Form 6-k
FORM 6-K
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Report of Foreign Private Issuer
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date: April 23, 2007
Commission File Number: 001-33414
Denison Mines Corp.
(Translation of registrants name into English)
Atrium on Bay, 595 Bay Street, Suite 402, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form
20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F o Form 40-F þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ___
Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K
if submitted solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ___
Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K
if submitted to furnish a report or other document that the registrant foreign private
issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the
registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrants home
country), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrants
securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is
not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrants security holders, and,
if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or
other Commission filing on EDGAR.
Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the
registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes o No þ
If Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with
Rule 12g3-2(b): 82- ___
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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Denison Mines Corp.
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/s/ Sheila Colman
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Date: April 23, 2007 |
Sheila Colman |
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Canadian Counsel and Corporate Secretary |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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Exhibit Number |
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Description |
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1
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Technical Report on the Arizona Strip Uranium Project, Arizona USA dated February 26,
2007 |
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2
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Consent to filing of Technical Report |
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3
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Consent to filing of Technical Report |
3
Exhibit No. 1
TECHNICAL
REPORT ON THE
ARIZONA STRIP URANIUM PROJECT,
ARIZONA, U.S.A.
PREPARED FOR
DENISON MINES CORP.
Report
for NI 43-101
Author:
Thomas C. Pool, P.E.
David A. Ross, P. Geo.
February
26, 2007
SCOTT
WILSON ROSCOE POSTLE ASSOCIATES INC.
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www.rpacan.com |
SCOTT WILSON RPA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1 SUMMARY |
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1-1 |
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Executive Summary |
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1-1 |
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Conclusions |
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1-2 |
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Recommendations |
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1-3 |
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2 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE |
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2-1 |
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3 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS |
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3-1 |
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4 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION |
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4-1 |
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Kanab North |
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4-1 |
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Arizona 1 |
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4-1 |
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Canyon |
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4-2 |
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Pinenut |
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4-2 |
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5
ACCESSIBILITY, LOCAL RESOURCES, PHYSIOGRAPHY AND
INFRASTRUCTURE |
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5-1 |
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6 HISTORY |
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6-1 |
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Historical Mining Operations |
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6-3 |
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Historical Mineral Resources |
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6-4 |
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Historical Resource Estimate Comparison with Actual Production |
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6-7 |
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7 GEOLOGICAL SETTING |
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7-1 |
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Regional Geology |
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7-1 |
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Property Geology |
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7-3 |
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Kanab North |
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7-3 |
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Arizona 1 |
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7-3 |
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Canyon |
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7-3 |
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Pinenut |
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7-4 |
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8 DEPOSIT TYPES |
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8-1 |
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9 MINERALIZATION |
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9-1 |
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10 EXPLORATION |
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10-1 |
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11 DRILLING |
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11-1 |
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12 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH |
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12-1 |
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13 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES, SECURITY AND PROTOCOLS |
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13-1 |
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14 DATA VERIFICATION |
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14-1 |
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15 ADJACENT PROPERTIES |
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15-1 |
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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16 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING |
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16-1 |
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17 MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES |
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17-1 |
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General Statement |
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17-1 |
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Arizona 1 Deposit Resource Estimate |
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17-2 |
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Resource Database and Validation |
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17-2 |
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Cut-off Grade |
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17-4 |
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Geological Interpretation and 3D Solids |
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17-4 |
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Cutting High Grade Values |
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17-8 |
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Compositing |
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17-9 |
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Density |
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17-10 |
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Variography and Kriging Parameters |
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17-10 |
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Block Model |
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17-11 |
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Classification of Mineral Resources |
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17-18 |
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Mineral Resource Validation |
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17-18 |
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Canyon Deposit Resource Estimate |
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17-20 |
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Resource Database and Validation |
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17-20 |
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Cut-off Grade |
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17-21 |
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Geological Interpretation and 3D Solids |
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17-21 |
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Cutting High Grade Values |
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17-24 |
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Compositing |
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17-25 |
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Density |
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17-26 |
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Variography and Kriging Parameters |
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17-26 |
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Block Model |
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17-27 |
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Classification of Mineral Resources |
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17-32 |
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Mineral Resource Validation |
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17-32 |
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Pinenut Deposit Resource Estimate |
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17-34 |
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Resource Database and Validation |
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17-34 |
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Cut-off Grade |
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17-35 |
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Geological Interpretation and 3D Solids |
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17-35 |
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Cutting High Grade Values |
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17-38 |
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Compositing |
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17-39 |
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Density |
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17-40 |
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Variography and Kriging Parameters |
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17-40 |
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Block Model |
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17-41 |
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Mineral Resource Reporting |
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17-42 |
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Classification of Mineral Resources |
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17-47 |
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Mineral Resource Validation |
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17-47 |
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18 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION |
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18-1 |
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Historical Life of Mine Plans |
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18-1 |
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Processing |
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18-2 |
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Historical Operating Costs |
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18-2 |
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Uranium Market Analysis |
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18-3 |
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Environmental Considerations |
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18-5 |
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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19 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS |
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19-1 |
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20 RECOMMENDATIONS |
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20-1 |
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Budget |
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20-1 |
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21 REFERENCES |
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21-1 |
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22 SIGNATURE PAGE |
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22-1 |
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23 CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFICATIONS |
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23-1 |
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Thomas C.
Pool, P.E |
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23-1 |
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David A. Ross, M.Sc., P.Geo |
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23-3 |
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24 APPENDIX 1 |
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24-1 |
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Variograms (using Sage 2001 software) |
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24-1 |
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LIST OF TABLES
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Table 1-1 Inferred Mineral Resources February 2007 |
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1-3 |
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Table 1-2 Recommended Program and Budget |
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1-4 |
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Table 2-1 List of Abbreviations |
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2-3 |
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Table 6-1 Reserve/Resource Estimation Parameters Used by Energy Fuels |
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6-5 |
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Table 6-2 Energy Fuels Resource Estimates VS. Actual Production |
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6-7 |
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Table 15-1 Energy Fuels Production Summary Other Breccia Pipes |
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15-1 |
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Table 17-1 Inferred Mineral Resources February 2007 |
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17-2 |
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Table 17-2 Arizona 1 Gemcom Database Records |
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17-3 |
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Table 17-3 Arizona 1 Descriptive Statistics of eU3O8 (%) Values |
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17-7 |
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Table 17-4 Arizona 1 Descriptive Statistics of Cut eU3O8 (%) Values |
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17-9 |
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Table 17-5
Arizona 1 - Descriptive Statistics of eU3O8 (%) Composite Values |
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17-10 |
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Table 17-6 Arizona 1 - Search Strategy and Kriging Parameters |
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17-11 |
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Table 17-7 Arizona 1 Comparison of Kriging Versus Inverse Distance Squared
Method |
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17-19 |
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Table 17-8 Canyon Gemcom Database Records |
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17-20 |
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Table 17-9 Canyon Descriptive Statistics of eU3O8 (%) Values |
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17-24 |
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Table 17-10 Canyon Descriptive Statistics of Cut eU3O8 (%) Values |
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17-25 |
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Table 17-11 Canyon Descriptive Statistics of eU3O8 (%) Composite Values |
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17-26 |
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Table 17-12 Canyon Search Strategy and Kriging Parameters
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17-27 |
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Table 17-13
Canyon Comparison of Kriging Versus Inverse Distance Squared Method |
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17-33 |
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Table 17-14 Pinenut Gemcom Database Records |
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17-34 |
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Table 17-15 Pinenut Descriptive Statistics of eU3O8 (%) Values |
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17-38 |
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Table 17-16 Pinenut Descriptive Statistics of Cut eU3O8 (%) Values Inside 0.2%
Grade-Shell |
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17-39 |
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Table 17-17 Pinenut Descriptive Statistics of eU3O8 (%) Composite Values Inside
0.2% Grade-Shell |
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17-40 |
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Table 17-18 Pinenut Search Ellipse Parameters |
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17-41 |
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Table 17-19 Pinenut Variogram Parameters |
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17-41 |
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Table 17-20 Pinenut Comparison of Kriging Versus Inverse Distance Squared Method |
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17-48 |
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Table 18-1 Historical Operating Cost Estimates by Energy Fuels |
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18-3 |
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Table 19-1 Inferred Mineral Resources February 2007 |
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19-1 |
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Table 20-1 Recommended Program and Budget |
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20-2 |
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LIST OF FIGURES
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PAGE |
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Figure 4-1 Arizona Strip Regional Location Map |
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4-3 |
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Figure 4-2 Kanab North Mine Property Location Map |
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4-4 |
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Figure 4-3 Arizona 1 Mine Property Location Map |
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4-5 |
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Figure 4-4 Canyon Mine Property Location Map |
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4-6 |
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Figure 4-5 Pinenut Mine Property Location Map |
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4-7 |
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Figure 7-1 Stratigraphic Secton, Grand Canyon, Arizona |
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7-2 |
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Figure 17-1 Isometric View of Arizona 1 Grade-shell Wireframes (looking north) |
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17-5 |
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Figure 17-2 Isometric View of Arizona 1 Grade-shell Wireframes (looking east) |
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17-6 |
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Figure 17-3
Quartile-Quartile Plot of
eU3O8 Values from Surface versus Undergound
Drill Holes |
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17-7 |
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Figure 17-4 Frequency Distribution of eU3O8 Values within the 0.2% eU3O8 Grade-Shell Wireframe for Arizona 1 |
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17-9 |
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Figure 17-5 Arizona 1 Planview 4,440Z |
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17-12 |
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Figure 17-6 Arizona 1 Planview 4,370Z |
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17-13 |
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Figure 17-7 Arizona 1 Planview 4,340Z |
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17-14 |
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Figure 17-8 Arizona 1 Planview 4,210Z |
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17-15 |
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Figure 17-9 Arizona 1 Planview 4,170Z |
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17-16 |
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Figure 17-10 Arizona 1 Planview 4,140Z |
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17-17 |
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Figure 17-11 Isometric View of Canyon Grade-Shell Wireframes (Looking North) |
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17-22 |
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Figure 17-12 Isometric View of Canyon Grade-Shell Wireframes (Looking East) |
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17-23 |
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Figure 17-13 Frequency Distribution of eU3O8 Values Within the 0.2% eU3O8 Grade-Shell Wireframe for Canyon |
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17-25 |
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Figure 17-14 Canyon Planview 5,250Z |
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17-28 |
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Figure 17-15 Canyon Planview 5,200Z |
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17-29 |
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Figure 17-16 Canyon Planview 4,875Z |
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17-30 |
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Figure 17-17 Canyon Planview 4,725Z |
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17-31 |
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Figure 17-18 Isometric View of Pinenut Wireframe Shells (Looking North) |
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17-36 |
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Figure 17-19 Isometric View of Pinenut Grade-Shell Wireframes (Looking East) |
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17-37 |
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Figure 17-20 Frequency Distribution of eU3O8 Values within the 0.2% eU3O8 Grade-Shell Wireframe for Pinenut |
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17-39 |
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Figure 17-21 Pinenut Planview 4,280Z |
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17-43 |
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Figure 17-22 Pinenut Planview 4,260Z |
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17-44 |
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Figure 17-23 Pinenut Planview 4,240Z |
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17-45 |
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Figure 17-24 Pinenut Planview 4,220Z |
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17-46 |
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LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES
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Figure 24-1 Downhole Variogram Arizona 1 |
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24-1 |
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Figure 24-2 Directional (090/00) Variogram Arizona 1 |
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24-1 |
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Figure 24-3 Directional (090/-45) Variogram Arizona 1 |
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24-2 |
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Figure 24-4 Directional (000/-65) Variogram Arizona 1 |
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24-2 |
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Figure 24-5 Directional (000/-90) Variogram Arizona 1 |
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24-3 |
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Figure 24-6 Downhole Variogram Canyon |
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24-3 |
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Figure 24-7 Downhole Variogram Pinenut |
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24-4 |
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Figure 24-8 Directional (090/00) Variogram Pinenut |
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24-4 |
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Figure 24-9 Directional (000/-15) Variogram Pinenut |
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24-5 |
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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1 SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (Scott Wilson RPA) has been requested by
Denison Mines Corp. (Denison) to prepare an independent Technical Report on the Arizona Strip
Uranium Project located in northern Arizona, the USA. The purpose of this Technical Report is to
document a mineral resource estimate compliant with the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral
Resources and Mineral Reserves for three of the breccia pipe uranium deposits owned by Denison in
the Project area. The report has been prepared to meet the requirements of National Instrument
43-101 and Form 43-101F1.
Denison controls four significant breccia pipe uranium deposits in the Arizona Strip district
of northern Arizona: Arizona 1, Canyon, Pinenut, and Kanab North. Arizona 1 has been partially
developed for underground mining; all surface facilities for shaft sinking are in place at Canyon;
and Pinenut is a fully developed underground mine currently on standby. Kanab North, mined
previously, is reported to have only minor quantities of mineralized material remaining in place
and is not included in the Scott Wilson RPA mineral resource estimate.
Denisons predecessor, Energy Fuels Nuclear (Energy Fuels), explored, discovered, developed,
and mined in the Arizona Strip district from 1980 through 1994. Energy Fuels produced over 19
million pounds U3O8 from the district.
Breccia pipe mines of the Arizona Strip typically contain relatively high grade,
vertically-oriented uranium mineralization over intervals of hundreds of feet at depths ranging
from 500 ft. to over 2,000 ft. Most identified pipes, however, are barren of potentially economic
mineralization and many must be explored by deep drilling in order to discover a potential mine.
1-1
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Exploration for breccia pipe uranium deposits is difficult. Small diameters (~300 ft.),
significant depths (>1,500 ft.), and erratic mineralization are complicating factors. Surface
rotary drilling can economically provide only an approximation of what may exist at depth. Gamma
logging supplemented by core drilling provides the basic data from which mineral resources may be
estimated. Additional drilling from underground stations is necessary to fully define the
mineralization. This process requires that a shaft be sunk at substantial cost in order to provide
access for drilling.
All permits are in place for Arizona 1 to commence production. Pinenut permits need to be
converted to a currently-accepted version. Canyon requires additional permitting, which may be
difficult due to the presence of nuclear opposition in the vicinity. Nevertheless, environmental
impacts from mine development and operation are minimal.
Denison owns and operates the White Mesa uranium mill at Blanding, Utah, to which mineralized
material from the various pipe mines would be hauled by truck and at which the material would be
processed by acid leaching to recover the contained uranium. There are no major technical
difficulties in the operational process.
Mineral resources for Arizona 1, Pinenut, and Canyon have been estimated using historical
eU3O8
data provided by Denison, long-tem metal price, and estimated operating
costs.
CONCLUSIONS
Denisons breccia pipe uranium deposits constitute significant mineral resources which are
well defined within the standards of the US uranium industry. The pipes are partially to fully
developed, partially to fully permitted, have a substantial operating history of nearby similar
deposits to draw upon for operational guidance, have full access to an operating uranium mill with
a substantial operating history on similar mineralized material, and exhibit a sound economic
potential in the current uranium market.
1-2
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Mineral resources for the Arizona 1, Canyon, and Pinenut breccia pipes as estimated by Scott
Wilson RPA in January 2007 are listed in Table 1-1. These have been estimated using historical data
provided by Denison and a cut-off grade of 0.2% eU3O8.
