unincorporated entity that
does not elect to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, the separate existence of the QRS, limited liability company or other
unincorporated entity generally will be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Generally, a QRS is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the
stock of which is owned by a REIT. A foreign entity that does not elect to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and that is 100%
owned by a single member that does not have limited liability generally is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the QRS or disregarded entity will be treated as assets, liabilities,
and items of income, deduction, and credit of its owner. If we own a QRS or a disregarded entity, neither will be subject to federal corporate income
taxation, although such entities may be subject to state and local taxation in some states and foreign taxes if they do business or own property
outside of the United States.
Taxation of the Operating Partnership
Our operating partnership
currently is a disregarded entity because we own 100% of the interests in it, directly or through other disregarded entities. If we admit other limited
partners, our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for tax purposes, as described below.
Under the Code, a partnership
generally is not subject to federal income tax, but is required to file a partnership tax information return each year. In general, the character of
each partners share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and tax preference is determined at the partnership level. Each
partner is then allocated a distributive share of such items in accordance with the partnership agreement and is required to take such items into
account in determining the partners income. Each partner includes such amount in income for any taxable year of the partnership ending within or
with the taxable year of the partner, without regard to whether the partner has received or will receive any cash distributions from the partnership.
Cash distributions, if any, from a partnership to a partner generally are not taxable unless and to the extent they exceed the partners basis in
its partnership interest immediately before the distribution. Any amounts in excess of such tax basis will generally be treated as a sale of such
partners interest in the partnership.
If and when our operating
partnership becomes taxable as a partnership, rather than a disregarded entity, we generally will be treated for federal income tax purposes as
contributing our properties to the operating partnership at such time. If our properties are appreciated at such time, we could recognize a smaller
share of tax depreciation, and a larger share of tax gain on sale, from such properties subsequent to that deemed contribution, as compared to our
percentage interest in the operating partnership. This deemed contribution also could trigger tax gain in some circumstances, but we expect to
structure the admission of outside partners in a manner that should avoid any such gain.
As noted above, for purposes of
the REIT income and asset tests, we are treated as receiving or holding our proportionate share of our operating partnerships income and assets,
respectively. We control, and intend to continue to control, our operating partnership and intend to operate it consistently with the requirements for
our qualification as a REIT.
We may use our operating
partnership to acquire hotels in exchange for operating partnership units, in order to permit the sellers of such properties to defer recognition of
their tax gain. In such a transaction, our initial tax basis in the hotels acquired generally will be less than the purchase price of the hotels.
Although the rules of Section 704(c) of the Code would generally attempt to provide us as the non-contributing partner with the depreciation comparable
to what we would receive if the subsidiary partnership purchased the appreciated assets for cash, absent certain elections, which would accelerate gain
to the contributor, the depreciation would be limited to tax basis. Consequently, our depreciation deductions for such properties may be less, and our
tax gain on a sale of such properties may be more, than the deductions or gain, respectively, that we would have if we acquired these properties in
taxable transactions. In addition, we may issue equity compensation to employees in the form of interests in our operating partnership that provides
for capital gain treatment to the employees but does not generate a corresponding deduction for our operating partnership.
The discussion above assumes that
our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes once it is no longer treated as a disregarded
entity. Generally, a domestic unincorporated entity with two or more partners is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes unless it
affirmatively elects to be treated as a corporation. However, certain publicly traded partnerships are treated as corporations for federal
income tax purposes. Once our operating partnership is no longer a disregarded entity for federal income tax
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purposes, we intend to comply
with one or more exceptions from treatment as a corporation under the publicly traded partnership rules. Failure to qualify for such an exception would
prevent us from qualifying as a REIT.
Investments in Certain Debt Instruments
We may, from time to time,
opportunistically invest in non-performing or distressed debt secured by real estate assets with a view to subsequently taking control of the
properties. Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test applicable to REITs to the extent that
the obligation upon which such interest is paid is secured by a mortgage on real property. If we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage
loan that is secured by both real property and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds
the fair market value of the real property on the date that we committed to acquire, or agreed to modify in a manner that is treated as an acquisition
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the mortgage loan, then the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other
collateral, and our income from the loan will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to
the real property. For purposes of the preceding sentence, however, under IRS guidance we do not need to redetermine the fair market value of real
property in connection with a loan modification that is occasioned by a default or made at a time when we reasonably believe the modification to the
loan will substantially reduce a significant risk of default on the original loan. Even if a loan is not secured by real property, or is undersecured,
the income that it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test. To the extent that we derive interest income from a
mortgage loan where all or a portion of the amount of interest payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for purposes of the gross
income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales, and not the net income or profits, of the borrower. This limitation does not apply,
however, where the borrower leases substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants or subtenants, to the extent that the rental income
derived by the borrower would qualify as rents from real property had we earned the income directly.
