We are not satisfied with our underlying performance with continued declining sales and increasing losses in the quarter. Execution of our focused business strategy is gaining traction. However, in light of current market conditions, we are accelerating the planned actions to reduce costs.

Sales adjusted for comparable units and currency declined by -13%. Based on the development in the first half of the year, our current view of the Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment market outlook is in line with external estimates of a high single-digit percentage decline for the full year 2017.

Considering the current market environment, the company position, and the more focused business strategy, we continue to assess risk exposure in ongoing contracts. Depending on the outcome, we see an increased risk of further market and customer project adjustments, which would have a negative impact on results, estimated to SEK 3-5 b. for the coming 12 months, of which 30% is estimated to impact cash.

Due to technology and portfolio shifts we will reduce the capitalization of product platform, software release development expenses and hardware costs. Together this is estimated to result in a net negative impact on operating income of SEK -2.9 (1.3) b. in the second half of 2017, with no impact on cash. This is to be compared with SEK -0.3 (1.2) b. of total impact on operating income in the quarter.

One key component in our focused business strategy is to reduce costs and increase efficiency. In light of the current market outlook, we will accelerate our actions to ensure that we can meet our target of doubling the 2016 operating margin beyond 2018. Actions will be taken primarily in service delivery and common costs and do not include R&D. Our plan is to implement cost savings with an annual run rate effect of at least SEK 10 b. by mid-2018, of which approximately half will be related to common costs.

The decline in the Networks result in the quarter was mainly caused by lower software sales, driven by two key factors; unusually strong software sales in the second quarter last year and cautious mobile broadband investment levels. On the positive side, we were ranked number one in radio by a leading global operator.

Performance improvements in Networks will be generated through both the continued ramp-up of Ericsson Radio System (ERS) and cost reductions, mainly in service delivery. The ERS continues to prove its competitiveness and now represents 49% of radio unit deliveries in the quarter. During the quarter, we announced a break-through contract to support Vodafone UK to evolve its 4G network and to provide 5G radio technology. To safeguard a future leading portfolio, we have started to increase R&D investments in Networks with a total increase of SEK 0.2 b. in the quarter. In line with our more focused strategy, we signed an agreement in the quarter to divest the power modules business.

The work to refocus our Managed Services business to improve profitability is well underway. So far, we have identified 42 contracts, with sales of SEK 7 b. in 2016, which we will either exit, renegotiate or transform. To date, we have either exited, renegotiated or transformed nine of these contracts resulting in an annualized profit improvement of approximately SEK 140 million going forward.

IT & Cloud had another challenging quarter with significant losses. The sequential increase in losses is largely explained by lower capitalization of R&D expenses. Gross margin continued to be negatively impacted by large digital transformation projects.

Our IT & Cloud business is of strategic importance as our customers are preparing for 5G and will digitalize their operations and invest in a future network architecture based on software-defined logic. A key driver of performance in the business is the success of our new product portfolio, for which the rolling 12 month sales have grown 7%.

We are taking firm actions to improve performance in IT & Cloud, including stabilizing product roadmaps, addressing underperforming customer projects, improving new project delivery scoping and reducing costs, primarily in service delivery.

The operating income in our Media business improved sequentially as a result of increased sales, improved business mix and reduced costs. We continue the work to explore strategic opportunities for the Media business.

In this report, we have included a table on page 4 to track progress in the execution of our focused business strategy.

In light of current market environment and company performance, we are accelerating actions to reduce costs. Our focused business strategy is designed to take us back to technology and market leadership and improve company performance, also in a tough market. We see initial signs of traction in strategy execution including increased investments in R&D in Networks and ramp up of deliveries of Ericsson Radio System, increasing our competitiveness in the market.

Börje Ekholm

President and CEO

PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS GOING FORWARD

Market related    

Ericsson focused strategy related

Other Ericsson related

Net sales

Sales as reported decreased by -8% YoY. The mobile broadband market remained weak in the quarter. Networks sales, adjusted for comparable units and currency, declined by -14% YoY, driven mainly by lower sales in market areas Europe & Latin America and Middle East & Africa.

