. We believe that established venture capital and private equity investors can serve as a committed partner and will assist their portfolio companies and their management teams in creating value. We take into consideration the total amount raised by the company, the valuation history, investor reserves for future investment and the expected timing and milestones to the next equity round financing.
 
Operating Plan and Cash Resources.  We generally require that a prospective portfolio company, in addition to having sufficient access to capital to support leverage, demonstrate an operating plan capable of generating cash flows or the ability to raise the additional capital necessary to cover its operating expenses and service its debt. Our


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review of the operating plan will take into consideration existing cash, cash burn, cash runway and the milestones necessary for the company to achieve cash flow positive operations or to access additional equity from the investors.
 
Enterprise and Technology Value.  We expect that the enterprise value of a prospective portfolio company should substantially exceed the principal balance of debt borrowed by the company. Enterprise value includes the implied valuation based upon recent equity capital invested as well as the intrinsic value of the company’s unique technology, service or customer base.
 
Market Opportunity and Exit Strategy.  We seek portfolio companies that are addressing large market opportunities that capitalize on their competitive advantages. Competitive advantages may include unique technology, protected intellectual property, superior clinical results or significant market traction. As part of our investment analysis, we will consider potential realization of our warrants through merger, acquisition or initial public offering based upon comparable exits in the company’s Target Industry.
 
Investment Process
 
Our Advisor has created an integrated approach to the loan origination, underwriting, approval and documentation process that effectively combines all of the skills of our Advisor’s professionals. This process allows our Advisor to achieve an efficient and timely closing of an investment from the initial contact with a prospective portfolio company through the investment decision, close of documentation and funding of the investment, while ensuring that our Advisor’s rigorous underwriting standards are consistently maintained. Our Board has delegated authority for all investment decisions to our Advisor. We believe that the high level of involvement by our Advisor’s staff in the various phases of the investment process allows us to minimize the credit risk while delivering superior service to our portfolio companies.
 
Origination.  Our Advisor’s loan origination process begins with its industry-focused regional managing directors who are responsible for identifying, contacting and screening prospects. The managing directors meet with key decision makers and deal referral sources such as venture capital and private equity firms and management teams, legal firms, accounting firms, investment banks and other lenders to source prospective portfolio companies. We believe our brand name and management team are well known within the Venture Lending community, as well as by many repeat entrepreneurs and board members of prospective portfolio companies. These broad relationships, which reach across the Venture Lending industry, give rise to a significant portion of our Advisor’s deal origination.
 
The responsible managing director of our Advisor obtains review materials from the prospective portfolio company and from those materials, as well as other available information, determines whether it is appropriate for our Advisor to issue a non-binding term sheet. The managing director bases this decision to proceed on his or her experience, the competitive environment and the prospective portfolio company’s needs and also seeks the counsel of our Advisor’s senior management and investment team.
 
Term Sheet.  If the managing director determines, after review and consultation with senior management, that the potential transaction meets our Advisor’s initial credit standards, our Advisor will issue a non-binding term sheet to the prospective portfolio company.
 
The terms of the transaction are tailored to a prospective portfolio company’s specific funding needs while taking into consideration market dynamics, the quality of the management team, the venture capital and private equity investors involved and applicable credit criteria, which may include the prospective portfolio company’s existing cash resources, the development of its technology and the anticipated timing for the next round of equity financing.
 
Underwriting.  Once the term sheet has been negotiated and executed and the prospective portfolio company has remitted a good faith deposit, we request additional due diligence materials from the prospective portfolio company and arrange for a due diligence visit.
 
Due Diligence.  The due diligence process includes a formal visit to the prospective portfolio company’s location and interviews with the prospective portfolio company’s senior management team including its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Scientific or Technology Officer, principal marketing or sales professional and other key managers. The process includes contact with key analysts that affect the prospective


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portfolio company’s business, including analysts that follow the technology market, through leaders in our Target Industries and important customers or partners, if any. Outside sources of information are reviewed, including industry publications, scientific and market articles, Internet publications, publicly available information on competitors or competing technologies and information known to our Advisor’s investment team from their experience in the technology markets.
 
A key element of the due diligence process is interviewing key existing investors in the prospective portfolio company, who are often also members of the prospective portfolio company’s board of directors. While these board members and/or investors are not independent sources of information, their support for management and willingness to support the prospective portfolio company’s further development are critical elements of our decision making process.
 
Investment Memorandum.  Upon completion of the due diligence process and review and analysis of all of the information provided by the prospective portfolio company and obtained externally, our Advisor’s assigned credit officer prepares an investment memorandum for review and approval. The investment memorandum is reviewed by our Advisor’s Chief Credit Officer and submitted to our Advisor’s investment committee for approval.
 
Investment Committee.  Our Board delegates authority for all investment decisions to our Advisor’s investment committee.
 
Our Advisor’s investment committee is responsible for overall credit policy, portfolio management, approval of all investments, portfolio monitoring and reporting and managing of problem accounts. The committee interacts with the entire staff of our Advisor to review potential transactions and deal flow. This interaction of cross-functional members of our Advisor’s staff assures efficient transaction sourcing, negotiating and underwriting throughout the transaction process. Portfolio performance and current market conditions are reviewed and discussed by the investment committee on a regular basis to assure that transaction structures and terms are consistent and current.
 
Loan Closing and Funding.  Approved investments are documented and closed by our Advisor’s in-house legal and loan administration staff. Loan documentation is based upon standard templates created by our Advisor and is customized for each transaction to reflect the specific deal terms. The transaction documents typically include a loan and security agreement, warrant agreement and applicable perfection documents, including Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, and, as applicable, may also include a landlord agreement, patent and trademark security grants, a subordination agreement and other standard agreements for commercial loans in the Venture Lending industry. Funding requires final approval by our Advisor’s General Counsel, Chief Executive Officer or President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Credit Officer.
 
Portfolio Management and Reporting.  Our Advisor maintains a “hands on” approach to maintain communication with our portfolio companies. At least quarterly, our Advisor contacts our portfolio companies for operational and financial updates by phone and performs reviews on an annual basis. Our Advisor may contact portfolio companies deemed to have greater credit risk on a monthly basis. Our Advisor requires all private companies to provide financial statements on a monthly basis. For public companies, our Advisor typically relies on publicly reported quarterly financials. Our Advisor also typically receives copies of bank and security statements, as well as any other information required to verify reported financial information. Among other things, this allows our Advisor to identify any unexpected developments in the financial performance or condition of the portfolio company.
 
Our Advisor has developed a proprietary credit rating system to analyze the quality of our loans. Using this system, our Advisor analyzes and then rates the credit risk within the portfolio on a monthly basis. Each portfolio company is rated on a 1 through 4 scale, with 3 representing the rating for a standard level of risk. A rating of 4 represents an improved and better credit quality. A rating of 2 or 1 represents a deteriorating credit quality and increasing risk. Newly funded investments are typically assigned a rating of 3, unless extraordinary circumstances require otherwise. These investment ratings are generated internally by our Advisor, and we cannot guarantee that others would assign the same ratings to our portfolio investments or similar portfolio investments.
 
Our Advisor closely monitors portfolio companies rated a 1 or 2 for adverse developments. In addition, our Advisor has regular contact with the management, board of directors and major equity holders of these portfolio


61


 

companies in order to discuss strategic initiatives to correct the deterioration of the portfolio company (e.g., cost reductions, new equity issuance or strategic sale of the business).
 
The table below describes each rating level:
 
     
Rating
   
 
4
  The portfolio company has performed in excess of our expectations at underwriting as demonstrated by exceeding revenue milestones, clinical milestones or other operating metrics or as a result of raising capital well in excess of our underwriting assumptions. Generally the portfolio company displays one or more of the following: its enterprise value greatly exceeds our loan balance; it has achieved cash flow positive operations or has sufficient cash resources to cover the remaining balance of the loan; there is strong potential for warrant gains from our warrants; and there is a high likelihood that the borrower will receive favorable future financing to support operations. Loans rated 4 are the lowest risk profile in our portfolio and there is no expected risk of principal loss.
3
  The portfolio company has performed to our expectations at underwriting as demonstrated by hitting revenue milestones, clinical milestones or other operating metrics. It has raised, or is expected to raise, capital consistent with our underwriting assumptions. Generally the portfolio company displays one or more of the following: its enterprise value comfortably exceeds our loan balance; it has sufficient cash resources to operate per its plan; it is expected to raise additional capital as needed; and there continues to be potential for warrant gains from our warrants. All new loans are rated 3 when approved and thereafter 3 rated loans represent a standard risk profile, with no loss currently expected.
2
  The portfolio company has performed below our expectations at underwriting as demonstrated by missing revenue milestones, delayed clinical progress or otherwise failing to meet projected operating metrics. It may have raised capital in support of the poorer performance but generally on less favorable terms than originally contemplated at the time of underwriting. Generally the portfolio company displays one or more of the following: its enterprise value exceeds our loan balance but at a lower multiple than originally expected; it has sufficient cash to operate per its plan but liquidity may be tight; and it is planning to raise additional capital but there is uncertainty and the potential for warrant gains from our warrants are possible, but unlikely. Loans rated 2 represent an increased level of risk. While no loss is currently anticipated for a 2 rated loan, there is potential for future loss of principal.
1
  The portfolio company has performed well below plan as demonstrated by materially missing revenue milestones, delayed or failed clinical progress or otherwise failing to meet operating metrics. The portfolio company has not raised sufficient capital to operate effectively or retire its debt obligation to us. Generally the portfolio company displays one or more of the following: its enterprise value may not exceed our loan balance; it has insufficient cash to operate per its plan and liquidity may be tight; and there are uncertain plans to raise additional capital or the portfolio company is being sold under distressed conditions. There is no potential for warrant gains from our warrants. Loans rated 1 are generally put on non-accrual and represent a high degree of risk of loss. The fair value of 1 rated loans is reduced to the amount that is expected to be recovered from liquidation of the collateral.
 