In addition, if the outstanding
principal balance of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan at the time we commit to acquire, or agree to
modify in a manner that is treated as an acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the mortgage loan, then a portion of such loan may not be a
qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the 75% asset test applicable to REITs. However, under current law it is not clear how to determine what
portion of such a loan will be treated as a qualifying real estate asset. The IRS has stated that it will not challenge a REITs treatment of a
loan as being in part a real estate asset for purposes the 75% asset test if the REIT treats the loan as being a real estate asset in an amount that is
equal to the lesser of the fair market value of the real property securing the loan on the date we agreed to acquire the loan, as described in the
preceding paragraph, and the fair market value of the loan. In addition to being a nonqualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test, the
nonqualifying portion may be treated as a security for purposes of the 25% securities test, the 5% value test, and the 10% value test.
The application of the REIT
provisions of the Code to mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property
rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property, is not entirely clear. A safe harbor in IRS Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides that if a
mezzanine loan meets certain requirements then it will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and interest
income derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, to the extent that mezzanine
loans do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor set forth in Revenue Procedure 2003-65, such loans may not be real estate
assets and the interest income derived therefrom may not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, which could adversely affect
our REIT qualification if we acquired such loans. As such, the REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to acquire mortgage, mezzanine or
other loans that we might otherwise desire to acquire.
Investments in debt instruments
may require recognition of taxable income prior to receipt of cash from such investments and may cause portions of gain to be treated as ordinary
income. For example, we may purchase debt instruments at a discount from face value. To the extent we purchase any instruments at a discount in
connection with their original issuances, the discount will be original issue discount if it exceeds certain de minimis amounts, which must
be accrued on a constant yield method even though we may not receive the corresponding cash payment until maturity. To the extent debt instruments are
purchased by us at a discount after their original issuances, the discount may represent market discount. Unlike original issue discount,
market discount is not required to be included in income on a constant yield method. However, if we sell a debt instrument with market discount,
we
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will be required to treat
gain up to an amount equal to the market discount that has accrued while we held the debt instrument as ordinary income. Additionally, any principal
payments we receive in respect of our debt instruments must be treated as ordinary income to the extent of any accrued market discount. If we
ultimately collect less on a debt instrument than our purchase price and any original issue discount or accrued market discount that we have included
in income, there may be limitations on our ability to use any losses resulting from that debt instrument. We may acquire distressed debt instruments
that are subsequently modified by agreement with the borrower. Under applicable Treasury Regulations, such a modification may be treated as a taxable
event in which we exchange the old debt instrument for a new debt instrument, the value of which may be treated as equal to the face amount of the new
debt instrument. Because distressed debt instruments are often acquired at a substantial discount from face value, the difference between our amount
realized and our tax basis in the old note could be significant, resulting in significant income without any corresponding receipt of cash. Similarly,
if we acquire a distressed debt instrument and subsequently foreclose, we could have taxable income to the extent that the fair market value of the
property we receive exceeds our tax basis in the debt instrument. Such a scenario could also result in significant taxable income without any receipt
of cash. In the event that any debt instruments acquired by us are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or in the event payments
with respect to a particular debt instrument are not made when due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as
taxable income.
Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
We and each subsidiary intended
to qualify as a TRS have made (or will make, as applicable) a joint election for such subsidiary to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiary. A
domestic TRS (or a foreign TRS with income from a U.S. business) pays federal, state, and local income taxes at the full applicable corporate rates on
its taxable income prior to payment of any dividends. Thus, for example, Bloodstone TRS, Inc. generally will pay U.S. corporate tax on key money and
yield support when it is paid, notwithstanding the treatment of key money and yield support payments for accounting purposes. A TRS owning or leasing a
hotel outside of the U.S., such as DiamondRock Frenchmans Owner, Inc., may pay foreign taxes. The taxes owed by our TRSs could be substantial. To
the extent that our TRSs are required to pay federal, state, local, or foreign taxes, the cash available for distribution by us will be reduced
accordingly.