Sales in North America declined YoY mainly due to the earlier communicated rescoped managed services contract effective as from Q4 2016. Sales in North East Asia declined slightly YoY. Sales in Mainland China were negatively impacted by lower Networks sales, partly offset by increased IT & Cloud sales.

Networks sales in Japan and South Korea increased. Sales in market area South East Asia, Oceania and India were stable YoY with growth in Vietnam and Australia while investments in India continued to decline.

As anticipated, sequential sales growth was below normal seasonality, following continued low investments in mobile broadband. Sales increased by 8% QoQ. Sales in Q2 compared with Q1 sales, adjusted for items affecting comparability, increased 4%.

Total sales of Managed Services, as defined in 2016, including Broadcast Services, were SEK 6.3 (7.3) b. The decline mainly refers to the earlier communicated rescoped managed services contract in North America. The definition of Managed Services will be adjusted in 2018, at the latest, to mirror the new organization.

IPR licensing revenues

IPR licensing revenues declined YoY to SEK 2.0 (2.2) b. IPR licensing revenues were flat QoQ.

Gross margin

Gross margin declined to 27.9% (32.3%). Gross margin, excluding restructuring charges, declined to 29.8% (33.2%) with lower gross margin in all segments.

Gross margin increased sequentially to 27.9% from 13.9%. Gross margin adjusted for items affecting comparability in Q1 and excluding restructuring charges in Q2 declined slightly to 29.8% from 30.5%, mainly due to lower gross margin in Networks.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses increased to SEK 15.4 (14.5) b. Operating expenses, excluding restructuring charges, increased to SEK 14.8 (14.0) b. due to increased R&D expenses. R&D expenses, excluding restructuring charges, were SEK 8.0 (7.0) b. mainly due to less capitalized development expenses with a net impact of SEK -0.4 (0.7) b. Selling and administrative expenses, excluding restructuring charges, declined to SEK 6.8 (7.0) b. YoY, despite a negative currency effect.

Operating expenses declined sequentially to SEK 15.4 b. from SEK 18.9 b. Operating expenses, excluding restructuring charges and items affecting comparability in Q1 increased to SEK 14.8 b. from SEK 13.7 b., mainly due to seasonality and lower capitalization of development expenses.

The net effect on operating expenses of capitalized development expenses and related amortizations was SEK 0.2 b. in Q1 and SEK -0.4 b. in Q2.

Other operating income and expenses

Other operating income and expenses improved both YoY and QoQ. Several minor items contributed to the SEK 0.2 b. of other operating income and expenses in Q2 2017. The revaluation and realization effects of currency hedge contracts, impacting other operating income and expenses, were SEK 0.0 (-0.5) b.

As of Q1 2017, the funding of foreign exchange forecast hedging is managed through foreign exchange loans (USD) instead of foreign exchange derivatives. Therefore, as of Q1 2017, revaluation and realization effects of SEK 0.3 b. are included in financial expenses instead of in other operating income and expenses.

Restructuring charges

Restructuring charges were SEK -1.5 (-1.0) b. Restructuring charges were SEK -1.7 b. in Q1 2017. For full-year 2017, the restructuring charges are estimated to be in the higher end of the range SEK 6-8 b.

Operating income

Operating income decreased to SEK -1.2 (2.8) b. Operating income, excluding restructuring charges, declined to SEK 0.3

(3.8) b. due to lower gross margin, lower sales and increased operating expenses.

Operating income improved sequentially from SEK -12.3 b. Operating income, excluding restructuring charges and items affecting comparability in Q1 2017, decreased to SEK 0.3 b. from SEK 1.1 b. due to increased operating expenses.

Changes in treatment of cost going forward

Due to technology and portfolio shifts the company will reduce the capitalization of product platform, software release development expenses and hardware costs. This is estimated to result in a net negative impact on operating income of SEK -2.9 b. in the second half of 2017, with no impact on cash. The total impact on operating income in the quarter amounted to SEK -0.3 (1.2) b.

Financial net

Financial net improved both YoY and QoQ, mainly due to positive revaluation and realization effects of currency hedge contracts of SEK 0.3 b., and positive currency revaluation effects of SEK 0.2 b. The SEK strengthened against the USD between March 31, 2017 (SEK/USD rate 8.93) and June 30, 2017 (SEK/ USD rate 8.46). The hedge balance is in USD.