For a discussion of the ratings of our existing portfolio, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Loan Portfolio Asset Quality.”
 
Managerial Assistance
 
As a BDC, we offer, through our Advisor, and must provide upon request, managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies. This assistance may involve, among other things, monitoring the operations of the portfolio companies, participating in board of directors and management meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio companies and providing other organizational and financial guidance.
 
We may receive fees for these services, though we may reimburse our Advisor for its expenses related to providing such services on our behalf.


62


 

Competition
 
We compete for investments with a number of investment funds and other BDCs, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other financing sources. Some of our competitors are larger and have greater financial and other resources than we do. We believe we compete effectively with these entities primarily on the basis of the experience, industry knowledge and contacts of our Advisor’s investment professionals, its responsiveness and efficient investment analysis and decision-making processes, its creative financing products and its customized investment terms. We do not intend to compete primarily on the interest rates we offer and believe that some competitors make loans with rates that are comparable or lower than our rates. For additional information concerning the competitive risks see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Structure — We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, and if we are not able to compete effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected and the value of your investment in us could decline.”
 
Employees
 
We do not have any employees. Each of our executive officers described under “Management” is an employee of our Advisor. The day-to-day investment operations are managed by our Advisor. As of September 30, 2011, our Advisor had 16 employees, including investment and portfolio management professionals, operations and accounting professionals, legal counsel and administrative staff. In addition, we reimburse our Advisor for our allocable portion of expenses incurred by it in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including our allocable portion of the cost of our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer and their respective staffs.
 
Properties
 
We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. Our headquarters and our Advisor’s headquarters are currently located at 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032. We believe that our office facilities are suitable and adequate to our business.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
Neither we nor our Advisor are currently subject to any material legal proceedings.


63


 

 
PORTFOLIO COMPANIES
 
The following table sets forth certain information as of September 30, 2011 for each portfolio company in which we had a debt or equity investment. Other than these investments, our only relationships with our portfolio companies involve the managerial assistance we may separately provide to our portfolio companies, such services being ancillary to our investments, and the board observer or participation rights we may receive in connection with our investment. We do not “control” and are not an “affiliate” of any of our portfolio companies, each as defined in the 1940 Act. In general, under the 1940 Act, we would “control” a portfolio company if we owned more than 25% of its voting securities and would be an “affiliate” of a portfolio company if we owned 5% or more of its voting securities.
 
The following table sets forth certain information for each portfolio company in which we had an investment as of September 30, 2011.
 
                                     
Name and Address of
          Interest
      Cost of
   
Portfolio Company
 
Sector
 
Type of Investment(3)
 
Rate(4)
 
Maturity
 
Investment(6)
 
Fair Value
 
Debt Investments                                    
Debt Investments — Life Science                                    
ACT Biotech Corporation
717 Market Street, Suite 650
San Francisco, CA 94103
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  13.10%
13.01%
13.01%
  $ 12/1/2013
12/1/2013
12/1/2013
    $ 905
905
1,371
      905
905
1,371
 
Ambit Biosciences Corporation
4215 Sorrento Valley Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92121
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(1)   12.25%     10/1/2013       5,066       5,066  
Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(5)
1020 East Meadow Circle
Palo Alto, CA 94303
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(2)   9.41%     4/1/2015       3,206       3,206  
GenturaDx, Inc. 
24590 Clawiter Road
Hayward, CA 94545
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(2)   11.25%     4/1/2014       1,903       1,903  
N30 Pharmaceuticals, LLC
3122 Sterling Circle, Suite 200
Boulder, CO 80301
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(1)   11.25%     9/1/2014       2,412       2,412  
Pharmasset, Inc.(5)
303-A College Road East
Princeton, NJ 08540
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.00%
12.50%
    1/1/2012
10/1/2012
      379
1,453
      379
1,453
 
Revance Therapeutics, Inc. 
7555 Gateway Blvd.
Newark, CA 94560
  Biotechnology   Convertible Note(1)   8.00%     2/10/2013       62       62  
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
1550 East Gude Drive
Rockville, MD 20850
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(2)   11.00%     8/1/2014       2,947       2,947  
Tranzyme, Inc.(5)
4819 Emperor Blvd., Suite 400
Durham, NC 27703
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(1)   10.75%     1/1/2014       4,538       4,538  
Xcovery Holding Company, LLC
505 S. Flagler Drive, Suite 1330
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
  Biotechnology   Term Loan(2)
Term Loan(2)
  12.00%
12.00%
    10/1/2013
7/1/2014
      1,494
1,477
      1,494
1,477
 
Concentric Medical, Inc.
301 East Evelyn Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94041
  Medical Device   Term Loan(1)   12.04%     9/1/2013       6,676       6,676  
OraMetrix, Inc.
2350 Campbell Creek Blvd., Suite 400
Richardson, TX 75082
  Medical Device   Term Loan(1)   11.50%     4/1/2014       4,669       4,669  
PixelOptics, Inc. 
5241 Valleypark Drive
Roanoke, VA 24019
  Medical Device   Term Loan(2)   10.75%     11/1/2014       9,910       9,910  
Tengion, Inc.(5)
2900 Potshop Lane, Suite 100
East Norriton, PA 19403
  Medical Device   Term Loan(2)   11.75%     1/1/2014       4,948       4,588  
ViOptix, Inc. 
47224 Misson Fall Ct.
Fremont, CA 94539
  Medical Device   Term Loan(1)   13.55%     11/1/2011       656       656  
                                     
Total Debt Investments — Life Science     54,977       54,617  
                 


64


 

                                     
Name and Address of
          Interest
      Cost of
   
Portfolio Company
 
Sector
 
Type of Investment(3)
 
Rate(4)
 
Maturity
 
Investment(6)
 
Fair Value
 
Debt Investments — Technology                                    
OpenPeak, Inc. 
1750 Clint Moore Road
Boca Raton, FL 33487
  Communications   Term Loan(1)   11.86%   $ 12/1/2013     $ 6,016       5,647  
Starcite, Inc. 
1600 Market Street, 27th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
  Consumer-related
Technologies
  Term Loan(1)   12.05%     9/1/2012       1,604       1,604  
Tagged, Inc. 
840 Battery Street, 2nd Floor
San Francisco, CA 94111
  Consumer-related
Technologies
  Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.78%
11.46%
    5/1/2012
8/1/2012
      671
300
      671
300
 
Xtera Communications, Inc. 
500 W. Bethany Drive, Suite 100
Allen, TX 75013
  Semiconductors   Term Loan(2)   11.50%     12/1/2014       9,739       9,739  
Vette Corp. 
14 Manchester Square, Suite 210
Portsmouth, NH 03801
  Data Storage   Term Loan(1)   11.75%     7/1/2014       4,928       4,928  
IntelePeer, Inc. 
2855 Campus Drive, Suite 200
San Mateo, CA 94403
  Networking   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.43%
12.33%
12.33%
    4/1/2012
6/1/2012
10/1/2012
      238
315
729
      238
315
729
 
Construction Software Technologies, Inc. 
4500 Lake Forest Drive, Suite 502
Cincinnati, OH 45202
  Software   Term Loan(2)
Term Loan
  11.75%
11.75%
    12/1/2014
6/1/2014
      3,940
1,969
      3,940
1,969
 
Courion Corporation
1900 West Park Drive, 1st Floor
Westborough, MA 01581
  Software   Term Loan(1)   11.45%     9/1/2014       6,889       6,889  
Recondo Technology, Inc. 
6312 South Fiddlers Green Cir.,
Suite 600 East
Greenwood Village, CO 80111
  Software   Term Loan   11.50%     4/1/2015       1,923       1,923  
Seapass Solutions, Inc. 
90 Park Avenue, Suite 1720
New York, NY 10016
  Software   Term Loan(2)   11.75%     11/1/2014       4,924       4,924  
StreamBase Systems, Inc. 
181 Spring Street
Lexington, MA 02421
  Software   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.51%
12.50%
    11/1/2013
6/1/2014
      3,115
960
      3,115
960
 