TABLE 1-1 INFERRED MINERAL RESOURCES FEBRUARY 2007
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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Tons |
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eU3O8 |
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eU3O8 |
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(%) |
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(lbs) |
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ARIZONA 1 |
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70,300 |
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0.68 |
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956,000 |
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CANYON |
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70,500 |
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1.08 |
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1,523,000 |
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PINENUT |
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99,200 |
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0.44 |
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873,000 |
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Notes: |
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1. |
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CIM Definitions were followed for mineral resources. |
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2. |
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Interval grades were converted from the gamma log data and are therefore equivalent U3O8 (eU3O8). |
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3. |
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Grade-shell wireframes at 0.2% eU3O8
were used to constrain the grade
interpolation. All material within the wireframes is included in the estimate. |
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4. |
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eU3O8 values were interpolated by kriging. |
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5. |
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Wireframes were constructed with a minimum drill hole sample length of 6 ft. |
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6. |
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High eU3O8 grades were cut to 6% at Arizona 1, 10% at
Canyon, and 8% at
Pinenut. |
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7. |
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Blocks are 5 ft. by 5 ft. by 5 ft. |
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8. |
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Gemcom Software International Inc. Resource Evaluation Edition Version GEMS
6.02 was used. |
Scott Wilson RPA is of the opinion that the properties are of merit and warrant the
proposed programs and budgets.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Scott Wilson RPA recommends that Denison:
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Consolidate and catalogue the Arizona Strip database in a location and facility where it
can be used as a basis for an updated mine planning and production studies. |
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2. |
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Verify and validate the Arizona Strip database, including resurveying surface drill
collar locations and down-hole orientation, and verifying the gamma-log to
eU3O8 calibrations by chemical assaying. |
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3. |
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Compile updated production studies on each relevant pipe. |
1-3
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4. |
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Hire trained personnel to carry through the verification and planning process and to
form a cadre for mine development and operation. |
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5. |
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Move forward with permitting activities as necessary to meet the requirements of
regulatory authorities. |
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6. |
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Initiate the rehabilitation process for existing facilities. |
BUDGET
Scott Wilson RPA recommends the following program to assess the work required, costs and
economics of placing the three Arizona Strip projects into production. The total budget, which
includes starting the site rehabilitation and the permitting process, is $925,000.
TABLE 1-2 RECOMMENDED PROGRAM AND BUDGET
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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Item |
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US$ |
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Stage 1 |
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Database Update |
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100,000 |
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Production Studies Update |
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150,000 |
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Total Site Rehabilitation Costs |
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|
150,000 |
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Personnel Costs (Mining Engineer,
Geologist, CAD Technician) |
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|
325,000 |
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Permitting Costs |
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|
100,000 |
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Subtotal |
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825,000 |
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Contingency |
|
|
100,000 |
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Total |
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925,000 |
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2 |
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INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE |
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (Scott Wilson RPA) has been requested by
Denison Mines Corp. (Denison) to prepare an independent Technical Report on the Arizona Strip
Uranium Project located in northern Arizona, the USA. The purpose of this Technical Report is to
document a mineral resource estimate compliant with the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral
Resources and Mineral Reserves for three of the breccia pipe uranium properties owned by Denison
within the Project area. The report has been prepared to meet the requirements of National
Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1. Scott Wilson RPA visited the Project from October 11 to 13,
2005.
Denison is a Canadian company engaged in uranium exploration and production with several
projects in the Athabasca Basin region of northern Saskatchewan, including a 22.5% interest in the
McClean mill, and in the southwest U.S.A, including the White Mesa Mill. Denison also has many
exploration projects in Canada and Mongolia. Denison, formerly International Uranium Corporation
(IUC), which changed its name to Denison Mines Corp. as a result of the merger with Denison Mines
Inc. on December 1, 2006, controls four breccia uranium properties within the Arizona Strip
district of northern Arizona. IUC entered the uranium industry in May 1997 by acquiring the
uranium assets of Energy Fuels Ltd., Energy Fuels Exploration Company, and Energy Fuels Nuclear,
Inc. (together Energy Fuels).
Author Thomas C. Pool, P.E., Scott Wilson RPA Associate Mining Engineer, visited the property
as part of a field trip during the period October 11 to 13, 2005. There has been no additional work
on the property since that time. No independent samples were taken, because the existing mine
workings were not then accessible and sufficient drilling exists to verify the presence of uranium
mineralization. Relevant reports and data were provided to Scott Wilson RPA and were reviewed and
discussed with Denison staff at
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each of the project sites. Various maps and technical reports provided by Denison, in addition to
the public documents that were reviewed, are listed in Section 21 References.
Author David A. Ross, P.Geo., Scott Wilson RPA Senior Geologist, carried out the mineral
resource estimate for the Arizona 1, Canyon, and Pinenut breccia pipe deposits in
conjunction with Mr. Pool and Denison staff.
Currencies are United States Dollars (US$) unless otherwise stated. Measurements are generally
in imperial units unless otherwise stated. A list of abbreviations is shown in Table 2-1. Grades
of uranium are expressed in pounds of uranium oxide (eU3O8 ) or percent %
eU3O8.
Scott Wilson notes that all gamma log grades listed and discussed herein utilize an
eU3O8 characterization. The e preceding U3O8 indicates that
the respective grades are equivalent
U3O8
grades based on an assumed direct correlation between gamma-ray intensity, as measured by the gamma logging tools, and uranium
content. Such is not always the case and the correlation must always be checked by chemical and
radiometric assays of core samples or by direct neutron activation. Energy Fuels performed
extensive checks on core, and the available results seem to confirm the general correlation, but
detailed test results are not available for review. In laymans terms, the e prefix indicates
that somewhat less reliance can be placed on the reported grades than if sufficient data were
available to provide greater assurance on the correlation.
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TABLE 2-1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
|
|
|
m
|
|
micron |
°C
|
|
degree Celsius |
°F
|
|
degree Fahrenheit |
mg
|
|
microgram |
A
|
|
ampere |
a
|
|
annum |
bbl
|
|
barrels |
Btu
|
|
British thermal units |
C$
|
|
Canadian dollars |
cal
|
|
calorie |
cfm
|
|
cubic metres per minute |
cm
|
|
centimetre |
cm2
|
|
square centimetre |
d
|
|
day |
dia
|
|
diameter |
dmt
|
|
dry metric tonne |
dwt
|
|
dead-weight ton |
ft
|
|
foot |
ft/s
|
|
foot per second |
ft2
|
|
square foot |
ft3
|
|
cubic foot |
g
|
|
gram |
G
|
|
giga (billion) |
Gal
|
|
Imperial gallon |
g/L
|
|
gram per litre |
g/t
|
|
gram per tonne |
Gpm
|
|
Imperial gallons per minute |
gr/ft3
|
|
grain per cubic foot |
gr/m3
|
|
grain per cubic metre |
hr
|
|
hour |
ha
|
|
hectare |
hp
|
|
horsepower |
in
|
|
inch |
in2
|
|
square inch |
J
|
|
joule |
k
|
|
kilo (thousand) |
kcal
|
|
kilocalorie |
kg
|
|
kilogram |
km
|
|
kilometre |
km/h
|
|
kilometre per hour |
km2
|
|
square kilometre |
kPa
|
|
kilopascal |
kVA
|
|
kilovolt-amperes |
kW
|
|
kilowatt |
kWh
|
|
kilowatt-hour |
L
|
|
litre |
L/s
|
|
litres per second |
m
|
|
metre |
M
|
|
mega (million) |
m2
|
|
square metre |
m3
|
|
cubic metre |
mi
|
|
mile |
min
|
|
minute |
MASL
|
|
metres above sea level |
mm
|
|
millimetre |
mph
|
|
miles per hour |
MVA
|
|
megavolt-amperes |
MW
|
|
megawatt |
MWh
|
|
megawatt-hour |
m3/h
|
|
cubic metres per hour |
opt, oz/st
|
|
ounce per short ton |
oz
|
|
Troy ounce (31.1035g) |
oz/dmt
|
|
ounce per dry metric tonne |
ppm
|
|
part per million |
psia
|
|
pound per square inch absolute |
psig
|
|
pound per square inch gauge |
RL
|
|
relative elevation |
s
|
|
second |
st
|
|
short ton |
stpa
|
|
short ton per year |
stpd
|
|
short ton per day |
t
|
|
metric tonne |
tpa
|
|
metric tonne per year |
tpd
|
|
metric tonne per day |
US$
|
|
United States dollar |
USg
|
|
United States gallon |
USgpm
|
|
US gallon per minute |
V
|
|
volt |
W
|
|
watt |
wmt
|
|
wet metric tonne |
yd3
|
|
cubic yard |
yr
|
|
year |
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3 |
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RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS |
This report has been prepared by Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (Scott
Wilson RPA) for Denison Mines Corp. (Denison). The information, conclusions, opinions, and
estimates contained herein are based on:
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Information available to Scott Wilson RPA at the time of
preparation of this report, |
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Assumptions, conditions, and qualifications as set forth in this report, and |
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Data, reports, and other information supplied by Denison and other third party sources. |
Scott Wilson RPA relied on Denison for information regarding the current status of legal
title, property agreements, and any outstanding environmental orders. Scott Wilson RPA has not
investigated the legal title of the unpatented mining claims. Scott Wilson RPA has not
independently investigated the permitting and reclamation status of the property.
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4 |
|
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION |
Prior to its bankruptcy in 1995, Energy Fuels located and developed to various stages
numerous uranium mineralized breccia pipe structures in northwestern Arizona, between Utah and the
Grand Canyon, an area termed the Arizona Strip (Figure 4-1). Most of the Energy Fuels breccia
pipes are between the town of Fredonia, on the Arizona Utah state line, and Grand Canyon National
Park in T36N to 39N, R2W to 5W, Salt River Meridian. These include the Kanab North, Pinenut, and
Arizona 1 pipes. One deposit, Canyon, is located south of the park.
KANAB NORTH
Kanab North is located in Sections 17 and 20, T38N, R3W, Mojave County, Arizona, about 20 mi.
south of Fredonia by unsurfaced road. It was mined during 19881991 and produced 260,818 tons of
ore at an average grade of 0.53% U3O8 containing 2,767,570 pounds
U3O8 . Minor quantities of mineralized material remain in the mine. A
headframe, hoist, and compressor are in place on the Kanab North site, and it is anticipated, but
not assured, that the mine could be reopened with a minimum of time and expense.
Denisons land position at Kanab North consists of seven unpatented mining claims encompassing
approximately 145 acres: Kanab 71 76, and 36 (Figure 4-2).
ARIZONA 1
Arizona 1 is a partially developed mine, with the production shaft having been completed for
about 1,250 ft. of its proposed final 1,650 ft. depth. Drill stations were cut near the current
shaft bottom and some 40,000 ft. of drilling, including 34,000 ft. of percussion and 6,000 ft. of
core drilling, were completed from that point. The mine is located in Sections 22 and 23, T36N,
R5W, Mojave County, Arizona, about 45 mi. southwest of Fredonia by unsurfaced road. A headframe,
hoist, and compressor are in
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place, and it is anticipated, but not assured, that access to the shaft bottom could easily be
attained. Haulage distance from Arizona 1 to the White Mesa mill at Blanding, Utah, is 307 mi.
Denisons property position at Arizona 1 consists of ten unpatented mining claims encompassing
approximately 207 acres: Sin 1279 1283, and 1305 1309 (Figure 4-3).
CANYON
Only surface development is currently in place at the Canyon site: a headframe, a hoist, and a
compressor. The shaft has been collared to a depth of about 50 ft. The site is located in Sections
19 and 20, T29N, R3E, Coconino County, Arizona. The haulage distance from Canyon to the White Mesa
mill at Blanding, Utah, is 325 mi.
Denisons property position at Canyon consists of nine unpatented mining claims encompassing
approximately 186 acres: Canyon 64 66, 74 76, and 84 86 (Figure 4-4).
PINENUT
Pinenut is a fully developed underground mine which produced 25,807 tons of ore at an average
grade of 1.02% U3O8 containing 526,350 pounds U3O8 in 1989. It
has been on standby since then. A hoist, headframe, and compressor are in place, and it is
anticipated, but not assured, that mine access could easily be established to recover any remaining
mineralized material. Pinenut is located in an unsurveyed portion of T36N, R4W, Mojave County,
Arizona, about 45 mi. south of Fredonia by unsurfaced road. The haulage distance from Pinenut to
the White Mesa mill at Blanding, Utah, is 317 mi.
Denisons property position at Pinenut consists of ten unpatented mining claims encompassing
approximately 207 acres: Pinyon 593 597, and 637 641 (Figure 4-5).
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5 |
|
ACCESSIBILITY, LOCAL RESOURCES, PHYSIOGRAPHY AND INFRASTRUCTURE |
Northern Arizona is part of the Colorado Plateau, a region of the western United States
characterized by semi-arid, high-altitude, gently sloping plateaus dissected by
steep walled canyons, volcanic mountain peaks, and extensive erosional escarpments. The
breccia pipes north of the Grand Canyon are within the Kaibab and Kanab Plateaus, smaller plateaus
within the Colorado Plateau. The Canyon pipe is in the Coconino Plateau. Elevations on the
northern plateaus range from 6,900 ft. to 9,000 ft., while on the Coconino Plateau the elevations
at the proposed mine site are approximately 6,500 ft.
Climate in northern Arizona is semi-arid, with cold winters and hot summers. January
temperatures range from about 7°F to 57°F and July temperatures range from 52°F to 97°F. Annual
precipitation, mostly in the form of rain but some snow, is about 12 in. Vegetation on the plateaus
is primarily open pinyon-juniper woodland and shrubs.
The region north of the Grand Canyon is very sparsely populated. Due to the inaccessibility
and low population, infrastructure is not well developed. The largest community within 65 mi. of
the northern breccia pipes is Fredonia, Arizona, which has a population of about 1,200. Fredonia is
accessible over state and federal highways from Las Vegas, Nevada, 220 mi. west, and Flagstaff,
Arizona, 200 mi. by road to the southeast. Municipal airfields are maintained at Fredonia and
Kanab, Utah (7 mi. north).
The nearest railway line operates in Utah, 96 mi. northwest of Fredonia. The nearest
commercial centres to the Fredonia area are the towns of St. George and Cedar City, Utah, both
about 88 mi. to the northwest by road.
The White Mesa Mill owned by Denison is about 275 mi. by road from Fredonia. The Canyon pipe
is in north central Arizona, 153 mi. north of Phoenix and 10 mi. south
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of Grand Canyon Village, in the Kaibab National Forest, Coconino County. The White Mesa mill is 325
mi. by road from the Canyon site.
Access to the Canyon site is via State Highway 64 and Federal Highway 180 to within two miles
of the proposed mine site, then over unsurfaced roads. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railway
line passes east-west 50 mi. south of the site at Williams, and a spur of the railway, which passes
10 mi. west of the Canyon site, services the National Park. Airports at Flagstaff, Phoenix, and
Grand Canyon Village provide air access to the area.
Access to Arizona 1 is via Highway 389 six miles west of Fredonia to the Mt. Trumbull road and
36 mi. south over a gravel/dirt surface. Pinenut is four miles east of Arizona 1. Kanab North is 18
mi. south of Fredonia by unpaved road.
Although the Coconino Plateau is sparsely populated, tourist traffic to Grand Canyon National
Park results in large numbers of people passing through the region daily to visit the park.
The community of Tusayan, seven miles northwest of the Canyon site, provides much of the
housing and other facilities for people who work within Grand Canyon National Park. Seasonal
population is from 500 to 1,000. A clinic run by a Phoenix hospital is
operated at Grand Canyon Village, as well as a K-12 grade school with a capacity of 250
students. Williams, a rural community, 44 mi. south of the site at Interstate 40, has a population
of about 2,500. Williams relies heavily on tourism to maintain its economy, but many people are
also involved in agriculture and forestry. The town offers an elementary, middle and high school,
an emergency centre, shopping and a variety of community services. Although housing is available,
lack of adequate water supplies has limited housing construction. Flagstaff, 56 mi. southeast of
the Canyon project, is a full service city with a population of 60,000 and also a regional trade
centre for northern Arizona.
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Arizona, and particularly Coconino County, is among the fastest growing areas in the United
States, due to the climate, landscape diversity, economic and recreational opportunities.