Taxes

Taxes were positive in the quarter following the negative income.

Net income and EPS

Net income and EPS diluted decreased YoY following the reduced operating income. EPS diluted was SEK -0.30 (0.48) and EPS (non-IFRS) was SEK 0.17 (0.83). Net income and EPS diluted improved QoQ following the improved operating income.

Employees

The number of employees on June 30, 2017 was 109,127 - a reduction of more than 7,000 employees in 12 months.

Focused strategy execution

The company has so far identified three indicators to measure the progress of strategy execution. KPIs for cost reduction will be added later.

In addition, the company announced in the quarter that it has signed an agreement to divest its power modules business.

South East Asia, Oceania and India

Sales were stable YoY. A negative impact from reduced Networks services sales was offset by mobile broadband growth in Vietnam and increased IT & Cloud sales, driven by the delivery of a core network project in Australia. Sales in India were still impacted by consolidations and tariff competition between operators.

North East Asia

Sales declined slightly YoY. Sales in Mainland China declined due to continued reduced investments by one customer, partly offset by increased IT & Cloud sales. Networks sales in Japan and South Korea increased.

North America

North America sales declined YoY, mainly due to the earlier communicated rescoped managed services contract. IT & Cloud sales declined due to fewer project milestones in the quarter. Mobile broadband infrastructure sales remained at a stable level. All major operators’ 5G trials are ongoing with good momentum.

Europe and Latin America

Sales declined YoY, reflecting capex constraints in Europe where 4G modernizations are largely completed. In addition, sales declined in Mexico and South America. The decline was partially offset by increased mobile broadband investments in Brazil and timing of deployments in Russia. In the quarter, a break-through contract was announced to support Vodafone UK to evolve its 4G network and to provide 5G radio technology.

Middle East and Africa

Sales declined YoY with some, still limited, signs of recovery in the macroeconomic environment. Challenges in capacity business continued, accompanied by decline in services domains.

Other

IPR licensing revenues amounted to SEK 2.0 (2.2) b.

Net sales

Sales as reported declined by -8% YoY. Sales adjusted for comparable units and currency decreased by -14% YoY. Investments in mobile broadband in certain markets remained low, impacting mainly product sales. The decline in network services sales YoY is due to lower managed services sales following the earlier communicated rescoped contract in North America.

The mobile broadband market remained weak in the second quarter. The sales decline YoY is primarily driven by market areas Europe and Latin America as well as Middle East and Africa.

Reported sales increased by 6% QoQ. Sales in Q2 compared with Q1 sales, adjusted for items affecting comparability, increased 2%. Sales in market areas North East Asia and South East Asia, Oceania and India declined QoQ with lower sales in Japan and Vietnam – two markets that reported strong sales in Q1 2017.

The Ericsson Radio System (ERS) continued to generate new business. The transition to the new ERS is tracking towards the target of accounting for 100% of total deliveries in 2018, with 49% YTD.

Gross margin

Gross margin declined YoY to 28% (31%) due to lower software sales with slightly lower IPR licensing revenues, increased restructuring charges and lower services margins. Improved hardware margins partly offset the decline. The lower services margins refer to a few managed services contracts with increased losses. These contracts are on the list of contracts that will be either exited, renegotiated, or transformed in order to improve the gross income. Gross margin, excluding restructuring charges, was 30% (32%).

Gross margin increased sequentially to 28% from 23% following provisions, adjustments and large restructuring charges made in Q1. Gross margin, adjusted for items affecting comparability in Q1 and excluding restructuring charges in Q2 declined to 30% from 31%. This was mainly due to lower software sales, partly offset by an improved hardware margin.

Operating income and margin

Operating income and margin decreased YoY, mainly due to lower sales, lower gross margin, increased restructuring charges and increased operating expenses. Improved other operating income and expenses had a positive impact on operating income. The YoY increase in operating expenses refers to increased R&D, mainly related to the already communicated focused business strategy. Selling and administrative expenses were flat YoY. Operating margin excluding restructuring charges was 10% (13%).