                                     
Total Debt Investments — Technology     48,260       47,891  
                 
Debt Investments — Cleantech                                    
Cereplast, Inc.(5)
300 North Continental Blvd., Suite 100
El Segundo, CA 90245
  Waste Recycling
Waste Recycling
  Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.00%
12.00%
    4/1/2014
6/1/2014
      2,448
2,441
      2,448
2,441
 
Enphase Energy, Inc. 
201 1st Street, Suite 300
Petaluma, CA 94952
  Energy Efficiency   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan
Term Loan
  12.60%
10.75%
10.75%
    10/1/2013
4/1/2015
4/1/2015
      5,697
1,968
2,938
      5,697
1,968
2,938
 
Satcon Technology Corporation(5)
27 Drydock Avenue
Boston, MA 02210
  Energy Efficiency   Term Loan(1)   12.58%     1/1/2014       8,521       8,521  
Tigo Energy, Inc. 
420 Blossom Hill Road
Los Gatos, CA 95032
  Energy Efficiency   Term Loan(1)
Revolver(2)
  11.00%
10.75%
(Prime + 7.50)%
    8/1/2014
1/1/2014
      3,422
2,933
      3,422
2,933
 
                                     
Total Debt Investments — Cleantech     30,368       30,368  
                 
Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services
BioScale, Inc. 
4 Maguire Road
Lexington, MA 02421
  Diagnostics   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.00%
11.51%
    8/1/2012
1/1/2014
      1,351
4,941
      1,351
4,941
 
Precision Therapeutics, Inc. 
2516 Jane Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
  Diagnostics   Term Loan   10.25%     12/1/2014       6,952       6,952  
Radisphere National Radiology Group, Inc. 
23625 Commerce Park, Suite 204
Beachwood, OH 44122
  Diagnostics   Term Loan(1)   12.75%     1/1/2014       9,340       9,340  

65


 

                                     
Name and Address of
          Interest
      Cost of
   
Portfolio Company
 
Sector
 
Type of Investment(3)
 
Rate(4)
 
Maturity
 
Investment(6)
 
Fair Value
 
Aperio Technologies, Inc. 
1360 Park Center Drive
Vista, CA 92081
  Other Healthcare   Term Loan   9.64%   $ 5/1/2015     $ 4,929       4,929  
Patientkeeper, Inc. 
880 Winter Street, Suite 300
Waltham, MA 02451
  Other Healthcare   Term Loan   10.50%     12/1/2014       5,222       5,222  
Singulex, Inc. 
1650 Harbor Bay Parkway, Suite 200
Alameda, CA 94502
  Other Healthcare   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  11.00%
11.00%
    3/1/2014
3/1/2014
      2,968
1,978
      2,968
1,978
 
Talyst, Inc. 
11100 NE 8th Street, Suite 600
Bellevue, WA 98004
  Other Healthcare   Term Loan(1)
Term Loan(1)
  12.10%
12.05%
    12/1/2013
12/1/2013
      1,924
1,921
      1,924
1,921
 
                                     
Total Debt Investment — Healthcare information and services     41,526       41,526  
                 
Total Debt Investments     175,131       174,402  
                 
Warrant Investments                                    
Warrants — Life Science                                    
ACT Biotech Corporation
717 Market Street, Suite 650
San Francisco, CA 94103
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             58       67  
Ambit Biosciences, Inc. 
4215 Sorrento Valley Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92121
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             143       98  
Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(5)
1020 East Meadow Circle
Palo Alto, CA 94303
  Biotechnology   Common Stock Warrants(2)             42       22  
Anesiva, Inc.(5)
650 Gateway Boulevard
South San Francisco, CA 94080
  Biotechnology   Common Stock Warrants(1)             18        
GenturaDx, Inc. 
24590 Clawiter Road
Hayward, CA 94545
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(2)             63       60  
N30 Pharmaceuticals, LLC
3122 Sterling Circle, Suite 200
Boulder, CO 80301
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             59       46  
Novalar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 
12555 High Bluff Drive, Suite 300
San Diego, CA 92130
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             69        
Revance Therapeutics, Inc. 
7555 Gateway Blvd.
Newark, CA 94560
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             224       489  
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 
1550 East Gude Drive
Rockville, MD 20850
  Biotechnology   Preferred Stock Warrants(2)             16       15  
Tranzyme, Inc.(5)
4819 Emperor Blvd., Suite 400
Durham, NC 27703
  Biotechnology   Common Stock Warrants(1)             1        
Concentric Medical, Inc. 
301 East Evelyn Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94041
  Medical Device   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             84       875  
EnteroMedics, Inc.(5)
2800 Patton Road
Saint Paul, MN 55113
  Medical Device   Common Stock Warrants(1)             347       2  
OraMetrix, Inc. 
2350 Campbell Creek Blvd., Suite 400
Richardson, TX 75082
  Medical Device   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             78       67  
PixelOptics, Inc. 
5241 Valleypark Drive
Roanoke, VA 24019
  Medical Device   Preferred Stock Warrants(2)             96       46  
Tengion, Inc.(5)
2900 Potshop Lane, Suite 100
East Norriton, PA 19403
  Medical Device   Common Stock Warrants(2)             62        

66


 

                                     
Name and Address of
          Interest
      Cost of
   
Portfolio Company
 
Sector
 
Type of Investment(3)
 
Rate(4)
 
Maturity
 
Investment(6)
 
Fair Value
 
ViOptix, Inc. 
47224 Misson Fall Ct.
Fremont, CA 94539
  Medical Device   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)     $     $ 13        
                                     
Total Warrants — Life Science     1,373       1,787  
                 
Warrants — Technology                                    
OpenPeak, Inc. 
1750 Clint Moore Road
Boca Raton, FL 33487
  Communications   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             89        
Everyday Health, Inc. 
45 Main Street
Brooklyn, NY 11201
  Consumer-related
technologies
  Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             69       116  
SnagAJob.com, Inc. 
4880 Cox Road, Suite 200
Glenn Allen, VA 23060
  Consumer-related
technologies
  Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             23       270  
Starcite, Inc. 
1600 Market Street, 27th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
  Consumer-related
technologies
  Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             24       27  
Tagged, Inc. 
840 Battery Street, 2nd Floor
San Francisco, CA 94111
  Consumer-related
technologies
  Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             17       27  
Xtera Communications, Inc. 
500 W. Bethany Drive, Suite 100
Allen, TX 75013
  Semiconductors   Preferred Stock Warrants             206       242  
Vette Corp. 
14 Manchester Square, Suite 210
Portsmouth, NH 03801
  Data Storage   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             75       48  
XIOtech, Inc. 
6455 Flying Cloud Drive
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
  Data Storage   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             22       80  
Cartera Commerce, Inc. 
One Cranberry Hill, Suite 203
Lexington, MA 02421
  Internet and media   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             16       30  
Grab Networks, Inc. 
21000 Atlantic Boulevard
Dulles, VA 20166
  Networking   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             74        
IntelePeer, Inc. 
2855 Campus Drive, Suite 200
San Mateo, CA 94403
  Networking   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             39       524  
Motion Computing, Inc. 
8601 RR 2222, Building II
Austin, TX 78730
  Networking   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             7       334  
Impinj, Inc. 
701 N. 34th Street, Suite 300
Seattle, WA 8103
  Semi-conductor   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             7        
Clarabridge, Inc. 
11400 Commerce Park Drive, Suite 500
Reston, VA 20191
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             27       24  
Construction Software Technologies, Inc. 
4500 Lake Forest Drive, Suite 502
Cincinnati, OH 45202
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(2)             45       44  
Courion Corporation
1900 West Park Drive, 1st Floor
Westborough, MA 01581
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             85       100  
DriveCam, Inc. 
8911 Balboa Ave.
San Diego, CA 92123
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             20       7  
Netuitive, Inc. 
12700 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20191
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             27       21  

67


 

                                     
Name and Address of
          Interest
      Cost of
   
Portfolio Company
 
Sector
 
Type of Investment(3)
 
Rate(4)
 
Maturity
 
Investment(6)
 
Fair Value
 
Recondo Technology, Inc. 
6312 South Fiddlers Green Cr.,
Suite 600 East
Greenwood Village, CO 80111
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)     $     $ 47       47  
Seapass Solutions, Inc. 
90 Park Avenue, Suite 1720
New York, NY 10016
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(2)             43       42  
StreamBase Systems, Inc. 
181 Spring Street
Lexington, MA 02421
  Software   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             67       68  
                                     
Total Warrants — Technology     1,029       2,051  
                 
Warrants — Cleantech                                    
Cereplast, Inc.(5)
300 North Continental Blvd., Suite 100
El Segundo, CA 90245
  Waste Recycling   Common Stock Warrants(1)             112       28  
Enphase Energy, Inc. 
201 1st Street, Suite 300
Petaluma, CA 94952
  Energy Efficiency   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             175       136  
Satcon Technology Corporation(5)
27 Drydock Avenue
Boston, MA 02210
  Energy Efficiency   Common Stock Warrants(1)             285       5  
Tigo Energy, Inc. 
420 Blossom Hill Road
Los Gatos, CA 95032
  Energy Efficiency   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             101       79  
                                     