Resources and services are often stretched to meet the needs of the growing population.
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Uranium exploration and mining of breccia pipe uranium deposits started in 1951 when a
geologist of the US Geological Survey noted uranium ore on the dump of an old copper prospect on
the South Rim of the Grand Canyon of Northern Arizona. The prospect was inside Grand Canyon
National Park, but on fee land that predated the park. A mining firm acquired the prospect and then
mined a significant high-grade uranium deposit, the Orphan Mine. By the time mining ended in the
early 1960s, 4.26 million pounds of U3O8 and some minor amounts of copper and
silver had been produced.
After the discovery of the first deposit in the 1950s, an extensive search for other deposits
was made by the government and industry, but only a few low-grade prospects were found. Exploration
started again in the early 1970s. In the mid 1970s, Western Nuclear, then headed by Robert Adams,
leased the Hack Canyon Prospect located about 25 mi. north of the Grand Canyon and found high-grade
uranium mineralization offsetting an old shallow copper/uranium site. In the next few years, a
second deposit was found a mile away along a fault.
In the late 1970s, Energy Fuels formed a uranium exploration venture with several Swiss
utilities and acquired significant uranium reserves in southeast Utah. It permitted and built a
2,000 tpd mill at Blanding, Utah, to process this classical Colorado Plateau ore, which was
expected to average 0.13% U3O8 , and sell into a market that was over $30/lb
U3O8. The uranium market fell in 1980, and the Hack Canyon Property was leased
by Energy Fuels from Western Nuclear in December 1980 as a likely low-cost source of
U3O8.
Development started promptly, and the deposits were in production by the end of 1981. They
proved to be much better than the initial estimates suggested. The Energy Fuels exploration program
provided a continuing flow of new reserves in newly discovered uranium bearing pipes.
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The Kanab North orebody was also discovered in 1981, but development did not begin until late
1984 because the site was located in a Wilderness Study Area. Kanab North was fully developed in
1988 and operated until December 1990 when it was placed on standby. Production totalled about 2.8
million pounds U3O8 at an average grade of just over 0.50%
U3O8. Some minor quantity of mineralized material remains.
Energy Fuels has explored the Arizona 1 pipe with a total of 253 drill holes, including: 18
core holes from underground drill stations with a total footage of 6,122 ft.; 17 rotary holes from
surface with a total footage of 25,289 ft., and 218 long holes from underground drill stations with
a total footage of 36,189 ft. Thus, total drill footage drilled at Arizona 1 amounts to 67,600 ft.
Mine development of the Arizona 1 orebody began in 1990 but was suspended in 1992, with the shaft
at a depth of 1,254 ft.
The Canyon orebody is located on mining claims that Energy Fuels acquired from Gulf Mineral
Resources Company (Gulf) in 1982. Gulf drilled eight exploration holes at the site from 1978
through May 1982 but found only low-grade uranium in this pipe. Additional drilling completed by
Energy Fuels in 1983 identified a major deposit. Energy Fuels drilled a further 36 holes from May
1983 through April 1985 to delineate the uranium mineralization and to determine placement of the
mine shaft and water supply well. Additional drilling of six holes was completed in 1994.
The Havasupais Indians have actively opposed a mine at this site, and while the surface plant
and headframe are in place, no significant mine development has been initiated.
The Pinenut mine was developed in 1989, but saw only minor production, approximately 0.5
million pounds U3O 8 at an average grade of 1.02% U3O8, and was
then placed on standby.
Energy Fuels identified and investigated more than 4,000 circular features in northern
Arizona. Some 110 of the most prospective features were explored by deep drilling, and
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approximately 50% of those drilled were shown to contain uranium mineralization. Ultimately, nine
pipes were deemed worthy of development. Total mine production from the Energy Fuels breccia pipes
from 1980 through 1991 was approximately 19.1 million pounds U3O8 at an average
grade of just over 0.60% U3O8.
Energy Fuels was acquired by the Concord group in the early 1990s following the death of
Robert Adams. Concord declared bankruptcy in 1995, and most of the Energy Fuels assets were
acquired by International Uranium Corporation (IUC) in 1997. Since that time, IUC, which after the
December 1, 2006 merger with Denison Mines Inc. changed its name to Denison Mines Corp, has
maintained its ownership of the Kanab North, Pinenut, Arizona 1, and Canyon pipes; all other
breccia pipe prospects have been
dropped.
HISTORICAL MINING OPERATIONS
Kanab North has been mined, is reported to contain minor quantities of mineralized
material remaining, and is currently on standby. The Pinenut mine has been developed, partially
mined, and is on standby. Arizona 1 is partially developed and on standby, with the shaft near its
final depth. Only surface facilities and shaft collar have been developed at Canyon.
Mine development and production are similar for most breccia pipe mines. The following is a
description of the Kanab North Mine. The mine is accessed by a conventional 2 1/2 compartment
vertical shaft (7 ft. x 16 ft.), to a depth of 1,590 ft. Stations are located on the 1,100 ft.
level and the 1,500 ft. level. Due to topography, the shaft is located 850 ft. from the orebody and
two crosscuts were required to develop the mine. A decline (500 ft. in length) from the canyon wall
intersects the orebody at the first level station elevation and provides an escapeway and a
ventilation passage using a 75-Hp, 100,000 cfm fan. The main shaft is serviced by a double drum
400-hp hoist. Skip capacity is 2.3 tons. The orebody was drilled and developed from four shaft
stations 200 ft. apart. Various mining methods were used such as room and random pillar,
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shrinkage stoping, and long hole/slot mining (a bulk mining system breaking up to 25,000 tons in a
single blast).
Sublevels strategically located between shaft stations were interconnected with inclines and
raise boreholes. Trackless rubber-tired mining equipment was used throughout the mine. Loaders
ranged from one to three cubic yards in size; haul trucks had a ten-ton capacity. Some electric
slushers were used in driving ramps and when selective mining was required. All ore fell to a
central delivery location at the bottom level, enabling trucks to haul ore to loading trenches
where a small winch transferred ore or waste to the skip for hoisting. The workforce at the Kanab
North Mine totalled 41 employees. At maximum in 1990, the mine produced 102,000 tons of ore, or
about 400 tons per day.
HISTORICAL MINERAL RESOURCES
Uranium mineral resource estimates on the Arizona Strip breccia pipes were compiled by
Energy Fuels exploration department in accordance with parameters developed specifically for
breccia pipe resource estimates. These parameters were based on Energy Fuels previous experience
with breccia pipes in the region. These parameters are shown in Table 6-1.
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TABLE 6-1 RESERVE/RESOURCE ESTIMATION PARAMETERS USED BY
ENERGY FUELS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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Cut-off Thickness
|
|
Minimum of 8.0 ft. |
Cut-off Grade
|
|
Minimum of 0.15% U3O8 as determined from radiometric logs or in core |
Cut-off GT
|
|
1.20% ft. |
Dilution
|
|
The top and bottom of each ore zone will include 3.0 ft. of waste or
mineral. The ore intercept may be comprised of two or more smaller
zones separated by a six-foot maximum section of waste or mineral
between each of the included ore zones. |
Tonnage Factor
|
|
13 ft.3 per ton of dry ore (substantiated by Hack Canyon Mine runs) |
Extraction
|
|
100% recoverable reserve |
Disequilibrium Factor
|
|
1.00 chemical to radiometric ratio |
Levels
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Vertical section of mineralized breccia pipe divided into 10-ft. horizontal
slices |
Drill hole Location
|
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Location established at midpoint of each level by deviation survey |
Map Scale
|
|
1 inch = 20 feet for the final reserve calculation |
Energy Fuels established the following method of calculation for reserves.
Ore zones for the reserve calculations are prepared by entering the probe data into the
GAMLOG program, where mineable ore zones for each drill hole are established using the cut-off and
dilution parameters as defined above. The mineralized portion(s) of each drill hole is divided
into 10-ft. thick levels; thickness, grade, and top elevation are computed for each drill hole
intercept for each level. If a zone is greater than 10 ft. thick, or occurs across level
divisions, the half-foot intervals included in the applicable level are averaged to establish the
grade for the appropriate segment of the intercept. These divided intercepts are not required to
satisfy the minimum grade and thickness parameters for each portion, but they must satisfy the
criteria as a whole (Memorandum from Mathisen, 1985).
Mineralization was classified by Energy Fuels into proven, probable, and possible categories
based on the distance from the mineralized drill hole. Proven was based on a
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25 ft. diameter around the drill hole; probable was distances up to 50 ft.; and possible included
mineralization interpolated from more widely spaced holes.
Energy Fuels estimated the historical resources, which are discussed below, in the early 1990s
prior to the implementation of NI 43-101. The resources listed below are, therefore, historical in
nature. The historical resource estimates were prepared to industry standards in place at the
time. Denison is not treating the historical estimates as NI 43-101 defined resources or reserves
verified by a qualified person, and the historical estimates should not be relied upon.
Scott Wilson RPA has carried out recent estimates of the Arizona 1, Canyon, and Pinenut
breccia pipes, which are reported in Section 17 Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates, and
which supersede the historical estimates discussed below.
ARIZONA 1
The most detailed and documented historical estimate of the quantity of mineralized
material identified in the Arizona 1 breccia pipe was summarized by the Energy Fuels exploration
department in a memorandum dated April 7, 1992. Based on extensive drilling from both surface and
underground, this historical estimate totals 120,000 tons of mineralized material at an average
grade of 0.545% U3O8 containing 1.3 million pounds of U3O8.
The Energy Fuels estimate used a cut-off grade of 0.15% U3O8, which is considered
too low for sustainable market conditions.
CANYON
Uranium resources at Canyon were estimated by Energy Fuels on the basis of surface
drilling only, in accordance with the standard practice outlined above. As of June 27, 1994, the
total resource was reported to be 100,000 tons at an average grade of 0.84% U3O8
containing 1.8 million pounds U3O8. The Energy Fuels estimate used a cut-off
grade of 0.15% U3O8, which is considered too low for sustainable market
conditions.
6-6
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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PINENUT
Remaining resources for Pinenut, estimated in December 1988, are stated as 109,900 tons
of material at an average grade of 0.416% U3O8 containing 913,900 pounds
U3O8. The cut-off grade used for this estimate was apparently 0.20%
eU3O8. Scott Wilson RPA has not been provided with detailed information on which
to judge the validity of the Pinenut historical mineral resource estimate.
HISTORICAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE COMPARISON WITH ACTUAL PRODUCTION
In its Preliminary Feasibility Report for the Canyon project dated December 11, 1984,
Energy Fuels provided a listing of historical reserves/resources estimated for various pipes based
on surface drilling only. Scott Wilson RPA has compared those reserve/resource estimates with
actual production results in Table 6-2.
TABLE 6-2 ENERGY FUELS RESOURCE ESTIMATES VS. ACTUAL
PRODUCTION
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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Surface Drilling Estimate |
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Production + Remaining Resource |
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Pipe |
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Grade |
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M |
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Grade |
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M |
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Ratio |
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Tons |
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(% U3O8) |
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Pounds |
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Tons |
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(% U3O8) |
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Pounds |
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(lbs) |
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(U3O8) |
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(U3O8) |
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Hack #1* |
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132,400 |
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0.37 |
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0.98 |
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133,800 |
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0.53 |
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1.42 |
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1.45 |
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Hack #2* |
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125,400 |
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0.57 |
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1.43 |
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497,100 |
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0.70 |
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7.00 |
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4.90 |
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Hack #3* |
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21,250 |
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0.40 |
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0.17 |
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111,300 |
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0.50 |
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1.12 |
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6.59 |
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Pigeon* |
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164,700 |
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0.75 |
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2.47 |
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439,400 |
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0.65 |
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5.70 |
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2.31 |
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Kanab N. |
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83,300 |
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0.45 |
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0.75 |
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260,800 |
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0.53 |
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2.77 |
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3.69 |
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Pinenut |
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150,000 |
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0.50 |
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1.50 |
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137,800 |
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0.53 |
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1.45 |
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0.97 |
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Hermit* |
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n/a |
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n/a |
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0.60 |
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36,339 |
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0.76 |
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0.55 |
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0.92 |
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* Note: Not included in the Denison property. These properties were reclaimed by
Energy Fuels. |
6-7
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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These estimates are not compliant with NI 43-101, but are included to illustrate that
surface drilling typically does not provide sufficient information to reliably estimate the total
resource which might be available. Even so, this conclusion is not universally true since actual
mine output from both the Hermit and Pinenut pipes compared very closely with resource estimates
compiled from surface drilling.
Production at Pinenut included 20,512 tons grading 1.115% U3O8 from the zone
between 3,960 ft. to 4,070 ft. elevation and 4,911 tons grading 0.695% U3O8 from
the zone between 4,070 ft. and 4,200 ft. elevation. A generalized cross section of Pinenut
suggests that virtually all of this material was mined from below 4,087 elevation. Scott Wilson
RPA considered the mineralization below 4,087 to be mined out and only reports mineral resource
above that elevation in Section 17 of this report.
6-8
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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7 GEOLOGICAL SETTING
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Parts of two distant physiographic provinces are found within Arizona: the Basin and
Range province in the southern and western edge of the state, and the Colorado Plateau province in
most of northern and central Arizona. The Arizona Strip lies within the Colorado Plateau province.
Surface exposures within the Arizona Strip reveal sedimentary and volcanic rocks ranging in
age from upper Paleozoic to Quaternary; the area is largely underlain by Mississippian through
Triassic sedimentary rocks (Figure 7-1). However, exposed within the Grand Canyon are older rocks
reaching Precambrian in age.
The region has experienced volcanic activity since Pliocene time. A number of lava-capped
buttes rise above the general landscape, and lava flows cover large areas of the southern part of
the district. Faulting has exerted significant control on the geologic development and geomorphic
history of the region. Major structural features are the Grand Wash, Hurricane, and Toroweap fault
systems, all trending generally north-south with the upthrown side to the east. These faults are
topographically prominent, showing impressive scarps. Other less
prominent fault systems exist.
7-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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7-2
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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PROPERTY GEOLOGY
KANAB NORTH
The cross sectional area of the pipe probably averages about 30,000 ft.2. The pipe
extends vertically for some 1,000 ft. from the Toroweap limestone into the Supai Group. The
ultimate depth to the bottom of the pipe is unknown. Internal ring fractures have been recognized
and are mineralized.
Mineralization extends discontinuously from the Toroweap over the length of the pipe, but is
concentrated predominantly in the Hermit Shale and upper Esplanade Sandstone. A sulphide cap,
largely in the Toroweap, overlies the mineralization. High grade mineralization is found in the
ring fractures, largely in the Esplanade Sandstone. The thickness of mineralization within the
fractures ranges between 6 ft. to 30 ft., with a grade range between 0.5% U3O8
and 0.7% U3O8.
ARIZONA 1
Arizona 1, in common with all other breccia pipes within the Arizona Strip, was believed by
Energy Fuels to have had its origin as a solution collapse of the Redwall Limestone. This collapse
worked its way upward through the overlying formations to the surface where the throat diameter is
in the order of 200 ft. to 300 ft. Vertical displacement in the throat averages some 175 ft.
Uranium mineralization is distributed irregularly over a depth interval of approximately 650 ft.
mainly at the level of the Hermit Shale formation to a maximum depth of some 1,400 ft. from
surface.
CANYON
The surface expression of the pipe is a broad shallow depression in the Permian Kaibab
Formation. The pipe is essentially vertical with an average diameter of less than 200 ft., but it
is considerably narrower through the Coconino and Hermit horizons (80 ft.). The cross sectional
area is probably between 20,000 ft.2 and 25,000 ft.2. The pipe
7-3
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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extends for at least 2,300 ft. from the Toroweap limestone to the upper Redwall horizons. The
ultimate depth of the pipe is unknown. An annular ring is present around the pipe.