Operating income and margin increased sequentially. Operating margin, adjusted for items affecting comparability in Q1, and excluding restructuring charges in Q2, declined to 10% from 12%. The decline is due to seasonally higher operating expenses and lower gross margin. The decline was only partly offset by increased sales.

Net sales

Sales as reported declined by -5% YoY. Sales adjusted for comparable units and currency decreased by -10% YoY. Sales of legacy portfolio products, primarily in OSS & BSS, continued to decline and were not offset by growth in the new portfolio. Services sales declined following lower activity in large transformation projects.

Sales increased by 14% QoQ after a seasonally weak Q1. Sales in North East Asia grew 90% QoQ, driven by software licensing sales for telecom core in Mainland China. It is not unusual that such sales vary between quarters.

Gross margin

Gross margin decreased YoY primarily due to lower services and hardware margins. The services margin continues to be negatively impacted by ongoing large transformation projects and by IT managed services projects being in their initial transformation phase.

Gross income and margin increased QoQ. Q1 2017 included SEK -4.8 b. in restructuring charges, provisions and adjustments related to certain customer projects. Gross margin, excluding these items and excluding restructuring charges in Q1 and Q2, was stable QoQ.

Operating income and margin

Operating income decreased YoY mainly due to a lower gross margin. In addition, less capitalization and increased amortization of R&D platform development impacted operating expenses negatively. In Q2 2017, the net amount of capitalized and amortized R&D was SEK -0.2 b, compared with SEK 0.6 b. in Q2 2016 and SEK 0.3 b. in Q1 2017.

Operating income improved QoQ. Q1 2017 included SEK -6.8 b. in restructuring charges, write-down of assets as well as provisions and adjustments related to certain customer projects. Excluding these items, operating income declined to SEK -2.4 b. from SEK -2.2 b. The positive impact from increased sales was more than offset by the negative net effect of capitalized and amortized R&D.

Net sales

Sales as reported declined -6% YoY. Sales adjusted for comparable units and currency decreased by -11% YoY. The decline was primarily due to lower sales of legacy products. Sales of next-generation MediaFirst platform started in the quarter, as the product went live in commercial networks. The iconectiv business (number portability solutions) continued to show double-digit growth YoY.

Sales as reported increased by 13% QoQ, driven by growth in Media Solutions following a seasonally weak Q1.

Gross margin

Gross margin declined YoY partly due to increased restructuring charges. Gross margin excluding restructuring charges declined slightly YoY.

Gross margin increased QoQ, driven by a changed sales mix with a larger share of Media Solutions. In addition, efficiency improvements in service delivery contributed to improved gross margins QoQ.

Operating income and margin

Operating income decreased YoY partly due to lower sales and lower gross margin. In addition, lower capitalization and increased amortization of R&D platform development impacted operating expenses negatively. In Q2 2017, the net amount of capitalized and amortized R&D was SEK -0.1 0.1) b.

Operating income improved QoQ. Operating income in Q1 2017 included SEK -1.7 b. in additional asset write-downs related to the new focused business strategy announced March 28.

Operating activities

Cash flow from operating activities was SEK 0.0 b. in the quarter. A negative net income reconciled to cash was fully offset by a positive effect from changes in operating net assets. Cash flow from inventory was negative at SEK -1.1 b. in the quarter while customer finance decreased resulting in a cash flow effect of SEK 1.1 b. Trade receivables decreased resulting in a cash flow effect of SEK 0.5 b.

Cash outlays related to restructuring charges were SEK -1.1 (-0.6) b. in the quarter.

Investing activities

Cash flow from investing activities was negative at SEK -2.0 b. Investments in property, plant and equipment continued to decline YoY as investments in the Global ICT centers decreased. The cash flow effect from capitalized development expenses was significantly reduced and amounted to SEK -0.3 b. in the quarter.

Financing activities

Cash flow from financing activities was negatively impacted by repayment of one Euro bond of SEK 5.1 b. (EUR 0.5 b.) at maturity date. In addition, dividends of SEK 3.3 (12.1) b. were paid out.

Net cash was SEK 24.0 b. at the end of the quarter.

Net cash decreased by SEK -4.3 b. in the quarter, mainly as a result of payment of dividends and investments in property, plant and equipment. The net cash position was SEK 24.0 b.