Total Warrants — Cleantech     673       248  
                 
Warrants — Healthcare information and services
BioScale, Inc. 
4 Maguire Road
Lexington, MA 02421
  Diagnostics   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             54       62  
Precision Therapeutics, Inc. 
2516 Jane Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
  Diagnostics   Preferred Stock Warrants             73       158  
Radisphere National Radiology Group, Inc. 
23625 Commerce Park, Suite 204
Beachwood, OH 44122
  Diagnostics   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             167       372  
Aperio Technologies, Inc. 
1360 Park Center Drive
Vista, CA 92081
  Other Healthcare   Preferred Stock Warrants             35       34  
Patientkeeper, Inc. 
880 Winter Street, Suite 300
Waltham, MA 02451
  Other Healthcare   Preferred Stock Warrants             269       266  
Singulex, Inc. 
1650 Harbor Bay Parkway, Suite 200
Alameda, CA 94502
  Other Healthcare   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             40       31  
Talyst, Inc. 
11100 NE 8th Street, Suite 600
Bellevue, WA 98004
  Other Healthcare   Preferred Stock Warrants(1)             100       82  
                                     
Total Warrants — Healthcare information and services     738       1,005  
                 
Total Warrants     3,813       5,091  
                 
                                     
Equity                                    
Insmed Incorporated(5)
4851 Lake Brook Drive
Glen Allen, VA 23058
  Biotechnology   Common Stock(1)             227       169  

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Name and Address of
          Interest
      Cost of
   
Portfolio Company
 
Sector
 
Type of Investment(3)
 
Rate(4)
 
Maturity
 
Investment(6)
 
Fair Value
 
Overture Networks Inc. 
507 Aiport Blvd., Building 111
Morrisville, NC 27650
  Communications   Preferred Stock(1)     $     $ 480       524  
                                     
Total Equity     707       693  
                 
Total Investment Assets   $ 179,651     $ 180,186  
                 
                                     
Investment Liabilities                                    
Derivative Agreement                                    
WestLB, AG   Interest rate swap — pay
fixed/receive floating, Notional
Amount $10 million
  3.58%     10/14/2011             13  
                                 
Total Investment Liabilities   $     $ 13  
                 
 
 
(1) Has been pledged as collateral under the WestLB Facility.
(2) Has been pledged as collateral under the Wells Facility.
(3) All investments are less than 5% ownership of the class and ownership of the portfolio company.
(4) All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated and applies only to the Company’s debt investments. Amount is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include any additional fees related to the investment, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. The majority of the debt investments are at fixed rates for the term of the loan. For each debt investment, we have provided the current interest rate in effect as of September 30, 2011.
(5) Portfolio company is a public company.
(6) For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.

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MANAGEMENT
 
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our Board. Our Board consists of seven members, four of whom are not “interested persons” of our Company or of our Advisor as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act and are “independent” as determined by our Board, consistent with the rules of NASDAQ. We refer to these individuals as our “independent directors.” Our Board elects our officers, who serve at the discretion of our Board.
 
Board of Directors and Executive Officers
 
Our directors are divided into three classes. Each class of directors holds office for a three-year term. However, the initial members of the three classes have initial terms of one, two and three years, respectively. At each annual meeting of our stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose terms expire at such meeting will be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election. This classification of our Board may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our management. Each director will hold office for the term to which he or she is elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. Our Board may elect directors to fill vacancies that are created either through an increase in the number of directors or due to the resignation, removal or death of any director.
 
Directors
 
Information regarding our Board is set forth below. We have divided the directors into two groups — independent directors and interested directors. Interested directors are “interested persons” of the company as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.
 
                             
              Director
    Expiration of
 
Interested Director Name
  Age    
Position
  Since     Current Term  
 
Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.(1)
    60     Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board     2010       2013  
Gerald A. Michaud(1)
    59     President and Director     2010       2012  
David P. Swanson(2)
    38     Director     2010       2014  
 
                             
              Director
    Expiration of
 
Independent Director Name
  Age    
Position
  Since     Current Term  
 
James J. Bottiglieri
    55     Director     2010       2014  
Edmund V. Mahoney
    60     Director     2010       2012  
Brett N. Silvers
    56     Director     2010       2012  
Christopher B. Woodward
    62     Lead Independent Director     2010       2013  
 
 
(1) Interested person of the Company due to his position as an officer of the Company.
(2) Interested person of the Company due to his indirect ownership in the Advisor.
 
The address for each of Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Michaud and each of the independent directors is c/o Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032. The address for Mr. Swanson is Compass Group Management LLC, 61 Wilton Road, 2nd Floor, Westport, Connecticut 06880.


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Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors
 
Information regarding our executive officers who are not directors is as follows:
 
             
Name
  Age    
Position
 
Christopher M. Mathieu
    46     Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
John C. Bombara
    47     Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer
and Secretary
Daniel S. Devorsetz
    41     Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer
 
The address for each executive officer is c/o Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032.
 
Biographical Information
 
Interested Directors
 
Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors.  Mr. Pomeroy co-founded our Advisor in May 2003 and has been a managing member of our Advisor and its Chief Executive Officer since its inception. Mr. Pomeroy was President of GATX Ventures, Inc. (a subsidiary of GATX Corporation engaged in the venture lending business) from July 2000 to April 2003, with full profit and loss responsibility including managing a staff of 39 and chairing the investment committee with credit authority. GATX Ventures, Inc. had total assets of over $270 million. Before joining GATX Ventures in July 2000, Mr. Pomeroy was Executive Vice President of Transamerica Business Credit (a subsidiary of Transamerica Corporation engaged in the venture lending business) and a co-founder of its Transamerica Technology Finance division. Mr. Pomeroy was the general manager of Transamerica Technology Finance from September 1996 to July 2000, with full profit and loss responsibility, credit authority and responsibility for a staff of 50 and over $480 million in assets. Prior to co-founding Transamerica Technology Finance in September 1996, Mr. Pomeroy served from January 1989 to August 1996 as Senior Vice President and chaired the investment committee of Financing for Science International, Inc., a publicly traded venture financing and healthcare leasing company that was acquired by Finova Capital Corporation in August 1996. Mr. Pomeroy started his career with Crocker Bank in 1974 and has over 35 years of diversified lending and leasing experience. Mr. Pomeroy earned both a Master of Business Administration and a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of California at Berkeley.
 
Gerald A. Michaud, President and Director.  Mr. Michaud co-founded our Advisor in May 2003 and has been a managing member of our Advisor and its President since its inception. From July 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Michaud was Senior Vice President of GATX Ventures, Inc. and its senior business development executive. From September 1996 to July 2000, Mr. Michaud was Senior Vice President of Transamerica Business Credit and a co-founder of its Transamerica Technology Finance division. Mr. Michaud was the senior business development executive for Transamerica Technology Finance with oversight of more than $700 million in loans funded. From May 1993 to September 1996, Mr. Michaud served as a Vice President of Financing for Science International, Inc. Prior to 1993, Mr. Michaud founded and served as President of Venture Leasing and Capital. Mr. Michaud attended Northeastern University, Rutgers University and the University of Phoenix, completed a commercial credit training program with Shawmut Bank and has taken executive courses at Harvard Business School.
 
David P. Swanson, Director.  Mr. Swanson has been a partner in The Compass Group since December 2005 and has been with The Compass Group and its affiliates since August 2001, serving as a Vice President from August 2001 to December 2003 and a Principal from December 2003 to December 2005. He is a member of the board of directors of AFM Holding Corporation, Liberty Safe Holding Corporation and CamelBak Acquisition Corp. From August 1996 to July 1998, Mr. Swanson was with Goldman Sachs in the Financial Institutions and Distressed Debt practices. Mr. Swanson earned a Master of Business Administration from the Harvard Business School MBA program and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the University of Chicago, where he was elected Phi Beta Kappa.


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Independent Directors
 
James J. Bottiglieri, Director.  Mr. Bottiglieri has served as a director of Compass Diversified Holdings, Inc. (“CODI”) since December 2005, as well as its chief financial officer since its inception in November 2005. Mr. Bottiglieri has also been an executive vice president of CODI’s external manager since 2005. Previously, Mr. Bottiglieri was the senior vice president/controller of WebMD Corporation. Prior to that, Mr. Bottiglieri was with Star Gas Corporation and a predecessor firm to KPMG LLP. Mr. Bottiglieri is a graduate of Pace University. Mr. Bottiglieri serves as a director for a majority of CODI’s subsidiary companies.
 