Mineralization extends vertically both inside and outside the pipe over some 1,700 vertical
feet, but ore grade mineralization has been found mainly in the Coconino, Hermit, and Esplanade
horizons and at the margins of the pipe in fracture zones. Sulphide zones are found scattered
throughout the pipe but are especially concentrated (sulphide cap) near the Toroweap-Coconino
contact, where the cap averages 20 ft. thick and consists of pyrite and bravoite, an iron-
nickel sulphide. The ore assemblage consists of uranium-pyrite-hematite with massive copper
sulphide mineralization common in and near the ore zone. The strongest mineralization appears to
occur in the lower Hermit-upper Esplanade horizons in an annular fracture zone.
PINENUT
A detailed description of the Pinenut pipe has not been made available to Scott Wilson RPA.
7-4
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8 DEPOSIT TYPES
Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of northern Arizona are host to thousands of breccia pipes.
The pipes are known to extend from the Mississippian Redwall Limestone to the Triassic Chinle
Formation, which makes some 4,000 ft. of section. However, because of erosion and other factors,
no single pipe has been observed cutting through the entire section. No pipe is known to occur
above the Chinle Formation or below the Redwall Limestone.
Breccia pipes within the Arizona Strip are vertical or near vertical, circular to elliptical
bodies of broken rock. Broken rock is comprised of slabs and rotated angular blocks and fragments
of surrounding and stratigraphically higher formations. Hence, many geologists consider the pipes
to have been formed by solution collapse of underlying calcareous rocks, such as the Redwall
Limestone. Surrounding the blocks and slabs making up the breccia is a matrix of fine material
comprised of surrounding and overlying rock from various formations. The matrix has been cemented
by silicification and calcification for the most part.
Breccia pipes are comprised of three interrelated features: a basinal or structurally shallow
depression at surface (designated by some as a collapse cone); a breccia pipe which underlies the
structural depression, and annular fracture rings which occur outside, but at the margin of the
pipes. Annular fracture rings are commonly, but not always, mineralized. The structural
depression may range in diameter up to 0.5 mi. or more, whereas breccia pipe diameters range up to
about 600 ft.; the normal range is 200 ft. to 300 ft.
Mineralized breccia pipes found to date appear to occur in clusters or trends. Spacing
between pipes ranges from some hundreds of feet within a cluster to several miles within a trend.
Pipe location may have been controlled by deep-seated faults, but
8-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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karstification of the Redwall
Limestone in Mississippian and Permian times is considered to have initiated formation of the
numerous and widespread pipes in the region.
8-2
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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9 MINERALIZATION
In the breccia pipe deposits, uranium occurs largely as blebs, streaks, small veins, and
fine disseminations of uraninite/pitchblende (U02). Mineralization is mainly confined to
matrix material, but may extend into clasts and larger breccia fragments, particularly where these
fragments are of Coconino sandstone. In addition to uranium, an extensive suite of elements is
reported to be anomalously concentrated in mineralized rock within breccia pipes throughout
northern Arizona: Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn. Many of
rare earth elements are consistently enriched in mineralized samples. Copper occurred in such
concentrations as to be economic and mined in a number of pipes. Gold occurred in anomalous
quantities only in the Copper Mountain mine where samples assaying up to 5 oz per ton were
obtained. Silver, on the other hand, is almost always anomalously high in all mineralized pipes,
and in some pipes is of economic grade.
Within many pipes, there is a definite mineralogical zoning in and around the uranium orebody.
At Hack-2, detailed work has shown a pyrite-rich cap immediately overlying the orebody, followed
by, in descending order, a cobalt-nickel zone, a molybdenum-barium-zinc zone, and a lead-rich zone.
Pipes are surrounded by bleached zones, particularly notable in the Hermit Formation where
unaltered red sediments contrast sharply with grey-green bleached material. Both age dating and
disequilibrium determinations indicate that remobilization of uranium has occurred. Uranium
concentrations in the upper levels of a pipe tend to be in equilibrium, but with depth
disequilibrium in the orebodies increases in favour of the chemical assays.
Age dating of mineralization (U-Pb) indicates a range from 101 to 260 million years, which
suggests that the earliest uranium mineralization had occurred in the Permian before the pipes
completely formed into the Triassic.
9-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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Uranium mineralization within Arizona 1 extends significantly in the vertical dimension.
Continuous drill hole intersections of several tens of feet with grades exceeding 1.00%
U3O8 or more are not uncommon. The maximum continuous surface drill hole
intersection was 92.5 ft. at an average grade of 1.55% U3O8. On average, the 12
drill holes from surface that intersected uranium mineralization recorded 75 ft. of 0.62%
U3O8.
Uranium mineralization at Canyon is concentrated in three stratigraphic levels: Coconono,
Hermit/Esplanade, and a lower zone. Mineralization extends vertically from a depth of 600 feet to
over 2100 feet. Intercepts range widely up to several tens of feet with grades in excess of 1.00%
U3O8. Twenty-two drill holes from surface encountered uranium mineralization
averaging 100 ft. of 0.45% U3O8. The CYN-19 drill hole encountered a total of
418.5 ft. with an average grade of 0.30% U3O8.
Detailed information on the distribution of uranium mineralization at the Pinenut pipe has not
been made available to Scott Wilson RPA.
9-2
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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10 EXPLORATION
Denison, or its predecessor, IUC, has not carried out any exploration on the properties
since the acquisition in 1997.
Exploration for breccia pipes in northern Arizona typically begins with a search for surface
expressions of circular features. This search was aided by geologic mapping, Landsat aerial
photography, thermal infrared imagery, geochemical testing, and certain geophysical methods such as
resistivity, Very Low Frequency (VLF), and time domain electromagnetics. Other techniques tested
included: geobotany, microbiology, and biogeochemistry. All of these methods were utilized to
identify surface expressions of breccia pipes. The key element of the process was to zero in on
the throat of the pipe as a locus for drilling from the surface since the throat is usually
associated directly with the centre of the collapse.
10-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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11 DRILLING
Denison, or its predecessor, IUC, has not carried out any drilling on the properties
since the acquisition in 1997.
Shallow drilling was often conducted to locate the centre of the collapse feature as a guide
to the throat of the underlying breccia pipe. The basic tool for exploring breccia pipes in
northern Arizona is deep rotary drilling supplemented by core drilling, to a depth of 2,000 ft. or
more from surface. Prospective pipes were usually first tested with three drill holes. If no
showing of mineralization was present, the effort was abandoned.
Drilling of breccia pipes is a difficult process. Substantial depths, approximately 2,000
ft., small targets, approximately 200 ft. in diameter, and non-homogeneous rock formations combine
to limit the accuracy of the drilling process. The presence of cavernous and brecciated sediments
near the present land surface can result in loss of circulation of drilling fluid; as a result,
much drilling is conducted blind. Periodic spot cores are taken to determine whether or not
holes are within the target structure or have drifted away from the pipe. Indeed, most pipes
cannot be completely drilled out from the surface due to deviation from desired targets. All drill
holes are surveyed for deviation and logged with gamma logging equipment.
If surface drilling provides sufficient encouragement that a mine can be developed on that
basis, a vertical shaft is sunk or drilled to its ultimate depth and underground drill stations are
established at various levels to provide platforms
for further exploration and delineation drilling. Drilling from underground stations
typically utilized large-bore percussion drills. The resulting drill holes, out to as much as
approximately 200 ft., were then gamma logged and surveyed as a supplement to surface drilling.
Drilling of the Arizona 1 and Canyon breccia pipes by Energy Fuels has been described in
Section 6 History.
11-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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12 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH
All the historical drill holes on Denisons Arizona Strip breccia pipe properties were
gamma logged and surveyed for deviation. These data provide the basic building blocks from which
quantities of mineralized material are estimated. Core holes were drilled to supplement this data,
to provide information for determination of disequilibrium, and to accommodate material for
metallurgical testing. This process was consistent with industry standards at the time and the
work carried out by Energy Fuels is judged by Scott Wilson RPA to have been of superior quality.
All of the basic data for calculation of quantities and grades of mineralized material for the
Arizona 1, Pinenut, and Canyon deposits, originally by Energy Fuels and more recently by Scott
Wilson RPA, were derived directly by gamma log interpretation. Energy Fuels completed numerous
checks on this data by means of chemical assays, closed-can assays, and various beta gamma
analyses, but the records for these auxiliary analyses and checks are scattered and incomplete.
Nevertheless, all available indications point toward the gamma logging process providing a
reasonable perspective on mineralization encountered by drilling.
Scott Wilson RPA notes that all gamma log grades listed and discussed herein utilize an
eU3O8 characterization. The e preceding U3O8 indicates that
the respective grades are equivalent U3O8 grades based on an assumed direct
correlation between gamma-ray intensity, as measured by the gamma logging tools, and uranium
content. Such is not always the case and the correlation must always be checked by chemical and
radiometric assays of core samples or by direct neutron activation means. Energy Fuels performed
extensive checks on core and the available results seem to confirm the general correlation, but
detailed test results are not available for review. In laymans terms, the e prefix indicates
that somewhat less reliance can be placed on the reported grades than if sufficient data was
available to provide greater assurance on the correlation. It is at least partially for this
reason that mineral resources listed herein are classified as inferred.
12-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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13 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES, SECURITY AND PROTOCOLS
Industry standards for uranium exploration in the western United States are based almost
completely on the gamma logging process with a number of checks, including: 1) frequent calibration
of logging tools, 2) core drilling and chemical analysis of core as a check on gamma log values and
the potential for disequilibrium; 3) possible closed-can analysis as an adjunct to chemical assays;
and 4) possible gamma logging by different tools and/or companies.
Energy Fuels used the GAMLOG computer program to interpret gamma-ray logs. The GAMLOG program
was developed by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The essence of the method is a
trial-and-error iterative process by which U3O8 grades are determined for a
series of 1/2-foot or 1-foot layers which can be considered to comprise the zone under analysis.
The objective of the iterative process is to find a grade for each separate layer such that an
imaginary set of separate gamma-ray anomalies (one from each separate layer) could be composited to
form an over-all anomaly which would closely match the real anomaly under analysis (Scott 1962).
Scott Wilson RPA accepts the validity of the GAMLOG program.
There are no specific provisions for security of data or samples other than those employed for
confidentiality. The previous property owner, Energy Fuels, is deemed to have met or exceeded
industry standards for the exploration process.
13-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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14 DATA VERIFICATION
Data verification in uranium exploration in the western United States takes the form of a
combination of logging tool calibration, chemical assays on core, and various checks by other
logging units and outside laboratories. Most of this verification process is internal and company
specific. Independent verification has not been part of the industry standard process. Energy
Fuels operations in the Arizona Strip are judged by Scott Wilson RPA to have met or exceeded
industry standards.
Complete sets of basic drill hole data, such as gamma logs and chemical assay data for the
Arizona 1, Canyon, and Pinenut breccia pipe deposits, were not available for Scott Wilson RPAs
inspection. However, some of the gamma logs and chemical assay data that were available for
inspection by Scott Wilson RPA confirm the validity of a vast majority of these data. The checks
by Scott Wilson RPA included reinterpretation of selected gamma logs and comparison of chemical
assay data with log interpretations. Certain items of data could not be confirmed due mainly to
lack of a complete set of chemical assay data for core holes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, most
mismatches in data or interpretation seemed to err on the conservative side; i.e., lower grade,
less tons, fewer pounds.
Scott Wilson RPA notes, however, that for the Arizona 1 deposit, where substantial information
is available from both surface and underground drilling, the two data sets show a pattern of
divergence, with surface gamma log results showing generally higher values than gamma log results
for the underground drilling. Certainly, the surface gamma logging tools and procedures were in
all respects standard for the period, with no major bias expected. Nevertheless, a comparison of
available chemical assay data with gamma log interpretations suggests the possibility of
overestimation of uranium grades by surface hole gamma logs. This potential overestimation is
tempered somewhat by questions from Energy Fuels personnel concerning the validity of chemical
assays for this
14-1
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particular data set. Reassay data available to Scott Wilson RPA do not seem to
diverge greatly from the original data.
Underground gamma logging at Arizona 1 is understood to have utilized newly-developed tools
which may or may not have been as well calibrated as the surface tools. Given, however, that the
underground gamma results are generally lower than the surface gamma results, any potential bias
seems to be conservative.
Thus, surface gamma data at Arizona 1 is not fully supported by either underground data or by
chemical assay data. A potential exists, therefore, that grades developed by surface gamma logging
could be overstated.
The situation is reversed at both Canyon and Pinenut where available data indicate substantial
grade understatement by gamma logging in comparison to chemical assays. Available chemical assay
data at Canyon and Pinenut show chemical grades to be in the order of 60% higher than gamma logging
grades.
It should be stressed that chemical assay data for all pipes is incomplete, unverified and, in
some cases, conflicting. This situation contributes substantially to the use of an inferred
classification for mineral resources within all pipes.
Scott Wilson RPA concludes that, although not all data were available for checking, Energy
Fuels followed standard industry practices of the time and that the results of those practices are
likely to be a reasonable guide to mineralization available for resource estimation and
exploitation.
Scott Wilson RPA is of the opinion that available data are insufficient to make a definitive
judgement on the differences between gamma values and chemical assays. We recommend that Denison
attempt to pursue these discrepancies in greater detail in order to clarify the situation.
14-2
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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15 ADJACENT PROPERTIES
Energy Fuels developed and mined a series of breccia pipe deposits in the Arizona Strip
during the period 1980 to 1991. In addition to those pipes covered in this report (Kanab North,
Pinenut, Arizona 1, and Canyon), Energy Fuels also produced from other breccia pipes, which were
subsequently reclaimed and are not owned by Denison (Hack 1, Hack 2, Hack 3, Pigeon and Hermit).
Production from these other pipes is summarized in the following table.
TABLE 15-1 ENERGY FUELS PRODUCTION SUMMARY OTHER BRECCIA
PIPES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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Pipe |
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Tons of Ore |
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Average Grade (% U3O8) |
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Pounds U3O8 |
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Hack 1 |
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133,822 |
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0.530 |
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1,419,623 |
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Hack 2 |
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497,099 |
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0.704 |
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7,000,273 |
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Hack 3 |
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111,263 |
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0.504 |
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1,121,748 |
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Pigeon |
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439,359 |
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0.649 |
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5,702,570 |
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Hermit |
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36,339 |
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0.760 |
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552,449 |
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In addition to the Energy Fuels pipes, several other significant pipes in the area have
been identified by other companies. These pipes include: Sage, EZ-1, and EZ-2. While well
explored and delineated, these pipes were not developed for production, mainly due to declining
prices.
The information on historical production provided above is not necessarily indicative of
mineralization in the Denison breccia pipes discussed in this report.
15-1
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16 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING
Denison has not carried out any metallurgical work on the properties.
Historically, drill core from the exploration drilling process as well as bulk samples from
underground exploration and development were routinely sent from the Arizona Strip projects to the
White Mesa mill at Blanding, Utah, for amenability testing. Those tests were the basis for
estimates of processing cost and process recovery.
Canyon
Test work completed on samples from the Canyon pipe during 1984 indicated 99% leach extraction
with 25 g/l of free acid at a pH of 0.8. Leach retention time was 48 hours at 70oC with
a sodium chlorate addition of 16 pounds per ton.
Arizona 1
Mill amenability tests on mineralized material from core drilling at Arizona 1 prior to 1993
indicated that 96% extraction could be attained with a leach retention time of 48 hours. Acid
consumption was 540 pounds per ton of material
with the addition of 1.75 pounds of sodium chlorate.