Post-employment benefits were SEK 23.6 b., compared with SEK 23.8 b. on March 31, 2017.

The average maturity of long-term borrowings as of June 30, 2017, was 4.5 years, the same as 12 months earlier.

Debt maturity profile, Parent Company

Income after financial items was SEK 2.3 (13.2) b. The decrease was mainly due to lower recognized dividends from subsidiaries.

At the end of the quarter, gross cash: cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and interest-bearing securities non- current, amounted to SEK 41.1 b., compared with SEK 42.9 b. at the end of 2016.

In the quarter, a dividend of SEK 3.3 b. was paid out in the first week of April after decision by the Annual General Meeting on March 29.

In June, the Parent Company repaid bonds of EUR 500 million at maturity date. There has been an increase in intercompany lending of SEK 5.4 b. and intercompany borrowing of SEK 0.3 b. in the second quarter.

In accordance with the conditions of the long-term variable compensation program (LTV) for Ericsson employees, 3,193,142 shares from treasury stock were sold or distributed to employees during the second quarter. The holding of treasury stock on June 30, 2017, was 58,148,194 Class B shares.

Ericsson’s Nomination Committee appointed

On May 9, 2017, Ericsson announced that the Nomination Committee for the Annual General Meeting (AGM) 2018 had been appointed in accordance with the instruction for the Nomination Committee, resolved by the Annual General Meeting 2012. The Nomination Committee consists of: Petra Hedengran, Investor AB; Johan Held, Afa Försäkring, Leif Johansson, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Bengt Kjell, AB Industrivärden and Handelsbankens Pensionsstiftelse; and Anders Oscarsson, AMF Försäkring och Fonder. Petra Hedengran is the Chairman of the Nomination Committee.

Ericsson announced change in Executive Team

On May 11, 2017, Ericsson announced that Rima Qureshi had decided to leave Ericsson to pursue another opportunity in the industry. She would leave her role as Senior Vice President and Head of Market Area North America effective May 11, 2017. Niklas Heuveldop has been appointed acting Head of Market Area North America, effective May 11, 2017.

Erik Ekudden named Group CTO for Ericsson

On May 30, 2017, Ericsson announced that Erik Ekudden has been appointed as Group CTO and Head of Technology & Architecture, effective July 1, 2017. Ekudden will lead the company’s technology strategy with a focus on driving the evolution of the network as the platform to secure the success of Ericsson’s service provider customers.

Increase in total number of shares and votes in Telefon-aktiebolaget LM Ericsson

On May 31, 2017, Ericsson announced that the company’s share capital amounts to SEK 16,670,758,678 and the total number of shares is 3,334,151,735; of which 261,755,983 are Class A shares and 3,072,395,752 are Class B shares. The total number of votes is 568,995,558.2, of which Class A shares represent 261,755,983 votes and Class B shares represent 307,239,575.2 votes.

The increase in the number of shares and votes is a result of the company’s recent issue of 3,000,000 Class C shares, shares which have subsequently been repurchased by the company and converted into Class B shares, by virtue of a conversion clause in the articles of association. This is in accordance with the resolution by the Annual General Meeting 2017 to expand the treasury stock as part of the financing of Ericsson’s Long-Term Variable Compensation Program (LTV) 2017. The company held 58,382,336 shares as treasury stock on May 31.

Changes to Ericsson’s Nomination Committee

On June 1, 2017, Ericsson announced that Cevian Funds will be part of the Nomination Committee. The Nomination Committee now consists of: Petra Hedengran, Investor AB (Chairman); Bengt Kjell, AB Industrivärden and Handelsbankens Pensionss-tiftelse; Christer Gardell, Cevian Funds; Anders Oscarsson, AMF Försäkring och Fonder; Johan Held, Afa Försäkring; and Leif Johansson, the Chairman of the Board of Directors.

Patent infringement lawsuit

In 2012 and 2013, Intellectual Ventures (“IV”) filed patent infringement lawsuits in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware accusing a number of Ericsson’s U.S. customers of infringing 16 U.S. patents, seeking an injunction and monetary damages. The first of these cases is set to go to trial in January 2018. IV subsequently filed another wave of lawsuits in the District of Delaware accusing a number of Ericsson’s U.S. customers of infringing 12 U.S. patents, seeking monetary damages. The first of these cases, scheduled to go to trial in July 2017, has been cancelled.