Edmund V. Mahoney, Director.  Mr. Mahoney is Vice President, Investments (Chief Investment Officer) of Vantis Life Insurance Company (“Vantis Life”) and is responsible for all of its investment and portfolio management activities. Prior to joining Vantis Life in 2009, Mr. Mahoney was Senior Vice President, Compliance of Hartford Investment Management Company from 1994 through 2009, an investment adviser registered with the SEC with nearly $150 billion of assets under management. From 1986 through 1994, Mr. Mahoney was Assistant Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of Aetna Life and Casualty Company, responsible for international finance, foreign exchange risk management, cash management and leasing activities. From 1979 through 1984, Mr. Mahoney was assistant treasurer of Urban Investment and Development Company, a real estate development and management company located in Chicago, Illinois, responsible for the company’s risk management, commercial paper and construction loan programs. Mr. Mahoney earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Colby College, a Master of Business Administration (with distinction) from Babson College and attended real estate finance related post graduate courses at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
 
Brett N. Silvers, Director.  Mr. Silvers has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of WorldBusiness Capital, Inc. since he founded it in 2003. He was previously the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of First International Bancorp, Inc. (NASDAQ: FNCE) for 13 years, during which time he led the bank’s expansion, successful initial public offering and sale to a Fortune 100 Company. Mr. Silvers currently serves on the Industry Trade Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business of the U.S. Department of Commerce/Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. He has also served on the Board of Regents of the University of Hartford, the Board of Directors of the Private Export Funding Corporation, the New England Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Advisory Committee of the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Mr. Silvers received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Yale University and Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy from The Fletcher School, Tufts University.
 
Christopher B. Woodward, Lead Independent Director.  Mr. Woodward is a private investor and corporate finance business advisor. He has previously held several domestic and global management positions as a Director, Deputy Chief Executive Officer and acting Chief Financial Officer with Canterbury of New Zealand from 2000 through 2009, as Vice President-Corporate Finance with Montgomery Securities and its predecessors from 1983 through 1987 and as a senior finance and management executive with various other large and small public and private enterprises. Mr. Woodward began his career with Coopers & Lybrand (a predecessor firm to PricewaterhouseCoopers) where he was a Certified Public Accountant engaged in providing audit, tax and financial advisory services to various sized public and private companies across a number of industries from 1973 through 1980. During such time, he was involved in that firm’s early Silicon Valley practice as it assisted emerging, venture-backed growth companies. Mr. Woodward earned both Bachelor of Science and Master in Business Administration degrees from the Haas School at the University of California, Berkeley.
 
Executive Officers who are not Directors
 
Christopher M. Mathieu, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.  Mr. Mathieu is an original member of the team that founded our Advisor in May 2003 and its Chief Financial Officer since inception. Mr. Mathieu has been involved in the accounting, finance and venture debt industries for more than 22 years. From July 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Mathieu was Vice President — Life Sciences of GATX Ventures, Inc. and the primary business development officer for the life science sector. From September 1996 to July 2000, Mr. Mathieu was Vice President — Life Sciences of Transamerica Business Credit’s Technology Finance division where, in addition to co-developing and implementing the business plan used to form the division, he was the primary business development officer responsible for the life science sector and was directly responsible for more than $200 million


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in loan originations. From March 1993 to September 1996, Mr. Mathieu was a Vice President, Finance at Financing for Science International, Inc. Prior to March 1993, Mr. Mathieu was a manager with the financial services group of KPMG working with both public and private banks and commercial finance companies. Mr. Mathieu graduated with honors from Western New England College with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration degree in accounting and is a Certified Public Accountant, chartered in the State of Connecticut.
 
John C. Bombara, Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary.  Mr. Bombara is an original member of the team that founded our Advisor in May 2003 and has been its Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer since our Advisor’s inception. Mr. Bombara handles all legal functions for our Advisor, including overseeing the negotiation and documentation of its investments. Mr. Bombara has more than 20 years of experience providing legal services to financial institutions and other entities and individuals. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Bombara served as in-house counsel for GATX Ventures, Inc. from December 2000 to May 2003 where he directed the legal operations of the GATX Ventures’ east coast office in closing and managing its portfolio of debt and equity investments in technology and life science companies throughout the United States. Mr. Bombara also represented GATX Corporation’s other venture lending units in Canada and Europe. In addition, Mr. Bombara was responsible for assisting and advising senior management, credit analysts and marketing directors with respect to appropriate deal structures, market trends, risk management and compliance with corporate policies and worked with co-participant’s business personnel and counsel in facilitating and coordinating joint investments. Prior to joining GATX, Mr. Bombara was a partner at the business law firm of Pepe & Hazard, LLP. Mr. Bombara received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Colgate University and his Juris Doctor degree from Cornell Law School.
 
Daniel S. Devorsetz, Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer.  Mr. Devorsetz joined our Advisor in October 2004 and has been its Senior Vice President and the Chief Credit Officer since such time. He is responsible for underwriting and portfolio management. Mr. Devorsetz has more than 15 years of financial services and lending experience, including spending the past 10 years in the venture lending industry. Prior to joining the team, from May 2003 to October 2004, Mr. Devorsetz was a Vice President in General Electric Capital Corporation’s Life Science Finance Group, where he was primarily responsible for the underwriting and portfolio management of debt and equity investments to venture capital-backed life science companies. Prior to that, from December 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Devorsetz was a Credit Manager at GATX Ventures, Inc. concentrating on the high tech and software industries. He was also a member of GATX’s international credit committee. From July 1999 to December 2000, Mr. Devorsetz was a Vice President and Director of Analysis for Student Loans with Citigroup. Mr. Devorsetz’s previous experience includes tenures in private placement investment banking and securitizations at Advest, Inc. and Ironwood Capital. Mr. Devorsetz received his Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University.
 
Committees of the Board of Directors
 
Our Board has the following board committees:
 
Audit Committee.  The members of the audit committee are James J. Bottiglieri, Brett N. Silvers and Christopher B. Woodward, each of whom are independent for purposes of the 1940 Act and NASDAQ corporate governance listing standards. James J. Bottiglieri serves as the chairman of the audit committee and is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under the SEC rules. The audit committee operates pursuant to a written charter approved by our Board that sets forth the responsibilities of the audit committee. The audit committee is responsible for selecting our independent accountants, reviewing the plans, scope and results of the audit engagement with our independent accountants, approving professional services provided by our independent accountants, reviewing the independence of our independent accountants and reviewing the adequacy of our internal accounting controls. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the audit committee met one time.
 
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.  The members of the nominating and corporate governance committee are James J. Bottiglieri, Brett N. Silvers and Edmund V. Mahoney, each of whom are independent for purposes of the 1940 Act and the NASDAQ corporate governance listing standards. Edmund V. Mahoney serves as the chairman of the nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee operates pursuant to a written charter approved by our Board. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for identifying, researching and nominating directors for election by


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our stockholders, selecting nominees to fill vacancies on our Board or a committee of our Board, developing and recommending to our Board a set of corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of our Board and our management. Our procedures for stockholder nominees for director are described under “Description of Common Stock That We May Issue — Anti-takeover Effects of Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, the DGCL and Other Arrangements.” For the year ended December 31, 2010, the nominating and corporate governance committee met one time.
 
Compensation Committee.  We do not have a compensation committee because our executive officers do not receive any direct compensation from us. Decisions regarding executive compensation, to the extent they arise, will be made by the independent directors on our Board.
 
Compensation of Directors
 
The following table sets forth compensation received by our directors during the period from October 28, 2010 to December 31, 2010. No compensation was paid prior to our IPO, which includes the period from January 1, 2010 to October 28, 2010.
 
                 
    Fees Earned
   
    or Paid in
   
Name
  Cash(1)(2)   Total
 
Interested Directors
               
Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr. 
    None       None  
Gerald A. Michaud
    None       None  
David P. Swanson
    None       None  
                 
Independent Directors
               
James J. Bottiglieri
  $ 28,750     $ 28,750  
Edmund V. Mahoney
  $ 23,750     $ 23,750  
Brett N. Silvers
  $ 23,750     $ 23,750  
Christopher B. Woodward
  $ 26,250     $ 26,250  
 
(1) For a discussion of the independent directors’ compensation, see below.
(2) We do not maintain a stock or option plan, non-equity incentive plan or pension plan for our directors.
 
As compensation for serving on our Board, each of our independent directors receives an annual fee of $35,000. Each member of the audit committee is paid an annual fee of $7,500 and each member of each other committee is paid an annual fee of $5,000. In addition, the chairman of the audit committee receives an additional annual fee of $10,000 and each chairman of any other committee receives an additional annual fee of $7,500 for their additional services, if any, in these capacities. Our lead independent director is also paid an annual fee of $10,000. We reimburse all our directors for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending our Board and committee meetings. No compensation is, or is expected to be, paid to directors who are “interested persons” of the Company, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.
 