A TRS is permitted to engage in
certain kinds of activities that cannot be performed directly by us without jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT. A TRS is subject to limitations
on the deductibility of payments made to us which could materially increase its taxable income. Also, we will be subject to a 100% tax on the amounts
of any rents from real property, deductions, or excess interest received from a TRS that would be reduced through reapportionment under Section 482 of
the Code in order to more clearly reflect the income of the TRS. In particular, this 100% tax would apply to our share of any rent paid by a TRS lessee
that was determined to be in excess of a market rate rent.
As discussed above in
Qualification as a REIT Hotels, Bloodstone TRS, Inc., through our TRS lessees, leases qualified lodging facilities from our
operating partnership (or its affiliates) and a TRS may own hotels (such as DiamondRock Frenchmans Owner, Inc. that owns Frenchmans Reef
& Morning Star Marriott Beach Resort). However, a TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any hotel or provide rights to any brand
name under which any hotel is operated. Specifically, rents paid by a TRS lessee can qualify as rents from real property only so long as the property
is operated and managed on behalf of the TRS lessee by an eligible independent contractor, which is a person (or entity) that satisfies the
following requirements: (i) such person is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating qualified lodging
facilities for any person unrelated to us or the TRS lessee; (ii) such person does not own, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our stock; and
(iii) not more than 35% of such person is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning 35% or more of our stock. For purposes of
determining whether these ownership limits are satisfied, actual ownership as well as constructive ownership under the rules of Section 318 of the Code
(with certain modifications) is taken into account. For example, (a) interests owned by a partnership are also treated as owned proportionately by its
partners, (b) interests held by a partner with a 25% or greater share of partnership capital interests or profits interests are also treated as owned
by the partnership, (c) interests held by a 10% or greater stockholder are also treated as held by the corporation, and (d) interests held by a
corporation are also treated as held by a 10% or greater stockholder (in the proportion that such stockholders stock bears to all the stock of
the corporation). However, if any class of our stock or the stock of a person attempting to qualify as an eligible independent contractor
is
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regularly traded on an
established securities market, only persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of such class of stock shall be taken into account as owning
any of the stock of such class for purposes of applying the 35% limitation described in clause (iii) above. In addition, the IRS has ruled to the
effect that an advisor or similar fiduciary to a REIT cannot also qualify as an eligible independent contractor with respect to the
REIT.
Each TRS lessee (and any other of
our TRSs that owns an interest in our hotels) has hired (or will hire) a hotel management company that we believe qualifies as an eligible independent
contractor to manage and operate the hotels leased by (or owned through) the TRS. We believe that each such hotel management company has qualified, and
will continue to qualify, as an eligible independent contractor. In that regard, constructive ownership under Section 318 of the Code resulting, for
example, from relationships between a hotel management company and our other stockholders could impact such hotel management companys ability to
satisfy the applicable ownership limit. Because of the broad scope of the attribution rules of Section 318 of the Code, it is possible that not all
prohibited relationships will be identified and avoided. The existence of such a relationship would disqualify such hotel management company as an
eligible independent contractor, which would in turn disqualify us as a REIT. Our charter restricts ownership and transfer of our shares in a manner
intended to facilitate continuous qualification of our hotel management companies as eligible independent contractors, but no assurances can be given
that such transfer and ownership restrictions have ensured or will ensure that each of our hotel management companies, in fact, has been and will be
eligible independent contractors. As noted above, Goodwin Procter LLPs opinion as to REIT qualification is based upon our representations and
covenants as to the absence of such relationships. A hotel management companys failure to qualify as an eligible independent contractor may not
give us the right to terminate our management agreement with such hotel management company.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders Holding Common
Stock
The term U.S.
stockholder means an investor that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation
or other entity treated as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any of its states or the District of
Columbia, (iii) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, (a) if a court
within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority
to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) that has a valid election in effect under the applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as
a U.S. person under the Code. In addition, as used herein, the term U.S. stockholder does not include any entity that is subject to special treatment
under the Code. The discussion below assumes that you will hold our common stock as a capital asset. We do not address the federal income tax
consequences that may be relevant to stockholders subject to special treatment under the Code, including, without limitation, insurance companies,
regulated investment companies, financial institutions, broker-dealers, tax-exempt or non-U.S. investors (except as specifically discussed below),
foreign governments, stockholders that hold our stock as a hedge, part of a straddle, conversion transaction, or other arrangement involving more than
one position, or through a partnership or other pass-through entity, or U.S. expatriates.