Pinenut
Details on Pinenut amenability are not available, but some 25,800 tons of material at an
average grade of 1.02% U3O8 from Pinenut were processed at the White Mesa mill at
Blanding, Utah, during 1989 and 1990. On the basis of the results from that milling, Energy Fuels
expected to recover 96% of the uranium contained in the remaining material.
16-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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17 MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL
RESERVE ESTIMATES
GENERAL STATEMENT
Scott Wilson RPA has prepared mineral resource estimates for the Arizona 1,
Canyon, and Pinenut deposits using historical drill hole data provided by Denison (Table
17-1). Scott Wilson RPA interpreted a set of cross sections and plan views to construct
3D grade-shell wireframe models at 0.2% eU3O8. Variogram parameters were
interpreted and eU3O8 grades were estimated in the block model using kriging. The
grade-shell wireframes were used to constrain the grade interpolation. All blocks within
the 0.2% eU3O8 grade-shell wireframes, regardless of grade, were included in the mineral
resource estimate.
Inferred mineral resources at the Arizona 1 deposit are estimated to include 70,300
tons grading 0.68% eU3O8 containing 956,000 pounds eU3O8. Due to difficulties
encountered in validating historical data, all mineral resources are classified as Inferred
despite dense drilling from underground in some areas.
Inferred mineral resources at the Canyon deposit are estimated to include 70,500 tons
grading 1.08% eU3O8 containing 1,523,000 pounds eU3O8. All mineral resources are
classified as Inferred given the drill hole spacing and orientation with respect to the
continuity of the mineralization.
Inferred mineral resources at the Pinenut deposit are estimated to include 99,200 tons
grading 0.44% eU3O8 containing 873,000 pounds eU3O8. As noted in Section 6 History
of this report, mineralization below the 4,087 ft. level was mined out in the 1980s, prior
to Pinenut being placed on standby. Scott Wilson RPA, therefore, restricted all mineral
resources estimated at Pinenut to areas above that level. Due to difficulties encountered
in validating historical data, all mineral resources are classified as Inferred despite dense
drilling from underground in most parts of the deposit.
17-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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There are no Mineral Reserves estimated at any of the three deposits at this time.
TABLE 17-1 INFERRED MINERAL RESOURCES FEBRUARY 2007
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tons |
|
eU3O8 |
|
eU3O8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(%) |
|
(lbs) |
|
ARIZONA 1 |
|
|
70,300 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
956,000 |
|
CANYON |
|
|
70,500 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
1,523,000 |
|
PINENUT |
|
|
99,200 |
|
|
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
873,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: |
|
1. |
|
CIM Definitions were followed for mineral resources. |
|
2. |
|
Interval grades were converted from the gamma log data and are therefore
equivalent
U3O8
(eU3O8) |
|
3. |
|
Grade-shell wireframes at 0.2%
eU3O8 were used to constrain the grade
interpolation. All material within the wireframes is included in the estimate. |
|
4. |
|
eU3O8 values were interpolated by kriging. |
|
5. |
|
Wireframes were constructed with a minimum drill hole sample length of 6 ft. |
|
6. |
|
High eU3O8 grades were cut to 6% at Arizona 1, 10% at Canyon, and 8% at
Pinenut. |
|
7. |
|
Blocks are 5 ft. by 5 ft. by 5 ft. |
|
8. |
|
Gemcom Software International Inc. Resource Evaluation Edition Version GEMS
6.02 was used. |
ARIZONA 1 DEPOSIT RESOURCE ESTIMATE
RESOURCE DATABASE AND VALIDATION
Scott Wilson RPA received header, survey, and eU3O8 data from Denison in
Excel format. Data were amalgamated and parsed as required, converted to ASCII, and imported into
Gemcom Software International Inc. (Gemcom) Resource Evaluation Version 6.03 for mineral resource
modeling.
The Arizona 1 Gemcom database includes drill holes from both surface and underground totalling
253 collar records with 67,600 ft. drilling (Table 17-2). Most drilling is from underground
including 236 holes for a total length of 42,312 ft. and an average length of 179 ft. Surface
drilling includes 17 holes with a total length of 25,289 ft. for an average depth of 1,488 ft.
17-2
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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www.rpacan.com
www.scottwilson.com |
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TABLE 17-2 ARIZONA 1 GEMCOM DATABASE
RECORDS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
Table Name |
|
Number of Records |
|
HOLE-ID |
|
|
253 |
|
SURVEY |
|
|
3,372 |
|
eU3O8VALUES |
|
|
56,590 |
|
COMP_CTRL |
|
|
186 |
|
COMPOSITE (Resource Comps.) |
|
|
1,597 |
|
The Arizona 1 Gemcom database includes 56,590 eU3O8 values with 0.5 ft.
lengths totalling 28,295 ft. of values. Underground drilling accounts for the bulk of the
eU3O8 data and includes 42,078 records for 21,039 ft. of eU3O8
values.
Visual inspection of eU3O8 values by Scott Wilson RPA found a number of
unsampled intersections in underground drilling that lie in close proximity to well mineralized
intersections in nearby drill holes suggesting that eU3O8 data is discontinuous
in some mineralized areas. Although unsampled intervals were treated as zero grade during the
compositing process, best efforts were made to minimize the impact of unsampled, but potentially
mineralized intercepts.
A variety of validation queries and routines were run in Excel, Access, and Gemcom to identify
data errors. Only a few minor problems were identified and corrected. Scott Wilson RPA verified a
significant number of data records with original logs. No discrepancies were identified.
In Scott Wilson RPAs opinion, the Gemcom drill hole database is valid and is suitable to make
an Inferred Mineral Resource estimate at Arizona 1.
17-3
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CUT-OFF GRADE
In its feasibility studies of the various Arizona Strip breccia pipes compiled during the
1980s and 1990s, Energy Fuels typically used a cut-off grade of 0.15% U3O8.
Current estimated operating costs for uranium production (mining, haulage, and milling) from these
pipes are in the order of $200 per ton of material processed. Considering a marginal production
cost of 60 percent of the basic operating cost, the marginal cost of production would be
approximately $120 per ton. Since only about three pounds U3O8 would be
recovered from each ton of material processed, a projected long-term sustainable market price in
the range of $30 to $40 per pound U3O8 is not sufficient to justify a cut-off
grade of 0.15% U3O8. A more reasonable cut-off for long-term sustainable market
conditions would be approximately 0.20% U3O8. This cut-off grade was also
applied at the Canyon and Pinenut deposits.
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND 3D SOLIDS
Scott Wilson used Leapfrog 3D contouring software to create preliminary grade-shell wireframes
at a 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off. These were imported into Gemcom and used as a guide to
create a set of polylines. Level plans are spaced 5 ft. or 10 ft. apart and extend from 4,600 ft.
to 3,830 ft. elevation. The polylines were edited and joined together in 3D using tie lines.
During this stitching process, polylines and/or tie lines were snapped to composite control
intervals which were interpreted using a 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off, minimum intercept
length of 6 ft., and minimum waste thickness of 6 ft. Occasionally, lower grade intersections were
included to facilitate continuity. Isolated mineralized intercepts greater than 10 ft. long were
enveloped with cylinders of a diameter equal to or less than the length of the intersection, to a
maximum of 25 ft.
Twenty-five domains (Figures 17-1 and 17-2) were interpreted and assigned identifier numbers
from D01 through to D27 (D13 and D14 are not included). The domains range in size from 100 tons
to 39,200 tons for a total of 70,300 tons. Domains D01 and D02 make up nearly 75% of the total
tons and are described in detail below.
17-4
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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D01 is located in the southern half of the breccia pipe between elevations 4,460 ft. and 4,250
ft. It has an elongated-irregular shape, plunging -80º to the north, and is approximately 25 ft.
in diameter. D01 totals 13,000 tons and is intersected by two surface holes and fifteen
underground drill holes.
D02 is the downplunge extension of D01 and ranges in elevation from 4,300 ft. to 4,070 ft. It
has an irregular shape with several shoots but has a plunge of -65º to the north. D02 is the
largest of the 25 domains and totals 39,000 tons. It is intersected by six surface holes and 58
underground drill holes.
FIGURE 17-1 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF ARIZONA 1 GRADE-SHELL
WIREFRAMES (LOOKING NORTH)
17-5
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FIGURE 17-2 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF ARIZONA 1 GRADE-SHELL
WIREFRAMES (LOOKING EAST)
eU3O8 STATISTICS
Percent eU3O8 values inside the grade-shell wireframes were tagged with
domain identifiers and exported to Excel for basic statistical analysis. Given that
eU3O8 values from surface drill holes were measured using a different instrument
than the underground gamma logs, Scott Wilson RPA generated separate descriptive statistics (Table
17-3) and a Quartile-Quartile plot (Figure 17-3) to assess whether any bias was evident between the
measurement methods.
The average value of the eU3O8 from underground drilling is 0.52%, while the
average value from surface drilling is 0.88%. Since there are considerably more records
17-6
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from
underground drilling (n=5,326) than from surface drilling (n=1,099), the average value is weighted
toward the mean eU3O8 from underground drilling. The Quartile-Quartile plot
(Figure 17-3) confirms that eU3O8 from surface drilling are higher, particularly
for values above 0.5% eU3O8.
TABLE 17-3 ARIZONA 1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF eU3O8 (%)
VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underground Drill |
|
Surface Drill |
|
|
All Drill Holes |
|
Holes |
|
Holes |
|
Mean |
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.52 |
|
|
|
0.88 |
|
Median |
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
Standard Deviation |
|
|
0.79 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
1.28 |
|
Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
1.36 |
|
|
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
1.46 |
|
Minimum |
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
Maximum |
|
|
10.50 |
|
|
|
7.80 |
|
|
|
10.50 |
|
Count |
|
|
6,425 |
|
|
|
5,326 |
|
|
|
1,099 |
|
FIGURE 17-3 QUARTILE-QUARTILE PLOT OF eU3O8 VALUES FROM
SURFACE VERSUS UNDERGOUND DRILL HOLES
For values less than 0.5% eU3O8 , the two data sets are somewhat similar.
For values above 0.5% eU3O8 , surface holes contain a higher proportion of high
values. This bias suggests some questions regarding the reliability of the data set. However,
Scott Wilson
17-7
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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RPA considers the data set suitable to estimate inferred mineral resources considering the grade is
biased low due to the high proportion of values from underground drilling. There is some
opportunity for the average grade to be higher and improve the overall integrity of the database by
relogging selected drill holes from surface and underground.
CUTTING HIGH GRADE VALUES
Because of the skewed nature of uranium breccia-pipe deposit data sets, a small number of high
eU3O8 values have a tendency to overly influence the average grade. Such
outliers must be treated in some manner in order to reduce their influence on the average grade.
One way of treating the high values is to cut or cap them at a specific grade level. In Scott
Wilson RPAs view, raw values should be cut rather than composites, since composites, in general,
smooth the high values by combining them with adjacent lower values and mask their influence on the
average grade.
In the absence of production data to calibrate the cutting level, inspection of the
eU3O8 distribution can be used to estimate a first pass cutting, or capping,
level. Scott Wilson RPA examined the distribution of eU3O8 values to determine
the effect of high values on the average grade. Given the smooth log-normal distribution shown in
Figure 17-4 and the spatial distribution of the high-grade samples with respect to the domain
boundaries, Scott Wilson RPA chose to cut eU3O8 values to 6%.
Cutting eU3O8 values to 6% affects 19 values which represent less that 0.5%
of the resource values. This has a small effect on the average value (Table 17-4) and lowers the
standard deviation. Scott Wilson RPA recommends that the cutting level be reassessed as more data
become available.
17-8
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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FIGURE 17-4 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF eU3O8 VALUES WITHIN THE
0.2% eU3O8 GRADE-SHELL WIREFRAME FOR ARIZONA 1
TABLE 17-4 ARIZONA 1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF CUT eU3O8
(%) VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underground Drill |
|
Surface Drill |
|
|
All Drill Holes |
|
Holes |
|
Holes |
|
Cutting Level |
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
Number of Values Cut |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
Mean |
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.52 |
|
|
|
0.86 |
|
Median |
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
Standard Deviation |
|
|
0.76 |
|
|
|
0.62 |
|
|
|
1.19 |
|
Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
1.32 |
|
|
|
1.20 |
|
|
|
1.38 |
|
Minimum |
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
Maximum |
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
Count |
|
|
6,425 |
|
|
|
5,326 |
|
|
|
1,099 |
|
COMPOSITING
All digital eU3O8 data received from Denison have 0.5 ft. sample lengths.
Scott Wilson RPA composited these data to two-foot lengths starting at the first mineralization
wireframe boundary from the collar and resetting at each new mineralization wireframe
17-9
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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boundary. Composites less than 0.5 ft. long were excluded from the database. These may occur at the
bottom of the mineralized zone, immediately above where the drill hole exits the grade-shell
wireframe. Table 17-5 summarizes statistics of the uncut and cut eU3O8 composite
values.
TABLE 17-5 ARIZONA 1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF eU3O8
(%) COMPOSITE VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underground |
|
|
|
All Drill Holes |
|
|
Surface Holes |
|
|
Holes |
|
|
|
Uncut |
|
Cut |
|
|
Uncut |
|
Cut |
|
|
Uncut |
|
Cut |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
|
0.89 |
|
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
|
0.52 |
|
|
|
0.52 |
|
Median |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
0.33 |
|
Standard Deviation |
|
|
|
0.75 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
1.16 |
|
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
|
1.28 |
|
|
|
1.24 |
|
|
|
|
1.40 |
|
|
|
1.34 |
|
|
|
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
1.09 |
|
Minimum |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
Maximum |
|
|
|
8.28 |
|
|
|
5.96 |
|
|
|
|
8.28 |
|
|
|
5.96 |
|
|
|
|
5.42 |
|
|
|
5.10 |
|
Count |
|
|
|
1,589 |
|
|
|
1,589 |
|
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
|
1,317 |
|
|
|
1,317 |
|
Scott Wilson RPA notes that the average grade of the interpolated blocks (0.68%) is
greater than the average cut eU3O8
value of the composites (0.58%). This is due
to higher grade composites representing larger volumes within the wireframe models.
DENSITY
Scott Wilson RPA did not receive density measurements and, therefore, applied a tonnage factor
of 13 ft.3 which had been used in the historical resources and substantiated by Hack
Canyon mines production data.
VARIOGRAPHY AND KRIGING PARAMETERS
Scott Wilson RPA used Sage 2001 software to prepare a series of variograms from
eU3O8 composite values located within the mineralized wireframes (Figures 24-1 to
24-5 in Appendix 1). To help create interpretable variograms, only composites less than 3%
eU3O8 were used in the analysis. The downhole variogram is well developed and
indicates a nugget effect of 15%. Long range variograms were attempted in a variety of
17-10
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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directions and commonly indicate a range of 25 ft. Single structure spherical models were used with
a 15% nugget effect to model the experimental variograms.
Grade interpolation by kriging was restricted by the grade-shell wireframe models and by a
spherical search ellipse with a 40 ft. radius. Interpolation parameters are summarized in Table
17-6.