Leadership Structure of the Board of Directors and its Role in Risk Oversight
 
Our Chief Executive Officer, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., is Chairman of our Board and an “interested person” under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. Christopher B. Woodward is our lead independent director and presides over executive sessions of independent directors. Under our bylaws, our Board is not required to have an independent chairman. Many significant corporate governance duties of our Board are executed by committees of independent directors, each of which has an independent chairman. We believe that it is in the best interests of our stockholders for Mr. Pomeroy to lead our Board because of his broad experience. See “— Biographical Information — Interested Directors” for a description of Mr. Pomeroy’s experience. As a co-founder of our Advisor, Mr. Pomeroy has demonstrated a track record of achievement on strategic and operating aspects of our business. While our Board regularly evaluates alternative structures, we believe that, as a BDC, it is appropriate for one of our co-founders, Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Advisor’s investment committee to perform


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the functions of Chairman of the Board, including leading discussions of strategic issues we expect to face. We believe the current structure of our Board provides appropriate guidance and oversight while also enabling ample opportunity for direct communication and interaction between management and our Board.
 
There are a number of significant risks facing us which are described under the heading “Risk Factors.” Our Board uses its judgment to create and maintain policies and practices designed to limit or manage the risks we face, including: (1) the establishment of board-approved policies and procedures designed to serve our interests, (2) the application of these policies uniformly to directors, management and third-party service providers, (3) the establishment of independent board committees with clearly defined risk oversight functions and (4) review and analysis by the Board of reports by management and certain third-party service providers. Accordingly, our Board has approved a code of ethics to promote ethical conduct and prohibit certain transactions that could pose significant risks to us. Our Board has established a related party transaction review policy, under which it monitors the risks related to certain transactions that present a conflict of interest on a quarterly basis. Our Board has also established and approved an investment valuation process to manage risks relating to the valuations of our investments and to ensure that our financial statements appropriately reflect the performance of our portfolio of assets. Additionally, through the delegated authority of our Board, the audit committee has primary oversight over risks relating to our internal controls over financial reporting and audit-related risks, while the nominating and corporate governance committee has primary oversight over risks relating to corporate governance and oversees the evaluation of our Board and our management. Under this oversight structure, our management team manages the risks facing us in our day-to-day operations. We caution you, however, that although our Board believes it has established an effective system of oversight, no risk management system can eliminate risks or ensure that particular events do not adversely affect our business.
 
Directors’ Qualifications and Review of Director Nominees
 
Our nominating and corporate governance committee of our Board makes recommendations to our Board regarding the size and composition of our Board. The nominating and corporate governance committee annually reviews with our Board the composition of our Board, as a whole, and recommends, if necessary, measures to be taken so that our Board reflects the appropriate balance of knowledge, experience, skills, expertise and diversity required for our Board, as a whole, and contains at least the minimum number of independent directors required by applicable laws and regulations. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for ensuring that the composition of the members of our Board accurately reflects the needs of our business and, in furtherance of this goal, proposing the addition of members and the necessary resignation of members for purposes of obtaining the appropriate members and skills. Our directors should possess such attributes and experience as are necessary to provide a broad range of personal characteristics including diversity, management skills, financial skills and technological and business experience. Our directors should also be able to commit the requisite time for preparation and attendance at regularly scheduled Board and committee meetings, as well as be able to participate in other matters necessary to ensure good corporate governance is practiced.
 
In evaluating a director candidate, the nominating and corporate governance committee considers factors that are in our best interests and our stockholders’ best interests, including the knowledge, experience, integrity and judgment of each candidate; the potential contribution of each candidate to the diversity of backgrounds, experience and competencies which our Board desires to have represented; each candidate’s ability to devote sufficient time and effort to his or her duties as a director; independence and willingness to consider all strategic proposals; any other criteria established by our Board and any core competencies or technical expertise necessary to staff our Board’s committees. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee assesses whether a candidate possesses the integrity, judgment, knowledge, experience, skills and expertise that are likely to enhance our Board’s ability to manage and direct our affairs and business, including, when applicable, to enhance the ability of committees of our Board to fulfill their duties. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee may consider self-and peer-evaluations provided by each current director to determine, among other things, that the directors work well together and operate together effectively.
 
In addition to fulfilling the above criteria, four of the seven directors named above are considered independent under NASDAQ rules (Mr. Pomeroy, Mr. Michaud and Mr. Swanson being the exception as Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Michaud are employees of our Advisor and Mr. Swanson is an indirect owner of the Advisor), and the


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nominating and corporate governance committee believes that all seven nominees are independent of the influence of any particular stockholder or group of stockholders whose interests may diverge from the interests of our stockholders as a whole.
 
Each director brings a strong and unique background and set of skills to our Board, giving our Board, as a whole, competence and experience in a wide variety of areas, including corporate governance and board service, executive management, finance, private equity, workout and turnaround situations, manufacturing and marketing. Set forth below are our conclusions with regard to our directors.
 
Mr. Pomeroy has more than 35 years of experience in diversified lending and leasing, including positions in sales, marketing, and senior management. He has held the positions as chief executive officer or general manager of each organization which he has led since 1996. His responsibilities have included: accountability for the overall profit and loss of the organization, credit authority and credit committee oversight, strategic planning, human resource oversight including hiring, termination and compensation, reporting compliance for his business unit, investor relations, fund raising and all aspects of corporate governance. Mr. Pomeroy founded and has operated our Advisor, a Venture Lending management company. Prior to founding our Advisor, Mr. Pomeroy was the Senior Vice President of Financing for Science International, Inc., Executive Vice President of Transamerica Business Credit and the General Manager of its Technology Finance Division and President of GATX Ventures, Inc. This experience has provided him with the extensive judgment, experience, skills and knowledge to make a significant contribution as Chairman of our Board and supporting its ability to govern our affairs and business.
 
Mr. Michaud has been President of our Advisor since its formation. He has extensive knowledge and expertise in venture lending and has developed, implemented and executed on marketing strategies and products targeted at the venture backed technology and life science markets for a period of over 20 years. In addition, he has extensive knowledge in the formation of compensation plans for key employees involved in the marketing of venture loans. He is a member of our Advisor’s Credit Committee responsible for approving all investments made by us and oversight of our portfolio. He has held senior management positions with several venture lending organizations within public companies, including Transamerica Business Credit and GATX Ventures, Inc. As senior vice president and senior business development officer at Transamerica, he was responsible for more than $700 million in loan transactions. This experience, particularly with respect to marketing and business development, has provided Mr. Michaud with the judgment, knowledge, experience, skills and expertise that are likely to enhance our Board’s ability to manage and direct our affairs.
 
Mr. Swanson is a partner in The Compass Group and currently serves on the board of directors of three privately held companies. With additional experience and knowledge gained from other board positions on various committees on private portfolio companies, he has a broad base of experience and skills to bring to our Board. Mr. Swanson has gained extensive experience as a partner with The Compass Group in evaluating and structuring transactions, completing due diligence, executing and closing on acquisitions and structuring financings of operating companies, as well as taking privately held companies public. Prior to The Compass Group, he gained experience in investment banking, including capital raising and business strategy and execution. Mr. Swanson provides our Board with expertise in business and corporate governance matters and assists our Board in its ability to manage and direct our affairs.
 
Mr. Bottiglieri brings to our Board substantial experience in identifying, managing and resolving accounting, tax and other financial issues often encountered by public companies through his positions as the chief financial officer and a director of CODI, as well as a director for a majority of CODI’s subsidiary companies, and as the senior vice president/controller of WebMD. In addition, as the chief financial officer and director of a public company, CODI, Mr. Bottiglieri has developed an extensive understanding of the various periodic reporting requirements and corporate governance compliance matters that assists our Board in managing and directing our affairs. This experience, particularly with respect to the areas of accounting and corporate governance, provides our Board with expertise that assists our Board in its ability to manage and direct our affairs.
 
Mr. Mahoney brings to our Board pertinent experience in portfolio management, as well as in-depth knowledge of investment advisor compliance, funds management and performance measurement and pricing of investments. In addition, through his past experiences he has unique knowledge of international finance, as well as risk management strategies for foreign exchange and property and casualty operations. This vast experience,


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particularly in the areas of business, risk management and compliance matters that affect investment companies, enhances our Board’s ability to manage and direct our affairs.
 
Mr. Silvers is a former chief executive officer and director of a public company and FDIC-insured bank. He brings to our Board extensive knowledge of domestic lending to small and midsize businesses. From his experience as the current chief executive officer of a commercial finance company, Mr. Silvers provides the Board with specialized expertise in U.S. government guaranteed lending. His government and regulatory experience, garnered through his roles as a member of important advisory committees, councils and boards of directors relevant to our business, complements our Board’s oversight of our Company and enhances its ability to manage and direct our affairs.
 
Mr. Woodward brings to our Board a deep understanding of corporate finance, including experience with private placements, public offerings, venture capital investing, international management and financial advising and restructuring. Additionally, as a practicing CPA with a leading firm, Mr. Woodward gained extensive accounting and audit experience. Mr. Woodward’s financial and accounting expertise enhances the Board’s oversight of our company and its ability to manage and direct our affairs.