Distributions by us, other than
capital gain dividends, will constitute ordinary dividends to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. In general, these dividends will be taxable as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received
deduction for corporate stockholders. Our ordinary dividends generally will not qualify as qualified dividend income taxed as net capital
gain for U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts, or estates. However, dividends to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts, or estates
generally will constitute qualified dividend income taxed as net capital gains if the U.S. stockholder satisfies certain holding period requirements,
we designate the dividends as qualified dividend income and the dividends are attributable to (i) qualified dividend income we receive from other
corporations, such as Bloodstone TRS, Inc. and potentially certain other taxable REIT subsidiaries, during the taxable year, or (ii) our undistributed
earnings or built-in gains taxed at the corporate level during the preceding taxable year. The preferential treatment of qualified dividend income is
applicable for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2012, unless extended by Congress. We do not anticipate distributing a significant
amount of qualified dividend income.
To the extent that we make a
distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (a return of capital distribution), the distribution will be
treated first as a tax-free return of capital, reducing the tax basis in a U.S. stockholders shares. To the extent a return of capital
distribution exceeds a U.S. stockholders tax basis in its shares, the distribution will be taxable as capital gain realized from the sale of such
shares.
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Dividends declared by us in
October, November or December and payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month shall be treated both as paid by us and as
received by the stockholder on December 31 of the year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by us during January of the following calendar
year.
We will be treated as having
sufficient earnings and profits to treat as a dividend any distribution up to the amount required to be distributed in order to avoid imposition of the
4% excise tax generally applicable to REITs if certain distribution requirements are not met. Moreover, any deficiency dividend will be treated as an
ordinary or a capital gain dividend, as the case may be, regardless of our earnings and profits at the time the distribution is actually made. As a
result, stockholders may be required to treat certain distributions as taxable dividends that would otherwise result in a tax-free return of
capital.
Capital Gain Dividends
Distributions that are properly
designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the
taxable year) without regard to the period for which the stockholder has held its shares. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up
to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. In addition, U.S. stockholders may be required to treat a portion of any capital gain
dividend as unrecaptured Section 1250 gain, taxable at a maximum rate of 25%, if we incur such gain. Capital gain dividends are not
eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.
The REIT provisions do not
require us to distribute our long-term capital gain, and we may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gains received during
the taxable year. If we so elect for a taxable year, our stockholders would include in income as long-term capital gains their proportionate share of
such portion of our undistributed long-term capital gains for the taxable year as we may designate. A U.S. stockholder would be deemed to have paid its
share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gains, which would be credited or refunded to the stockholder. The U.S. stockholders
basis in its shares would be increased by the amount of undistributed long-term capital gains (less the capital gains tax paid by us) included in the
U.S. stockholders long-term capital gains.
Passive Activity Loss and Investment Interest
Limitations; No Pass Through of Losses
Our distributions and gain from
the disposition of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income and, therefore, U.S. stockholders will not be able to apply any
passive losses against such income. With respect to non-corporate U.S. stockholders, our distributions (to the extent they do not
constitute a return of capital) that are taxed at ordinary income rates will generally be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment
interest limitation; however, net capital gain from the disposition of our shares (or distributions treated as such), capital gain dividends, and
dividends taxed at net capital gains rates generally will be excluded from investment income except to the extent the U.S. stockholder elects to treat
such amounts as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. U.S. stockholders may not include on their own federal income tax returns any of our
tax losses.
Sale or Disposition of
Shares
In general, any gain or loss
realized upon a taxable disposition of shares of our common stock by a stockholder that is not a dealer in securities will be a long-term capital gain
or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and otherwise will be a short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss upon a sale or
exchange of the shares by a stockholder who has held such stock for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as
a long-term capital loss to the extent of our distributions or undistributed capital gains required to be treated by such stockholder as long-term
capital gain. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares may be disallowed if other shares are purchased within 30 days
before or after the disposition.
Medicare Tax on Unearned
Income
For taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2012, a U.S. stockholder that is an individual is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) his or her net investment income
for the relevant taxable year or (2) the excess of his or her modified gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (between $125,000 and
$250,000 depending on the individuals U.S. federal income tax filing status). A similar regime applies to certain estates and trusts. Net
investment income generally would include dividends on our stock and gain from the sale of our stock.
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If you are a U.S. stockholder
that is an individual, an estate or a trust, you are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of this tax to your income and
gains in respect of your investment in our common stock.