TABLE 17-6 ARIZONA 1 SEARCH STRATEGY
AND KRIGING PARAMETERS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
Search Ellipsoid X (ft.) |
|
|
40 |
Y (ft.) |
|
|
40 |
Z (ft.) |
|
|
40 |
Orientation |
|
|
spherical |
Nugget |
|
|
0.15 |
Sill |
|
|
1.00 |
Range X (ft.) |
|
|
25 |
Range Y (ft.) |
|
|
25 |
Range Z (ft.) |
|
|
25 |
Maximum samples per hole |
|
|
n/a |
Minimum samples |
|
|
2 |
Maximum samples |
|
|
20 |
BLOCK MODEL
A model of 2,976,000 blocks was built in Gemcom. Blocks are 5 ft. by 5 ft. by 5 ft. in size
and the model has 62 columns, 48 rows, and 100 levels. The model origin is at coordinates 777,110
ft. E, 2,005,060 ft. N, and 4,500 ft. elevation. Each block in the model contains the following
information:
|
|
|
Interpolated cut and uncut eU3O8 grades related to mineralized blocks
inside the mineralization wireframes (Figures 17-5 to 17-10). |
|
|
|
|
The percentage volume of each block within the mineralization wireframes. |
|
|
|
|
A global density of 13 ft.3/ton. |
|
|
|
|
Mineral Resource classification identifiers
for mineral resource blocks. |
|
|
|
|
The distance to the closest composite used to interpolate the block grade. |
|
|
|
|
The average distance to all composites used to interpolate the block grade. |
17-11
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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www.scottwilson.com |
17-12
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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www.scottwilson.com |
17-13
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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www.scottwilson.com |
17-14
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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www.scottwilson.com |
17-15
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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17-16
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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17-17
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Definitions for resource categories used in this report are consistent with those defined by
CIM (2000 and 2004) and adopted by NI 43-101. In the CIM classification, a Mineral Resource is
defined as a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic
material in or on the Earths crust in such form and quantity and of such grade or quality that it
has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. Mineral Resources are classified into Measured,
Indicated, and Inferred categories. A Mineral Reserve is defined as the economically mineable part
of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility
Study. Mineral Reserves are classified into Proven and Probable categories.
Scott Wilson RPA classified all mineral resources at Arizona 1 as Inferred since the chemical
assay data provided were insufficient to thoroughly verify the calibration of the gamma-log to
eU3O8 values as discussed in Section 14 Data Verification. Also, Scott Wilson RPA
was unable to confirm the downhole orientation survey data. Drill hole spacing at Arizona 1
relative to variogram ranges and apparent continuity of the mineralized zones are sufficient to
upgrade some of the mineral resources to at least the Indicated category if the eU3O8
values and orientation data can be confirmed.
MINERAL RESOURCE VALIDATION
Scott Wilson RPA validated the block model for mineral resource estimation based on visual
inspection, volumetric comparison, and a comparison of results using inverse distance squared
estimation.
Scott Wilson RPA visually compared the block grades with the composite grades on plan views
and found good overall correlation. Scott Wilson RPA notes that its grade interpolation profiles
should be reviewed and revised as new data become available.
The estimated total volume of the wireframe models is 912,600 ft.3, while the
volume of the block model at a zero cut-off is 912,900 ft.3. The small difference in
volumes is
17-18
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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mainly due to the integration precision related to Gemcoms Level 3 (nine needles per cell)
integration level used to estimate the percentage of mineralization in each block.
In addition to the kriging interpolation method, Scott Wilson RPA estimated the mineral
resource at Arizona 1 using the inverse distance squared (Table 17-7). It is Scott Wilson RPAs
opinion that the difference in contained pounds of eU3O8 is within
acceptable limits.
TABLE 17-7 ARIZONA 1 COMPARISON OF KRIGING VERSUS INVERSE
DISTANCE SQUARED METHOD
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tons |
|
eU3O8 |
|
eU3O8 |
|
|
|
|
(%) |
|
(lbs) |
|
Kriging |
|
|
70,300 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
956,00 |
|
Inverse Distance Squared |
|
|
70,300 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
1,012,000 |
|
17-19
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CANYON DEPOSIT RESOURCE ESTIMATE
RESOURCE DATABASE AND VALIDATION
Scott Wilson RPA received header, survey, and eU3O8 data from Denison in
Excel format. Data were amalgamated and parsed as required, converted to ASCII, and imported into
Gemcom Resource Evaluation Version 6.03 for mineral resource modeling.
The Canyon Gemcom database includes 45 surface holes totalling 61,400 ft. of drilling for an
average depth of 1,364 ft. (Table 17-8). The database includes 37,442 eU3O8
values with 0.5 ft. lengths totalling 18,721 ft. of values.
TABLE 17-8 CANYON GEMCOM DATABASE
RECORDS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
Table Name |
|
Number of Records |
|
HOLE-ID |
|
|
45 |
|
SURVEY |
|
|
1,348 |
|
eU3O8 VALUES |
|
|
37,442 |
|
COMP_CTRL |
|
|
72 |
|
COMPOSITE (Resource Comps.) |
|
|
583 |
|
A variety of validation queries and routines were run in Excel, Access, and Gemcom to
identify data errors. Only a few minor problems were identified and corrected. Scott Wilson RPA
verified a significant number of data records with original logs. No discrepancies were
identified.
In Scott Wilson RPAs opinion, the Gemcom drill hole database is valid and is suitable to make
an Inferred Mineral Resource estimate.
17-20
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CUT-OFF GRADE
Scott Wilson RPA applied a 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off grade at Canyon. An
explanation of costs and reasoning in determining this cut-off grade is described in the Arizona 1
subsection above.
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND 3D SOLIDS
Scott Wilson used Leapfrog 3D contouring software to create preliminary grade-shell wireframes
at a 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off. These were imported into Gemcom and used as a guide to
create a set of polylines. Level plans are spaced 5 ft. or 10 ft. apart, depending on the density
of drilling, and extend from 6,500 ft. to 4,525 ft. elevation. Contoured polylines were joined
together in 3D using tie lines. During this stitching process, polylines and/or tie lines were
snapped to composite control intervals which were interpreted using a 0.2% eU3O8
cut-off, minimum core length of 6 ft., and minimum waste thickness of 6 ft. Occasionally,
lower grade intersections were included to facilitate continuity. Isolated mineralized intercepts
greater than 10 ft. long were enveloped with cylinders of a diameter equal to or less than the
length of the intersection, to a maximum of 25 ft.
Sixteen domains (Figure 17-11) were interpreted and assigned identifier numbers from D01
through to D18 (D09 and D17 are not included). Domains range in size from 200 tons to 39,500 tons
for a total of 68,800 tons. Domain D01 makes up more than 50% of the total tons. Domains D02, D12,
D14, and D15 together make up an additional 30% of the total tons. These large domains are
described below.
Domains D01 and D02 are located between elevations 5,270 ft. and 5,110 ft. and represent
almost 70% of the total tons of the mineral resource estimate at Canyon. These zones make up the
central zone within the breccia pipe and form a thick semi-continuous cylinder 150 ft. in diameter.
D01 and D02 are intersected by ten and three drill holes, respectively.
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The geometry of the deeper zones is thought to be similar to mineralization at the Orphan Mine
where mineralization occurs as bands and rings around the periphery of the pipe. These domains
cannot be fully tested by vertical drilling, so that mineralized intercepts can only provide
general location. Therefore, a considerable degree of geologic interpretation is involved in
projecting ring domains. Domains D12, D14, and D15 account for more than 20% of the mineral
resource tons at Canyon and are intersected by three or four drill holes each.
FIGURE 17-11 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF CANYON GRADE-SHELL
WIREFRAMES (LOOKING NORTH)
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FIGURE 17-12 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF CANYON GRADE-SHELL
WIREFRAMES (LOOKING EAST)
eU3O8 STATISTICS
Percent eU3O8 values inside the grade-shell wireframes were tagged with
domain identifiers and exported to Excel for statistical analysis. All values have 0.5 ft. sample
lengths. Table 17-9 lists descriptive statistics for uncut % eU3O8.
17-23
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TABLE 17-9 CANYON DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS OF eU3O8 (%) VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean |
|
|
|
1.02 |
|
Median |
|
|
|
0.31 |
|
Standard Deviation |
|
|
|
2.36 |
|
Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
|
2.30 |
|
Minimum |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
Maximum |
|
|
|
39.86 |
|
Count |
|
|
|
2,366 |
|
CUTTING HIGH GRADE VALUES
Given the distribution of eU3O8 values at Canyon, Scott Wilson RPA chose to
cut eU3O8 values to 10%. The reasoning and method are described in the Arizona 1
subsection above.
Cutting eU3O8 values to 10% affects 36 values which represent 1.5% of the
values. This has a small effect on the average eU3O8 value (Table 17-10) and
lowers the standard deviation to 1.71 from 2.26. Scott Wilson RPA recommends that the cutting level
be reassessed as more data become available.
17-24
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FIGURE 17-13 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF eU3O8 VALUES WITHIN
THE 0.2% eU3O8 GRADE-SHELL WIREFRAME FOR CANYON
TABLE 17-10 CANYON DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
OF CUT eU3O8 (%) VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cutting Level |
|
|
|
10.00 |
|
Number of Values Cut |
|
|
|
36 |
|
Mean |
|
|
|
0.95 |
|
Median |
|
|
|
0.31 |
|
Standard Deviation |
|
|
|
1.82 |
|
Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
|
1.91 |
|
Minimum |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
Maximum |
|
|
|
10.00 |
|
Count |
|
|
|
2,366 |
|
COMPOSITING
All digital eU3O8 data received from Denison have 0.5 ft. sample lengths.
Scott Wilson RPA composited this data to two-foot length starting at the first mineralization
wireframe boundary from the collar and resetting at each new mineralization wireframe boundary.
Composites less then 0.5 ft. long were excluded from the database. These may occur at the bottom of
the mineralized zone, immediately above where the drill hole
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exits the grade-shell wireframe. Table 17-11 summarizes statistics of the uncut and cut
eU3O8 composite values.
TABLE 17-11 CANYON DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF eU3O8 (%)
COMPOSITE VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uncut |
|
Cut |
|
Mean |
|
|
1.03 |
|
|
|
0.96 |
|
Median |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
Standard Deviation |
|
|
1.89 |
|
|
|
1.58 |
|
Coefficient of Variation |
|
|
1.83 |
|
|
|
1.65 |
|
Minimum |
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
Maximum |
|
|
15.20 |
|
|
|
9.89 |
|
Count |
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
Scott Wilson RPA notes that the average grade of the interpolated blocks (1.08%) is
greater than the average cut eU3O8 value of the composites (0.96%). This is due
to higher grade composites representing larger volumes within the wireframe models.
DENSITY
Scott Wilson RPA did not receive density measurements and, therefore, applied a tonnage factor
of 13 ft.3 which had been used in the historical resources and substantiated by Hack
Canyon mines production data.
VARIOGRAPHY AND KRIGING PARAMETERS
Scott Wilson RPA used Sage 2001 software to prepare a series of variograms of composite
eU3O8 values within the mineralized wireframes. To help create interpretable
variograms, only composites less than 3% eU3O8 were used in the analysis. The
downhole variogram is well developed and indicates a nugget effect of 40% (Figures 24-6 in Appendix
1). Long range variograms were less developed and are difficult to interpret probably due to
lack of data. Scott Wilson RPA applied similar variogram models as interpreted in the Arizona 1
data for kriging purposes.
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Grade interpolation was performed by kriging and was restricted by the grade-shell wireframe
models and by a spherical search ellipse with a 40 ft. radius. Interpolation and kriging parameters
are summarized in Table 17-12.
TABLE 17-12 CANYON SEARCH STRATEGY
AND KRIGING PARAMETERS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
Search Ellipsoid X (ft.) |
|
40 |
Y (ft.) |
|
40 |
Z (ft.) |
|
40 |
Orientation |
|
spherical |
Nugget |
|
0.40 |
Sill |
|
1.00 |
Range X (ft.) |
|
25 |
Range Y (ft.) |
|
25 |
Range Z (ft.) |
|
25 |
Maximum samples per hole |
|
n/a |
Minimum samples |
|
2 |
Maximum samples |
|
20 |
BLOCK MODEL
A model of 417,696 blocks was built in Gemcom. Blocks are 5 ft. by 5 ft. by 5 ft. in size and
the model has 48 columns, 38 rows, and 229 levels. The model origin is at coordinates 446,850 ft.
E, 1,776,550 ft. N, and 5,680 ft. elevation. Each block in the model contains the following
information:
|
|
|
Interpolated cut and uncut eU3O8 grades related to mineralized blocks
located within the mineralization wireframes (Figures 17-14 to 17-17). |
|
|
|
|
The percentage volume of each block within the mineralization wireframes. |
|
|
|
|
A global density of 13 ft.3/ton. |
|
|
|
|
Mineral Resource classification identifiers
for mineral resource blocks. |
|
|
|
|
The distance to the closest composite used to interpolate the block grade. |
|
|
|
|
The average distance to all composites used to interpolate the block grade. |
17-27
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17-28
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17-29
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17-30
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17-31
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CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Definitions for resource categories used in this report are consistent with those defined by
CIM (2000 and 2004) and adopted by NI 43-101. In the CIM classification, a Mineral Resource is
defined as a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic
material in or on the Earths crust in such form and quantity and of such grade or quality that it
has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. Mineral Resources are classified into Measured,
Indicated, and Inferred categories. A Mineral Reserve is defined as the economically mineable part
of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility
Study. Mineral Reserves are classified into Proven and Probable categories.
Scott Wilson RPA classified all mineral resources at Canyon as Inferred given the drill hole
spacing, variogram ranges relative to the apparent continuity of the mineralized zones, and the
fact that the gamma-log to eU3O8 conversion was not thoroughly verified against
chemical assay results as discussed in section 14 Data Verification. Verification of
eU3O8 results by drilling and chemical assays would result in reclassification of
mineral resources as Indicated and Measured.
MINERAL RESOURCE VALIDATION
Scott Wilson RPA validated the block model for mineral resource estimation using: visual
inspection, volumetric comparison, and a comparison of results using inverse distance squared.
Scott Wilson RPA visually compared the block grades with the composite grades on plan views
and found good overall correlation. Scott Wilson RPA notes that its grade interpolation profiles
should be reviewed and revised as new data become available.
The estimated total volume of the wireframe models is 894,600 ft.3, while the
volume of the block model at a zero cut-off is 894,400 ft.3.
17-32
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In addition to the kriging interpolation method, Scott Wilson RPA estimated the mineral
resource at Canyon using the inverse distance squared (Table 17-13).
TABLE 17-13 CANYON COMPARISON OF KRIGING VERSUS INVERSE
DISTANCE SQUARED METHOD
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tons |
|
eU3O8 |
|
eU3O8 |
|
|
|
|
(%) |
|
(lbs) |
|
Kriging |
|
|
70,500 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
1,523,000 |
|
Inverse Distance Squared |
|
|
70,500 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
1,523,000 |
|
17-33
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PINENUT DEPOSIT RESOURCE ESTIMATE
RESOURCE DATABASE AND VALIDATION
Scott Wilson RPA received header, survey, and eU3O8 data from Denison in Excel format. Data
were amalgamated and parsed as required, converted to ASCII, and imported into Gemcom Resource
Evaluation Version 6.04 for mineral resource modeling.
The Pinenut Gemcom database includes drill holes from both surface and underground totalling
512 collar records with 119,647 ft. drilling (Table 17-14). Most drilling is from underground
including 483 holes for a total length of 84,516 ft. and an average length of 175 ft. Surface
drilling includes 29 holes with a total length of 35,130 ft. for an average depth of 1,211 ft.
TABLE 17-14 PINENUT GEMCOM DATABASE
RECORDS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
Table Name |
|
Number of Records |
|
HOLE-ID
|
|
512 |
SURVEY
|
|
6,234 |
eU3O8VALUES
|
|
77,738 |
COMPOSITE (2 ft. intervals)
|
|
48,080 |
The Pinenut database includes 77,738 eU3O8 values with 0.5 ft. lengths totalling 38,869 ft. of
values. Underground drilling accounts for the bulk of the eU3O8 data and includes 64,020 records
for 32,010 ft. of eU3O8 values.
A variety of validation queries and routines were run in Excel, Access, and Gemcom to identify
data errors. Only a few minor problems were identified and corrected. Scott Wilson RPA verified a
significant number of data records with original logs. No discrepancies were identified.