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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
 
We have entered into the Investment Management Agreement with the Advisor. The Advisor is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. The investment activities are managed by the Advisor and supervised by the Board, the majority of whom are independent directors. Under the Investment Management Agreement, we have agreed to pay the Advisor an annual management fee based on its adjusted gross assets as well as an incentive fee based on our investment performance.
 
Messrs. Pomeroy and Michaud control HTFM, our Advisor and Administrator.
 
We have also entered into the Administration Agreement with the Administrator. Under the Administration Agreement, we have agreed to reimburse the Administrator for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent and our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our General Counsel and Secretary, Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Financial Officer and their respective staffs. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Administration Agreement the Administrator provides us with the office facilities and administrative services necessary to conduct our day-to-day operations.
 
The predecessor of the Advisor has granted the Company a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “Horizon Technology Finance.”
 
In October 2010, we entered into a registration rights agreement with respect to 2,645,124 shares acquired by Compass Horizon Partners, LP and HTF-CHF Holdings LLC in connection with the exchange of membership interests in Compass Horizon for shares of our common stock. As a result and subject to the terms and conditions of the registration rights agreement, at any time following 365 days after the completion of our IPO the holders of a majority-in-interest of the shares subject to the registration rights agreement (including permitted transferees) can require up to a maximum of three times that we file a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to the resale of all or a part of the shares. In addition, the registration rights agreement also provides for piggyback registration rights with respect to any future registrations of the Company’s equity securities and the right to require us to register the resale of our shares on a “shelf” Form N-2 at any time following 365 days after the completion of the Company’s IPO. In connection with the IPO, Compass Horizon Partners, LP sold 1,340,000 shares. We are registering 1,305,124 shares pursuant to our contractual obligations under the registration rights agreement, as well as a total of 17,545 shares acquired by selling stockholders pursuant to our dividend reinvestment plan.
 
We believe that we derive substantial benefits from our relationship with our Advisor. Our Advisor may manage other investment vehicles (“Advisor Funds”) with the same investment strategy as us. The Advisor may provide us an opportunity to co-invest with the Advisor Funds. Under the 1940 Act, absent receipt of exemptive relief from the SEC, we and our affiliates may be precluded from co-investing in such investments. Accordingly, we may apply for exemptive relief which would permit us to co-invest subject to certain conditions, including, without limitation, approval of such investments by both a majority of our directors who have no financial interest in such transaction and a majority of directors who are not interested directors as defined in the 1940 Act.


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OUR ADVISOR
 
Our Advisor is located at 312 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 and serves as our investment advisor pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement. Our Advisor is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. Subject to the overall supervision of our Board, our Advisor manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory and management services to, us.
 
Portfolio Management
 
The management of our investment portfolio is the responsibility of our Advisor’s executive officers and its investment committee. The investment committee currently consists of Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of our Advisor, Gerald A. Michaud, President of our Advisor, Daniel S. Devorsetz, Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of our Advisor, and Kevin T. Walsh, Vice President and Senior Credit Officer of our Advisor. For more information regarding the business experiences of Messrs. Pomeroy, Michaud and Devorsetz, see “Management — Biographical Information — Interested Directors” and “Management — Biographical Information — Executive Officers who are not Directors.”
 
Below is the biography for the portfolio manager whose biography has not been included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
Kevin T. Walsh, Vice President, Senior Credit Officer of Our Advisor.  Mr. Walsh has been the Senior Credit Officer of our Advisor since joining our Advisor in March 2006. Mr. Walsh is responsible for the underwriting of initial investments and the ongoing review of the portfolio accounts. Mr. Walsh has over 16 years of experience working with early stage, venture backed technology and life science companies. Prior to joining our Advisor in March 2006, Mr. Walsh was a Senior Vice President and Market Manager for Bridge Bank’s Technology Banking and Capital Finance Divisions from September 2004 to March 2006 where he was responsible for new business generation as well as risk management activities within the Bank’s asset-based lending sector. Prior to Bridge Bank, Mr. Walsh was a Vice President and Relationship Manager for Silicon Valley Bank in the Communication & Electronics Practice from September 1994 to June 2004. Mr. Walsh is a graduate of the California State University at Hayward, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration.
 
The compensation of the members of the senior management committee of our Advisor are paid by our Advisor and includes an annual base salary, in certain cases an annual bonus based on an assessment of short-term and long-term performance and a portion of the incentive fee, if any, paid to our Advisor. In addition, Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Michaud have equity interests in our Advisor and may receive distributions of profits in respect of those interests. See “Control Persons and Principal Stockholders” for information on ownership by portfolio managers of our securities.


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INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENTS
 
Our Advisor serves as our investment advisor and is registered as such under the Advisers Act. Our Advisor manages our day-to-day operations and also provides all administrative services necessary for us to operate.
 
Investment Management Agreement
 
Under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, our Advisor:
 
  •  determines the composition of our portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes;
 
  •  identifies, evaluates and negotiates the structure of the investments we make (including performing due diligence on our prospective portfolio companies); and
 
  •  closes, monitors and administers the investments we make, including the exercise of any voting or consent rights.
 
Our Advisor’s services under the Investment Management Agreement are not exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar services to other entities so long as its services to us are not impaired.
 
Management Fee
 
Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, we pay our Advisor a fee for investment advisory and management services consisting of a base management fee and an incentive fee.
 
Base Management Fee.  The base management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of our gross assets, payable monthly in arrears. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the term “gross assets” includes any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage.
 
Incentive Fee.  The incentive fee has two parts, as follows:
 
The first part is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter. For this purpose, Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees (other than fees for providing managerial assistance), such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees and fees for providing significant managerial assistance or other fees that we receive from portfolio companies) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus our operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses payable under the Administration Agreement, and any interest expense and any dividends paid on any issued and outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash. The incentive fee with respect to our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income is 20.00% of the amount, if any, by which our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds a 1.75% (which is 7.00% annualized) hurdle rate and a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, our Advisor receives no incentive fee until our net investment income equals the hurdle rate of 1.75%, but then receives, as a “catch-up,” 100.00% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.1875%. The effect of this provision is that, if Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds 2.1875% in any calendar quarter, our Advisor receives 20.00% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if a hurdle rate did not apply.
 
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that we may pay an incentive fee in a quarter where we incur a loss. For example, if we receive Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income in excess of the quarterly minimum hurdle rate, we pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and unrealized capital losses. Our net investment income used to calculate this part of the incentive fee is also included in the amount of our gross assets used to calculate the 2.00%


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base management fee. These calculations are appropriately pro rated for any period of less than three months and adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the quarter for which the calculations are made.
 
The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the income-related portion of the incentive fee:
 
Quarterly Incentive Fee Based on Net Investment Income
 
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets)
 
(CHART)
 
Percentage of Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income allocated to first part of incentive fee
 
The second part of the incentive fee is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Investment Management Agreement, as of the termination date), commencing on December 31, 2010, and equals 20% of our realized capital gains, if any, on a cumulative basis from the date of our election to be a BDC through the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less all previous amounts paid in respect of the capital gain incentive fee provided that the incentive fee determined as of December 31, 2010 was calculated for a period of shorter than twelve calendar months in order to take into account the realized capital gains computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation for the period beginning on the date of our election to be a BDC and ending December 31, 2010.
 
Examples of Incentive Fee Calculation
 
Example 1: Income Related Portion of Incentive Fee for Each Fiscal Quarter
 
Alternative 1
 
Assumptions:
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 1.25%
Hurdle rate(1) = 1.75%
Management fee(2)= 0.50%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3)= 0.20%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(investment income − (management fee + other expenses)) = 0.55%
 
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed hurdle rate; therefore, there is no income-related incentive fee.
 
Alternative 2
 
Assumptions:
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 2.80%
Hurdle rate(1) = 1.75%
Management fee(2) = 0.50%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.20%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(investment income − (management fee + other expenses)) = 2.10%
Incentive fee = 100.00% × Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (subject to “catch-up”)(4)
= 100.00% × (2.10% − 1.75%)
= 0.35%


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Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds the hurdle rate, but does not fully satisfy the “catch-up” provision; therefore, the income related portion of the incentive fee is 0.35%.
 
Alternative 3
 
Assumptions:
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 3.00%
Hurdle rate(1) = 1.75%
Management fee(2) = 0.50%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.20%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(investment income − (management fee + other expenses)) = 2.30%
 
Incentive fee = 100.00% × Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (subject to “catch-up”)(4)
 
Incentive fee = 100.00% × “catch-up” + (20.00% × (Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income − 2.1875%))
 
Catch up = 2.1875% − 1.75%
= 0.4375%
 
Incentive fee = (100.00% × 0.4375%) + (20.00% × (2.30% − 2.1875%))
= 0.4375% + (20.00% × 0.1125%)
= 0.4375% + 0.0225%
= 0.46%
 
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds the hurdle rate, and fully satisfies the “catch-up” provision; therefore, the income related portion of the incentive fee is 0.46%.
 
(1) Represents 7.00% annualized hurdle rate.
(2) Represents 2.00% annualized base management fee.
(3) Excludes organizational and offering expenses.
(4) The “catch-up” provision is intended to provide our Advisor with an incentive fee of 20.00% on all Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if a hurdle rate did not apply when our net investment income exceeds 2.1875% in any fiscal quarter.
 
Example 2: Capital Gains Portion of Incentive Fee
 
Alternative 1
 
Assumptions:
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), and $30 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”)
 
Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million and fair market value (“FMV”) of Investment B determined to be $32 million
 
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million
 
Year 4: Investment B sold for $31 million
 
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee, if any, would be:
 
Year 1: None (No sales transaction)
 
Year 2: Capital gains incentive fee of $6 million ($30 million realized capital gains on sale of Investment A multiplied by 20%)
 
Year 3: None; $5 million ((20% multiplied by ($30 million cumulative capital gains less $5 million cumulative capital depreciation)) less $6 million (previous capital gains fee paid in Year 2))
 
Year 4: Capital gains incentive fee of $200,000; $6.2 million (($31 million cumulative realized capital gains multiplied by 20%) less $6 million (capital gains incentive fee taken in Year 2))


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Alternative 2
 
Assumptions:
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), $30 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”) and $25 million investment made in Company C (“Investment C”)
 
Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million, FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million and FMV of Investment C determined to be $25 million
 
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $27 million and Investment C sold for $30 million
 
Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million
 
Year 5: Investment B sold for $20 million
 
The capital gains incentive fee, if any, would be:
 
Year 1: None (no sales transaction)
 
Year 2: $5 million capital gains incentive fee (20% multiplied by $25 million ($30 million realized capital gains on Investment A less unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B))
 
Year 3: $1.4 million capital gains incentive fee(1) ($6.4 million (20% multiplied by $32 million ($35 million cumulative realized capital gains less $3 million unrealized capital depreciation)) less $5 million capital gains incentive fee received in Year 2
 
Year 4: None (no sales transaction)
 
Year 5: None ($5 million (20% multiplied by $25 million (cumulative realized capital gains of $35 million less realized capital losses of $10 million)) less $6.4 million cumulative capital gains incentive fee paid in Year 2 and Year 3(2)
 
The hypothetical amounts of returns shown are based on a percentage of our total net assets and assume no leverage. There is no guarantee that positive returns will be realized and actual returns may vary from those shown in this example.
 
(1) As illustrated in Year 3 of Alternative 1 above, if we were to be wound up on a date other than our fiscal year end of any year, we may have paid aggregate capital gains incentive fees that are more than the amount of such fees that would be payable if we had been wound up on its fiscal year end of such year.
(2) As noted above, it is possible that the cumulative aggregate capital gains fee received by the Investment Manager ($6.4 million) is effectively greater than $5 million (20.00% of cumulative aggregate realized capital gains less net realized capital losses or net unrealized depreciation ($25 million)).
 
Payment of our expenses
 
All investment professionals and staff of our Advisor, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of its personnel allocable to such services, are provided and paid for by our Advisor. We bear all other costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including, without limitation, those relating to:
 
  •  our organization;
 
  •  calculating our net asset value (including the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firms);
 
  •  expenses, including travel expense, incurred by our Advisor or payable to third parties performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies, monitoring our investments and, if necessary, enforcing our rights;
 
  •  interest payable on debt, if any, incurred to finance our investments;
 
  •  the costs of all future offerings of our common stock and other securities, if any;
 
  •  the base management fee and any incentive management fee;


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  •  distributions on our shares;
 
  •  administration fees payable under the Administration Agreement;
 
  •  the allocated costs incurred by Advisor as our Administrator in providing managerial assistance to those portfolio companies that request it;
 
  •  amounts payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, making investments;
 
  •  transfer agent and custodial fees;
 
  •  registration fees;
 
  •  listing fees;
 
  •  fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts;
 
  •  taxes;
 
  •  independent director fees and expenses;
 
  •  brokerage commissions;
 
  •  costs of preparing and filing reports or other documents with the SEC;
 
  •  the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to our stockholders, including printing costs;
 
  •  our allocable portion of the fidelity bond;
 
  •  directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums;
 
  •  indemnification payments;
 
  •  direct costs and expenses of administration, including audit and legal costs; and
 
  •  all other expenses incurred by us or the Administrator in connection with administering our business, such as the allocable portion of overhead under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our Chief Compliance Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and their respective staffs.
 
We reimburse our Advisor for costs and expenses incurred by our Advisor for office space rental, office equipment and utilities allocable to the performance by our Advisor of its duties under the Investment Management Agreement, as well as any costs and expenses incurred by our Advisor relating to any non-investment advisory, administrative or operating services provided by our Advisor to us or in the form of managerial assistance to portfolio companies that request it.
 
From time to time, our Advisor may pay amounts owed by us to third party providers of goods or services. We subsequently reimburse our Advisor for such amounts paid on our behalf.
 
Generally, our expenses are expensed as incurred in accordance with GAAP. To the extent we incur costs that should be capitalized and amortized into expense we also do so in accordance with GAAP, which may include amortizing such amount on a straight line basis over the life of the asset or the life of the services or product being performed or provided.
 
Limitation of liability and indemnification
 
The Investment Management Agreement provides that our Advisor and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and any other person or entity affiliated with our Advisor are not be liable to us for any act or omission by it in the supervision or management of our investment activities or for any loss sustained by us except for acts or omissions constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations under the Investment Management Agreement. The Investment Management Agreement also provides for indemnification by us of our Advisor and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and any other person or entity affiliated with our Advisor for liabilities incurred by them


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in connection with their services to us (including any liabilities associated with an action or suit by or in the right of us or our stockholders), but excluding liabilities for acts or omissions constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of their duties under the Investment Management Agreement subject to certain conditions.
 
Board approval of the Investment Management Agreement
 
Our Board held an in-person meeting on August 3, 2011, and considered and approved the Investment Management Agreement for another twelve month period. In its consideration of the Investment Management Agreement, our Board focused on information it had received relating to, among other things: (a) the nature, quality and extent of the advisory and other services to be provided to us by our Advisor; (b) comparative data with respect to advisory fees or similar expenses paid by other BDCs with similar investment objectives; (c) our projected operating expenses and expense ratio compared to BDCs with similar investment objectives; (d) any existing and potential sources of indirect income to our Advisor or the Administrator from their relationships with us and the profitability of those relationships; (e) information about the services to be performed and the personnel performing such services under the Investment Management Agreement; (f) the organizational capability and financial condition of our Advisor and its affiliates; (g) our Advisor’s practices regarding the selection and compensation of brokers that may execute our portfolio transactions and the brokers’ provision of brokerage and research services to our Advisor; and (h) the possibility of obtaining similar services from other third party service providers or through an internally managed structure.
 
Based on the information reviewed and the discussions related thereto, our Board, including a majority of the non-interested directors, concluded that the investment management fee rates are reasonable in relation to the services to be provided.
 
Duration and termination
 
The Investment Management Agreement was approved by our Board on October 25, 2010 and August 3, 2011. Unless terminated earlier as described below, it will continue in effect for a period of two years from its effective date. It will remain in effect from year to year thereafter if approved annually by our Board or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, including, in either case, approval by a majority of our directors who are not interested persons. The Investment Management Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty by delivering notice of termination upon not more than 60 days’ written notice to the other. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Business and Structure — Our Advisor can resign on 60 days’ notice, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement within that time, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.” We are dependent upon senior management personnel of our Advisor for our future success, and if our Advisor is unable to hire and retain qualified personnel or if our Advisor loses any member of its senior management team, our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.
 
Administration Agreement
 
We have entered into an Administration Agreement with the Administrator, to provide administrative services to us. For providing these services, facilities and personnel, we reimburse the Administrator for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our Chief Compliance Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and their respective staffs.
 
From time to time, the Administrator may pay amounts owed by us to third-party providers of goods or services. We subsequently reimburse the Administrator for such amounts paid on our behalf.


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License Agreement
 
We have entered into a license agreement with Horizon Technology Finance, LLC pursuant to which we were granted a non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the service mark “Horizon Technology Finance.” Under this agreement, we have a right to use the “Horizon Technology Finance” service mark for so long as the Investment Management Agreement with our Advisor is in effect. Other than with respect to this limited license, we have no legal right to the “Horizon Technology Finance” service mark.


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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
 
No person is deemed to control us, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.
 
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial and record ownership of our common stock as of December 13, 2011 by:
 
  •  each person known to us to own beneficially and of record more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock;
 
  •  each of our directors and each of our executive officers; and
 
  •  all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
 
The percentage of common stock outstanding is based on 7,636,532 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 13, 2011.
 
                 
        Percentage of
    Shares
  Common Stock
Name of Beneficial Owner
  Owned   Outstanding
 
Principal Stockholders
               
Compass Horizon Partners, LP(1)(3)
    1,271,414       16.6 %
HTF-CHF Holdings LLC(2)(3)
    51,255       *%