Unrelated Business Taxable Income
In general, a tax-exempt
organization is exempt from U.S. federal income tax on its income, except to the extent of its unrelated business taxable income or UBTI,
which is defined by the Code as the gross income derived from any trade or business which is regularly carried on by a tax-exempt entity and unrelated
to its exempt purposes, less any directly connected deductions and subject to certain modifications. For this purpose, the Code generally excludes from
UBTI any gain or loss from the sale or other disposition of property (other than stock in trade or property held primarily for sale in the ordinary
course of a trade or business), dividends, interest, rents from real property, and certain other items. However, a portion of any such gains,
dividends, interest, rents, and other items generally is UBTI to the extent derived from debt-financed property, based on the amount of
acquisition indebtedness with respect to such debt-financed property. Before making an investment in shares of our common stock, a
tax-exempt stockholder should consult its own tax advisors with regard to UBTI and the suitability of the investment in our
shares.
Distributions we make to a
tax-exempt employee pension trust or other domestic tax-exempt stockholder or gains from the disposition of our shares held as capital assets generally
will not constitute UBTI unless the exempt organizations shares are debt-financed property (e.g., the stockholder has borrowed to acquire or
carry its shares). This general rule may not apply, however, to distributions to certain pension trusts that are qualified trusts (as defined below)
and that hold more than 10% (by value) of our shares. For these purposes, a qualified trust is defined as any trust described in Section 401(a) of the
Code and exempt from tax under Section 501(a) of the Code. If we are treated as a pension-held REIT, such qualified trusts will be required
to treat a percentage of their dividends received from us as UBTI if we incur UBTI. We will be treated as a pension-held REIT if (i) we would fail the
requirement that, during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by or for
five or fewer individuals (the 5/50 Test) if qualified trusts were treated as individuals for purposes of the 5/50 Test and
(ii) we are predominantly held by qualified trusts. Stock ownership for purposes of the 5/50 Test is determined by applying the
constructive ownership provisions of Section 544(a) of the Code, subject to certain modifications. The term individual for purposes of the
5/50 Test includes a private foundation, a trust providing for the payment of supplemental unemployment compensation benefits, and a portion of a trust
permanently set aside or to be used exclusively for charitable purposes. A qualified trust described in Section 401(a) of the Code and exempt from tax
under Section 501(a) of the Code generally is not treated as an individual; rather, shares held by it are treated as owned proportionately by its
beneficiaries. We will be predominantly held by qualified trusts if either (i) a single qualified trust holds more than 25% by value of our
stock or (ii) one or more qualified trusts, each owning more than 10% by value of our stock, hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of our
stock.
In the event we are a
pension-held REIT, a qualified trust owning 10% or more of our shares should expect to recognize UBTI as a result of its investment, and we cannot
assure you that we will never be treated as a pension-held REIT. The percentage of any dividend received from us treated as UBTI would be equal to the
ratio of (a) the gross UBTI (less certain associated expenses) earned by us (treating us as if we were a qualified trust and, therefore, subject to tax
on UBTI) to (b) our total gross income (less certain associated expenses). A de minimis exception applies where the ratio set forth in the
preceding sentence is less than 5% for any year; in that case, no dividends are treated as UBTI. Our gross UBTI for these purposes would include the
rent we receive from Bloodstone TRS, Inc. and, therefore, could be substantial.
Special Issues
Social clubs, voluntary employee
benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under paragraphs
(7), (9), (17), and (20), respectively, of Section 501(c) of the Code are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to
characterize distributions from us as UBTI.
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Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Tax
We will report to our U.S.
stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions paid during each calendar year, and the amount of tax withheld, if any. Under the backup
withholding rules, a U.S. stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the current rate of 28% with respect to distributions paid, unless such
stockholder (i) is a corporation or other exempt entity and, when required, proves its status or (ii) certifies under penalties of perjury that the
taxpayer identification number the stockholder has furnished to us is correct and the stockholder is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise
complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer
identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the
stockholders income tax liability.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders Holding Common
Stock
The rules governing U.S. federal
income taxation of beneficial owners of our common stock who are not U.S. stockholders or entities treated as partnerships for federal income tax
purposes, such as nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, and foreign trusts and estates (non-U.S. stockholders), are complex.
This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge prospective non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact
of federal, state, local and foreign income tax laws on their ownership of our common stock, including any reporting
requirements.
Distributions
A non-U.S. stockholder that
receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of United States real property interests (as defined
below) and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain generally will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we
pay the distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution
ordinarily will apply unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. Under some treaties, lower withholding rates do not apply to
dividends from REITs. However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or
business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates (in the same manner as U.S.
stockholders are taxed on distributions) and also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a corporate non-U.S. stockholder. We plan
to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder that is neither a capital gain
dividend nor a distribution that is attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of United States real property interests unless either
(i) a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder files with us any required IRS Form W-8 (for example, an IRS Form W-8BEN) evidencing
eligibility for that reduced rate or (ii) the non-U.S. stockholder files with us an IRS Form W-8ECI claiming that the distribution is effectively
connected income.
A non-U.S. stockholder generally
will not incur tax on a return of capital distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits that is not attributable to the
gain from our disposition of a United States real property interest if the excess portion of the distribution does not exceed the adjusted
basis of the non-U.S. stockholders common stock. Instead, the excess portion of the distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of that common
stock. However, a non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on such a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits
and the non-U.S. stockholders adjusted basis in the common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the
sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether the
distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at
the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may file a U.S. federal income tax return and obtain a refund from
the IRS of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and
profits.
We may be required to withhold
10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on
the entire amount of any distribution that is neither attributable to the gain from our disposition of a United States real property
interest nor designated by us as a capital gain dividend, to the extent that we do not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of
a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless we conclude that an exemption applies.
Subject to the exception
discussed below for 5% or smaller holders of classes of stock that are regularly-traded
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on an established securities
market located in the United States, a non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of
United States real property interests under special provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. The
term United States real property interests includes interests in U.S. real property and shares in U.S. corporations at least 50% of whose
assets consist of interests in U.S. real property. Under those rules, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales
of United States real property interests as if the gain were effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or
business. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject
to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A corporate non-U.S.
stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. We generally must
withhold 35% of any distribution subject to these rules that we could designate as a capital gain distribution (35% FIRPTA Withholding). A
non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold.
A non-U.S. stockholder that owns
no more than 5% of our common stock at all times during the one-year period ending on the date of a distribution will not be subject to 35% FIRPTA
Withholding with respect to such distribution that is attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of United States real property interests, provided
that our common stock continues to be regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States. Instead, any such
distributions made to such non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the general withholding rules discussed above, which generally impose a withholding
tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of each distribution (unless reduced by treaty).
Dispositions
If the gain on the sale of our
common stock were taxed under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed on that gain in the same manner as U.S. stockholders with respect to that
gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax, and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. A non-U.S.
stockholder generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA on a sale or other disposition of our stock if we are a domestically controlled qualified
investment entity, which means that, during the five-year period ending on the date of the distribution or disposition, non-U.S. stockholders
held, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our shares and we qualified as a REIT. We cannot assure you that we are or will be in the
future a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. Alternatively, the gain from a sale of our common stock by a non-U.S. stockholder will
not be subject to tax under FIRPTA if (i) our common stock is considered regularly traded under applicable Treasury Regulations on an established
securities market, such as the New York Stock Exchange, and (ii) the non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common
stock at all times during a specified testing period. Since the completion of our initial public offering, we believe our common stock has been
regularly traded on an established securities market. Accordingly, a non-U.S. stockholder should not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain on a
sale of our common stock unless it owns, or has owned during the applicable testing period, actually or constructively, more than 5% of our common
stock provided that our common stock continues to be regularly traded on an established securities market.
In addition, even if we are a
domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon a disposition of our common stock, a non-U.S. stockholder may be treated as having gain from
the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest if the non-U.S. stockholder (i) disposes of an interest in our common stock during the
30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the
sale or exchange of a United States real property interest and (ii) directly or indirectly acquires, enters into a contract or option to acquire, or is
deemed to acquire, other shares of our common stock within 30 days before or after such ex-dividend date. The foregoing rule does not apply if the
exception described above for dispositions by 5% or smaller holders of regularly traded classes of stock is satisfied.
Furthermore, a non-U.S.
stockholder generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (i) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders U.S.
trade or business and, if certain treaties apply, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder, in which
case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain, or (ii) the non-U.S. stockholder is
a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the
United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will generally incur a 30% tax on his or her net U.S. source capital gains.
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Purchasers of our stock from a
non-U.S. stockholder generally will be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 10% of the purchase price unless at the time of purchase (i) any class
of our stock is regularly traded on an established securities market (subject to certain limits if the shares sold are not themselves part of such a
regularly traded class) or (ii) we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. The non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its
tax liability for the amount withheld.
Additional U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding
Rules
Additional U.S. federal income
tax withholding rules are expected to apply to certain payments made to foreign financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities beginning in
2014. According to IRS guidance, in general, a withholding tax of 30% would apply to dividends paid after December 31, 2013 and to the gross proceeds
of a disposition of our stock paid after December 31, 2014 to certain foreign entities unless various information reporting requirements are satisfied.
For these purposes, a foreign financial institution generally is defined as any non-U.S. entity that (i) accepts deposits in the ordinary course of a
banking or similar business, (ii) as a substantial portion of its business, holds financial assets for the account of others, or (iii) is engaged or
holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities, partnership interests, commodities, or
any interest in such assets. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of these rules with respect
to their investment in our common stock, as well as the status of any related federal regulations.
Sunset of Reduced Tax Rate Provisions
Several of the tax considerations
described herein are subject to a sunset provision. The sunset provisions generally provide that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012,
certain provisions that are currently in the Code will revert back to a prior version of those provisions. These provisions include provisions related
to the reduced maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for long-term capital gains of 15% (rather than 20%) for taxpayers taxed at individual rates, the
application of the 15% U.S. federal income tax rate for qualified dividend income, and certain other tax rate provisions described herein. The impact
of these reversions generally is not discussed herein. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of sunset
provisions on an investment in our common stock.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting
REITs
The rules dealing with U.S.
federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. No
assurance can be given as to whether, when, or in what form, the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to us and our stockholders may be enacted.
Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations of federal tax laws could adversely affect an investment in our common stock.
State, Local, and Foreign Tax
We may be subject to state, local
and foreign tax in states, localities and foreign countries in which we do business or own property. The tax treatment applicable to us and our
stockholders in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above.
Prospective investors
should consult the applicable prospectus supplement, as well as their own tax advisers, regarding the federal, state, local, and other tax consequences
of investing in the securities offered by the applicable prospectus supplement.
SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS
Information about selling
security holders of DiamondRock Hospitality Company, where applicable, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment, or
in filings we make with the SEC which are incorporated into this prospectus by reference.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We or any selling security holder
may sell the securities offered by this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions, including without limitation:
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to or through underwriters or dealers; |
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to investors through agents; |
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in at the market offerings, within the meaning of
Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise; |
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through a combination of any of these methods; or |
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through any other method permitted by applicable law and
described in a prospectus supplement. |
In addition, we may issue the
securities as a dividend or distribution to our existing stockholders or other security holders. The prospectus supplement with respect to any offering
of securities will include the following information:
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the terms of the offering; |
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the names of any underwriters or agents; |
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the name or names of any managing underwriter or
underwriters; |
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the purchase price or initial public offering price of the
securities; |
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the net proceeds from the sale of the securities; |
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any delayed delivery arrangements; |
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any underwriting discounts, commissions and other items
constituting underwriters compensation; |
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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to
dealers; |
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any commissions paid to agents; and |
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any securities exchange on which the securities may be
listed. |
Any initial public offering
price, discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
The distribution of the offered
securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions:
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at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
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at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
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at prices related to prevailing market prices; or |
Sale through Underwriters or Dealers
If underwriters are used in the
sale, the underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public
offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting
syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless we inform you otherwise in
the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the
underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time
any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
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The applicable prospectus
supplement relating to the securities will describe the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the purchase price of the
securities.
In connection with the sale of
the securities, underwriters may receive compensation from us, any security holder or from purchasers of the securities, for whom they may act as
agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and these dealers may receive
compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as
agents, which is not expected to exceed that customary in the types of transactions involved. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the
distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us or any security holder, and any
profit on the resale of the securities they realize may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions, under the Securities Act. The
prospectus supplement will identify any underwriter or agent and will describe any compensation they receive from us or any security
holder.
Underwriters could make sales in
privately negotiated transactions and/or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an at-the-market offering, sales
made directly on the NYSE, the existing trading market for our shares of common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an
exchange. The name of any such underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of our shares of common stock, the amounts underwritten, and the
nature of its obligations to take our shares of common stock will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless otherwise specified in the
prospectus supplement, each series of the securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our shares of common stock,
which are currently listed on the NYSE. We currently intend to list any shares of common stock sold pursuant to this prospectus on the NYSE. We may
elect to list any series of shares of preferred stock on an exchange, but are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may
make a market in a series of the securities, but underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without
notice. Therefore, we can give no assurance about the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.
Under agreements we or any
security holder may enter into, we or any security holder may indemnify underwriters, dealers, and agents who participate in the distribution of the
securities against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute with respect to payments that the underwriters,
dealers or agents may be required to make.
In compliance with the guidelines
of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA), the maximum aggregate discounts, commissions, agency fees or other items
constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the aggregate offering
price of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
To facilitate the offering of
securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the price of the
securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more
securities than we or any security holder sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by
making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the
price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to
dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The
effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in
the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time. From time to time, we or any security holder may engage in transactions with these
underwriters, dealers, and agents in the ordinary course of business. If indicated in the prospectus supplement, we or any security holder may
authorize underwriters or other persons acting as agents of us or any security holder to solicit offers by institutions to purchase securities from us
or any security holder pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which we may make these delayed
delivery contracts include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable
institutions and others. The obligations of any purchaser under any such delayed delivery contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase
of the securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which
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the purchaser is subject. The
underwriters and other agents will not have any responsibility with regard to the validity or performance of these delayed delivery
contracts.
Direct Sales and Sales through Agents
We or any security holder may
sell the securities directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We or any security holder may also sell the securities through
agents designated by us or the security holder from time to time. In the applicable prospectus supplement, we will name any agent involved in the offer
or sale of the offered securities, and we will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless we inform you otherwise in the applicable
prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.
We or any security holder may
sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with
respect to any sale of those securities. We will describe the terms of any sales of these securities in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Remarketing Arrangements
Securities may also be offered
and sold, if so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a
redemption or repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as
agents for us. Any remarketing firm will be identified and the terms of its agreements, if any, with us and its compensation will be described in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Delayed Delivery Contracts
If we so indicate in the
applicable prospectus supplement, we or any security holder may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of
institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment
and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.
General Information
We or any security holder may
have agreements with the underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms to indemnify them against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments that the underwriters, dealers, agents or remarketing firms may be required to
make. Underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary
course of their businesses.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities
offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Goodwin Procter LLP. Goodwin Procter LLP has also issued an opinion to us regarding certain
tax matters described under Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. If the validity of any securities is also passed upon by
counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents of an offering of those securities, that counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial
statements and schedule of DiamondRock Hospitality Company as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2011, and managements assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 have been
incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting
firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and
special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SECs public
reference room at 100 F Street, N.E. Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the public
reference room. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants
that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. You can inspect reports and other information we file at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad
Street, New York, NY 10005. In addition, we maintain a website that contains information about us at www.drhc.com. The information found on, or
otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or documents we
file with or furnish to the SEC.
We have filed with the SEC a
shelf registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act relating to the securities that may be offered by this prospectus. This
prospectus is a part of that registration statement, but does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. We have omitted parts
of the registration statement in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For more detail about us and any securities that may be offered
by this prospectus, you may examine the registration statement on Form S-3 and the exhibits filed with it at the locations listed in the previous
paragraph. Please be aware that statements in this prospectus referring to a contract or other document are summaries and you should refer to the
exhibits that are part of the registration statement for a copy of the contract or document.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY
REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to
incorporate by reference in this prospectus certain information we file with the SEC, which means that we may disclose important
information in this prospectus by referring you to the document that contains the information. The information incorporated by reference is considered
to be a part of this prospectus, and the information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below that we filed with the SEC:
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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2011 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2012; |
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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
23, 2012 filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012; |
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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 15,
2012 filed with the SEC on July 25, 2012; |
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the information specifically incorporated by reference into our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 16,
2012; |
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our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2012, Items
2.01 and 9.01 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 26, 2012, Item 2.03 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 12, 2012, our
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 9, 2012 and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2012; |
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The description of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share,
contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on May 25, 2005, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such
description (file number 001-32514); and |
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all documents filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Section
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act from the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the
underlying securities; provided, however, that we are not incorporating by reference any additional documents or information furnished and not filed
with the SEC. |
You may request a copy of these
documents, and any exhibits we have specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this prospectus, at no cost by writing us at the following
address or calling us at the telephone number listed below or via the Internet at the website listed below:
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DiamondRock Hospitality Company
3 Bethesda Metro Center,
Suite 1500
Attention: Investor Relations
(240) 744-1150
Internet Website: www.dhrc.com
Readers should rely on the
information provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in the applicable supplement to this prospectus. Readers should not assume that
the information in this prospectus and the applicable supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of the
document.
The information contained on our
website does not constitute a part of this prospectus, and our website address supplied above is intended to be an inactive textual reference only and
not an active hyperlink.
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Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Depositary Shares
Warrants