17-34
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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Visual inspection of eU3O8 values by Scott Wilson RPA found a number of unsampled
intersections in well mineralized intersections in nearby drill holes suggesting that eU3O8 data
are discontinuous in some mineralized areas. Although unsampled intervals were treated as zero
grade during the compositing process, best efforts were made to minimize the impact of unsampled,
but potentially mineralized, intercepts.
In Scott Wilson RPAs suitable to make an Inferred Mineral Resource estimate at Pinenut.
CUT-OFF GRADE
Scott Wilson RPA applied a 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off grade at Pinenut. An explanation of costs and
reasoning in determining this cut-off grade is described in the Arizona 1 subsection above.
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND 3D SOLIDS
Taking into consideration the density of drilling, sample distribution pattern, and nature of
mineralization, Scott Wilson RPA subdivided the Pinenut mineralization into three domains, D01, D0,
and D03. A description of the domains and methods used to create them is given below:
|
|
|
The first step was to develop a wireframe representing the volume with
semi-continuous to continuous eU3O8 values reported. This sampling
wireframe (D02) was required to constrain grade interpolation in the
mineralized zones and to prevent dilution from unsampled intervals which may
in fact be mineralized, as described above. The sampling wireframe was
created by digitizing polylines on 20 ft. spaced level plans and tying them
together in 3D. |
|
|
|
|
D01 represents a 0.2% eU3O8 grade-shell wireframe located inside D02. It
has an overall trend that plunges steeply to the south. D01 was created using
Leapfrog 3D contouring software at a 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off and was constrained by
the D02 sampling wireframe. Best efforts were made to snap the wireframe to
the assay boundaries, but, given the data distribution, this was not always
possible. |
17-35
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D03 represents two smaller zones located outside the D02 sampling wireframe.
D03 was created by digitizing a number of polylines on plan and tie-lines in
3D. These zones are defined by only one drill hole. |
Figures 17-18 and 17-19 depict the D01 and D03 wireframes. The D02 solids represent small
mineralized zones within the overall D02 sampling wireframe (not shown) but outside the D01
grade-shells. The elevations shown in Figures 17-18 and 17-19 are where underground levels were
established for underground drilling and development of the Pinenut deposit. Most mining took
place under the 4070 level.
FIGURE 17-18 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF PINENUT WIREFRAME SHELLS
(LOOKING NORTH)
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FIGURE 17-19 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF PINENUT GRADE-SHELL
WIREFRAMES (LOOKING EAST)
eU3O8 STATISTICS
Percent eU3O8 values inside the grade-shell wireframes were tagged with domain identifiers and
exported to Excel for statistical analysis. All values have 0.5 ft. sample lengths. Table 17-15
lists descriptive statistics for uncut %eU3O8.
17-37
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TABLE 17-15 PINENUT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
OF eU3O8 (%) VALUES
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
Mean |
|
0.64 |
Median |
|
0.36 |
Standard Deviation |
|
0.83 |
Coefficient of Variation |
|
1.30 |
Minimum |
|
0.00 |
Maximum |
|
10.13 |
Count |
|
20,314 |
CUTTING HIGH GRADE VALUES
Given the distribution of eU3O8 values at Pinenut, Scott Wilson RPA chose to cut
eU3O8 values to 8%. An explanation of the method is described in the Arizona 1 section above.
Cutting U3O8 values to 8% affects only 17 values, five of which are located outside the eU3O8
0.2% grade-shell wireframe. This has virtually no effect on the average eU3O8 value (Table 17-16)
and lowers the standard deviation to 0.83 from 0.82. Scott Wilson RPA recommends that the cutting
level be reassessed as more data become available.
17-38
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FIGURE 17-20 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF eU3O8 VALUES WITHIN
THE 0.2% eU3O8 GRADE-SHELL WIREFRAME FOR PINENUT
TABLE 17-16 PINENUT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF
CUT eU3O8 (%) VALUES INSIDE 0.2% GRADE-SHELL
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
Cutting Level |
|
8 |
Number of Values Cut |
|
12 |
Mean |
|
0.64 |
Median |
|
0.36 |
Standard Deviation |
|
0.82 |
Coefficient of Variation |
|
1.30 |
Minimum |
|
0.00 |
Maximum |
|
8.00 |
Count |
|
20,314 |
COMPOSITING
All digital eU3O8 data received from Denison have 0.5 ft. sample lengths. Scott Wilson RPA
composited this data to two-foot length starting at the first mineralization wireframe boundary
from the collar and resetting at each new mineralization wireframe boundary. Composites less then
0.5 ft. long were excluded from the database. These may occur at the bottom of the mineralized
zone, immediately above where the drill hole
17-39
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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exits the grade-shell wireframe. Table 17-17 summarizes statistics of the uncut and cut eU3O8
composite values.
TABLE 17-17 PINENUT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF eU3O8 (%)
COMPOSITE VALUES INSIDE 0.2% GRADE-SHELL
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uncut |
|
Cut |
|
Mean |
|
0.62 |
|
0.62 |
Median |
|
0.36 |
|
0.36 |
Standard Deviation |
|
0.78 |
|
0.77 |
Coefficient of Variation |
|
1.27 |
|
1.26 |
Minimum |
|
0.00 |
|
0.00 |
Maximum |
|
8.84 |
|
7.93 |
Count |
|
5,297 |
|
5,297 |
DENSITY
Scott Wilson RPA did not receive density measurements and, therefore, applied a tonnage factor
of 13 ft.3 which had been used in the historical resources and substantiated by Hack
Canyon mines production data.
VARIOGRAPHY AND KRIGING PARAMETERS
Scott Wilson RPA used Sage 2001 software to prepare a series of variograms of composite eU3O8
values within the mineralized wireframes. To help create interpretable variograms, only composites
less than 3% eU3O8 were used in the analysis. The downhole variogram is well developed and
indicates a low nugget effect of 10% (Figure 24-7 in Appendix 1). Long range variograms (Figure
24-8 and 24-9 in Appendix 1) suggest that the direction of maximum continuity dips steeply to the
south. Variograms were modeled using nested spherical models.
Grade interpolation was performed by kriging and was restricted by the grade-shell wireframe
models and by a spherical search ellipse. Interpolation parameters are summarized in Table 17-18
and 17-19.
17-40
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TABLE 17-18 PINENUT SEARCH ELLIPSE PARAMETERS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D01 |
|
D02 |
|
D03 |
|
Search Ellipsoid |
|
X (ft.) |
|
20 |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
|
Y (ft.) |
|
30 |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
|
Z (ft.) |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
13 |
Orientation |
|
X |
|
00º/090º |
|
spherical |
|
spherical |
|
|
Y |
|
-75º/180º |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z |
|
-15º/000º |
|
|
|
|
Maximum samples per hole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum samples |
|
5 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
Maximum samples |
|
12 |
|
10 |
|
10 |
TABLE 17-19 PINENUT VARIOGRAM PARAMETERS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
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|
|
|
|
|
|
C0 |
|
C1 Sill |
|
C1 Range (ft.) |
|
C2 Sill |
|
C2 Range (ft.) |
|
X
|
|
0.1
|
|
0.7
|
|
10
|
|
0.2
|
|
30 |
Y
|
|
0.1
|
|
0.5
|
|
8
|
|
0.4
|
|
20 |
Z
|
|
0.1
|
|
0.6
|
|
6
|
|
0.2
|
|
13 |
BLOCK MODEL
A model of 947,520 blocks was built in Gemcom. Blocks are 5 ft. by 5 ft. by 5 ft. in size and
the model has 72 columns, 94 rows, and 140 levels. The model origin is at coordinates 799,199 ft.
E, 2,004,100 ft. N, and 4,500 ft. elevation. Each block in the model contains the following
information:
|
|
|
Interpolated cut and uncut eU3O8 grades related to mineralized blocks located
within the mineralization wireframes (Figures 17-21 to 17-24). |
|
|
|
|
The percentage volume of each block within the mineralization wireframes. |
|
|
|
|
A global density of 13 ft.3/ton. |
|
|
|
|
Mineral Resource classification identifiers for mineral resource blocks. |
|
|
|
|
The distance to the closest composite used to interpolate the block grade. |
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|
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The average distance to all composites used to interpolate the block grade. |
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MINERAL RESOURCE REPORTING
Mineral resource reports were created using Gemcom volumetrics reporting procedures. All
blocks within domains D01 and D03, regardless of grade, were included as part of the mineral
resource statement since each of these domains were constrained using wireframes built at the 0.2%
eU3O8 cut-off grade. Given that the block grades within the D02 domain were interpolated
unconstrained further block selection was required to ensure that the blocks over the 0.2% eU3O8 cut-off
included as part of the mineral resource were spatially grouped with a reasonable chance of
underground mining. Small groups of isolated blocks less than 250 tons were not included as part
of the mineral resource statement.
As noted in Section 6 History of this report, mineralization below 4,087 ft. elevation was
mined out in the 1980s, prior to Pinenut being placed on standby. Scott Wilson RPA, therefore,
restricted all mineral resources estimated at Pinenut to areas above that elevation.
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17-43
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17-44
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17-45
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17-46
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CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Definitions for resource categories used in this report are consistent with those defined by
CIM (2000 and 2004) and adopted by NI 43-101. In the CIM classification, a Mineral Resource is
defined as a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic
material in or on the Earths crust in such Form and quantity and of such grade or quality that it
has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. Resources are classified into Measured,
Indicated, and Inferred categories. A Mineral Reserve is defined as the economically mineable
part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility
Study. Mineral Reserves are classified into Proven and Probable categories.
Scott Wilson RPA classified all mineral resources at Pinenut as Inferred since the chemical
assay data provided was insufficient to thoroughly verify the calibration of the gamma-log to eU3O8
values as discussed in Section 14 Data Verfication. Also, Scott Wilson RPA was unable to confirm
the downhole orientation survey data. Drill hole spacing at Pinenut relative to variogram ranges
and apparent continuity of the mineralized zones is sufficient to upgrade some of the mineral
resources to at least the Indicated category if the
eU3O8 values and orientation data could be
confirmed.
MINERAL RESOURCE VALIDATION
Scott Wilson RPA validated the block model for mineral resource estimation based on historic
production data, visual inspection, volumetric comparison, a comparison of results using inverse
distance squared.
Some validation of the model is given by comparing block model results with historic
production data below the 4,087 elevation. The block model in this part of the deposit (not
included in the mineral resource estimate) reports 36,000 tons grading 0.89% eU3O8 (640,800 lbs
eU3O8) compared to historic production of 25,556 tons grading 1.03% U3O8 (526,023 lbs U3O8). It is
not known what parts of the estimated mineral resource were
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mined below the 4,087 ft. elevation, so it is not possible to reconcile the tonnage, but the grades
area similar.
Scott Wilson RPA visually compared the block grades with the composite grades on plan views
and found good overall correlation. Scott Wilson RPA notes that its grade interpolation profiles
should be reviewed and revised as new data become available.
The estimated total volume of the 0.2% eU3O8 wireframe models is 1,452,955 ft.3,
while the volume of the block model at a zero cut-off is 1,454,217 ft.3. These volumes
include the material below 4,087 ft. which has been mined out and is not reported in the mineral
resource estimate. The small difference in volume may be due to Gemcom softwares needling
method that assigns volumes to partial blocks.
In addition to the kriging interpolation method, Scott Wilson RPA estimated the mineral
resource, above the 4,087 ft. level, at Pinenut using the inverse distance squared (Table 17-20).
TABLE 17-20 PINENUT COMPARISON OF KRIGING VERSUS INVERSE
DISTANCE SQUARED METHOD
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tons |
|
eU3O8 |
|
eU3O8 |
|
|
|
|
(%) |
|
(lbs) |
|
Kriging
|
|
99,200
|
|
0.44
|
|
873,000 |
Inverse Distance Squared
|
|
99,200
|
|
0.46
|
|
913,000 |
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18 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION
HISTORICAL LIFE OF MINE PLANS
A life of mine plan was established for the Canyon pipe by Energy Fuels and was presented in
the Environmental Impact Study for the Canyon Mine published in 1985. The plan included the
sinking of a 1,500 ft. vertical shaft with development levels between 900 ft. and 1,500 ft. This
development program was expected to require about three years for completion. Following mine
development, mine production will commence at a rate of about 200 tons of ore per day. A minimum
of five years of mining is anticipated, with the potential for an increase in mine life based on
additional mineralization identified by underground drilling. Overall project life is expected to
be approximately 10 years. A reasonably detailed estimate of capital costs for the Canyon mine
from a Preliminary Feasibility Report compiled by Energy Fuels in late 1984 constituted $4.1
million in plant and equipment, and $8.5 million in pre-production development.
Energy Fuels compiled a Final Feasibility Report on the Arizona 1 project dated January 1,
1993. This report outlines the basics of a two-phase program of exploration, development and
production over a six-year mine life. Considering development work completed to date, the
anticipated remaining pre-production costs totalled $5.6 million for a potential mine life of about
four years.
Additional costs necessary to resume production and to complete mining of the Pinenut deposit
were reported by Saskatchewan Mining & Mineral Services Ltd. in its acquisition study of Energy
Fuels for IUC dated November 25, 1996, to be $1.4 million.
These feasibility studies and life of mine plans will require updating using current prices
and costs.
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PROCESSING
It is anticipated that all mineralized material produced from Denison breccia pipes on the
Arizona Strip will be processed at Denisons White Mesa mill at Blanding, southeastern Utah.
The White Mesa mill is located six miles south of Blanding. Energy Fuels anticipated
reopening of many small low-grade mines on the Colorado Plateau, and the mill was designed to treat
2,000 short tons of ore per day. Construction commenced in June 1979 and was completed in May
1980. Due to uranium market variability, the mill has frequently operated on a campaign basis in
order to provide intervals for stockpiling sufficient ore to operate the mill at capacity.
Treatment of higher grade ores from the Arizona Strip required certain minor modification to the
leaching circuit and is at a rate somewhat lower than nominal capacity. The basic mill process is
a sulphuric acid leach with solvent extraction recovery of uranium and vanadium.
Since 1980, the mill has operated intermittently in a series of campaigns to process ores from
the Arizona Strip as well as from a few higher-grade mines of the Colorado Plateau. Overall, the
mill has produced approximately 28 million pounds U3O8 and 33 million pounds V2O5.
HISTORICAL OPERATING COSTS
Operating costs estimated in the past for the three major Denison projects in the Arizona
Strip are summarized in Table 18-1.
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TABLE 18-1 HISTORICAL OPERATING COST ESTIMATES BY ENERGY
FUELS
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mining $/ton |
|
Haulage $/ton |
|
Milling $/ton |
|
Total $/ton |
|
Canyon (1984)
|
|
$ |
38.85 |
|
|
$ |
22.00 |
|
|
$ |
43.00 |
|
|
$ |
103.85 |
|
Arizona 1 (1993)
|
|
$ |
34.28 |
|
|
$ |
25.17 |
|
|
$ |
53.24 |
|
|
$ |
112.69 |
|
Pinenut (1996)
|
|
$ |
39.72 |
|
|
$ |
34.87 |
|
|
$ |
41.36 |
|
|
$ |
115.95 |
|
Holding costs for Arizona Strip properties are minimal and consist entirely of annual fees for
unpatented mining claims on BLM land.
Reclamation bonds in place for the Arizona Strip properties amount to $375,000.
URANIUM MARKET ANALYSIS
After reaching historical lows in the 1990s, uranium prices have risen substantially from
approximately US$10.00 per pound U3O8 in early 2003 to over US$70.00 per pound U3O8 by late 2006.
18-3
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Historical Uranium Prices
Major factors influencing this rapid increase include: a weak US dollar compared to
currencies in the major uranium producing countries; recent disruptions in the uranium supply
chain; waning commercial uranium inventories; Russias withdrawal from the uranium concentrates
market; increasing uranium requirements, and speculative acquisition of uranium concentrates. On a
more fundamental basis, the outlook for nuclear power has changed dramatically toward the positive
since 2000. Global warming concerns, an excellent safety record, increasing efficiency, competitive
costs, progress on waste disposal issues, and continuing new reactor installations have all
contributed to an atmosphere of healthy growth for the nuclear industry in general.