Ericsson to divest its power modules business to Flex

On June 21, 2017, Ericsson announced that it has signed an agreement with multinational technology and Sketch-to-Scale™ solutions provider, Flex, to divest Ericsson Power Modules (EPM). The divestment is in line with Ericsson’s focused business strategy, presented on March 28, to strengthen its core business and portfolio areas (networks, digital services and IoT). The Ericsson Power Modules business, excluding the brand, will on closing be transferred to Flex as part of the agreement. This includes Shanghai Ericsson Electronics Corporation Ltd, a manufacturing site in China, and business assets in Sweden. More than 300 employees and consultants are expected to transfer from Ericsson to Flex Power.

POST-CLOSING EVENTS

The Chairman Leif Johansson informed that he will not make himself available for reelection

On July 5, 2017, Ericsson announced that the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Leif Johansson, has informed that he will not make himself available for reelection at the Annual General Meeting of shareholders in 2018. The Nomination Committee has initiated the search for a replacement.

Changes to Ericsson’s Nomination Committee

On July 14, 2017, Ericsson announced that Johan Forssell, Investor AB, will replace Petra Hedengran, Investor AB, as chairman of Ericssons Nomination Committee.

Ericsson’s operational and financial risk factors and uncertainties are described in our Annual Report 2016.

Risk factors and uncertainties in focus short term for the Parent Company and the Ericsson Group include, but are not limited to:

Ericsson stringently monitors the compliance with all relevant trade regulations and trade embargos applicable to dealings with customers operating in countries where there are trade restrictions or trade restrictions are discussed. Ericsson operates globally in accordance with Group policies and directives for business ethics and conduct and has a dedicated anti-corruption program. However, in some of the countries where the company operates, corruption risks can be high and compliance failure could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and brand.

This report has not been reviewed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson’s auditors.

Date for next report: October 20, 2017

Ericsson invites media, investors and analysts to conference calls on July 18, 2017; one starting at 09.00 (CET) and the other at 14.00 (CET).

Live audio webcasts of the conference calls as well as supporting slides will be available at:

www. ericsson.com/press and

www. ericsson.com/investors

Replay of the conference calls will be available approximately one hour after each call has ended and will remain available for seven days.

For further information, please contact:

Helena Norrman, Senior Vice President, Chief Marketing and Communications Officer

Phone: +46 10 719 34 72

E-mail: investor.relations@ericsson.com or media.relations@ericsson.com

Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson

Org. number: 556016-0680

Torshamnsgatan 21

SE-164 83 Stockholm

Phone: +46 10 719 00 00

www.ericsson.com

All statements made or incorporated by reference in this release, other than statements or characterizations of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by us. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by words such as “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “predicts”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “would”, “potential”, “continue”, and variations or negatives of these words, and include, among others, statements regarding: (i) strategies, outlook and growth prospects; (ii) positioning to deliver future plans and to realize potential for future growth; (iii) liquidity and capital resources and expenditure, and our credit ratings; (iv) growth in demand for our products and services; (v) our joint venture activities; (vi) economic outlook and industry trends; (vii) developments of our markets; (viii) the impact of regulatory initiatives; (ix) research and development expenditures; (x) the strength of our competitors; (xi) future cost savings and profitability; (xii) plans to launch new products and services; (xiii) assessments of risks; (xiv) integration of acquired businesses; (xv) compliance with rules and regulations and (xvi) infringements of intellectual property rights of others.

In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof and are based upon the information available to us at this time. Such information is subject to change, and we will not necessarily inform you of such changes. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, such as those factors described under the risk factor section. Important factors that may cause such a difference for Ericsson include, but are not limited to: (i) material adverse changes in the markets in which we operate or in global economic conditions; (ii) increased product and price competition; (iii) reductions in capital expenditure by network operators; (iv) the cost of technological innovation and increased expenditure to improve quality of service; (v) significant changes in market share for our principal products and services; (vi) foreign exchange rate or interest rate fluctuations; and (vii) the failure to successfully implement our business and operational initiatives