As a result of these influences, the market for natural uranium concentrates has evolved from
a market driven by excess secondary supplies to one driven by primary production. This change is
not fleeting, but fundamental; it is the foundation of the future and must be recognized by both
producer and consumer alike.
18-4
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Global uranium requirements are expected to rise from the current level of about 170 million
pounds U3O8 per year to 186 million pounds U3O8 per year by
2010 and further to approximately 220 million pounds U3O8 per year by 2020.
International Nuclear, Inc. (iNi), a uranium consulting firm located in Golden, Colorado, and
of which one of the authors, Thomas C. Pool, P.E., is a principal, forecasts future uranium prices
based on the concept that prices are a function of the break-even production cost of the marginal
producer which is taken as the equivalent of the spot market price. Nevertheless, this fundamental
approach must be adjusted for market dynamics and by forecast anomalies in purchasing activity.
On this basis, iNi expects that uranium prices will continue to rise through 2008 but then
begin to moderate late in the decade as new primary production facilities fill the anticipated
supply gap and the market attains reasonable balance. In the longer term, depletion of some of the
lower cost deposits and increasing requirements will push prices higher once again. Market prices
are expected to exceed $25 per pound U3O8 for the foreseeable future.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Mine development of uranium-bearing breccia pipes of the Arizona Strip requires a minimum
of surface disturbance, typically less than 20 acres, and has little if any impact on groundwater
since most of the mines are relatively dry. The overall environmental impact is small.
Nevertheless, the Grand Canyon area is environmentally sensitive in many ways and the permitting,
development, and operation of uranium mine is a contentious issue.
The Canyon mine has been particularly contentious, mainly due to Havasupai Indian religious
claims, but also due to its proximity to the primary access highway to Grand Canyon National Park.
18-5
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The Havasupai Indian Reservation is located some 35 mi. from the Canyon mine site. Still, the
Tribe claims that the mine site has significant religious value and has actively
sought to prevent the mine from being completed through legal action. Following the
Environment Impact Statement process in 1986, a series of court hearings and appeals lasted into
August 1991 when the U.S. District court approved a modified Plan of Operation and denied an appeal
of the Tribe.
Northern Arizona, and the Flagstaff area in particular, is a centre of environmental activism
which includes a strong antinuclear component. Relatively easy access to the mine site has eased
the ability of protesters to gather at the site and to attempt to damage and/or disrupt the
operation. It is not clear that a resumption of mining activity on the Canyon site could proceed
unimpeded.
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19 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
Denisons breccia pipe uranium deposits constitute significant current inferred mineral
resources which are well defined within the standards of the US uranium industry. The pipes are
partially to fully developed, partially to fully permitted, have a substantial operating history of
nearby similar deposits to draw upon for operational guidance, have full access to an operating
uranium mill with a substantial operating history on similar mineralized material, and exhibit a
sound economic potential in the current uranium market.
Mineral resources for the Arizona 1, Canyon, and Pinenut breccia pipes as estimated by Scott
Wilson RPA are listed in Table 19-1. These have been estimated at a cut-off grade of 0.2%
eU3O8.
TABLE 19-1 INFERRED MINERAL RESOURCES FEBRUARY 2007
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tons |
|
eU3O8 |
|
eU3O8 |
|
|
|
|
(%) |
|
(lbs) |
|
ARIZONA 1 |
|
|
70,300 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
956,000 |
|
CANYON |
|
|
70,500 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
1,523,000 |
|
PINENUT |
|
|
99,200 |
|
|
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
873,000 |
|
Notes:
1. |
|
|
CIM Definitions were followed for mineral resources. |
|
2. |
|
|
Interval grades were converted from the gamma log data and are, therefore,
equivalent U3O8 (eU3O8) |
|
3. |
|
|
Grade-shell wireframes at 0.2% eU3O8 were used to constrain the grade
interpolation. All material within the wireframes is included in the estimate. |
|
4. |
|
|
eU3O8 values were interpolated by kriging. |
|
5. |
|
|
Wireframes were constructed with a minimum drill hole sample length of 6 ft. |
|
6. |
|
|
High eU3O8 grades were cut to 6% at Arizona 1, 10% at Canyon, and 8% at Pinenut. |
|
7. |
|
|
Blocks are 5 ft. by 5 ft. by 5 ft. |
|
8. |
|
|
Gemcom Software International Inc. Resource Evaluation Edition Version GEMS 6.02
was used. |
Scott Wilson RPA is of the opinion that the properties are of merit and warrant the
proposed programs and budgets.
19-1
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20 RECOMMENDATIONS
Scott Wilson RPA recommends that Denison:
|
1. |
|
Consolidate and catalogue the Arizona Strip database in a location and facility where
it can be conveniently used to verify, update, and complete resource/reserve estimates for
the Arizona 1, Canyon, and Pinenut pipes so that they can be used as a basis for an
updated mine planning and feasibility studies. |
|
|
2. |
|
Verify and validate the Arizona Strip database including resurveying surface drill
collar locations and down-hole orientation, and verifying the gamma-log to
eU3O8 calibrations with chemical assaying. |
|
|
3. |
|
Compile updated production studies on each relevant pipe. |
|
|
4. |
|
Hire trained personnel to carry through the verification and planning process and to
form a cadre for mine development and operation. |
|
|
5. |
|
Moving forward with permitting activities as necessary to meet the requirements of
regulatory authorities. |
|
|
6. |
|
Initiate the rehabilitation process for existing facilities. |
BUDGET
Scott Wilson RPA recommends the following program to assess the work required, costs and
economics of placing the three Arizona Strip projects into production. The total budget, which
includes starting the site rehabilitation and the permitting process, is $925,000.
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TABLE 20-1 RECOMMENDED PROGRAM AND BUDGET
Denison Mines Corp. Arizona Strip Project
|
|
|
|
|
Item |
|
US$ |
|
Stage 1 |
|
|
|
|
Database Update |
|
|
100,000 |
|
Production Studies Update |
|
|
150,000 |
|
Total Site Rehabilitation Costs |
|
|
150,000 |
|
Personnel Costs (Mining Engineer, Geologist, CAD Technician) |
|
|
325,000 |
|
Permitting Costs |
|
|
100,000 |
|
Subtotal |
|
|
825,000 |
|
Contingency |
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
925,000 |
|
20-2
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21 REFERENCES
Arizona 1 Project; Final Feasibility Report; Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.; January 1, 1993.
Canyon Project; Preliminary Feasibility Report; R. M. Steele; Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.; December
11, 1984.
CIM, 2004: CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, Prepared by CIM
Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions, Adopted by CIM Council, November 14, 2004.
CIM, 2000: CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves Definitions and Guidelines, CIM
Bulletin Vol. 93, No. 1044, October 2000.
International Uranium Corporation Acquisition Study of Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.; Saskatoon Mining
& Mineral Services Ltd.; November 25, 1996.
Memorandum from I.W. Mathisen, Jr., dated January 15, 1985.
Memorandum to I.W. Mathisen from J.T. Cottrell on Canyon Resource 1994 Changes; Energy Fuels
Nuclear; June 27, 1994.
Memorandum to Roger B. Smith from Donn M. Pillmore; Arizona 1 Mine Recoverable Ore Reserve
Calculation; Energy Fuels Nuclear; April 7, 1992.
Scott, J.H., 1962: GAMLOG A Computer Program for Interpreting Gamma-Ray Logs; United States Atomic
Energy Commission, Grand Junction Office, Production Evaluation Division, Ore Reserves Branch,
TM-179, September, 1962.
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22 SIGNATURE PAGE
This report titled Technical Report on the Arizona Strip Uranium Project, Arizona,
U.S.A. and dated February 26, 2007, was prepared and signed by the following authors:
|
|
|
|
|
(Signed & Sealed) |
|
|
|
Dated at Denver, Colorado
|
|
Thomas C. Pool, P.E. |
February 26, 2007
|
|
Associate Mining Engineer |
|
|
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. |
|
|
|
|
|
(Signed & Sealed) |
|
|
|
Dated at Toronto, Ontario
|
|
David A. Ross, P. Geo. |
February 26, 2007
|
|
Senior Geologist |
|
|
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. |
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23 CERTIFICATES OF QUALIFICATIONS
THOMAS C. POOL, P.E.
I, Thomas C. Pool, P.E., as an author of this report entitled Technical Report on the Arizona
Strip Uranium Project, Arizona, U.S.A., prepared for Denison Mines Corp. and dated February 26,
2007, do hereby certify that:
1. |
|
I am an Associate Mining Engineer with Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. of Suite
501, 55 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5J 2H7. |
|
2. |
|
I am a graduate of Colorado School of Mines with a professional degree in Mining Engineering. |
|
3. |
|
I am registered as a Professional Engineer in the State of Colorado (Reg.#12108 ). I am a
Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining & Metallurgy, and a Member of Society for
Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. |
|
4. |
|
I have worked as a mining engineer for a total of 36 years since my graduation. My relevant
experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is: approximately 30 years as a consultant
in the uranium industry having evaluated scores of projects throughout the world. |
|
5. |
|
I have read the definition of qualified person set out in National Instrument 43-101
(NI43-101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional
association (as defined in NI43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the
requirements to be a qualified person for the purposes of NI43-101. |
|
6. |
|
I visited the Arizona Strip Property on October 12, 2005 and at several times in the past. |
|
7. |
|
I am responsible for overall preparation of this Technical Report. |
|
8. |
|
I am independent of the Issuer applying the test set out in Section 1.4 of National
Instrument 43-101. |
|
9. |
|
I have had no prior involvement with the property that is the subject of the Technical Report
other than my employment with Energy Fuels Nuclear and the Concord group of companies in the
late 1980s and early 1990s. |
|
10. |
|
I have read National Instrument 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in
compliance with National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1. |
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11. |
|
To the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, the Technical Report contains all
scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report
not misleading. |
Dated this 26th day of February, 2007
(Signed & Sealed)
Thomas C. Pool, P.E
23-2
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DAVID A. ROSS, M.SC., P.GEO.
I, David A. Ross, P.Geo., as an author of this report entitled Technical Report on the Arizona
Strip Uranium Project, Arizona, U.S.A., prepared for Denison Mines Corp. and dated February 26,
2007, do hereby certify that:
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I am a Senior Geologist with Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. of Suite 501, 55
University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5J 2H7. |
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I am a graduate of Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, in 1993 with a Bachelor of Science
degree in Geology and Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in 1999 with a Master of
Science degree in Mineral Exploration. |
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I am registered as a Professional Geoscientist in the Province of Ontario (Reg.#1192). I have
worked as a geologist for a total of 13 years since my graduation. My relevant experience for
the purpose of the Technical Report is: |
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Mineral resource estimation and reporting
on numerous mining and exploration projects around the world. |
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Exploration
geologist on a variety of gold and base metal projects in Canada, Indonesia, Chile, and
Mongolia. |
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I have read the definition of qualified person set out in National Instrument 43-101
(NI43-101) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional
association (as defined in NI43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the
requirements to be a qualified person for the purposes of NI43-101. |
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I did not visit the property. |
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I am responsible for Section 17 of the Technical Report. |
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I am independent of the Issuer applying the test set out in Section 1.4 of National
Instrument 43-101. |
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I have had no prior involvement with the property that is the subject of the Technical
Report. |
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I have read National Instrument 43-101, and the Technical Report has been prepared in
compliance with National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1.
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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10. To the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, the Technical Report contains all
scientific and technical information that is required to be disclosed to make the technical report
not misleading.
Dated this 26th day of February, 2007
(Signed & Sealed)
David A. Ross, M.Sc., P.Geo
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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24 APPENDIX 1
VARIOGRAMS (USING SAGE 2001 SOFTWARE)
FIGURE 24-1 DOWNHOLE VARIOGRAM ARIZONA 1
FIGURE 24-2 DIRECTIONAL (090/00) VARIOGRAM ARIZONA 1
24-1
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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FIGURE 24-3 DIRECTIONAL (090/-45) VARIOGRAM ARIZONA 1
FIGURE 24-4 DIRECTIONAL (000/-65) VARIOGRAM ARIZONA 1
24-2
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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FIGURE 24-5 DIRECTIONAL (000/-90) VARIOGRAM ARIZONA 1
FIGURE 24-6 DOWNHOLE VARIOGRAM CANYON
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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FIGURE 24-7 DOWNHOLE VARIOGRAM PINENUT
FIGURE 24-8 DIRECTIONAL (090/00) VARIOGRAM PINENUT
24-4
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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FIGURE 24-9 DIRECTIONAL (000/-15) VARIOGRAM PINENUT
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Exhibit No. 2
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Suite 501 |
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55 University Avenue |
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P.O. Box 55 |
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Toronto, Ontario M5J 2H7 |
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Tel: (416) 947-0907 |
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Fax: (416) 947-0395 |
FILED BY SEDAR
March 28, 2007
British Columbia Securities Commission
Alberta Securities Commission
Saskatchewan Financial Services Commission
The Manitoba Securities Commission
Ontario Securities Commission
Autorité des marchés financiers
New Brunswick Securities Commission
Nova Scotia Securities Commission
Prince Edward Island Department of Provincial Affairs and Attorney General
Securities Division, Department of Justice Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
Dear Sirs/Mesdames:
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Re: |
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Denison Mines Corp. (the Company) Filing of Technical Report dated February 26, 2007 |
I, Thomas C. Pool, PE., consent to the public filing of the technical report titled Technical
Report on the Arizona Strip Uranium Project, Arizona, U.S.A. (the Technical Report) prepared by
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. for the Company.
I further confirm that I have read the written disclosure in the Companys news release titled
Denison Announces Inferred Mineral Resource Estimates on its Arizona Strip Properties dated March
20, 2007 and that it fairly and accurately represents the information in the Technical Report that
supports the disclosure.
This letter is provided to the securities regulatory authorities to whom it is addressed pursuant
to the requirements of applicable securities legislation and not for any other purpose.
Sincerely,
SCOTT WILSON ROSCOE POSTLE ASSOCIATES INC.
/s/ Thomas C. Pool
Thomas C. Pool, P.E.
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SCOTT WILSON RPA
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Exhibit No. 3
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Suite 501 |
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55 University Avenue |
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P.O. Box 55 |
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Toronto, Ontario M5J 2H7 |
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Tel: (416) 947-0907 |
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Fax: (416) 947-0395 |
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Email: david.ross@scottwilson.com |
FILED BY SEDAR
March 28, 2007
British Columbia Securities Commission
Alberta Securities Commission
Saskatchewan Financial Services Commission
The Manitoba Securities Commission
Ontario Securities Commission
Autorité des marchés financiers
New Brunswick Securities Commission
Nova Scotia Securities Commission
Prince Edward Island Department of Provincial Affairs and Attorney General
Securities Division, Department of Justice Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
Dear Sirs/Mesdames:
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Re: |
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Denison Mines Corp. (the Company) Filing of Technical Report dated February 26, 2007 |
I, David A. Ross, P.Geo., consent to the public filing of the technical report titled Technical
Report on the Arizona Strip Uranium Project, Arizona, U.S.A. (the Technical Report) prepared by
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. for the Company.
I further confirm that I have read the written disclosure in the Companys news release titled
Denison Announces Inferred Mineral Resource Estimates on its Arizona Strip Properties dated March
20, 2007 and that it fairly and accurately represents the information in the Technical Report that
supports the disclosure.
This letter is provided to the securities regulatory authorities to whom it is addressed pursuant
to the requirements of applicable securities legislation and not for any other purpose.
Sincerely,
David A. Ross, P.Geo.
Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc.