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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 00-30747
PACWEST BANCORP
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
33-0885320 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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401 West "A" Street San Diego, California (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
92101-7917 (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (619) 233-5588
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
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Common stock, $.01 par value per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer ý | Non-Accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Act.) Yes o No ý
As of June 30, 2009, the aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the average high and low sales prices on The Nasdaq Global Select Market as of the close of business on June 30, 2009, was approximately $315.6 million. Registrant does not have any nonvoting common equities.
As of March 5, 2010, there were 35,306,235 shares of registrant's common stock outstanding, excluding 1,425,740 shares of unvested restricted stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K will be found in the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and such information is incorporated herein by this reference.
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PacWest Bancorp is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Our principal business is to serve as the holding company for our banking subsidiary, Pacific Western Bank, which we refer to as Pacific Western or the Bank. When we say "we", "our" or the "Company", we mean the Company on a consolidated basis with the Bank. When we refer to "PacWest" or to the holding company, we are referring to the parent company on a stand-alone basis.
PacWest Bancorp was formerly known as First Community Bancorp. At a special meeting of the Company's shareholders held on April 23, 2008, the shareholders approved the reincorporation of the Company in Delaware from California and the change of the Company's name to PacWest Bancorp from First Community Bancorp. The reincorporation became effective on May 14, 2008. In connection with the reincorporation and name change, the Company also changed its ticker symbol on the NASDAQ Global Select Market to "PACW." Other than the name change, change in ticker symbol and change in corporate domicile, the reincorporation did not result in any change in the business, physical location, management, assets, liabilities or total stockholders' equity of the Company, nor did it result in any change in location of the Company's employees, including the Company's management. Additionally, the reincorporation did not alter any shareholder's percentage ownership interest or number of shares owned in the Company. The stockholders' equity section of the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been restated retroactively to give effect to the reincorporation. Such reclassification had no effect on the results of operations or the total amount of stockholders' equity.
On March 1, 2010, holders of the Series A warrants issued in August 2009 exercised them. We issued 1,348,040 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $26.6 million after expenses.
In February 2010, we sold 61 non-covered adversely classified loans totaling $323.6 million to an institutional buyer for $200.6 million in cash. The difference between the amount of the loans sold and the cash selling price of $123.0 million was charged to the allowance for loan losses at the time of the sale. Such charge-off was offset by $51.6 million in allowance previously allocated to the loans sold at December 31, 2009. The sale was on a servicing-released basis and without recourse to Pacific Western Bank. All loans sold were Pacific Western Bank loans and none were covered loans acquired in the Affinity Bank acquisition. The loans sold included $110.5 million in nonaccrual loans and $105.1 million in restructured loans as of December 31, 2009. The loan sale was intended to reduce non-covered loan concentrations and improve credit quality measures.
On December 22, 2009, PacWest Bancorp filed a registration statement with the SEC to offer to sell, from time to time, shares of common stock, preferred stock, and other equity-linked securities, for an aggregate initial offering price of up to $350 million. The registration statement was declared effective on January 8, 2010. Proceeds from the offering are anticipated to be used to fund future acquisitions of banks and financial institutions and for general corporate purposes. To date, no shares have been offered under this registration statement.
On August 28, 2009, Pacific Western acquired substantially all of the assets of Affinity Bank ("Affinity"), including all loans, and assumed substantially all of its liabilities, including the insured and uninsured deposits and excluding certain brokered deposits from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") in an FDIC-assisted transaction, which we refer to as the Affinity acquisition.
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Pursuant to the terms of a purchase and assumption agreement and based on the closing with the FDIC as of August 28, 2009, Pacific Western (a) acquired $675.6 million in loans, $22.9 million in foreclosed assets, $175.4 million in investments and $371.5 million in cash and other assets, and (b) assumed $868.2 million in deposits, $305.8 million in borrowings, and $32.6 million in other liabilities. In connection with the Affinity acquisition, the FDIC made a cash payment to Pacific Western of $87.2 million. We entered into a loss sharing agreement with the FDIC, whereby the FDIC will cover a substantial portion of any future losses on loans, other real estate owned and certain investment securities. We refer to the acquired assets subject to the loss sharing agreement collectively as "covered assets." Under the terms of such loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the first $234 million of losses on covered assets and absorb 95% of losses and receive 95% of loss recoveries on covered assets exceeding $234 million. The loss sharing agreement is in effect for 5 years for commercial assets (non-residential loans, OREO and certain securities) and 10 years for residential loans from the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. The loss recovery provisions are in effect for 8 years for commercial assets and 10 years for residential loans from the acquisition date. When we refer to non-covered assets we are referring to assets owned by the Company or the Bank not covered by the FDIC loss sharing agreement. Non-covered assets of the Company and the Bank may also be referred to as legacy assets.
On August 25, 2009, PacWest Bancorp sold in a direct placement to institutional investors 2.7 million shares of common stock for $50 million, or a per share price of $18.36 which was the closing price of PacWest's common stock on Monday August 24, 2009. In addition to the issuance of the common shares, PacWest issued to each investor two warrants exercisable for common shares worth up to an additional $54 million in the aggregate with an exercise price of $20.20 per share, or 110% of the price per share at which the initial $50 million was sold. The Series A warrants had a six month term and expired on March 1, 2010. Holders of the Series A warrants exercised them on March 1, 2010 for a total of $27.2 million and we issued 1,348,040 shares of common stock. The net proceeds from the warrant exercises are approximately $26.6 million after expenses. An additional 1,361,657 Series B warrants issued in August 2009 with a strike price of $20.20 remain outstanding, of which 1,348,040 expire on August 27, 2010 and 13,617 expire on August 30, 2010. The common shares were sold and the warrants were issued under our $150 million shelf registration statement, which became effective in June 2009.
On June 16, 2009, we filed a registration statement with the SEC to offer to sell, from time to time, shares of common stock, preferred stock, and other equity-linked securities, for an aggregate initial offering price of up to $150 million. This registration statement was declared effective on June 30, 2009. Proceeds from the offering are anticipated to be used to fund future acquisitions of bank and financial institutions and for general corporate purposes. Upon the effectiveness declaration of our $350 million shelf registration statement on January 8, 2010, our ability to sell securities under the $150 million shelf registration statement was terminated.
On January 14, 2009, we issued in a private placement to CapGen Capital Group II LP 3,846,153 common shares at $26.00 per share for total cash consideration of approximately $100 million.
Pacific Western is a full-service commercial bank offering a broad range of banking products and services including: accepting time and demand deposits; originating loans, including commercial, real estate construction, SBA guaranteed, consumer, and international loans; and providing other business-oriented products. We have 68 full-service community banking branches. Our operations are primarily located in Southern California and the Bank focuses on conducting business with small to medium size businesses and the owners and employees of those businesses. We extend credit to customers located primarily in counties we serve, and through certain programs we also extend credit and make commercial and real estate loans to businesses located in Mexico. We also provide asset-based lending
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and factoring of accounts receivable to small businesses located throughout Arizona, California, the Pacific Northwest and Texas through BFI Business Finance, or BFI, based in San Jose, California and First Community Financial, or FCF, based in Phoenix, Arizona. Special services, including international banking services, multi-state deposit services and investment services, or requests beyond the lending limits of the Bank can be arranged through correspondent banks. The Bank also issues ATM and debit cards, has a network of branded ATMs and offers access to ATM networks through other major service providers. We provide access to customer accounts via a 24-hour seven day a week toll-free automated telephone customer service and a secure online banking service.
At December 31, 2009 our assets totaled $5.3 billion, of which gross non-covered loans totaled $3.7 billion, or 70% of assets, and covered loans totaled $622 million, or 12% of assets. At this date, the non-covered loans were composed of approximately 22% in commercial loans, 59% in commercial real estate loans, 7% in commercial real estate construction loans, 5% in residential real estate construction loans, 6% in residential real estate loans and 1% in consumer and other loans. These percentages include some foreign loans, primarily to individuals or entities with business in Mexico, representing 1% of non-covered loans.
We are committed to maintaining premier, relationship-based community banking in Southern California serving the needs of those businesses in our marketplace, as well as serving the needs of growing businesses that may not yet meet the credit standards of the Bank through tightly controlled asset-based lending and factoring of accounts receivable. We compete actively for deposits, and emphasize solicitation of noninterest-bearing deposits. In managing the top line of our business, we focus on making quality loans and gathering low-cost deposits to maximize our net interest margin, as net interest income accounted for 67% of our net revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income) in 2009. Noninterest income for 2009 includes a pre-tax gain of $67 million for the Affinity acquisition and when this gain is excluded, net interest income represents 85% of our net revenues for 2009. The strategy for serving our target markets is the delivery of a finely-focused set of value-added products and services that satisfy the primary needs of our customers, emphasizing superior service and relationships over transaction volume or low pricing.
We generate our revenue primarily from the interest received on the various loan products and investment securities and fees from providing deposit services, foreign exchange services and extending credit. Our major operating expenses are the interest paid by the Bank on deposits and borrowings, employee compensation and general operating expenses. The Bank relies on a foundation of locally generated deposits to fund loans. Our Bank has a relatively low cost of funds due to a high percentage of noninterest-bearing and low cost deposits to total deposits. Our operations, similar to other financial institutions with operations predominately focused in Southern California, are significantly influenced by economic conditions in Southern California, including the strength of the real estate market, the fiscal and regulatory policies of the federal and state government and the regulatory authorities that govern financial institutions. See "Supervision and Regulation." Through our branches located in Northern California and our asset-based lending operations with production and marketing offices located in Arizona, Northern California, and the Pacific Northwest, we are also subject to the economic conditions affecting these markets.
Lending Activities
Through the Bank, the Company concentrates its lending activities in four principal areas:
(1) Real Estate Loans. Real estate loans are comprised of construction loans, miniperm loans collateralized by first or junior deeds of trust on specific commercial properties and equity lines of credit. The properties collateralizing real estate loans are principally located in our primary market areas of Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego and Ventura counties in California and the neighboring communities. Construction loans are comprised of loans on commercial,
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residential and income producing properties that generally have terms of less than two years and typically bear an interest rate that floats with the Bank's base rate or another established index. Miniperm loans finance the purchase and/or ownership of commercial properties, including owner-occupied and income producing properties. Miniperm loans are generally made with an amortization schedule ranging from 15 to 25 years with a lump sum balloon payment due in one to ten years. Equity lines of credit are revolving lines of credit collateralized by junior deeds of trust on residential real properties. They generally bear a rate of interest that floats with the Bank's base rate or the prime rate and have maturities of five years. From time to time, we purchase participation interests in loans originated by other financial institutions. These loans are subject generally to the same underwriting criteria and approval process as loans originated directly by us.
The Bank's real estate portfolio is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the effects of economic downturns in the Southern California economy and in general; (ii) interest rate increases; (iii) reduction in real estate values in Southern California and in general; (iv) increased competition in pricing and loan structure; (v) the borrower's ability to refinance or payoff the balloon or line of credit at maturity; and (vi) environmental risks, including natural disasters. In addition to the foregoing, construction loans are also subject to project specific risks including, but not limited to: (1) construction costs being more than anticipated; (2) construction taking longer than anticipated; (3) failure by developers and contractors to meet project specifications; (4) disagreement between contractors, subcontractors and developers; (5) demand for completed projects being less than anticipated; (6) buyers being unable to secure financing; and (7) loss through foreclosure. When underwriting loans, we strive to reduce the exposure to such risks by (a) reviewing each loan request and renewal individually, (b) using a dual signature approval system for the approval of each loan request for loans over a certain dollar amount, (c) adhering to written loan policies, including, among other factors, minimum collateral requirements, maximum loan-to-value ratio requirements, cash flow requirements and personal guarantees, (d) obtaining independent third party appraisals which are reviewed by the Bank's appraisal department, (e) obtaining external independent credit reviews, (f) evaluating concentrations as a percentage of capital and loans, and (g) conducting environmental reviews, where appropriate. With respect to construction loans, in addition to the foregoing, we attempt to mitigate project specific risks by: (A) implementing a controlled disbursement process for loan proceeds in accordance with an agreed upon schedule; (B) conducting project site visits; and (C) adhering to release-price schedules to ensure the prices for which newly-built units to be sold are sufficient to repay the Bank. The risks related to buyer inability to secure financing and loss through foreclosure are not controllable. We review each loan request on the basis of our ability to recover both principal and interest in view of the inherent risks.
(2) Commercial Loans. Commercial loans, both domestic and foreign, are made to finance operations, to provide working capital, or for specific purposes such as to finance the purchase of assets, equipment or inventory. Since a borrower's cash flow from operations is generally the primary source of repayment, our policies provide specific guidelines regarding required debt coverage and other important financial ratios. Commercial loans include lines of credit and commercial term loans. Lines of credit are extended to businesses or individuals based on the financial strength and integrity of the borrower and guarantor(s) and generally (with some exceptions) are collateralized by short-term assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment or real estate and have a maturity of one year or less. Such lines of credit bear an interest rate that floats with the Bank's base rate, LIBOR or another established index. Commercial term loans are typically made to finance the acquisition of fixed assets, refinance short-term debt originally used to purchase fixed assets or, in rare cases, to finance the purchase of businesses. Commercial term loans generally have terms from one to five years. They may be collateralized by the asset being acquired or other available assets and bear interest rates which either float with the Bank's base rate, LIBOR or another established index or remain fixed for the term of the loan.
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The Bank's portfolio of commercial loans is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the effects of economic downturns in the Southern California economy; (ii) interest rate increases; (iii) deterioration of the value of the underlying collateral; and (iv) the deterioration of a borrower's or guarantor's financial capabilities. We strive to reduce the exposure to such risks through: (a) reviewing each loan request and renewal individually; (b) using a dual signature approval system; (c) adhering to written loan policies; (d) obtaining external independent credit reviews, and (e) in the case of certain commercial loans to Mexican or foreign entities, third party insurance which limits our exposure to anywhere from 20 to 30 percent of the underlying loan. In addition, loans based on short-term asset values and factoring arrangements are monitored on a daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly basis and may include lockbox or control account arrangements. In general, the Bank receives and reviews financial statements and other documents of borrowing customers on an ongoing basis during the term of the relationship and responds to any deterioration noted.
(3) SBA Loans. SBA loans are made through programs designed by the federal government to assist the small business community in obtaining financing from financial institutions that are given government guarantees as an incentive to make the loans. Our SBA loans fall into two categories, loans originated under the SBA's 7a Program ("7a Loans") and loans originated under the SBA's 504 Program ("504 Loans"). SBA 7a Loans are commercial business loans generally made for the purpose of purchasing real estate to be occupied by the business owner, providing working capital, and/or purchasing equipment, accounts receivable or inventory. SBA 504 Loans are collateralized by commercial real estate and are generally made to business owners for the purpose of purchasing or improving real estate for their use and for equipment used in their business. SBA loan origination and loan sale opportunities have declined during the last 18 months. As a result, we suspended our loan sale operation during 2008 and reduced staff accordingly.
SBA lending is subject to federal legislation that can affect the availability and funding of the program. From time to time, this dependence on legislative funding causes limitations and uncertainties with regard to the continued funding of such programs, which could potentially have an adverse financial impact on our business.
The Bank's portfolio of SBA loans is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the effects of economic downturns in the Southern California economy; (ii) interest rate increases; (iii) deterioration of the value of the underlying collateral; and (iv) the deterioration of a borrower's or guarantor's financial capabilities. We strive to reduce the exposure of such risks through: (a) reviewing each loan request and renewal individually; (b) using a dual signature approval system; (c) adhering to written loan policies; (d) adhering to SBA written policies and regulations; (e) obtaining independent third party appraisals which are reviewed by the Bank's appraisal department; and (f) obtaining independent credit reviews. In addition, SBA loans normally require monthly installment payments of principal and interest and therefore are continually monitored for past due conditions. In general, the Bank receives and reviews financial statements and other documents of borrowing customers on an ongoing basis during the term of the relationship and responds to any deterioration noted.
(4) Consumer Loans. Consumer loans include personal loans, auto loans, boat loans, home improvement loans, revolving lines of credit and other loans typically made by banks to individual borrowers. The Bank's consumer loan portfolio is subject to certain risks, including: (i) amount of credit offered to consumers in the market; (ii) interest rate increases; and (iii) consumer bankruptcy laws which allow consumers to discharge certain debts. We strive to reduce the exposure to such risks through the direct approval of all consumer loans by: (a) reviewing each loan request and renewal individually; (b) using a dual signature approval system; (c) adhering to written credit policies; and (d) obtaining external independent credit reviews.
As part of our efforts to achieve long-term stable profitability and respond to a changing economic environment in Southern California and in other areas where we operate, we constantly evaluate a
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variety of options to augment our traditional focus by broadening the services and products we provide. Possible avenues of growth include more branch locations, expanded days and hours of operation and new types of loan and deposit products. To date, we have not expanded into areas of brokerage, annuity, insurance or similar investment products and services and have concentrated primarily on the core businesses of accepting deposits, making loans and extending credit.
Business Concentrations
No individual or single group of related accounts is considered material in relation to our total assets or deposits of the Bank, or in relation to the overall business of the Company. However, approximately 77% of our non-covered loan portfolio at December 31, 2009 consisted of real estate-related loans, including construction loans, miniperm loans, commercial real estate mortgage loans and commercial loans secured by commercial real estate. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsFinancial ConditionLoans." Since our business activities are currently focused primarily in Southern California, with the majority of our business concentrated in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego and Ventura Counties, our results of operations and financial condition are dependent upon the general trends in the Southern California economies and, in particular, the residential and commercial real estate markets. The concentration of our operations in Southern California exposes us to greater risk than other banking companies with a wider geographic base in the event of catastrophes, such as earthquakes, fires and floods in this region. We conduct foreign lending activities including commercial and real estate lending, consisting predominantly of loans to individuals or entities located in Mexico. At December 31, 2009, our foreign loans consisted of approximately 1% of our non-covered loan portfolio. Such foreign loans are denominated in U.S. dollars and most are collateralized by assets located in the United States or are guaranteed or insured by businesses located in the United States. We have continued to allow our foreign loan portfolio to repay in the ordinary course of business without making any new privately-insured foreign loans other than those under existing commitments.
Strategic Evolution and Acquisition Strategy
The Company was organized on October 22, 1999 as a California corporation for the purpose of becoming a bank holding company and to acquire all the outstanding capital stock of Rancho Santa Fe National Bank. Since that time, we have grown rapidly through a series of business acquisitions. Most recently, in August 2009 we purchased certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Affinity Bank from the FDIC, as receiver of Affinity Bank.
The following chart summarizes the acquisitions completed since our inception, some of which are described in more detail below. See also Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details regarding our acquisitions.
Date
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Institution/Company Acquired | |
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May 2000 |
Rancho Santa Fe National Bank | |
May 2000 |
First Community Bank of the Desert | |
January 2001 |
Professional Bancorp, Inc. | |
October 2001 |
First Charter Bank | |
January 2002 |
Pacific Western National Bank | |
March 2002 |
W.H.E.C., Inc. | |
August 2002 |
Upland Bank | |
August 2002 |
Marathon Bancorp | |
September 2002 |
First National Bank | |
January 2003 |
Bank of Coronado | |
August 2003 |
Verdugo Banking Company | |
March 2004 |
First Community Financial Corporation | |
April 2004 |
Harbor National Bank | |
August 2005 |
First American Bank | |
October 2005 |
Pacific Liberty Bank | |
January 2006 |
Cedars Bank | |
May 2006 |
Foothill Independent Bancorp | |
October 2006 |
Community Bancorp Inc. | |
June 2007 |
Business Finance Capital Corporation | |
November 2008 |
Security Pacific Bank deposits | |
August 2009 |
Affinity Bank |
BFI Business Finance
On June 25, 2007 we acquired Business Finance Capital Corporation, or BFCC, a commercial finance company based in San Jose, California, and parent company to BFI Business Finance, or BFI. We issued 494,606 shares of our common stock to the BFCC common shareholders, paid $5.9 million in cash to preferred shareholders of BFCC and caused BFCC to pay $1.4 million in cash for all outstanding options to purchase BFCC common stock. The aggregate deal value was $35.0 million. BFI is an asset-based lender that lends primarily to growing businesses throughout California and the northwestern United States. At the time of the acquisition, BFCC was merged out of existence and BFI became a subsidiary of Pacific Western. We made this acquisition, which we refer to as the BFI acquisition, to expand our asset-based lending business and further diversify our loan portfolio.
Security Pacific Bank Deposit Acquisition
On November 7, 2008, we assumed $427.5 million in deposits from the FDIC as receiver of Security Pacific Bank, or SPB, formerly a Los Angeles-based bank. We assumed all insured and uninsured deposits and paid a 2% premium of approximately $5.1 million related to the non-brokered deposit base of $258 million. The estimated brokered deposits as of the assumption date totaled $169 million. Such deposit assumption was net of acquiring cash, certificates of deposit in other financial institutions, federal funds sold, securities, and loans secured by assumed deposits. As part of the SPB deposit acquisition we also purchased an additional $31 million in loans. The Security Pacific Bank acquisition was made to expand our presence in the Los Angeles area and to gain experience with FDIC-assisted transactions.
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Affinity Bank Acquisition
On August 28, 2009, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Affinity Bank from the FDIC in an FDIC-assisted transaction. Under the terms of the purchase and assumption Agreement, Pacific Western acquired substantially all of the assets of Affinity, including all loans, and assumed substantially all of its liabilities, including the insured and uninsured deposits and excluding certain brokered deposits. Based on the closing with the FDIC as of August 28, 2009, Pacific Western (a) acquired $675.6 million in loans, $22.9 million in foreclosed assets, $175.4 million in investments and $371.5 million in cash and other assets, and (b) assumed $868.2 million in deposits, $305.8 million in borrowings, and $32.6 million in other liabilities. In connection with the Affinity acquisition, the FDIC made a cash payment to Pacific Western of $87.2 million. We entered into a loss sharing agreement with the FDIC, whereby the FDIC agreed to cover a substantial portion of any future losses on loans, other real estate owned and certain investment securities. We refer to the acquired assets subject to the loss sharing agreement collectively as "covered assets." Under the terms of such loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the first $234 million of losses on covered assets and absorb 95% of losses and receive 95% of loss recoveries on covered assets exceeding $234 million. The loss sharing agreement is in effect for 5 years for commercial assets (non-residential loans, OREO and certain securities) and 10 years for residential loans from the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. The loss recovery provisions are in effect for 8 years for commercial assets and 10 years for residential loans from the acquisition date. We gained 10 branches, including our 3 locations in Northern California, and made this acquisition to expand our presence in California.
The banking business in California, and specifically in the Bank's primary service areas, is highly competitive with respect to originating loans, acquiring deposits and providing other banking services. The market is dominated by commercial banks in Southern California with assets between $500 million and $15 billion, such as ourselves, and a few banking giants with a large number of offices and full-service operations over a wide geographic area. In recent years, competition has increased from institutions not subject to the same regulatory restrictions as domestic banks and bank holding companies. Those competitors include savings and loan associations, brokerage houses, insurance companies, mortgage companies, credit unions, credit card companies, and other financial and non-financial institutions and entities.
Economic factors, along with legislative and technological changes, will have an ongoing impact on the competitive environment within the financial services industry. We work to anticipate and adapt to dynamic competitive conditions whether it may be developing and marketing innovative products and services, adopting or developing new technologies that differentiate our products and services, cross marketing, or providing highly personalized banking services. We strive to distinguish ourselves from other community banks and financial services providers in our marketplace by providing an extremely high level of service to enhance customer loyalty and to attract and retain business. However, we can provide no assurance as to the effectiveness of these efforts on our future business or results of operations, as to our continued ability to anticipate and adapt to changing conditions, and as to sufficiently improving our services and/or banking products in order to successfully compete in our primary service areas.
As of March 1, 2010, the Company had 915 full time equivalent employees.
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Financial and Statistical Disclosure
Certain of our statistical information is presented within "Item 6. Selected Financial Data," "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosure About Market Risk." This information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
General
The banking and financial services business in which we engage is highly regulated. Such regulation is intended, among other things, to protect depositors insured by the FDIC and the entire banking system. The commercial banking business is also influenced by the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank, or FRB. The FRB implements national monetary policies (with the dual mandate of price stability and maximum employment) by its open-market operations in United States Government securities, by adjusting the required level of and paying interest on reserves for financial intermediaries subject to its reserve requirements and by varying the discount rates applicable to borrowings by depository institutions. The actions of the FRB in these areas influence the growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and also affect interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits. Indirectly, such actions may also impact the ability of non-bank financial institutions to compete with the Bank. The nature and impact of any future changes in monetary policies cannot be predicted.
The laws, regulations and policies affecting the financial services industry are continuously under review by Congress, state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies. From time to time, legislation is enacted which has the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding permissible activities or affecting the competitive balance between banks and other financial intermediaries. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of banks, bank holding companies and other financial intermediaries are frequently made in Congress, in the California legislature and by various bank regulatory agencies and other professional agencies. Changes in the laws, regulations or policies that impact us cannot necessarily be predicted, but they may have a material effect on our business and earnings.
Bank Holding Company Regulation
As a bank holding company, PacWest is registered with and subject to regulation by the FRB under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or the BHCA. In accordance with FRB policy, PacWest is expected to act as a source of financial strength to the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank in circumstances where it might not otherwise do so. Similarly, under the cross-guarantee provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the FDIC can hold any FDIC-insured depository institution liable for any loss suffered or anticipated by the FDIC in connection with (i) the default of a commonly controlled FDIC-insured depository institution or (ii) any assistance provided by the FDIC to such a commonly controlled institution. Under the BHCA, we are subject to periodic examination by the FRB. We are also required to file with the FRB periodic reports of our operations and such additional information regarding the Company and its subsidiaries as the FRB may require. Pursuant to the BHCA, we are required to obtain the prior approval of the FRB before we acquire all or substantially all of the assets of any bank or ownership or control of voting shares of any bank if, after giving effect to such acquisition, we would own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 5 percent of such bank.
Under the BHCA, we may not engage in any business other than managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to our subsidiaries that the FRB deems to be so closely related to banking as "to be
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a proper incident thereto." We are also prohibited, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5 percent of the voting shares of any company unless the company is engaged in banking activities or the FRB determines that the activity is so closely related to banking to be a proper incident to banking. The FRB's approval must be obtained before the shares of any such company can be acquired and, in certain cases, before any approved company can open new offices.
The BHCA and regulations of the FRB also impose certain constraints on the redemption or purchase by a bank holding company of its own shares of stock.
Additionally, bank holding companies that meet certain eligibility requirements prescribed by the BHCA and elect to operate as financial holding companies may engage in, or own shares in companies engaged in, a wider range of nonbanking activities, including securities and insurance activities and any other activity that the FRB, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines by regulation or order is financial in nature, incidental to any such financial activity or complementary to any such financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety or soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally. As of the date of this filing, we do not operate as a financial holding company.
Our earnings and activities are affected by legislation, by regulations and by local legislative and administrative bodies and decisions of courts in the jurisdictions in which we and the Bank conduct business. For example, these include limitations on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to us and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. It is the policy of the FRB that bank holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization's expected future needs and financial condition. The policy provides that bank holding companies should not maintain a level of cash dividends that undermines the bank holding company's ability to serve as a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries. Various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that subsidiary banks and savings associations can pay to their holding companies without regulatory approval. In addition to these explicit limitations, the federal regulatory agencies have general authority to prohibit a banking subsidiary or bank holding company from engaging in an unsafe or unsound banking practice. Depending upon the circumstances, the agencies could take the position that paying a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice. Further, as discussed below under "Regulation of the Bank", a bank holding company such as the Company is required to maintain minimum ratios of Tier 1 capital and total capital to total risk-weighted assets, and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to total adjusted quarterly average assets as defined in such regulations. The level of our capital ratios may affect our ability to pay dividends. See "Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder MattersDividends" and Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
Banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies are also subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law in dealings with their holding companies and other affiliates. Subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Federal Reserve Act, a bank can make a loan or extend credit to an affiliate, purchase or invest in the securities of an affiliate, purchase assets from an affiliate, accept securities of an affiliate as collateral for a loan or extension of credit to any person or company, issue a guarantee or accept letters of credit on behalf of an affiliate only if the aggregate amount of the above transactions of such subsidiary does not exceed 10 percent of such subsidiary's capital stock and surplus on an individual basis or 20 percent of such subsidiary's capital stock and surplus on an aggregate basis. Such transactions must be on terms and conditions that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices. A bank holding company and its subsidiaries generally may not purchase a "low-quality asset," as that term is defined in the Federal Reserve Act, from an affiliate. Such restrictions also prevent a holding company and its other affiliates from borrowing from a banking subsidiary of the holding company unless the loans are secured by collateral.
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The FRB has cease and desist powers over parent bank holding companies and non-banking subsidiaries where the action of a parent bank holding company or its non-financial institutions represent an unsafe or unsound practice or violation of law. The FRB has the authority to regulate debt obligations, other than commercial paper, issued by bank holding companies by imposing interest ceilings and reserve requirements on such debt obligations.
Regulation of the Bank
The Bank is extensively regulated under both federal and state law.
Pacific Western is a state-chartered, "non-member" bank and therefore is regulated by the California Department of Financial Institutions, or DFI, and the FDIC. Pacific Western is also an FDIC insured financial institution whereby the FDIC provides deposit insurance for a certain maximum dollar amount per customer. In late 2008 the FDIC temporarily increased the maximum amount of insurance to $250,000 per depositor and this limit is in effect through December 2013. In addition, Pacific Western elected to participate in the FDIC's Transaction Account Guarantee Program whereby the FDIC provides unlimited deposit insurance for customer transaction deposits earning 50 basis points or less. The Transaction Account Guarantee Program is set to expire June 30, 2010. For this protection, Pacific Western, as is the case with all insured banks, pays a quarterly statutory assessment and is subject to the rules and regulations of the FDIC.
Various requirements and restrictions under federal and state law affect the operations of the Bank. Federal and state statutes and regulations relate to many aspects of the Bank's operations, including standards for safety and soundness, reserves against deposits, interest payable on certain deposit products, investments, mergers and acquisitions, borrowings, dividends, locations of branch offices, fair lending requirements, Community Reinvestment Act activities and loans to affiliates.
Further, each of the Company and the Bank is required to maintain certain levels of capital. The FRB and the FDIC have substantially similar risk-based capital ratio and leverage ratio guidelines for banking organizations. The guidelines are intended to ensure that banking organizations have adequate capital given the risk levels of assets and off-balance sheet financial instruments. Under the guidelines, banking organizations are required to maintain minimum ratios for Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets (including certain off-balance sheet items, such as letters of credit). For purposes of calculating the ratios, a banking organization's assets and some of its specified off-balance sheet commitments and obligations are assigned to various risk categories. A depository institution's or holding company's capital, in turn, is classified in one of three tiers, depending on type:
The following are the regulatory capital guidelines and the actual capitalization levels for Pacific Western and the Company as of December 31, 2009. Regulatory capital requirements limit the amount of deferred tax assets that may be included when determining the amount of regulatory capital. Deferred tax asset amounts in excess of the calculated limit are deducted from regulatory capital. At December 31, 2009, the Company's reported deferred tax asset of $36.2 million was limited to
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$25.9 million for purposes of determining regulatory capital. As a result, $10.3 million was deducted from stockholders' equity in determining the amount of the Company's regulatory capital at that time. No assurance can be given that the regulatory capital deferred tax asset limitation will not increase in the future. There was no limitation on the Bank's regulatory capital due to deferred tax assets.
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Adequately Capitalized |
Well Capitalized | Pacific Western |
Company Consolidated |
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(greater than or equal to) |
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Total risk-based capital ratio |
8.00 | % | 10.00 | % | 14.80 | % | 15.58 | % | |||||
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio |
4.00 | % | 6.00 | % | 13.52 | % | 14.31 | % | |||||
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio |
4.00 | % | 5.00 | % | 10.23 | % | 10.85 | % |
The Company issued subordinated debentures to trusts that were established by us or entities we have acquired, which, in turn, issued trust preferred securities, which totaled $129.8 million at December 31, 2009. These securities are currently included in our Tier I capital for purposes of determining the Company's Tier I and total risk-based capital ratios. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, which is the holding company's banking regulator, has promulgated a modification of the capital regulations affecting trust preferred securities. Although this modification was scheduled to be effective on March 31, 2009, the Federal Reserve postponed the effective date to March 31, 2011. At that time, the Company will be allowed to include in Tier I capital an amount of trust preferred securities equal to no more than 25% of the sum of all core capital elements, which is generally defined as shareholders' equity less certain intangibles, including goodwill, core deposit intangibles and customer relationship intangibles, net of any related deferred income tax liability. The regulations currently in effect through December 31, 2010, limit the amount of trust preferred securities that can be included in Tier I capital to 25% of the sum of core capital elements without a deduction for permitted intangibles. We have determined that our Tier I capital ratios would remain above the well-capitalized level had the modification of the capital regulations been in effect at December 31, 2009. We expect that our Tier I capital ratios will be at or above the existing well-capitalized levels on March 31, 2011, the first date on which the modified capital regulations must be applied.
The FDIC and FRB risk-based capital guidelines are based upon the 1988 capital accord of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, or BIS. The BIS is a committee of central banks and bank supervisors/regulators from the major industrialized countries that develops broad policy guidelines that each country's supervisors can use to determine the supervisory policies they apply. The BIS has been working for a number of years on revisions to the 1988 capital accord and in June 2004 released the final version of its proposed new capital framework, with an update in November 2005, or BIS II. BIS II proposes two approaches for setting capital standards for credit riskan internal ratings-based approach tailored to individual institutions' circumstances (which for many asset classes is itself broken into a "foundation" approach and an "advanced" or "A-IRB" approach, the availability of which is subject to additional restrictions) and a standardized approach that bases risk weightings on external credit assessments to a much greater extent than permitted in existing risk-based capital guidelines. BIS II also would set capital requirements for operational risk and refine the existing capital requirements for market risk exposures.
The U.S. banking and thrift agencies are developing proposed revisions to their existing capital adequacy regulations and standards based on BIS II. In December 2006, the agencies issued a notice of proposed rulemaking setting forth a definitive proposal for implementing BIS II in the United States that would apply only to internationally active banking organizationsdefined as those with consolidated total assets of $250 billion or more or consolidated on-balance sheet foreign exposures of $10 billion or morebut that other U.S. banking organizations could elect but would not be required to apply. In November 2007, the agencies adopted a definitive final rule for implementing BIS II in the United States that would apply only to internationally active banking organizations, or "core banks"
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defined as those with consolidated total assets of $250 billion or more or consolidated on-balance sheet foreign exposures of $10 billion or more. The final rule was effective on April 1, 2008.
The Company is not required to comply with BIS II and we have not adopted the BIS II approach.
In June 2008, the U.S. banking and thrift agencies announced a proposed rule that would provide all non-core banking organizations (that is, banking organizations not required to adopt the advanced approaches) with the option to adopt a way to determine required regulatory capital that is more risk sensitive than the current Basel I-based rules, yet is less complex than the advanced approaches in the final rule. The proposed standardized framework addresses (i) expanding the number of risk-weight categories to which credit exposures may be assigned; (ii) using loan-to-value ratios to risk weight most residential mortgages to enhance the risk sensitivity of the capital requirement; (iii) providing a capital charge for operational risk using the Basic Indicator Approach under the international Basel II capital accord; (iv) emphasizing the importance of a bank's assessment of its overall risk profile and capital adequacy; and (v) providing for comprehensive disclosure requirements to complement the minimum capital requirements and supervisory process through market discipline. This new proposal will replace the agencies' earlier BIS I-A proposal, issued in December 2006.
Prompt Corrective Action
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act, or FDICIA, requires each federal banking agency to take prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of insured depository institutions, including but not limited to those that fall below one or more prescribed minimum capital ratios. Pursuant to FDICIA, the FDIC promulgated regulations defining the following five categories in which an insured depository institution will be placed, based on the level of its capital ratios: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized. Under the prompt corrective action provisions of FDICIA, an insured depository institution generally will be classified as undercapitalized if its total risk-based capital is less than 8% or its Tier 1 risk-based capital or leverage ratio is less than 4%. An institution that, based upon its capital levels, is classified as "well capitalized", "adequately capitalized" or "undercapitalized" may be treated as though it were in the next lower capital category if the appropriate federal banking agency, after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that an unsafe or unsound condition or an unsafe or unsound practice warrants such treatment. At each successive lower capital category, an insured depository institution is subject to more restrictions and prohibitions, including restrictions on growth, restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits, prohibitions on payment of dividends and restrictions on the acceptance of brokered deposits. Furthermore, if a bank is classified in one of the undercapitalized categories, it is required to submit a capital restoration plan to the federal bank regulator, and the holding company must guarantee the performance of that plan.
In addition to measures taken under the prompt corrective action provisions, commercial banking organizations may be subject to potential enforcement actions by the federal or state banking agencies for unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their businesses or for violations of any law, rule, regulation or any condition imposed in writing by the agency or any written agreement with the agency. Enforcement actions may include the imposition of a conservator or receiver, the issuance of a cease-and-desist order that can be judicially enforced, the termination of insurance of deposits (in the case of a depository institution), the imposition of civil money penalties, the issuance of directives to increase capital, the issuance of formal and informal agreements, the issuance of removal and prohibition orders against institution-affiliated parties. The enforcement of such actions through injunctions or restraining orders may be based upon a judicial determination that the agency would be harmed if such equitable relief was not granted.
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Hazardous Waste Clean-Up and Climate-Related Risk
Our primary exposure to environmental laws is through our lending activities and through properties or businesses we may own, lease or acquire since we are not involved in any business that manufactures, uses or transports chemicals, waste, pollutants or toxins that might have a material adverse effect on the environment. Based on a general survey of the Bank's loan portfolio, conversations with local appraisers and the type of lending currently and historically done by the Bank, we are not aware of any potential liability for hazardous waste contamination that would be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company as of February 16, 2010. In addition, we are not aware of any physical or regulatory consequence resulting from climate change that would have a material adverse effect upon the Company.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
As a publicly traded company, we are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Sarbanes-Oxley Act"). The principal provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, many of which have been implemented or interpreted through regulations, provide for and include, among other things: (i) the creation of an independent accounting oversight board; (ii) auditor independence provisions that restrict non-audit services that accountants may provide to their audit clients; (iii) additional corporate governance and responsibility measures, including the requirement that the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of a public company certify financial statements; (iv) the forfeiture of bonuses or other incentive-based compensation and profits from the sale of an issuer's securities by directors and senior officers in the twelve month period following initial publication of any financial statements that later require restatement; (v) an increase in the oversight of, and enhancement of certain requirements relating to, audit committees of public companies and how they interact with the Company's independent auditors; (vi) requirements that audit committee members must be independent and are barred from accepting consulting, advisory or other compensatory fees from the issuer; (vii) requirements that companies disclose whether at least one member of the audit committee is a "financial expert" (as such term is defined by the SEC) and if not discussed, why the audit committee does not have a financial expert; (viii) expanded disclosure requirements for corporate insiders, including accelerated reporting of stock transactions by insiders and a prohibition on insider trading during pension blackout periods; (ix) a prohibition on personal loans to directors and officers, except certain loans made by insured financial institutions on nonpreferential terms and in compliance with other bank regulatory requirements; (x) disclosure of a code of ethics and filing a Form 8-K for a change or waiver of such code; (xi) a range of enhanced penalties for fraud and other violations; and (xii) expanded disclosure and certification relating to an issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting.
As a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and its implementing regulations, we have incurred substantial costs to interpret and ensure ongoing compliance with the law and its regulations. Future changes in the laws, regulation, or policies that impact us cannot necessarily be predicted and may have a material effect on our business and earnings.
USA PATRIOT Act
The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, or the PATRIOT Act, designed to deny terrorists and others the ability to obtain access to the United States financial system, has significant implications for depository institutions, brokers, dealers and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The PATRIOT Act, as implemented by various federal regulatory agencies, requires financial institutions, including the Company, to establish and implement policies and procedures with respect to, among other matters, anti-money laundering, compliance, suspicious activity and currency transaction reporting and due diligence on customers. The PATRIOT Act and its underlying regulations permit information sharing
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for counter-terrorist purposes between federal law enforcement agencies and financial institutions, as well as among financial institutions, subject to certain conditions, and require the FRB, the FDIC and other federal banking agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of an applicant in combating money laundering activities when considering applications filed under Section 3 of the BHCA or the Bank Merger Act. We regularly evaluate and continue to augment our systems and procedures to continue to comply with the PATRIOT Act and other anti-money laundering initiatives. We believe that the ongoing cost of compliance with the PATRIOT Act is not likely to be material to the Company. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, or to comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution.
Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation
The United States has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. These are typically known as the "OFAC" rules based on their administration by the U.S. Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"). The OFAC-administered sanctions targeting countries take many different forms. Generally, however, they contain one or more of the following elements: (i) restrictions on trade with or investment in a sanctioned country, including prohibitions against direct or indirect imports from and exports to a sanctioned country and prohibitions on "U.S. persons" engaging in financial transactions relating to making investments in, or providing investment-related advice or assistance to, a sanctioned country; and (ii) a blocking of assets in which the government or specially designated nationals of the sanctioned country have an interest, by prohibiting transfers of property subject to U.S. jurisdiction (including property in the possession or control of U.S. persons). Blocked assets (e.g., property and bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences.
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the "EESA")
On October 3, 2008, the EESA was enacted. The legislation was the result of a proposal by the U.S. Treasury Department to the U.S. Congress on September 20, 2008 in response to the financial crisis affecting the banking system and financial markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions. The U.S. Treasury and banking regulators implemented a number of programs under this legislation and otherwise to address capital and liquidity issues in the banking system. Specifically, the EESA increased FDIC insurance coverage and provided up to $700 billion in funding for the financial services industry. The EESA temporarily raised the basic limit on federal deposit insurance coverage from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor. The legislation provides that the basic deposit insurance limit will return to $100,000 per depositor after December 31, 2013. See also discussion under "Deposit Insurance."
Pursuant to the EESA, Congress authorized the U.S. Treasury to use $350 billion for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) of which $250 billion was allocated to the Capital Purchase Program (CPP). The CPP allowed a qualifying institution to apply for up to three percent of its total risk-weighted assets in capital, which would be in the form of non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock of the institution with a dividend rate of 5% until the fifth anniversary of the investment and 9% thereafter. For institutions participating in CPP, the U.S. Treasury also received warrants for common stock of the institution equal to 15% of the capital invested. An election to participate in CPP had to be made by November 14, 2008. We did not participate in CPP. On January 15, 2009, the second $350 billion of TARP funding was released to the U.S. Treasury.
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Deposit Insurance
The deposits of the Bank are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund, or the DIF, of the FDIC and are subject to deposit insurance assessments. The FDIC utilizes a risk-based assessment system that imposes insurance premiums based upon a risk matrix that takes into account several components including but not limited to the bank's capital level and supervisory rating. Base deposit insurance assessment rates range from 12 to 45 basis points of total qualified deposits and is based on the risk category of the bank. Risk Category I is the lowest risk category while Risk Category IV is the highest risk category. An increase in the Risk Category of the Bank could have a material adverse effect on our earnings.
On November 12, 2009, the FDIC amended its assessment regulations to require insured depository institutions to prepay, on December 30, 2009, their estimated quarterly assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009, and for all of 2010, 2011, and 2012. The amount of Pacific Western's FDIC assessment prepayment was $19.5 million, which we paid on December 30, 2009.
On May 22, 2009, the FDIC adopted a final rule imposing a 5 basis point special assessment on each insured depository institution's assets minus Tier 1 capital as of June 30, 2009. The amount of the special assessment for any institution did not exceed 10 basis points times the institution's assessment base for the second quarter 2009. The special assessment was collected as of September 30, 2009 and totaled $2.0 million for Pacific Western.
The 2009 prepayments and special assessment for FDIC insurance are in contrast to the lower FDIC insurance assessment expense for Pacific Western in 2008 and 2007. Because of favorable loss experience and a healthy reserve ratio in the Bank Insurance Fund, or the BIF, of the FDIC, well-capitalized and well-managed banks, including Pacific Western, paid minimal premiums for FDIC insurance during 2008 and 2007. A deposit premium refund, in the form of credit offsets, was given to banks that were in existence on December 31, 1996 and paid deposit insurance premiums prior to that date. Pacific Western utilized its credit offset to eliminate a portion of its 2008 and nearly all of its 2007 FDIC insurance assessments.
In addition to temporarily raising the federal deposit insurance limit to $250,000 per depositor, the FDIC adopted the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, or TLG Program, on November 26, 2008. The FDIC stated that its purpose is to strengthen confidence and encourage liquidity in the banking system through two limited guarantee programs: the Debt Guarantee Program, or DGP, and the Transaction Account Guarantee Program. Insured depository institutions and most U.S. bank holding companies were eligible to participate. Participation in both programs was voluntary and an irrevocable decision regarding participation had to be made by December 5, 2008. The Bank elected to participate in both parts of the TLG Program, and the holding company elected to participate in the DGP portion of the program. To qualify debt under the DGP, the debt issuance had to occur by October 31, 2009. The Company and the Bank did not issue any debt under the DGP.
The Transaction Account Guarantee Program guarantees the entire balance of non-interest bearing deposit transaction accounts (defined as transaction accounts bearing interest rates of 50 basis points or less), through June 30, 2010. Institutions participating in the Transaction Account Guarantee Program are charged a 10-basis point fee on the balance of non-interest bearing deposit transaction accounts exceeding the existing deposit insurance limit of $250,000. The cost to the Bank for participating in this program was $452,000 for 2009.
Based on the current FDIC insurance assessment methodology and including the special assessment and our participation in the Transaction Account Guarantee Program, our FDIC insurance assessment was $7.8 million for 2009.
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Depositor Preference
The Federal Deposit Insurance Act provides that, in the event of the "liquidation or other resolution" of an insured depository institution, the claims of depositors of the institution, including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors, and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver, will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If an insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including the parent bank holding company, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.
Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, or the CRA, generally requires insured depository institutions to identify the communities they serve and to make loans and investments, offer products, and provide services designed to meet the credit needs of these communities. The CRA also requires banks to maintain comprehensive records of its CRA activities to demonstrate how it is meeting the credit needs of their communities; these documents are subject to periodic examination by the FDIC. During these examinations, the FDIC rates such institutions' compliance with CRA as "Outstanding," "Satisfactory," "Needs to Improve" or "Substantial Noncompliance." The CRA requires the FDIC to take into account the record of a bank in meeting the credit needs of the entire communities served, including low-and moderate income neighborhoods, in determining such rating. Failure of an institution to receive at least a "Satisfactory" rating could inhibit such institution or its holding company from undertaking certain activities, including acquisitions. The Bank received a CRA rating of "Satisfactory" as of its most recent examination.
Customer Information Security
The FRB and other bank regulatory agencies have adopted final guidelines for safeguarding confidential, personal customer information. These guidelines require each financial institution, under the supervision and ongoing oversight of its board of directors or an appropriate committee thereof, to create, implement and maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, protect against any anticipated threats or hazard to the security or integrity of such information and protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. We have adopted a customer information security program to comply with such requirements.
Privacy
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and the California Financial Information Privacy Act require financial institutions to implement policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of nonpublic personal information about consumers to non-affiliated third parties. In general, the statutes require explanations to consumers on policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of such nonpublic personal information, and, except as otherwise required by law, prohibits disclosing such information except as provided in the Bank's policies and procedures. Pacific Western has implemented privacy policies addressing these restrictions which are distributed regularly to all existing and new customers of the Bank.
Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives
From time to time, various legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures, as well as by regulatory agencies. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution regulatory system. Such legislation could change banking
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statutes and our operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other financial institutions. We cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implementing regulations, would have on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries could have a material effect on our business.
We maintain an Internet website at www.pacwestbancorp.com, and a website for Pacific Western at www.pacificwesternbank.com. At www.pacwestbancorp.com and via the "Investor Relations" link at the Bank's website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after such forms are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room, located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. You may obtain copies of the Company's filings on the SEC site. These documents may also be obtained in print upon request by our shareholders to our Investor Relations Department.
We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, including our principal executive officer and senior financial officers, in accordance with Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder. The code of ethics, which we call our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, is available on our corporate website, www.pacwestbancorp.com in the section entitled "Corporate Governance." In the event that we make changes in, or provide waivers from, the provisions of this code of ethics that the SEC requires us to disclose, we intend to disclose these events on our corporate website in such section. In the Corporate Governance section of our corporate website, we have also posted the charters for our Audit Committee and our Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committee, as well as our Corporate Governance Guidelines. In addition, information concerning purchases and sales of our equity securities by our executive officers and directors is posted on our website.
Our Investor Relations Department can be contacted at PacWest Bancorp, 275 N. Brea Blvd., Brea, CA 92821, Attention: Investor Relations, telephone (714) 671-6800, or via e-mail to investor-relations@pacwestbancorp.com.
All website addresses given in this document are for information only and are not intended to be an active link or to incorporate any website information into this document.
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking information about the Company, which statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for "forward-looking statements" provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. Such statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company. We caution readers that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, implied or projected by, such forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
If any of these risks or uncertainties materializes or if any of the assumptions underlying such forward-looking statements proves to be incorrect, our results could differ materially from those expressed in, implied or projected by, such forward-looking statements. Therefore, readers should be mindful that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that they are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Except as required by law, we undertake no, and hereby disclaim any, obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, changed circumstances or otherwise. For additional information concerning risks and uncertainties related to us and our operations, please refer to Items 1 through 7A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Ownership of our common stock involves risk. You should carefully consider, in addition to the other information set forth herein, the following risk factors.
Our business has been and may continue to be adversely affected by current conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions generally.
The global financial markets have undergone and may continue to experience pervasive and fundamental disruptions. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers' underlying financial strength. While the capital markets have recently shown signs of improvement, the sustainability of an economic recovery is uncertain as business activity across a wide range of industries continues to face difficulties due to the lack of consumer spending and rise in unemployment.
A sustained weakness or weakening in business and economic conditions generally or specifically in the principal markets in which we do business could have one or more of the following adverse effects on our business:
Overall, the recession has had an adverse effect on our business, and there can be no assurance that an economic recovery will be sustainable in the near term. Until conditions improve, we expect our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected.
Changes in economic conditions, in particular a worsening of the economic slowdown in Southern California, could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our business is directly impacted by factors such as economic, political and market conditions, broad trends in industry and finance, legislative and regulatory changes, and changes in government monetary and fiscal policies and inflation, all of which are beyond our control. The current economic conditions have caused a lack of consumer confidence, increased market volatility and widespread reduction of business activity generally. These circumstances may continue to lead to an increase in nonaccrual and classified loans, which generally results in a provision for credit losses and in turn reduces the Company's net earnings. The State of California continues to face fiscal challenges, the long-term effects of which on the State's economy cannot be predicted. A further deterioration in the economic conditions, whether caused by national or local concerns, as discussed above, could materially and adversely affect our business. In particular, a continued deterioration of the economic conditions in Southern California could result in the following consequences, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business: loan delinquencies may increase; problem assets and foreclosures may increase; demand for our products and services may decrease; low cost or noninterest bearing deposits may decrease; and collateral for loans made by us, especially real estate, may decline in value, in turn reducing customers' borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with
22
our existing loans. Until conditions provide for sustainable improvement, we expect our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected.
Further disruptions in the real estate market could materially and adversely affect our business.
There has been a slow-down in the real estate market due to negative economic trends and credit market disruption, the impacts of which are not yet completely known or quantified. At December 31, 2009, 59% of our non-covered loans were secured by commercial real estate, 7% were secured by commercial real estate construction projects, 5% were secured by residential real estate construction projects and 6% were secured by residential real estate. We have observed in the marketplace tighter credit underwriting and higher premiums on liquidity, both of which may continue to place downward pressure on real estate values. Any further downturn in the real estate market could materially and adversely affect our business because a significant portion of our non-covered loans are secured by real estate. Our ability to recover on defaulted non-covered loans by selling the real estate collateral would then be diminished and we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted non-covered loans. Substantially all of our real property collateral is located in Southern California. If there is a further decline in real estate values, especially in Southern California, the collateral for our non-covered loans would provide less security. Real estate values could be affected by, among other things, a worsening of the economic conditions, an increase in foreclosures, a decline in home sale volumes, an increase in interest rates, high levels of unemployment, earthquakes and other natural disasters particular to California.
Our business is subject to interest rate risk, and variations in interest rates may materially and adversely affect our financial performance.
Changes in the interest rate environment may reduce our profits. It is expected that we will continue to realize income from the differential or "spread" between the interest earned on loans, securities and other interest earning assets, and interest paid on deposits, borrowings and other interest bearing liabilities. Net interest spreads are affected by the difference between the maturities and repricing characteristics of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. Changes in market interest rates generally affect loan volume, loan yields, funding sources and funding costs. Our net interest spread depends on many factors that are partly or completely out of our control, including competition, federal economic monetary and fiscal policies, and general economic conditions.
While an increase in the general level of interest rates may increase our loan yield, it may adversely affect the ability of certain borrowers with variable rate loans to pay the interest on and principal of their obligations. In addition, an increase in market interest rates on loans is generally associated with a lower volume of loan originations, which may reduce earnings. Following an increase in the general level of interest rates our ability to maintain a positive net interest spreads is dependent on our ability to increase our loan offering rates, replace loan maturities with new originations, minimize increases on our deposit rates, and maintain an acceptable level and mix of funding. We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to increase our loan offering rates and continue to originate loans due to the competitive landscape in which we operate. Additionally, we cannot provide assurances that we can minimize the increases in our deposit rates while maintaining an acceptable level of deposits. Finally, we cannot provide any assurances that we can maintain our current levels of noninterest bearing deposits as customers may seek higher yielding products when rates increase.
Following a decline in the general level of interest rates, our ability to maintain a positive net interest spread is dependent on our ability to reduce the interest paid on deposits, borrowings, and other interest bearing liabilities. We cannot provide assurance that we would be able to lower the rates paid on deposit accounts to support our liquidity requirements as lower rates may result in deposit outflows.
23
Accordingly, changes in levels of market interest rates could materially and adversely affect our net interest spread, asset quality, loan origination volume, liquidity, and overall profitability. We cannot assure you that we can minimize our interest rate risk.
We face strong competition from financial services companies and other companies that offer banking services which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We conduct our banking operations primarily in Southern California. Increased competition in our market may result in reduced loans and deposits. Ultimately, we may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. Many competitors offer the same banking services that we offer in our service area. These competitors include national banks, regional banks and other community banks. We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including without limitation, savings and loan institutions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, credit unions, mortgage banks and other financial intermediaries. In particular, our competitors include several major financial companies whose greater resources may afford them a marketplace advantage by enabling them to maintain numerous banking locations and ATMs and conduct extensive promotional and advertising campaigns.
Additionally, banks and other financial institutions with larger capitalization and financial intermediaries not subject to bank regulatory restrictions have larger lending limits and are thereby able to serve the credit needs of larger customers. Areas of competition include interest rates for loans and deposits, efforts to obtain deposits, and range and quality of products and services provided, including new technology driven products and services. Technological innovation continues to contribute to greater competition in domestic and international financial services markets as technological advances enable more companies to provide financial services. We also face competition from out-of-state financial intermediaries that have opened production offices or that solicit deposits in our market areas. Additionally, we expect competition to intensify among financial services companies due to the recent consolidation of certain competing financial institutions and the conversion of certain investment banks to bank holding companies. Should competition in the financial services industry intensify, our ability to market our products and services may be adversely affected. If we are unable to attract and retain banking customers, we may be unable to grow or maintain the levels of our loans and deposits and our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
The disruption in the credit markets has had the effect of decreasing the overall liquidity in the marketplace. Competition from financial institutions seeking to maintain adequate liquidity has placed upward pressure on the rates paid on certain deposit accounts at the same time the level of market interest rates has declined. To maintain adequate levels of liquidity, without exhausting secondary sources of liquidity, we may incur increased deposit costs.
Several rating agencies publish unsolicited ratings of the financial performance and relative financial health of many banks, including Pacific Western, based on publicly available data. As these ratings are publicly available, a decline in the Bank's ratings may result in deposit outflows or the inability of the Bank to raise deposits in the secondary market as broker-dealers and depositors may use such ratings in deciding where to deposit their funds.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future and such capital may not be available when needed or at all.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future to provide us with sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs. As a publicly traded company, we have access to the capital markets to raise funds, which is accomplished generally through the issuance of equity, both common and preferred stock, and the issuance of subordinated debentures. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on, among other things, conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control, and our financial performance. The ongoing liquidity
24
crisis and the loss of confidence in financial institutions may increase our cost of funding and limit our access to some of our customary sources of liquidity, including, but not limited to, inter-bank borrowings, repurchase agreements and borrowings from the discount window of the Federal Reserve.
We cannot assure you that access to such capital and liquidity will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Any occurrence that may limit our access to the capital markets, such as a decline in the confidence of debt purchasers, or depositors of the Bank or counterparties participating in the capital markets may materially and adversely affect our capital costs and our ability to raise capital and, in turn, our liquidity. An inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
We are subject to extensive regulation which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by federal and state governmental authorities, and we are subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on part or all of our operations. In addition, regulations affecting banks and other financial institutions are undergoing continuous review and change frequently; the ultimate effect of such changes cannot be predicted. Because our business is highly regulated, compliance with such regulations and laws may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. Also, participation in specific government stabilization programs may subject us to additional restrictions. There can be no assurance that proposed laws, rules and regulations will not be adopted in the future, which could (i) make compliance much more difficult or expensive, (ii) restrict our ability to originate, broker or sell loans or accept certain deposits, (iii) further limit or restrict the amount of commissions, interest or other charges earned on loans originated or sold by us, or (iv) otherwise materially and adversely affect our business or prospects for business.
Recent events in the financial services industry and, more generally, in the financial markets and the economy, have also led to various proposals for changes in the regulation of the financial services industry. Earlier in 2009, legislation proposing significant structural reforms to the financial services industry was introduced in the U.S. Congress. Among other things, the legislation proposes the establishment of a Consumer Financial Protection Agency, which would have broad authority to regulate providers of credit, savings, payment and other consumer financial products and services. Additional legislative proposals call for heightened scrutiny and regulation of any financial firm whose combination of size, leverage, and interconnectedness could, if it failed, pose a threat to the country's financial stability, including the power to restrict the activities of such firms and even require the break-up of such firms at the behest of the relevant regulator.
Other relevant recent initiatives also include:
While there can be no assurance that any or all of these regulatory or legislative changes will ultimately be adopted, any such changes, if enacted or adopted, may impact the profitability of our business activities, require we change certain of our business practices, materially affect our business model or affect retention of key personnel, and could expose us to additional costs (including increased compliance costs). These changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and
25
resources to make any necessary changes, and could therefore also adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, in order to conduct certain activities, including acquisitions, we are required to obtain regulatory approval. There can be no assurance that any required approvals can be obtained, or obtained without conditions or on a timeframe acceptable to us. For more information, please see the section entitled "Item 1. BusinessSupervision and Regulation" above.
There can be no assurance that the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ("EESA") and other recently enacted government programs will help stabilize the U.S. financial system.
In addition to the programs initiated under the EESA, other regulators have taken steps to attempt to stabilize and add liquidity to the financial markets, such as the FDIC's Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program ("TLG Program"), in which we elected to participate. There can also be no assurance as to the actual impact that the EESA and other programs will have on the financial markets, including the extreme levels of volatility and limited credit availability currently being experienced. The failure of the EESA and other programs to stabilize the financial markets and a continuation or worsening of current financial market conditions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, access to credit, or the trading price of our common stock.
The EESA is relatively new legislation and, as such, is subject to change and evolving interpretation. There can be no assurances as to the effects that such changes will have on the effectiveness of the EESA or on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Increases in FDIC insurance premiums may adversely affect our earnings.
During 2008 and 2009, higher levels of bank failures have dramatically increased resolution costs of the FDIC and depleted the deposit insurance fund. In addition, the FDIC instituted temporary programs to further insure customer deposits at FDIC insured banks, which have placed additional stress on the deposit insurance fund.
In order to maintain a strong funding position and restore reserve ratios of the deposit insurance fund, the FDIC has increased assessment rates of insured institutions. In addition, on November 12, 2009, the FDIC adopted a rule requiring banks to prepay three years' worth of premiums to replenish the depleted insurance fund.
We are generally unable to control the amount of premiums that we are required to pay for FDIC insurance. If there are additional bank or financial institution failures we may be required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the recently increased levels. Further, on January 12, 2010, the FDIC requested comments on a proposed rule tying assessment rates of FDIC-insured institutions to the institution's employee compensation programs. The exact requirements of such a rule are not yet known, but such a rule could increase the amount of premiums the Bank must pay for FDIC insurance. These announced increases and any future increases or required prepayments of FDIC insurance premiums may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
We are exposed to transactional, country and legal risk related to our foreign loans that is in addition to risks we face on loans to U.S. based borrowers.
Approximately 1% of our non-covered loan portfolio is represented by credit we extend and loans we make to business located outside the United States, predominantly in Mexico. These loans, which include commercial loans, real estate loans and credit extensions for the financing of international trade, are subject to risks in addition to risks we face with our loans to business located in the United States including, but not limited to transaction risk, country risk and legal risk. While these loans are denominated in U.S. dollars, the ability of the borrower to repay may be affected by fluctuations in the
26
borrower's home country currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Additionally, while most of our foreign loans are insured by U.S.-based institutions, guaranteed by a U.S.-based entity, or collateralized with U.S.-based assets or real property, our ability to collect in the event of default is subject to a number of conditions, as well as deductibles and co-payments with respect to insurance, and we may not be successful in obtaining partial or full repayment or reimbursement from the insurers. Furthermore, foreign laws may restrict our ability to foreclose on, take a security interest in, or seize collateral located in the foreign country.
We are exposed to risk of environmental liabilities with respect to properties to which we take title.
In the course of our business, we may own or foreclose and take title to real estate, and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, as the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. If we ever become subject to significant environmental liabilities, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We may not pay dividends on common stock.
Our stockholders are only entitled to receive such dividends as our Board of Directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. Although we have historically declared cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and may reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend in the future. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders is subject to the restrictions set forth in Delaware law, by our federal regulator, and by certain covenants contained in the indentures governing the trust preferred securities issued by us or entities we have acquired. Notification to the FRB is also required prior to our declaring and paying a cash dividend to our stockholders during any period in which our quarterly net earnings are insufficient to fund the dividend amount. We may not pay a dividend should the FRB object until such time as we receive approval from the FRB or no longer need to provide notice under applicable regulations. See "Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder MattersDividends" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on these restrictions. In addition, we may be restricted by applicable law or regulation or actions taken by our regulators, or as a result of our participation in any specific government stabilization programs, now or in the future, from paying dividends to our stockholders. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will continue paying dividends on our common stock at current levels or at all.
The primary source of our income from which we pay dividends is the receipt of dividends from the Bank.
The availability of dividends from the Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank and other factors, that the FRB, the FDIC and/or the DFI could assert that payment of dividends or other payments is an unsafe or unsound practice, or that such regulatory authority may impose restrictions on the Bank's ability to pay dividends as a condition to the Bank's participation in any stabilization program. In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us, it is likely that we, in turn, would have to stop paying dividends on our common stock. Our failure to pay dividends on our common stock could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. See "Item 1. BusinessSupervision and Regulation" above for additional information on the regulatory restrictions to which we and the Bank are subject.
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Only a limited trading market exists for our common stock which could lead to price volatility.
Our common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Stock Market under the symbol "PACW" and our trading volume is modest. The limited trading market for our common stock may cause fluctuations in the market value of our common stock to be exaggerated, leading to price volatility in excess of that which would occur in a more active trading market of our common stock. In addition, even if a more active market in our common stock develops, we cannot assure you that such a market will continue or that stockholders will be able to sell their shares.
Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses.
In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we maintain an allowance for loan losses to provide for loan defaults and non-performance and a reserve for unfunded loan commitments which, when combined, we refer to as the allowance for credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual credit losses, and future provisions for credit losses could materially and adversely affect our operating results. Our allowance for credit losses is based on prior experience, as well as an evaluation of the risks in the current portfolio. The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates that may be beyond our control, and these losses may exceed current estimates. Our federal and state regulators, as an integral part of their examination process, review our loans and allowance for credit losses. While we believe our allowance for credit losses is appropriate for the risk identified in the Company's loan portfolio, we cannot assure you that we will not further increase the allowance for credit losses, that it will be sufficient to cover losses, or that regulators will not require us to increase this allowance. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect our earnings. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.
Our acquisitions may subject us to unknown risks.
We have completed 21 acquisitions since May 2000, including the acquisition of two bank subsidiaries around which the Company was initially formed and the FDIC assisted acquisition of Affinity Bank in August 2009. Certain events may arise after the date of an acquisition, or we may learn of certain facts, events or circumstances after the closing of an acquisition, that may affect our financial condition or performance or subject us to risk of loss. These events include, but are not limited to: litigation resulting from circumstances occurring at the acquired entity prior to the date of acquisition; loan downgrades and credit loss provisions resulting from underwriting of certain acquired loans determined not to meet our credit standards; personnel changes that cause instability within a department; delays in implementing new policies or procedures or the failure to apply new policies or procedures; and other events relating to the performance of our business. Acquisitions involve inherent uncertainty and we cannot determine all potential events, facts and circumstances that could result in loss or give assurances that our investigation or mitigation efforts will be sufficient to protect against any such loss.
We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect our prospects.
We currently depend heavily on the services of our chairman, John Eggemeyer, our chief executive officer, Matthew Wagner, and a number of other key management personnel. The loss of Mr. Eggemeyer's or Mr. Wagner's services or that of other key personnel could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Our success also depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain additional qualified management personnel. Competition for such personnel is strong in the banking industry, and we may not be successful in attracting or retaining the personnel we require.
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Concentrated ownership of our common stock creates a risk of sudden changes in our share price.
As of March 5, 2010, directors and members of our executive management team owned or controlled approximately 14.6% of our common stock, excluding shares that may be issued to executive officers upon vesting of restricted stock awards. Investors who purchase our common stock may be subject to certain risks due to the concentrated ownership of our common stock. The sale by any of our large stockholders of a significant portion of that stockholder's holdings could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, the registration of any significant amount of additional shares of our common stock will have the immediate effect of increasing the public float of our common stock and any such increase may cause the market price of our common stock to decline or fluctuate significantly.
Our largest stockholder is a registered bank holding company, and the activities and regulation of such stockholder may materially and adversely affect the permissible activities of the Company.
CapGen Capital Group II LP, which we refer to as CapGen, beneficially owned approximately 11% of the Company as of March 5, 2010. CapGen is a registered bank holding company under the BHCA and is regulated by the FRB. Under FRB guidelines, bank holding companies must be a "source of strength" for their subsidiaries. See "Item 1. BusinessSupervision and RegulationBank Holding Company Regulation" above for more information. Regulation of CapGen by the FRB may materially and adversely affect the activities and strategic plans of the Company should the FRB determine that CapGen or any other company in which either has invested has engaged in any unsafe or unsound banking practices or activities. While we have no reason to believe that the FRB is proposing to take any action with respect to CapGen that would adversely affect the Company, we remain subject to such risk.
A natural disaster could harm the Company's business.
Historically, California, in which a substantial portion of the Company's business is located, has been susceptible to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and wild fires. The nature and level of natural disasters cannot be predicted and may be exacerbated by global climate change. These natural disasters could harm the Company's operations through interference with communications, including the interruption or loss of the Company's computer systems, which could prevent or impede the Company from gathering deposits, originating loans and processing and controlling its flow of business, as well as through the destruction of facilities and the Company's operational, financial and management information systems. Additionally, natural disasters could negatively impact the values of collateral securing the Company's loans and interrupt our borrowers' abilities to conduct their business in a manner to support their debt obligations, either of which could result in losses and increased provisions for credit losses.
Our decisions regarding the fair value of assets acquired, including the FDIC loss sharing asset, could be inaccurate which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects.
Management makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectibility of the acquired loans, including the creditworthiness of borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of secured loans. In FDIC-assisted acquisitions that include loss sharing agreements, we may record a loss sharing asset that we consider adequate to absorb future losses which may occur in the acquired loan portfolio. In determining the size of the loss sharing asset, we analyze the loan portfolio based on historical loss experience, volume and classification of loans, volume and trends in delinquencies and nonaccruals, local economic conditions, and other pertinent information.
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If our assumptions are incorrect, the balance of the FDIC loss sharing asset may at any time be insufficient to cover future loan losses, and credit loss provisions may be needed to respond to different economic conditions or adverse developments in the acquired loan portfolio. Any increase in future loan losses could have a negative effect on our operating results.
Our ability to obtain reimbursement under the loss sharing agreement on covered assets depends on our compliance with the terms of the loss sharing agreement.
Management must certify to the FDIC on a quarterly basis our compliance with the terms of the FDIC loss sharing agreement as a prerequisite to obtaining reimbursement from the FDIC for realized losses on covered assets. The required terms of the agreement are extensive and failure to comply with any of the guidelines could result in a specific asset or group of assets permanently losing their loss sharing coverage. Additionally, management may decide to forgo loss share coverage on certain assets to allow greater flexibility over the management of certain assets. As of December 31, 2009, $701.5 million, or 13.2%, of the Company's assets were covered by the FDIC loss sharing agreement.
Under the terms of the FDIC loss sharing agreement, the assignment or transfer of the loss sharing agreement to another entity generally requires the written consent of the FDIC. In addition, the Bank may not assign or otherwise transfer the loss sharing agreement during its term without the prior written consent of the FDIC in all of the following circumstances:
No assurances can be given that we will manage the covered assets in such a way as to always maintain loss share coverage on all such assets.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
As of March 1, 2010, we had a total of 89 properties consisting of 68 operating branch offices, 3 annex office, 3 operations centers, 7 loan offices, and 8 other properties of which 4 are subleased. We own 6 locations and the remaining properties are leased. Almost all properties are located in Southern California. Pacific Western's principal office is located at 401 West A Street, San Diego, CA 92101-7917.
For additional information regarding properties of the Company and Pacific Western, see Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
In the ordinary course of our business, we are party to various other legal actions, which we believe are incidental to the operation of our business. Although the ultimate outcome and amount of
30
liability, if any, with respect to these other legal actions to which we are currently a party cannot presently be ascertained with certainty, in the opinion of management, based upon information currently available to us, any resulting liability is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to the stockholders of the Company, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2009.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Marketplace Designation, Sales Price Information and Holders
Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market and trades under the symbol "PACW." The following table summarizes the high and low sale prices for each quarterly period ended since January 1, 2008 for our common stock, as quoted and reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market, or Nasdaq:
|
Sales Prices | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
High | Low | ||||||
Quarter Ended |
||||||||
2008 |
||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 41.65 | $ | 24.16 | ||||
Second quarter |
$ | 28.88 | $ | 14.85 | ||||
Third quarter |
$ | 40.00 | $ | 11.30 | ||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 32.54 | $ | 18.10 | ||||
2009 |
||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 27.09 | $ | 9.36 | ||||
Second quarter |
$ | 19.82 | $ | 11.64 | ||||
Third quarter |
$ | 21.42 | $ | 11.66 | ||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 21.19 | $ | 15.43 |
As of March 5, 2010, the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $20.78 per share. As of that date, based on the records of our transfer agent, there were approximately 2,261 record holders of our common stock.
Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders is subject to the restrictions set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL. The DGCL provides that a corporation, unless otherwise restricted by its certificate of incorporation, may declare and pay dividends out of its surplus or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or for the preceding fiscal year, as long as the amount of capital of the corporation is not less than the aggregate amount of the capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets. Surplus is defined as the excess of a corporation's net assets (i.e., its total assets minus its total liabilities) over the capital associated with issuances of its common stock. Moreover, DGCL permits a board of directors to reduce its capital and transfer such amount to its surplus. In determining the amount of surplus of a Delaware corporation, the assets of the corporation, including stock of subsidiaries owned by the corporation, must be valued at their fair market value as determined by the board of directors, regardless of their historical book value. Our ability to pay dividends is also subject to certain other limitations. See "Item 1. BusinessSupervision and Regulation" in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
Our ability to pay cash dividends to our shareholders is also limited by certain covenants contained in the indentures governing trust preferred securities issued by us or entities that we have acquired, and the debentures underlying the trust preferred securities. Generally the indentures provide that if an Event of Default (as defined in the indentures) has occurred and is continuing, or if we are in default with respect to any obligations under our guarantee agreement which covers payments of the
32
obligations on the trust preferred securities, or if we give notice of any intention to defer payments of interest on the debentures underlying the trust preferred securities, then we may not, among other restrictions, declare or pay any dividends (other than a dividend payable by the Bank to the holding company) with respect to our common stock. Notification to the FRB is also required prior to our declaring and paying a cash dividend to our stockholders during any period in which our quarterly net earnings are insufficient to fund the dividend amount. Under such circumstances, we may not pay a dividend should the FRB object until such time as we receive approval from the FRB or no longer need to provide notice under applicable regulations.
Holders of Company common stock are entitled to receive dividends declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available under state law governing the Company and certain federal laws and regulations governing the banking and financial services business. During 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company paid $11.1 million, $35.4 million and $37.5 million, respectively, in cash dividends on common stock. Since January 2008, we have declared the following quarterly dividends:
Record Date
|
Pay Date | Amount per Share | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 15, 2008 |
February 29, 2008 | $ | 0.32 | |||
May 27, 2008 |
June 3, 2008 | $ | 0.32 | |||
August 15, 2008 |
August 29, 2008 | $ | 0.32 | |||
November 14, 2008 |
November 26, 2008 | $ | 0.32 | |||
February 16, 2009 |
February 27, 2009 | $ | 0.32 | |||
May 15, 2009 |
May 29, 2009 | $ | 0.01 | |||
August 24, 2009 |
September 4, 2009 | $ | 0.01 | |||
November 16, 2009 |
November 30, 2009 | $ | 0.01 | |||
March 5, 2010 |
March 15, 2010 | $ | 0.01 |
We can provide no assurance that we will continue to declare dividends on a quarterly basis or otherwise. The declaration of dividends by the Company is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors will take into account such matters as general business conditions, our financial results, projected cash flows, capital requirements, contractual, legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiary to the holding company, and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
PacWest's primary source of income is the receipt of cash dividends from the Bank. The availability of cash dividends from the Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the bank in question, and other factors, that the FRB, the FDIC or the DFI could assert that payment of dividends or other payments is an unsafe or unsound practice. Pacific Western is subject to restrictions under certain federal and state laws and regulations governing banks which limit its ability to transfer funds to the holding company through intercompany loans, advances or cash dividends. Dividends paid by state banks such as Pacific Western are regulated by the DFI under its general supervisory authority as it relates to a bank's capital requirements. A state bank may declare a dividend without the approval of the DFI as long as the total dividends declared in a calendar year do not exceed either the retained earnings or the total of net earnings for three previous fiscal years less any dividend paid during such period. During 2009, no dividends were paid to PacWest from the Bank. As of this date and for the foreseeable future, any further cash dividends from the Bank to the Company will require DFI approval. See "Item 1. BusinessRegulation and Supervision," in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of potential regulatory limitations on the holding company's receipt of funds from the Bank, as well as "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity" and Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for a discussion of other factors affecting the availability of dividends and limitations on the ability to declare dividends.
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Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2009, regarding securities issued and to be issued under our equity compensation plans that were in effect during fiscal 2009:
Plan Category
|
Plan Name | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
||||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |
The PacWest Bancorp 2003 Stock Incentive Plan(1) | | (2) | $ | | 1,580,160 | (3) | |||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |
None | | | |
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
In January 2009, all participants in the Company's Directors Deferred Compensation Plan, or the DDCP, received distributions of amounts previously deferred and the DDCP was terminated. Upon termination of the DDCP 184,395 common shares were distributed to the participants.
Prior to 2009, participants in the DDCP were able to invest deferred amounts in the Company's common stock. The Company had the discretion whether to track purchases of common stock as if made, or to fully fund the DDCP via purchases of stock with deferred amounts. Purchases of Company common stock by the rabbi trust of the DDCP were considered repurchases of common stock by the Company since the rabbi trust was an asset of the Company. Actual purchases of Company common stock via the DDCP were made through open market purchases pursuant to the terms of the DDCP, which include a predetermined formula and schedule for the purchase of such stock in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Pursuant to the terms of the DDCP, generally purchases were actually made or deemed to be made in the open market on the 15th of the month (or the next trading day) following the day on which deferred amounts were contributed to the DDCP, beginning March 15 of each year.
34
The following table presents stock purchases made during the fourth quarter of 2009:
|
Total Shares Purchased |
Average Price Per Share |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 1 - October 31, 2009 |
| $ | | ||||
November 1 - November 30, 2009 |
52,697 | (a) | 16.06 | ||||
December 1 - December 31, 2009 |
| | |||||
Total |
52,697 | $ | 16.06 | ||||
Five-Year Stock Performance Graph
The following chart compares the yearly percentage change in the cumulative shareholder return on our common stock based on the closing price during the five years ended December 31, 2009, with (1) the Total Return Index for U.S. companies traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market (the "NASDAQ Composite") and (2) the Total Return Index for NASDAQ Bank Stocks (the "NASDAQ Bank Index"). This comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2004, in our common stock and the comparison groups and assumes the reinvestment of all cash dividends prior to any tax effect and retention of all stock dividends. PacWest's total cumulative loss was 45.7% over the five year period ending December 31, 2009 compared to a gain of 5.6% and a loss of 39.5% for the NASDAQ Composite and NASDAQ Bank Index.
|
Period Ending | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Index
|
12/31/04 | 12/31/05 | 12/31/06 | 12/31/07 | 12/31/08 | 12/31/09 | |||||||||||||
PacWest Bancorp |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 130.01 | $ | 127.70 | $ | 103.27 | $ | 71.04 | $ | 54.35 | |||||||
NASDAQ Composite |
100.00 | 101.33 | 114.01 | 123.71 | 73.11 | 105.61 | |||||||||||||
NASDAQ Bank |
100.00 | 98.57 | 111.92 | 89.33 | 71.39 | 60.47 |
35
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth certain of our financial and statistical information for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2009. This data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and related Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
|
At or for the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) |
|||||||||||||||||
Results of Operations(a): |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 269,874 | $ | 287,828 | $ | 350,981 | $ | 301,597 | $ | 183,352 | ||||||||
Interest expense |
53,828 | 68,496 | 85,866 | 59,640 | 22,917 | |||||||||||||
NET INTEREST INCOME |
216,046 | 219,332 | 265,115 | 241,957 | 160,435 | |||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
159,900 | 45,800 | 3,000 | 9,600 | 1,420 | |||||||||||||
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES |
56,146 | 173,532 | 262,115 | 232,357 | 159,015 | |||||||||||||
Increase in FDIC loss sharing asset |
16,314 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Gain from Affinity acquisition |
66,989 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Other noninterest income |
22,604 | 24,427 | 32,920 | 16,466 | 13,778 | |||||||||||||
Goodwill write-off |
| 761,701 | | | | |||||||||||||
Other noninterest expense |
179,204 | 144,234 | 142,265 | 121,455 | 87,302 | |||||||||||||
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE) AND EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING CHANGE |
(17,151 | ) | (707,976 | ) | 152,770 | 127,368 | 85,491 | |||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
7,801 | (20,089 | ) | (62,444 | ) | (51,512 | ) | (35,125 | ) | |||||||||
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) BEFORE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING CHANGE |
(9,350 | ) | (728,065 | ) | 90,326 | 75,856 | 50,366 | |||||||||||
Cumulative effect on prior years (to December 31, 2005) of changing the method of accounting for stock-based compensation forfeitures |
| | | 142 | | |||||||||||||
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) |
$ | (9,350 | ) | $ | (728,065 | ) | $ | 90,326 | $ | 75,998 | $ | 50,366 | ||||||
Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per common share (EPS): |
||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | (0.30 | ) | $ | (26.81 | ) | $ | 3.08 | $ | 3.17 | $ | 2.99 | ||||||
Diluted |
(0.30 | ) | (26.81 | ) | 3.08 | 3.16 | 2.94 | |||||||||||
Dividends declared per share |
0.35 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.21 | 0.97 | |||||||||||||
Book value per share(b) |
$ | 14.43 | $ | 13.17 | $ | 40.65 | $ | 39.42 | $ | 27.30 | ||||||||
Tangible book value per share(b) |
$ | 13.48 | $ | 11.77 | $ | 11.88 | $ | 12.82 | $ | 9.68 | ||||||||
Shares outstanding at the end of the year(b) |
35,128 | 28,528 | 28,002 | 29,636 | 18,347 |
36
|
At or for the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) |
|||||||||||||||||
Average shares outstanding for basic EPS |
31,899 | 27,177 | 28,572 | 23,476 | 16,536 | |||||||||||||
Average shares outstanding for diluted EPS |
31,899 | 27,177 | 28,591 | 23,588 | 16,800 | |||||||||||||
Ending Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
$ | 5,324,079 | $ | 4,495,502 | $ | 5,179,040 | $ | 5,553,323 | $ | 3,226,411 | ||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions |
117,133 | 58,780 | 420 | 501 | 90 | |||||||||||||
Investments |
474,129 | 155,359 | 133,537 | 120,128 | 239,354 | |||||||||||||
Loans held for sale |
| | 63,565 | 173,319 | | |||||||||||||
Non-covered loans, net of unearned income(c) |
3,707,383 | 3,987,891 | 3,949,218 | 4,189,543 | 2,467,828 | |||||||||||||
Covered loans, net |
621,686 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Allowance for credit lossesnon-covered loans(c) |
124,278 | 68,790 | 61,028 | 61,179 | 32,971 | |||||||||||||
FDIC loss sharing asset |
112,817 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Goodwill |
| | 761,990 | 738,083 | 295,890 | |||||||||||||
Intangible assets |
33,296 | 39,922 | 43,785 | 50,427 | 27,298 | |||||||||||||
Deposits |
4,094,569 | 3,475,215 | 3,245,146 | 3,685,733 | 2,405,361 | |||||||||||||
Borrowings |
542,763 | 450,000 | 612,000 | 499,000 | 160,300 | |||||||||||||
Subordinated debentures |
129,798 | 129,994 | 138,488 | 149,219 | 121,654 | |||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity |
506,773 | 375,726 | 1,138,352 | 1,168,328 | 500,778 | |||||||||||||
Asset QualityNon-covered: |
||||||||||||||||||
Nonaccrual loans(c) |
$ | 240,167 | $ | 63,470 | $ | 22,473 | $ | 22,095 | $ | 8,422 | ||||||||
OREO |
43,255 | 41,310 | 2,736 | | | |||||||||||||
Non-covered nonperforming assets |
$ | 283,422 | $ | 104,780 | $ | 25,209 | $ | 22,095 | $ | 8,422 | ||||||||
Selected Financial Ratios: |
||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity to assets at period end |
9.52 | % | 8.36 | % | 21.98 | % | 21.04 | % | 15.52 | % | ||||||||
Tangible common equity ratio |
8.95 | 7.54 | 7.60 | 7.97 | 6.12 | |||||||||||||
Return on average assets |
(0.19 | ) | (15.43 | ) | 1.73 | 1.72 | 1.68 | |||||||||||
Return on average equity |
(1.93 | ) | (106.28 | ) | 7.66 | 9.13 | 12.10 | |||||||||||
Average equity/average assets |
10.06 | 14.52 | 22.55 | 18.88 | 13.90 | |||||||||||||
Loan to deposit ratio |
105.73 | 114.75 | 121.70 | 113.67 | 102.60 | |||||||||||||
Net interest margin |
4.79 | 5.30 | 6.34 | 6.67 | 6.37 | |||||||||||||
Dividend payout ratio |
(d) | (d) | 41.56 | 38.29 | 32.99 | |||||||||||||
Asset Quality Ratios: |
||||||||||||||||||
Non-covered nonaccrual loans to non-covered loans, net of unearned income(c) |
6.48 | % | 1.59 | % | 0.57 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.34 | % | ||||||||
Non-covered nonperforming assets to non-covered loans, net of unearned income and OREO(c) |
7.56 | % | 2.60 | % | 0.64 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.34 | % | ||||||||
Allowance for credit losses to non-covered loans, net of unearned income |
3.35 | % | 1.72 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.46 | % | 1.34 | % |
37
|
At or for the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) |
|||||||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses to non-covered nonaccrual loans |
51.75 | % | 108.38 | % | 271.60 | % | 276.90 | % | 391.50 | % |
38
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section should be read in conjunction with the disclosure regarding "Forward-Looking Statements" set forth in "Item 1. BusinessForward-Looking Statements", as well as the discussion set forth in "Item 1. BusinessCertain Business Risks" and "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
We are a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Our principal business is to serve as the holding company for our banking subsidiary, Pacific Western Bank, which we refer to as Pacific Western or the Bank. When we say "we", "our" or the "Company", we mean the Company on a consolidated basis with the Bank. When we refer to "PacWest" or to the holding company, we are referring to the parent company on a stand-alone basis.
Pacific Western is a full-service commercial bank offering a broad range of banking products and services including: accepting time, money market, and demand deposits; originating loans, including commercial, real estate construction, SBA guaranteed, consumer, and international loans; and providing other business-oriented products. Our operations are primarily located in Southern California and the Bank focuses on conducting business with small to medium size businesses in our marketplace, the owners and employees of those businesses and households in and around the communities we serve. Through our asset-based lending offices we also operate in Arizona, Northern California, and the Pacific Northwest.
Over the last two years, the Company's assets have grown $145.0 million, or 2.8%, and totaled $5.3 billion at December 31, 2009. The growth was due primarily to $316.3 million in loan growth, including loans acquired in the acquisition of Affinity Bank ("Affinity") and an increase in securities available for sale of $316.8 million. During this timeframe, we wrote off $762 million of goodwill. At December 31, 2009, gross non-covered loans totaled $3.7 billion, or 70% of assets, and covered loans totaled $622 million, or 12% of assets. At this date, the non-covered loans were composed of approximately 22% in commercial loans, 59% in commercial real estate loans, 7% in commercial real estate construction loans, 5% in residential real estate construction loans, 6% in residential real estate loans and 1% in consumer and other loans. These percentages include some foreign loans, primarily to individuals or entities with business in Mexico, representing 1% of non-covered loans. Our portfolio's value and credit quality is affected in large part by real estate trends in Southern California.
Pacific Western competes actively for deposits and emphasizes solicitation of noninterest-bearing deposits. In managing the top line of our business, we focus on loan growth, loan yield, deposit cost, and net interest margin, as net interest income accounts for 67% of our net revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income) for 2009. Noninterest income for 2009 includes a pre-tax gain of $67 million related to the Affinity acquisition; when this gain is excluded, net interest income represents 85% of our net revenues for 2009.
We have completed 21 business acquisitions since the Company's inception in 1999, including two FDIC-assisted transactions during the last two years. These acquisitions affect the comparability of our reported financial information as the operating results of the acquired entities are included in our operating results only from their respective acquisition dates. For further information on our acquisitions, see Notes 3 and 4 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statement and Supplementary Data."
39
Affinity Acquisition
On August 28, 2009, Pacific Western Bank acquired substantially all of the assets of Affinity, including all loans, and assumed substantially all of its liabilities, including the insured and uninsured deposits and excluding certain brokered deposits from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") in an FDIC-assisted transaction (the "Affinity acquisition"). Pursuant to the terms of a purchase and assumption agreement and based on the closing with the FDIC as of August 28, 2009, Pacific Western (a) acquired $675.6 million in loans, $22.9 million in foreclosed assets, $175.4 million in investments and $371.5 million in cash and other assets, and (b) assumed $868.2 million in deposits, $305.8 million in borrowings, and $32.6 million in other liabilities. In connection with the Affinity acquisition, the FDIC made a cash payment to Pacific Western of $87.2 million. We entered into a loss sharing agreement with the FDIC, whereby the FDIC will cover a substantial portion of any future losses on loans, other real estate owned and certain investment securities. We refer to the acquired assets subject to the loss sharing agreement collectively as "covered assets." Under the terms of such loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the first $234 million of losses on the covered assets and absorb 95% of losses and receive 95% of loss recoveries on covered assets exceeding $234 million. The loss sharing agreement is in effect for 5 years for commercial assets (non-residential loans, OREO and certain securities) and 10 years for residential loans from the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. The loss recovery provisions are in effect for 8 years for commercial assets and 10 years for residential loans from the acquisition date.
The acquisition of Affinity's net assets constitutes a business acquisition as defined by the Business Combinations topic. Accordingly the acquired assets, including the FDIC loss sharing asset and identifiable intangible asset, and the assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. Such fair values are preliminary estimates and are subject to adjustment for up to one year after the acquisition date. The application of the acquisition method of accounting resulted in a gain of $67.0 million ($38.9 million after-tax). Such gain represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired over the estimated fair value of the liabilities assumed. See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information regarding the acquisition.
February 2010 Non-Covered Loan Sale
On February 23, 2010, the Bank sold 61 non-covered adversely classified loans totaling $323.6 million to an institutional buyer for $200.6 million in cash. The difference between the amount of the loans sold and the cash selling price of $123.0 million was charged to the allowance for loan losses at the time of the sale. Such charge-off was offset by $51.6 million in allowance previously allocated to the loans sold at December 31, 2009. The sale was on a servicing-released basis and without recourse to Pacific Western Bank. All loans sold were legacy Pacific Western Bank loans and none were "covered loans" acquired in the Affinity Bank acquisition. The loans sold included $110.5 million in nonaccrual loans and $105.1 million in restructured loans. The loan sale was intended to reduce non-covered loan concentrations and improve credit quality measures.
Actual and unaudited pro forma credit-related financial information as of December 31, 2009 is shown below. The pro forma amounts reflect the sale of the adversely classified loans as of year-end 2009. The amounts shown in the following tables under the columns headed "Loans Sold" represent the balances of the loans on December 31, 2009; the balances of such loans on the date sold totaled
40
$323.6 million. The following table shows our non-covered loan portfolio concentration as of December 31, 2009 and on a pro forma basis giving effect to the loan sale.
|
At December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | Loans Sold | Pro Forma | |||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||
Commercial |
$ | 815,527 | $ | (9,948 | ) | $ | 805,579 | |||||
Real estateconstruction |
440,286 | (143,955 | ) | 296,331 | ||||||||
Commercial real estatemortgage |
2,425,328 | (171,931 | ) | 2,253,397 | ||||||||
Consumer |
32,241 | | 32,241 | |||||||||
Total non-covered loans |
3,713,382 | (325,834 | ) | 3,387,548 | ||||||||
Unearned income, net |
(5,999 | ) | 825 | (5,174 | ) | |||||||
Total non-covered loans, net of unearned income, net |
$ | 3,707,383 | $ | (325,009 | ) | $ | 3,382,374 | |||||
The following table shows our non-covered nonperforming assets, non-covered restructured loans, and credit quality data as of December 31, 2009 and on a pro forma basis giving effect to the loan sale.
|
At December 31, 2009 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | Loan Sale | Pro Forma | |||||||
|
(In thousands) |
|||||||||
Nonaccrual loans |
$ | 240,167 | $ | (110,536 | ) | $ | 129,631 | |||
Other real estate owned |
43,255 | | 43,255 | |||||||
Total nonperforming assets |
$ | 283,422 | $ | (110,536 | ) | $ | 172,886 | |||
Non-covered nonaccrual loans to total non-covered loans, net of unearned income |
6.48 | % | 3.83 | % | ||||||
Nonperforming assets to total loans and other real estate owned |
7.56 | % | 5.05 | % | ||||||
Non-covered restructured loans |
$ | 181,454 | $ | (105,114 | ) | $ | 76,340 | |||
The following table shows the effect of the February 2010 loan sale on nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2009 and on a pro forma giving effect to the loan sale.
|
Non-Covered Nonaccrual Loans | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
At December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
Loan category
|
Actual | Loan Sale | Pro Forma | ||||||||
|
(In thousands) |
||||||||||
SBA 504 |
$ | 22,849 | $ | (9,137 | ) | $ | 13,712 | ||||
SBA 7(a) and Express |
12,026 | | 12,026 | ||||||||
Residential construction |
17,018 | (10,636 | ) | 6,382 | |||||||
Commercial real estate |
88,483 | (40,254 | ) | 48,229 | |||||||
Commercial construction |
26,394 | (19,017 | ) | 7,377 | |||||||
Commercial |
6,052 | | 6,052 | ||||||||
Commercial land |
9,113 | (5,240 | ) | 3,873 | |||||||
Residential other |
19,127 | (17,660 | ) | 1,467 | |||||||
Residential land |
37,104 | (8,592 | ) | 28,512 | |||||||
Residential multifamily |
1,281 | | 1,281 | ||||||||
Other, including foreign |
720 | | 720 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 240,167 | $ | (110,536 | ) | $ | 129,631 | ||||
41
The details of the construction loan portfolio as of December 31, 2009 and on a pro forma basis giving effect to the loan sale follow:
|
At December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | Loans Sold | Pro Forma | ||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Commercial construction: |
|||||||||||||
100% owner occupied |
$ | 20,086 | $ | (6,756 | ) | $ | 13,330 | ||||||
Industrial/warehouse |
67,915 | (8,436 | ) | 59,479 | |||||||||
Office building |
37,300 | (32,706 | ) | 4,594 | |||||||||
Retail |
49,573 | (24,140 | ) | 25,433 | |||||||||
Land acquisition |
38,905 | (6,775 | ) | 32,130 | |||||||||
Unimproved commercial land |
25,709 | | 25,709 | ||||||||||
Other |
28,860 | (4,459 | ) | 24,401 | |||||||||
Total commercial construction |
268,348 | (83,272 | ) | 185,076 | |||||||||
Residential construction: |
|||||||||||||
Land acquisition and development |
$ | 52,458 | $ | (26,950 | ) | $ | 25,508 | ||||||
Nonowner-occupied single family |
30,103 | (9,925 | ) | 20,178 | |||||||||
Unimproved residential land |
39,003 | | 39,003 | ||||||||||
Multifamily |
38,825 | (20,690 | ) | 18,135 | |||||||||
Owner occupied |
11,549 | (3,118 | ) | 8,431 | |||||||||
Total residential construction |
171,938 | (60,683 | ) | 111,255 | |||||||||
Total construction |
$ | 440,286 | $ | (143,955 | ) | $ | 296,331 | ||||||
Our largest non-covered loan portfolio concentration is the real estate mortgage category, which includes loans secured by commercial and residential real estate. The loans sold reduce our non-covered real estate mortgage loan portfolio as indicated in the following table.
|
At December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | Loans Sold | Pro Forma | ||||||||||
|
(In thousands) |
||||||||||||
Commercial real estate mortgage: |
|||||||||||||
Owner-occupied |
$ | 377,057 | $ | (12,392 | ) | $ | 364,665 | ||||||
Retail |
479,370 | (32,088 | ) | 447,282 | |||||||||
Office buildings |
343,746 | | 343,746 | ||||||||||
Industrial/warehouse |
356,227 | | 356,227 | ||||||||||
Hotels and other hospitality |
257,489 | (57,986 | ) | 199,503 | |||||||||
Other |
381,167 | (16,516 | ) | 364,651 | |||||||||
Total commercial real estate mortgage |
2,195,056 | (118,982 | ) | 2,076,074 | |||||||||
Residential real estate mortgage: |
|||||||||||||
Multi-family |
105,276 | (25,216 | ) | 80,060 | |||||||||
Single family owner-occupied |
84,591 | (9,667 | ) | 74,924 | |||||||||
Single family nonowner-occupied |
40,405 | (18,066 | ) | 22,339 | |||||||||
Total residential real estate mortgage |
230,272 | (52,949 | ) | 177,323 | |||||||||
Total real estate mortgage |
$ | 2,425,328 | $ | (171,931 | ) | $ | 2,253,397 | ||||||
42
Among other factors, our operating results depend generally on the following:
The Level of Our Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the excess of interest earned on our interest-earning assets over the interest paid on our interest-bearing liabilities. The low market interest rate environment that continued during 2009 compressed our net interest margin. Our balance sheet structure resulted in the yield on our earning assets decreasing more rapidly and significantly than the cost of our funding sources during 2009. A sustained low interest rate environment combined with tight marketplace liquidity and low loan growth may further lower both our net interest income and net interest margin going forward. Our primary interest-earning asset is loans. Our primary interest-bearing liabilities include deposits, borrowings, and subordinated debentures. We attribute our high net interest margin to our loan-to-deposit ratio which was well over 100% for the last 4 years and a high level of noninterest-bearing deposits. While our deposit balances will fluctuate depending on deposit holders' perceptions of alternative yields available in the market, we attempt to minimize these variances by attracting a high percentage of noninterest-bearing deposits, which have no expectation of yield. At December 31, 2009, approximately 32% of our total deposits were noninterest-bearing. The disruptions in the financial credit and liquidity markets have resulted in increased competition from financial institutions seeking to maintain liquidity. In addition to deposits, we have borrowing capacity under various credit lines which we use for liquidity needs such as funding loan demand, managing deposit flows and interim acquisition financing. This borrowing capacity is relatively flexible and has become one of the least expensive sources of funds. However, our borrowing lines are considered a secondary source of liquidity as we serve our local markets and customers with our deposit products.
Loan Growth
We generally seek new lending opportunities in the $500,000 to $10 million range, try to limit loan maturities for commercial loans to one year, for construction loans up to 18 months, and for commercial real estate loans up to ten years, and to price lending products so as to preserve our interest spread and net interest margin. We sometimes encounter strong competition in pursuing lending opportunities such that potential borrowers obtain loans elsewhere at lower rates than those we offer. We have continued to reduce our exposure to residential construction and foreign loans, including limiting the amount of new loans in these categories. Our ability to make new loans is dependent on economic factors in our market area, borrower qualifications, competition, and liquidity, among other items. Considering the current state of the economy in Southern California and the competition among banks for liquidity, loan growth was not a focus area for us in 2009 and we expect the same for 2010.
The February 2010 loan sale reduced non-covered loans by $323.6 million. This reduction, coupled with the expected decline in covered loans, may result in negative loan growth in 2010.
The Magnitude of Credit Losses
We stress credit quality in originating and monitoring the loans we make and measure our success by the levels of our nonperforming assets, net charge-offs and allowance for credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses is the sum of our allowance for loan losses and our reserve for unfunded loan commitments and relates only to our non-covered loans. Provisions for credit losses are charged to operations as and when needed for both on and off balance sheet credit exposure. Loans which are deemed uncollectible are charged off and deducted from the allowance for loan losses. Recoveries on loans previously charged off are added to the allowance for loan losses. During the year ended December 31, 2009, we made a provision for credit losses totaling $159.9 million composed of
43
$141.9 million on non-covered loans and $18.0 million on covered loans. The provision for credit losses on the non-covered portfolio resulted from elevated levels of classified and non-accrual loans and net charge-offs, usage trends of unfunded loan commitments, general market conditions, and portfolio risk concentrations. The provision for credit losses on the covered loan portfolio reflects an increase in the covered loan allowance for credit losses resulting from credit deterioration since the acquisition date.
We regularly review our loans to determine whether there has been any deterioration in credit quality stemming from economic conditions or other factors which may affect collectibility of our loans. Changes in economic conditions, such as inflation, unemployment, increases in the general level of interest rates, declines in real estate values and negative conditions in borrowers' businesses, could negatively impact our customers and cause us to adversely classify loans and increase portfolio loss factors. An increase in classified loans generally results in increased provisions for credit losses. Any deterioration in the real estate market may lead to increased provisions for credit losses because of our concentration in real estate loans.
The Level of Our Noninterest Expense
Our noninterest expense includes fixed and controllable overhead, the major components of which are compensation, occupancy, data processing, other professional service fees and communications expense. We measure success in controlling such costs through monitoring of the efficiency ratio. We calculate the efficiency ratio by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. Accordingly, a lower percentage reflects lower expenses relative to income. The consolidated efficiency ratios have been as follows:
Quarterly Period in 2009
|
Ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
First |
71.0 | % | ||
Second |
85.5 | % | ||
Third |
37.1 | % | ||
Fourth |
53.7 | % |
The decrease in the efficiency ratio for the third quarter of 2009 was due mostly to the $67.0 million gain from the Affinity acquisition which reduced the efficiency ratio by 4,153 basis points from 78.7% to 37.1%. The $16.3 million increase in the FDIC loss sharing asset in the fourth quarter reduced the efficiency ratio 1,292 basis points from 66.6% to 53.7%. Noninterest expense also includes write downs and holding costs on other real estate owned (OREO), net of gains and operating income during the holding period. The magnitude of our quarterly net OREO costs has also increased our efficiency ratios.
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions based upon historical experience and various other factors and circumstances. We believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable; however, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions which could have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and on our results of operations for the reporting periods.
Our significant accounting policies and practices are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." The
44
accounting policies that involve significant estimates and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities, are considered critical accounting policies. We have identified our policies for the allowances for credit losses, the carrying values of intangible assets, and deferred income tax assets as critical accounting policies.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Non-Covered Loans
The allowance for credit losses on non-covered loans is the combination of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. The allowance for credit losses on non-covered loans relates only to loans which are not subject to the loss-sharing agreement with the FDIC. The allowance for loan losses is reported as a reduction of outstanding loan balances and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included within other liabilities. Generally, as loans are funded, the amount of the commitment reserve applicable to such funded loans is transferred from the reserve for unfunded loan commitments to the allowance for loan losses based on our reserving methodology. At December 31, 2009, the allowance for credit losses on non-covered loans totaled $124.3 million and was comprised of the allowance for loan losses of $118.7 million and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $5.6 million. The following discussion is for non-covered loans and the allowance for credit losses thereon. Refer to "Allowance for Credit Losses on Covered Loans" for the policy on covered loans.
Both the provision for credit losses and the allowance for credit losses increased substantially from the amounts recognized in 2008. Such increase was due to the high level of charge-offs taken in 2009 which increased the loss factors applied to pools of loans and elevated levels of adversely classified loans, including nonaccrual loans, which caused increases in allowance allocations to such higher-risk portfolio segments.
An allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to adequately provide for known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio and other extensions of credit at the balance sheet date. The allowance is based upon a continuing review of the portfolio, past loan loss experience, current economic conditions which may affect the borrowers' ability to pay, and the underlying collateral value of the loans. Loans which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off and deducted from the allowance. The provision for loan losses and recoveries on loans previously charged off are added to the allowance.
The methodology we use to estimate the amount of our allowance for credit losses is based on both objective and subjective criteria. While some criteria are formula driven, other criteria are subjective inputs included to capture environmental and general economic risk elements which may trigger losses in the loan portfolio, and to account for the varying levels of credit quality in the loan portfolios of the entities we have acquired that have not yet been captured in our objective loss factors.
Specifically, our allowance methodology contains four elements: (a) amounts based on specific evaluations of impaired loans; (b) amounts of estimated losses on several pools of loans categorized by type; (c) amounts of estimated losses for loans adversely classified based on our loan review process; and (d) amounts for environmental and general economic factors that indicate probable losses were incurred but were not captured through the other elements of our allowance process.
Impaired loans are identified at each reporting date based on certain criteria and individually reviewed for impairment. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. We measure impairment of a loan based upon the fair value of the loan's collateral if the loan is collateral dependent or the present value of cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, if the loan is not collateralized. The impairment amount on a collateralized loan is charged-off to the allowance and the impairment amount on a noncollateralized loan is set up as a specific reserve. Increased charge-offs generally result in increased provisions for credit losses.
45
Our loan portfolio, excluding impaired loans which are evaluated individually, is categorized into several pools for purposes of determining allowance amounts by loan pool. The loan pools we currently evaluate are: commercial real estate construction, residential real estate construction, SBA real estate, hospitality real estate, real estate other, commercial collateralized, commercial unsecured, SBA commercial, consumer, foreign, asset-based, and factoring. Within these loan pools, we then evaluate loans not adversely classified, which we refer to as "pass" credits, separately from adversely classified loans. The adversely classified loans are further grouped into three credit risk rating categories: special mention, substandard and doubtful. The allowance amounts for pass rated loans and those loans adversely classified, which are not reviewed individually, are determined using historical loss rates developed through migration analysis. The migration analysis is updated quarterly based on historic losses and movement of loans between ratings. As a result of this migration analysis and its quarterly updating, the increases we experienced in both chargeoffs and adverse classifications resulted in increased loss factors. In addition, beginning with the third quarter of 2008, we shortened the allowance methodology's accumulated net charge-off look-back data from 32 quarters to 16 quarters to allow greater emphasis on current charge-off activity. Such shortening also increased the loss factors.
Finally, in order to ensure our allowance methodology is incorporating recent trends and economic conditions, we apply environmental and general economic factors to our allowance methodology including: credit concentrations; delinquency trends; economic and business conditions; external factors such as fuel and building materials prices, the effects of adverse weather and hostilities; the quality of lending management and staff; lending policies and procedures; loss and recovery trends; nature and volume of the portfolio; nonaccrual and problem loan trends; usage trends of unfunded commitments; quality of loan review; and other adjustments for items not covered by other factors.
We recognize the determination of the allowance for loan losses is sensitive to the assigned credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates at any given point in time. Therefore, we perform sensitivity analyses to provide insight regarding the impact adverse changes in credit risk ratings may have on our allowance for loan losses. The sensitivity analyses has inherent limitations and is based on various assumptions as of a point in time and, accordingly, it is not necessarily representative of the impact loan risk rating changes may have on the allowance for loan losses. At December 31, 2009, in the event that 1% of our non-covered loans were downgraded one credit risk rating category for each category (e.g., 1% of the "pass" category moved to the "special mention" category, 1% of the "special mention" category moved to "substandard" category, and 1% of the "substandard" category moved to the "doubtful" category within our current allowance methodology), the allowance for loan losses would have increased by approximately $3.4 million. In the event that 5% of our non-covered loans were downgraded one credit risk category, the allowance for loan losses would increase by approximately $16.9 million. Given current processes employed by the Company, management believes the credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates currently assigned are appropriate. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach different conclusions that could be significant to the Company's financial statements. In addition, current credit risk ratings are subject to change as we continue to review loans within our portfolio and as our borrowers are impacted by economic trends within their market areas.
Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate and appropriate for the known and inherent risks in our non-covered loan portfolio. In making its evaluation, management considers certain quantitative and qualitative factors including the Company's historical loss experience, the volume and type of lending conducted by the Company, the results of our credit review process, the amounts of classified, criticized and nonperforming assets, regulatory policies, general economic conditions, underlying collateral values, and other factors regarding collectibility and impairment. To the extent we experience, for example, increased levels of documentation deficiencies, adverse changes in collateral values, or negative changes in economic and business conditions which adversely affect our
46
borrowers, our classified loans may increase. Higher levels of classified loans generally result in higher allowances for loan losses.
Although we have established an allowance for loan losses that we consider adequate, there can be no assurance that the established allowance for loan losses will be sufficient to offset losses on loans in the future. Management also believes that the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is adequate. In making this determination, we use the same methodology for the reserve for unfunded loan commitments as we do for the allowance for loan losses and consider the same quantitative and qualitative factors, as well as an estimate of the probability of advances of the commitments correlated to their credit risk rating.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Covered Loans
The loans acquired in the Affinity acquisition are covered by a loss sharing agreement with the FDIC and we will be reimbursed for a substantial portion of any future losses. Under the terms of such loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the first $234 million of losses on covered assets and absorb 95% of losses and receive 95% of loss recoveries on covered assets exceeding $234 million. The loss sharing agreement is in effect for 5 years for commercial assets (non-residential loans, OREO and certain securities) and 10 years for residential loans from the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. The loss recovery provisions are in effect for 8 years for commercial assets and 10 years for residential loans from the acquisition date.
We evaluated the acquired covered loans and have elected to account for them under ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality ("ASC 310-30").
The covered loans acquired in the Affinity transaction are subject to our internal and external credit review. If and when credit deterioration occurs subsequent to the August 28, 2009 acquisition date, a provision for credit losses for covered loans will be charged to earnings for the full amount without regard to the FDIC loss sharing agreement. Under the accounting guidance of ASC 310-30 for acquired loans, the allowance for loan losses on covered loans is measured at each financial reporting date, or measurement date, based on expected cash flows. Accordingly, decreases in expected cash flows on the acquired covered loans as of the measurement date compared to those originally estimated are recognized by recording a provision for credit losses on covered loans. The portion of the loss on covered loans reimbursable from the FDIC is recorded in noninterest income and increases the FDIC loss sharing asset. Please see "Financial ConditionAllowance for Credit Losses on Covered Loans" and Notes 1(h), 6 and 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for more information.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and intangible assets arise from purchase business combinations. The goodwill previously recorded had been assigned to our one reporting unit, banking. Goodwill and other intangible assets generated from purchase business combinations and deemed to have indefinite lives are not subject to amortization and are instead tested for impairment at least annually. Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles arising from acquisitions are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of up to 10 years.
In the latter half of 2007, we saw the beginnings of the volatility in the banking industry and the effect such volatility was having on banking companies and the price of banking stocks including PacWest's stock. At December 31, 2007, the Company's market capitalization was $19.1 million less than our total stockholders' equity, providing an indication that goodwill may be impaired at that date. Based on an independent valuation we concluded there was no goodwill impairment at December 31, 2007. The decline in our market capitalization continued in 2008, such that during both the first and second quarters we engaged an independent valuation consultant to assist us in determining whether
47
and to what extent our goodwill asset was impaired. Based on these analyses, we wrote-off $275.0 million of goodwill in the first quarter of 2008 and the remaining $486.7 million of our goodwill in the second quarter of 2008. Such charges had no effect on the Company's or the Bank's cash balances or liquidity. In addition, because goodwill and other intangible assets are not included in the calculation of regulatory capital, the Company's and the Bank's well-capitalized regulatory ratios were not affected by this non-cash expense.
Our other intangible assets are core deposit and customer relationship intangibles. The establishment and subsequent amortization of these intangible assets requires several assumptions including, among other things, the estimated cost to service deposits acquired, discount rates, estimated attrition rates and useful lives. We assess these intangible assets for impairment quarterly. If the value of the core deposit intangible or the customer relationship intangible is determined to be less than the carrying value in future periods, a writedown would be taken through a charge to our earnings. The most significant element in evaluation of these intangibles is the attrition rate of the acquired deposits or loan relationships. If such attrition rate were to accelerate from that which we expected, the intangible may have to be reduced by a charge to earnings. The attrition rate related to deposit flows or loan flows is influenced by many factors, the most significant of which are alternative yields for loans and deposits available to customers and the level of competition from other financial institutions and financial services companies.
Deferred Income Tax Assets
Our deferred income tax assets arise mainly from differences in the dates that items of income and expense enter into our reported income and taxable income and to a smaller extent net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are established for these items as they arise based on our judgments that they are realizable. From an accounting standpoint, we determine whether a deferred tax asset is realizable based on the historical level of our taxable income and estimates of our future taxable income. In most cases, the realization of the deferred tax asset is based on our future profitability. If we were to experience either reduced profitability or operating losses in a future period, the realization of our deferred tax assets would be questionable. In such an instance, we could be required to record a valuation reserve on our deferred tax assets by charging earnings.
The discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains non-GAAP financial disclosures for tangible capital. The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company's operational performance and to enhance investors' overall understanding of such financial performance. Tangible common equity is a non-GAAP financial measure used by investors, analysts, and bank regulatory agencies. Tangible common equity includes total equity, less any preferred equity, goodwill and intangible assets. The methodology of determining tangible common equity may differ among companies. Management reviews tangible common equity along with other measures of capital adequacy on a regular basis and has included this non-GAAP financial information, and the corresponding reconciliation to total equity, because of current interest in such information on the part of market participants.
These non-GAAP financial measures are presented for supplemental informational purposes only for understanding the Company's financial condition and operating results and should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The following table presents performance ratios in accordance with GAAP and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measurements to the GAAP financial measurements.
48
Non-GAAP Measurements (Unaudited)
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In thousands, except per share data and percentages
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
End of period assets |
$ | 5,324,079 | $ | 4,495,502 | $ | 5,179,040 | |||||
Intangibles |
33,296 | 39,922 | 805,775 | ||||||||
End of period tangible assets |
$ | 5,290,783 | $ | 4,455,580 | $ | 4,373,265 | |||||
End of period equity |
$ |
506,773 |
$ |
375,726 |
$ |
1,138,352 |
|||||
Intangibles |
33,296 | 39,922 | 805,775 | ||||||||
End of period tangible equity |
$ | 473,477 | $ | 335,804 | $ | 332,577 | |||||
Equity to assets ratio |
9.52 |
% |
8.36 |
% |
21.98 |
% |
|||||
Tangible common equity ratio |
8.95 | % | 7.54 | % | 7.60 | % | |||||
Pacific Western Bank |
|||||||||||
End of period assets |
$ | 5,313,750 | $ | 4,488,680 | $ | 5,170,241 | |||||
Intangibles |
33,296 | 39,922 | 805,775 | ||||||||
End of period tangible assets |
$ | 5,280,454 | $ | 4,448,758 | $ | 4,364,466 | |||||
End of period equity |
$ |
585,940 |
$ |
494,858 |
$ |
1,312,873 |
|||||
Intangibles |
33,296 | 39,922 | 805,775 | ||||||||
End of period tangible equity |
$ | 552,644 | $ | 454,936 | $ | 507,098 | |||||
Equity-to-assets |
11.03 |
% |
11.02 |
% |
25.39 |
% |
|||||
Tangible common equity ratio |
10.47 | % | 10.23 | % | 11.62 | % | |||||
Acquisitions Impact Earnings Performance
The comparability of financial information is affected by our acquisitions. Our results include the operations of acquired entities from the dates of acquisition. BFI ($123 million in assets) was acquired in June 2007, Security Pacific Bank deposits ($441 million in assets) were acquired in November 2008 and Affinity Bank ($1.2 billion in assets) was acquired in August 2009.
49
Quarterly Results
The following table sets forth our unaudited, quarterly results for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. Comparison of quarterly results may not be meaningful due to acquisitions. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for further information.
|
For the Quarters Ended | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2009 |
September 30, 2009 |
June 30, 2009 |
March 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
||||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 75,569 | $ | 67,510 | $ | 63,341 | $ | 63,454 | |||||||
Interest expense |
13,242 | 13,273 | 12,632 | 14,681 | |||||||||||
Net interest income |
62,327 | 54,237 | 50,709 | 48,773 | |||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
52,900 | 75,000 | 18,000 | 14,000 | |||||||||||
Net interest income (expense) after provision for credit losses |
9,427 | (20,763 | ) | 32,709 | 34,773 | ||||||||||
Increase in FDIC loss sharing asset |
16,314 | | | | |||||||||||
Gain from Affinity acquisition |
| 66,989 | | | |||||||||||
Noninterest income |
5,514 | 5,636 | 5,373 | 6,081 | |||||||||||
Noninterest expense |
45,213 | 47,091 | 47,931 | 38,969 | |||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
6,178 | (2,046 | ) | 4,109 | (440 | ) | |||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
$ | (7,780 | ) | $ | 2,725 | $ | (5,740 | ) | $ | 1,445 | |||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | 0.04 | |||||
Diluted |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | 0.04 | |||||
Dividends per common share declared and paid |
$ | 0.01 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.32 | |||||||
Common stock price range: |
|||||||||||||||
High |
$ | 21.19 | $ | 21.42 | $ | 19.82 | $ | 27.09 | |||||||
Low |
$ | 15.43 | $ | 11.66 | $ | 11.64 | $ | 9.36 |
|
For the Quarters Ended | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2008 |
September 30, 2008 |
June 30, 2008 |
March 31, 2008 |
|||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
||||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 68,465 | $ | 70,544 | $ | 71,422 | $ | 77,397 | |||||||
Interest expense |
17,740 | 15,569 | 15,650 | 19,537 | |||||||||||
Net interest income |
50,725 | 54,975 | 55,772 | 57,860 | |||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
8,800 | 7,500 | 3,500 | 26,000 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |
41,925 | 47,475 | 52,272 | 31,860 | |||||||||||
Noninterest income |
6,542 | 6,052 | 5,364 | 6,469 | |||||||||||
Noninterest expense |
33,819 | 37,857 | 524,047 | 310,212 | |||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(5,027 | ) | (6,119 | ) | (8,103 | ) | (840 | ) | |||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
$ | 9,621 | $ | 9,551 | $ | (474,514 | ) | $ | (272,723 | ) | |||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.34 | $ | 0.35 | $ | (17.47 | ) | $ | (10.05 | ) | |||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.34 | $ | 0.35 | $ | (17.47 | ) | $ | (10.05 | ) | |||||
Dividends per common share declared and paid |
$ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 | |||||||
Common stock price range: |
|||||||||||||||
High |
$ | 32.54 | $ | 40.00 | $ | 28.88 | $ | 41.65 | |||||||
Low |
$ | 18.10 | $ | 11.30 | $ | 14.85 | $ | 24.16 |
50
Fourth quarter of 2009 compared to third quarter of 2009
Net interest income was $62.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2009 compared to $54.2 million for the third quarter. The $8.1 million increase is largely from interest income on higher average loan and investment balances from the Affinity aquisition. Interest expense declined $31,000 during the fourth quarter as time deposit expense declined $753,000 due mostly to lower offering rates while interest expense on demand, money market and savings increased $474,000 due mostly to higher average balances. Interest expense on borrowings and subordinated debentures increased $248,000 due mainly to higher average balances.
Our net interest margin for the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4.79%, an increase of 6 basis points when compared to the third quarter of 2009 net interest margin of 4.73%. The yield on average loans was 6.29% for the fourth quarter of 2009 compared to 6.20% for the third quarter. Net reversals of interest income on nonaccrual loans negatively impacted the fourth quarter's net interest margin by 7 basis points and loan yield by 8 basis points.
Deposit pricing and improved deposit mix led to a 25 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 1.06% for the fourth quarter and a 13 basis point decrease in our all-in deposit cost to 0.72%. Our relatively low cost of deposits is driven by demand deposit balances, which averaged 32% of average total deposits during the fourth quarter of 2009. Average core deposits increased $267.1 million for the linked quarters. The overall cost of interest-bearing liabilities was 1.44% for the fourth quarter of 2009, down 28 basis points from the third quarter due mostly to lower time deposit costs.
The fourth quarter provision for credit losses totaled $52.9 million and is composed of $34.9 million on the non-covered loan portfolio and $18.0 million on the covered loan portfolio. The provision on the legacy portfolio is generated by our methodology and reflects the levels of net charge-offs and adversely classified loans. The provision on the covered loan portfolio results from credit deterioration on covered loans since the Affinity acquisition date and is based on a decrease in expected cash flows.
Noninterest income for the fourth quarter of 2009 totaled $21.8 million compared to $72.6 million in the third quarter of 2009. During the third quarter of 2009, the Company recorded a $67.0 million gain from the Affinity acquisition; there was no such gain in the fourth quarter. Fourth quarter noninterest income includes $16.3 million from an increase in the FDIC loss sharing asset due to credit deterioration on covered loans and OREO subsequent to the acquisition date. Such income mostly represents the FDIC's share of the current period's credit loss provision on covered loans and writedowns on covered OREO under the terms of the loss sharing agreement.
Noninterest expense decreased $1.9 million to $45.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2009 compared to the prior quarter. Such decrease is due mostly to the combination of lower OREO costs of $3.1 million and a full quarter's costs from the acquired Affinity Bank operations. Fourth quarter OREO costs totaled $5.0 million, including $4.1 million for write-downs and loss provisions, compared to third quarter OREO costs of $8.1 million which included $6.2 million in write-downs and loss provisions. The remainder of the OREO costs relates mostly to holding costs. Fourth quarter noninterest expense includes a $481,000 penalty related to the early repayment of $85.0 million in acquired FHLB advances; there was no similar item in the third quarter.
Noninterest expense includes amortization of time-based and performance-based restricted stock, which is included in compensation, and intangible asset amortization. Amortization of restricted stock totaled $1.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2009 and $2.2 million for the third quarter of 2009. Intangible asset amortization totaled $2.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2009 and $2.6 million for the third quarter of 2009.
51
The effective tax rate for the fourth quarter of 2009 was 44.3% compared to 42.9% for the third quarter of 2009 with the increase due to changes in estimates for certain non-deductible expenses. The Company's blended Federal and State statutory rate is 42.0%.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, which is our principal source of income, represents the difference between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities. Net interest margin is net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the distribution of average assets, liabilities and stockholders' equity, as well as interest income and yields earned on average interest-earning assets and interest expense and rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities.
Analysis of Average Balances, Yields and Rates
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense | Yields and Rates | Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense | Yields and Rates | Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense | Yields and Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs(1)(2) |
$ | 4,111,379 | $ | 258,499 | 6.29 | % | $ | 3,958,963 | $ | 280,408 | 7.08 | % | $ | 4,038,990 | $ | 343,617 | 8.51 | % | |||||||||||
Investment securities(2) |
258,160 | 10,969 | 4.25 | % | 142,258 | 7,077 | 4.97 | % | 104,945 | 5,364 | 5.11 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold |
135 | | | 11,064 | 161 | 1.46 | % | 38,924 | 1,979 | 5.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Other earning assets |
144,216 | 406 | 0.28 | % | 26,564 | 182 | 0.69 | % | 461 | 21 | 4.56 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Total interest-earning assets |
4,513,890 | 269,874 | 5.98 | % | 4,138,849 | 287,828 | 6.95 | % | 4,183,320 | 350,981 | 8.39 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Noninterest-earning assets: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
309,827 | 578,463 | 1,043,495 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 4,823,717 | $ | 4,717,312 | $ | 5,226,815 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest checking |
$ | 390,605 | $ | 1,754 | 0.45 | % | $ | 358,308 | $ | 2,915 | 0.81 | % | $ | 328,207 | $ | 2,493 | 0.76 | % | |||||||||||
Money market |
981,901 | 11,767 | 1.20 | % | 1,007,112 | 19,735 | 1.96 | % | 1,117,972 | 33,621 | 3.01 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Savings |
114,933 | 270 | 0.23 | % | 105,938 | 253 | 0.24 | % | 125,549 | 229 | 0.18 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Time certificates of deposit |
874,786 | 18,125 | 2.07 | % | 561,288 | 18,254 | 3.25 | % | 488,158 | 20,128 | 4.12 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing deposits |
2,362,225 | 31,916 | 1.35 | % | 2,032,646 | 41,157 | 2.02 | % | 2,059,886 | 56,471 | 2.74 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Other interest-bearing liabilities |
680,789 | 21,912 | 3.22 | % | 710,793 | 27,339 | 3.85 | % | 505,357 | 29,395 | 5.82 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities |
3,043,014 | 53,828 | 1.77 | % | 2,743,439 | 68,496 | 2.50 | % | 2,565,243 | 85,866 | 3.35 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Demand deposits |
1,245,512 | 1,242,557 | 1,426,904 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
50,043 | 46,270 | 55,801 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
4,338,569 | 4,032,266 | 4,047,948 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity |
485,148 | 685,046 | 1,178,867 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |
$ | 4,823,717 | $ | 4,717,312 | $ | 5,226,815 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 216,046 | $ | 219,332 | $ | 265,115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest spread |
4.21 | % | 4.46 | % | 5.04 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest margin |
4.79 | % | 5.30 | % | 6.34 | % |
Net interest income is affected by changes in both interest rates and the volume of average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is referred to as a "volume change". The changes in the
52
yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on deposits and borrowed funds is referred to as a "rate change." The change in interest income/expense attributable to volume reflects the change in volume multiplied by the prior year's rate and the change in interest income/expense attributable to rate reflects the change in rates multiplied by the prior year's volume. The changes in interest income and expense which are not attributable specifically to either volume or rate are allocated ratably between the two categories. The following table presents, for the years indicated, changes in interest income and expense and the amount of change attributable to changes in volume and rates.
Analysis of Net Interest Income Changes
|
2009 Compared to 2008 | 2008 Compared to 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Increase (Decrease) Due to |
|
Increase (Decrease) Due to |
||||||||||||||||
|
Total Increase (Decrease) |
Total Increase (Decrease) |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | ||||||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income |
$ | (21,909 | ) | $ | 10,486 | $ | (32,395 | ) | $ | (63,209 | ) | $ | (6,688 | ) | $ | (56,521 | ) | |||
Investment securities |
3,892 | 5,052 | (1,160 | ) | 1,713 | 1,860 | (147 | ) | ||||||||||||
Federal funds sold |
(161 | ) | (80 | ) | (81 | ) | (1,818 | ) | (910 | ) | (908 | ) | ||||||||
Other earning assets |
224 | 387 | (163 | ) | 161 | 194 | (33 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total interest income |
(17,954 | ) | 15,845 | (33,799 | ) | (63,153 | ) | (5,544 | ) | (57,609 | ) | |||||||||
Interest checking |
(1,161 | ) | 243 | (1,404 | ) | 422 | 238 | 184 | ||||||||||||
Money market |
(7,968 | ) | (482 | ) | (7,486 | ) | (13,886 | ) | (3,077 | ) | (10,809 | ) | ||||||||
Savings |
17 | 21 | (4 | ) | 24 | (39 | ) | 63 | ||||||||||||
Time deposits |
(129 | ) | 7,953 | (8,082 | ) | (1,874 | ) | 2,751 | (4,625 | ) | ||||||||||
Borrowings and subordinated debentures |
(5,427 | ) | (1,006 | ) | (4,421 | ) | (2,056 | ) | 7,559 | (9,615 | ) | |||||||||
Total interest expense |
(14,668 | ) | 6,729 | (21,397 | ) | (17,370 | ) | 7,432 | (24,802 | ) | ||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | (3,286 | ) | $ | 9,116 | $ | (12,402 | ) | $ | (45,783 | ) | $ | (12,976 | ) | $ | (32,807 | ) | |||
2009 compared to 2008
Our net interest income and net interest margin are driven by the combination of our loan volume, asset yield, high proportion of demand deposit balances to total deposits, and disciplined deposit pricing.
The $3.3 million decrease in net interest income for 2009 compared to 2008 is due mostly to reduced loan interest income offset by lower funding costs. The net interest margin fell 51 basis points year over year to 4.79% for 2009 when compared to 2008. The declines are all driven largely by the lower level of market interest rates.
Loan interest income decreased $21.9 million from lower loan yields as a result of the lower level of market interest rates. Market interest rates declined during 2008 and then remained at historically low levels throughout 2009. Our base lending rate was lowered to 4.00% in December 2008 and remained at this level for 2009. The sustained lower interest rates contributed to our loan yields averaging 6.29% for 2009 compared to 7.08% for 2008. The higher level of nonaccrual loans also lowered loan interest income and loan yields. Of the $21.9 million decline in loan interest income, net reversals of interest income on nonaccrual loans contributed $2.4 million to this decrease; net reversals of interest income on nonaccrual loans reduced loan interest income $4.1 million for 2009 and $1.7 million for 2008. These reversals reduced the net interest margin 9 basis points for 2009 and 4 basis points for 2008.
We reduced interest expense $14.7 million by lowering the rates paid on money market and time deposit products in the lower interest rate environment. The effect of rate reductions on time deposits
53
was offset somewhat by higher average balances from the Security Pacific Bank and Affinity Bank acquisitions. Our overall cost of deposits was 0.88% for 2009 compared to 1.26% for 2008. Demand deposits averaged $1.2 billion for both 2009 and 2008 and represented 35% of total average deposits for 2009 and 38% of total average deposits for 2008. Borrowing costs declined from lower market interest rates and lower average FHLB borrowings.
2008 compared to 2007
The decrease in net interest income and net interest margin in 2008 over 2007 was due primarily to lower loan yields. Our net interest margin trended down during 2008, from a high of 5.58% in the first quarter to a low of 4.77% in the fourth quarter and an overall net interest margin of 5.30% for 2008, a decrease of 104 basis points when compared to 2007.
Interest income decreased $63.2 million due mostly to lower loan yields. Loans yields were 143 basis points lower in 2008 when compared to 2007 due mostly to the effect of the 325 basis point reduction in our base lending rate from January to December of 2008. In response to the market interest rate changes made by the Federal Reserve Bank, or FRB, our base lending rate decreased to 4.00% at December 31, 2008 from 7.25% at December 31, 2007. As a large percentage of our loans are tied to our base lending rate, our overall loan yield declined as we adjusted our base lending rate in line with the general decline in market interest rates. See further discussion of the repricing characteristics of our loan portfolio in Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk". Loan yields also declined due to lower average construction loan balances, higher nonaccrual loans, and the impact of customers' preferring fixed rate loans at the current lower market rates.
Interest expense decreased $17.4 million in 2008 compared to 2007 due to a decrease in the cost of our funding sources as market interest rates declined during 2008. Our overall cost of deposits was 1.26% for 2008 compared to 1.62% for 2007. Demand deposits averaged $1.2 billion during 2008 and $1.4 billion for 2007, which represented 38% of total average deposits for 2008 and 41% of total average deposits for 2007. The cost of our borrowings and subordinated debt decreased to 3.85% for 2008 from 5.82% for 2007. Average other interest-bearing liabilities increased $205.4 million in 2008 compared to 2007 due to deposit outflows.
Provision for Credit Losses
The amount of the provision for credit losses in each year is a charge against earnings in that year. The provisions for credit losses are based on our reserve methodology and reflect our judgments about the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. In determining the amount of the provision, we consider certain quantitative and qualitative factors including our historical loan loss experience, the volume and type of lending we conduct, the results of our credit review process, the level and trends of classified, criticized, past due and nonaccrued loans, regulatory policies, usage trends of unfunded loan committments, portfolio concentrations, general economic conditions, underlying collateral values, off-balance sheet exposures, and other factors regarding collectibility and impairment. To the extent we experience, for example, increased levels of documentation deficiencies, adverse changes in collateral values, or negative changes in economic and business conditions which adversely affect our borrowers, our classified loans may increase. Increases in our classified loans generally result in provisions for credit losses.
We made provisions for credit losses totaling $159.9 million during 2009, $45.8 million during 2008 and $3.0 million during 2007. The 2009 provision for credit losses was composed of a $141.6 million addition to the allowance for loan losses on the non-covered loan portfolio, an $18.0 million addition to the covered loan allowance for credit losses and a $290,000 addition to the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. The 2008 provision for credit losses was composed of a $49.0 million addition to the allowance for loan losses and a $3.2 million reduction to the reserve for unfunded loan commitments.
54
Net non-covered loans charged-off in 2009 increased by $48.4 million to $86.4 million when compared to 2008. Our 2009 charge-offs are higher due to the effect the economic downturn has had on our customers and collateral values underlying our loans. The commercial real estate loan segment of the loan portfolio continues to be under stress from the current economic conditions. A protracted economic down cycle will increase the stress on this portion of the loan portfolio and we may continue to experience increased levels of charge-offs and provisions.
The allowance for credit losses on the non-covered loan portfolio totaled $124.3 million, or 3.35% of non-covered loans, net of unearned income, at December 31, 2009. The allowance for credit losses totaled $68.8 million, or 1.72% of loans, net of unearned income, at the end of 2008. Of these amounts, the allowance for loan losses totaled $118.7 million at December 31, 2009 and $63.5 million at the end of 2008.
The $18.0 million provision for credit losses on the covered portfolio reflects credit deterioration on covered loans subsequent to the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. This provision was based on a year end analysis of acquired loans, which indicated a decrease in expected cash flows compared to those initially estimated. Under the terms of the FDIC loss sharing agreement, the FDIC absorbs 80% of the losses reflected by the provision. As a result, $14.4 million is included in the non-interest income caption "Increase in FDIC loss sharing asset" and represents 80% of the credit loss provision for covered loans.
Increased provisions for credit losses may be required in the future based on loan and unfunded commitment growth, the effect changes in economic conditions, such as inflation, unemployment, market interest rate levels, and real estate values may have on the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, and other negative conditions specific to our borrowers' businesses. See "Critical Accounting Policies," "Financial ConditionAllowance for Credit Losses," and Notes 1(h), 6 and 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
Noninterest Income
The following table sets forth the details of noninterest income for the years indicated. The columns titled "Increase (Decrease)" set forth the year-over-year changes between 2009 and 2008 and between 2008 and 2007.
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | Increase (Decrease) |
2008 | Increase (Decrease) |
2007 | ||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Noninterest income: |
|||||||||||||||||
Service charges on deposit accounts |
$ | 12,008 | $ | (1,006 | ) | $ | 13,014 | $ | 1,441 | $ | 11,573 | ||||||
Other commissions and fees |
6,951 | (326 | ) | 7,277 | 258 | 7,019 | |||||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale of loans, net |
| 303 | (303 | ) | (8,741 | ) | 8,438 | ||||||||||
Loss on sale of securities |
| (81 | ) | 81 | 81 | | |||||||||||
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance |
1,579 | (841 | ) | 2,420 | (69 | ) | 2,489 | ||||||||||
Increase in FDIC loss sharing asset |
16,314 | 16,314 | | | | ||||||||||||
Gain from Affinity acquisition |
66,989 | 66,989 | | | | ||||||||||||
Other income |
2,066 | 128 | 1,938 | (1,463 | ) | 3,401 | |||||||||||
Total noninterest income |
$ | 105,907 | $ | 81,480 | $ | 24,427 | $ | (8,493 | ) | $ | 32,920 | ||||||
55
2009 compared to 2008
Noninterest income increased $81.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $105.9 million from the $24.4 million earned during 2008. The increase is due mostly to the $67.0 million gain from the Affinity acquisition that occurred on August 28, 2009 coupled with the other income of $16.3 million related to the loss-sharing agreement with the FDIC on covered assets. The FDIC absorbs 80% of covered asset losses up to $234 million and 95% of losses over that amount. The $16.3 million income item includes: (a) $14.4 million representing 80% of the credit loss provision for covered loans, (b) $1.5 million representing 80% of the net write-downs and losses since the acquisition date on covered OREO, and (c) $0.4 million for time value accretion of the initial loss sharing asset.
Income from the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (BOLI) policies was lower for 2009 when compared to 2008 due mostly to a lower yield for our life insurance policies, which is in line with lower market interest rates. As of December 31, 2009 we own $21.2 million in separate account BOLI polices and $44.9 million in general account BOLI policies. Our crediting rate, or yield for our life insurance policies, changes quarterly and is determined by the performance of the underlying investments. The income is recognized as an appreciation of the cash surrender value of life insurance policies. It is noncash income and not subject to income tax. The tax-equivalent yield for our life insurance policies was 4.07% during 2009 compared to 6.03% during 2008.
2008 compared to 2007
Noninterest income declined $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 to $24.4 million from the $32.9 million earned during 2007. The decrease in noninterest income resulted largely from lower gain on sale of loans, lower other income and higher deposit service charge income. During 2008, the SBA loan sale operation was suspended due to negative secondary market trends. We recognized net losses of $303,000 on the sale of SBA loans, including net write-downs to loans held for sale when they were transferred to the regular portfolio in 2008. This compares to 2007 net gains of $1.9 million on the sale of SBA loans and a $6.6 million gain related to the sale of a 95% participation interest in certain real estate mortgage loans totaling $353.3 million. The other income category includes gains related to recognizing an unearned discount on the payoff of certain acquired loans; such amounts were $444,000 for 2008 and $2.1 million for 2007. Deposit service fee income increased $1.4 million due mainly to the level of business deposit accounts. When market interest rates are lower business accounts tend to earn less credit towards banking services, and therefore customers pay for services outright resulting in higher fee income.
56
Noninterest Expense
The following table sets forth the details of noninterest expense for the years indicated. The columns titled "Increase (Decrease)" set forth the year-over-year changes between 2009 and 2008 and between 2008 and 2007.
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | Increase (Decrease) |
2008 | Increase (Decrease) |
2007 | ||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Noninterest expense: |
|||||||||||||||||
Compensation |
$ | 78,173 | $ | 5,988 | $ | 72,185 | $ | 745 | $ | 71,440 | |||||||
Occupancy |
21,807 | 1,671 | 20,136 | 980 | 19,156 | ||||||||||||
Furniture and equipment |
4,576 | 181 | 4,395 | (534 | ) | 4,929 | |||||||||||
Data processing |
6,946 | 714 | 6,232 | 225 | 6,007 | ||||||||||||
Other professional services |
6,914 | 374 | 6,540 | 239 | 6,301 | ||||||||||||
Business development |
2,541 | (503 | ) | 3,044 | (1,001 | ) | 4,045 | ||||||||||
Communications |
2,932 | (219 | ) | 3,151 | (126 | ) | 3,277 | ||||||||||
Insurance and assessments |
9,305 | 5,782 | 3,523 | 1,800 | 1,723 | ||||||||||||
Other real estate owned, net |
23,322 | 21,104 | 2,218 | 2,113 | 105 | ||||||||||||
Intangible asset amortization |
9,547 | (73 | ) | 9,620 | (54 | ) | 9,674 | ||||||||||
Reorganization charges |
1,215 | 957 | 258 | (1,473 | ) | 1,731 | |||||||||||
Legal settlement |
| (780 | ) | 780 | 780 | | |||||||||||
Goodwill write-off |
| (761,701 | ) | 761,701 | 761,701 | | |||||||||||
Other |
11,926 | (226 | ) | 12,152 | (1,725 | ) | 13,877 | ||||||||||
Total noninterest expense |
$ | 179,204 | $ | (726,731 | ) | $ | 905,935 | $ | 763,670 | $ | 142,265 | ||||||
2009 compared to 2008
Noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 totaled $179.2 million compared to $905.9 million for the same period in 2008. The $726.7 million decrease is due mostly to the $761.7 million goodwill write-off in 2008. The remaining $35.0 million increase in noninterest expense is due to higher OREO costs of $21.1 million, higher deposit insurance costs of $5.8 million and higher compensation costs of $6.0 million. OREO costs reflect higher levels of writedowns on the portfolio, which totaled $17.8 million, due to the declining real estate market and increased holding costs during the year. The increased deposit insurance costs relate to higher FDIC deposit insurance premiums, including the cost to participate in the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, and the second quarter of 2009 special FDIC deposit insurance assessment of $2.0 million. Compensation costs increased year-over-year due to increased staff levels from our acquisitions and higher compensation expense from restricted stock awards. For acquisitions completed after January 1, 2009, acquisition-related costs, such as legal, accounting, valuation and other professional fees, necessary to effect a business combination, are charged to earnings in the periods in which the costs are incurred. We incurred approximately $950,000 of such costs in 2009, which are included in other professional services fees. Reorganization charges for 2009 of $1.2 million related to a first quarter staff reduction, premises costs for the closing of two banking offices in the second quarter, and additional rent for a discontinued acquired office.
Compensation expense includes $8.2 million for 2009 and $930,000 for 2008 in amortization expense for shares of time-based and performance-based restricted stock awarded to employees. Time-based restricted stock vests either in increments over a three to five year period or at the end of such period. Performance-based restricted stock vests when the Company attains specific long-term financial targets. Beginning with the fourth quarter of 2007, the amortization of certain performance-
57
based restricted stock awards was suspended. During the fourth quarter of 2008 we concluded it was improbable that the financial targets would be met for the performance-based stock awards. Accordingly, we reversed the accumulated amortization on those awards through a credit of $4.5 million to compensation expense. If and when the attainment of such performance targets is deemed probable in future periods, a catch-up adjustment will be recorded and amortization of such performance-based restricted stock will begin again. The total amount of unrecognized compensation expense related to the performance-based restricted stock for which amortization was suspended and reversed totaled $27.7 million.
2008 compared to 2007
Noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 totaled $905.9 million compared to $142.3 million for the same period in 2007. The increase is due largely to the $761.7 million goodwill write-off in 2008.
Compensation costs totaled $72.2 million for 2008 and included the $4.5 million expense reversal related to certain performance-based restricted stock awards. When the performance-based restricted stock amortization adjustment is excluded, compensation costs increased $5.2 million over 2007 due mostly to additional staff from acquisitions and higher discretionary bonus payments. The increase in FDIC insurance costs is due to a combination of insurance credits that were exhausted during 2008, higher assessment rates due to the events in the banking industry, and the SPB deposit acquisition. The increase in OREO costs over 2007 reflects higher costs to workout nonperforming assets, an increase in the volume of foreclosed assets, and deterioration in market values. The decrease in business development relates to a $1.0 million donation made in 2007 that did not reoccur in 2008. The decrease in other expense relates mostly to FHLB prepayment expenses in 2007 that did not reoccur in 2008.
Income Taxes
Effective income tax rates were 45.5%, 2.8% and 40.9% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The difference in the effective tax rates between the annual periods relates mainly to the level of tax credits and tax deductions and the amount of tax exempt income recorded in each of the years. The 2008 effective rate is lowered by the goodwill write-off, the majority of which was not deductible for tax purposes. When the goodwill write-off is excluded, the 2008 effective tax rate is 41.1%. For further information on income taxes, see Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
58
Non-Covered Loans
The following table presents the balance of each major category of non-covered loans at December 31:
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amount | % of Loans |
Amount | % of Loans |
Amounts | % of Loans |
Amount | % of Loans |
Amount | % of Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Category: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial |
$ | 781,003 | 21 | % | $ | 845,410 | 21 | % | $ | 852,279 | 22 | % | $ | 752,817 | 18 | % | $ | 639,393 | 26 | % | ||||||||||||
Real estateconstruction |
440,286 | 12 | 579,884 | 15 | 717,419 | 18 | 939,463 | 22 | 570,080 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estatemortgage |
2,423,712 | 65 | 2,473,089 | 62 | 2,280,963 | 58 | 2,374,010 | 57 | 1,117,030 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumer |
32,138 | 1 | 44,938 | 1 | 49,943 | 1 | 45,984 | 1 | 47,221 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial |
34,524 | 1 | 50,918 | 1 | 56,916 | 1 | 83,359 | 2 | 94,930 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
1,719 | | (a) | 2,245 | | (a) | 1,206 | | (a) | 6,778 | | (a) | 8,320 | | (a) | |||||||||||||||||
Total gross loans |
3,713,382 | 100 | % | 3,996,484 | 100 | % | 3,958,726 | 100 | % | 4,202,411 | 100 | % | 2,476,974 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||
Less unearned income |
(5,999 | ) | (8,593 | ) | (9,508 | ) | (12,868 | ) | (9,146 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans, net of unearned income |
3,707,383 | 3,987,891 | 3,949,218 | 4,189,543 | 2,467,828 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less allowance for loan losses |
(118,717 | ) | (63,519 | ) | (52,557 | ) | (52,908 | ) | (27,303 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net loans |
$ | 3,588,666 | $ | 3,924,372 | $ | 3,896,661 | $ | 4,136,635 | $ | 2,440,525 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans held for sale(b) |
$ | | $ | | $ | 63,565 | $ | 173,319 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Our non-covered foreign loans total $36.2 million and are primarily to individuals and entities located in Mexico. All of our non-covered foreign loans are denominated in U.S. dollars and the majority are collateralized by assets located in the United States or guaranteed or insured by businesses located in the United States. In addition to our outstanding non-covered foreign loans, our non-covered foreign loan commitments totaled $19.9 million at December 31, 2009. We continued to allow our non-covered foreign loan portfolio to repay in the ordinary course of business without making any new privately-insured non-covered foreign loans other than those under existing commitments.
59
The following table presents the details of the non-covered nonowner-occupied residential construction portfolio at December 31, 2009 and 2008:
|
As of December 31, 2009 | As of December 31, 2008 |
|
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of loans | Average loan balance | |
Increase (decrease) |
||||||||||||
Loan Category
|
Balance | Balance | ||||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
Residential land acquisition and development |
16 | $ | 3,279 | $ | 52,458 | $ | 57,308 | $ | (4,850 | ) | ||||||
Residential nonowner-occupied single family |
17 | 1,771 | 30,103 | 94,067 | (63,964 | ) | ||||||||||
Unimproved residential land |
13 | 3,000 | 39,003 | 50,163 | (11,160 | ) | ||||||||||
Residential multifamily |
9 | 4,314 | 38,825 | 32,184 | 6,641 | |||||||||||
|
55 | $ | 2,916 | $ | 160,389 | $ | 233,722 | $ | (73,333 | ) | ||||||
Our largest loan portfolio concentration is the non-covered real estate mortgage category, which includes loans secured by commercial and residential real estate. The following table presents our non-covered real estate mortgage loan portfolio excluding foreign loans at December 31, 2009 and 2008:
|
As of December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loan Category
|
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousand) |
|||||||||
Commercial real estate mortgage |
||||||||||
Owner-occupied |
$ | 377,057 | $ | 376,975 | ||||||
Retail |
479,370 | 453,681 | ||||||||
Office buildings |
343,746 | 361,194 | ||||||||
Industrial/warehouse |
356,227 | 364,278 | ||||||||
Hotels and other hospitality |
257,489 | 288,938 | ||||||||
Other |
379,551 | 393,777 | ||||||||
Total commercial real estate mortgage |
2,193,440 | 2,238,843 | ||||||||
Residential real estate mortgage: |
||||||||||
Multi-family |
105,276 | 107,377 | ||||||||
Single family owner-occupied |
84,591 | 91,532 | ||||||||
Single family nonowner-occupied |
40,405 | 35,337 | ||||||||
Total residential real estate mortgage |
230,272 | 234,246 | ||||||||
Total real estate mortgage |
$ | 2,423,712 | $ | 2,473,089 | ||||||
2009 compared to 2008
During 2009 our gross non-covered loans declined $283.1 million. Real estate construction loans declined $139.6 million, commercial loans declined $80.8 million and real estate mortgage loans declined $49.4 million. We continued to reduce our exposure to nonowner-occupied real estate construction. The real estate construction category at December 31, 2009 includes commercial real estate construction loans totaling $268.3 million compared to $331.7 million at the end of 2008 and residential real estate construction loans totaling $171.9 million at the end of 2009 compared to $248.2 million at December 31, 2008. The majority of our construction loan projects are nonowner-occupied. The non-covered portfolio continues to decline as a result of repayments, foreclosures,
60
charge-offs and the stagnant economy which causes both a low demand for loans and fewer acceptable lending opportunities.
2008 compared to 2007
Gross loans total $4.0 billion at December 31, 2008 and decreased $25.8 million, including loans previously held for sale, during 2008. We transferred our SBA loans previously held for sale into our regular portfolio during the second quarter of 2008 after we suspended our SBA loan sale operations due to the depressed SBA loan sale market. Real estate mortgage loans increased $192.1 million, commercial loans declined $12.9 million, real estate construction loans declined $137.5 million and consumer loans declined $5.0 million. The decrease in real estate construction loan balances during 2008 was planned as we reduced our exposure to residential construction.
Loan Interest Rate Sensitivity
The following table presents contractual maturity and repricing information for the indicated covered and non-covered loans at December 31, 2009:
|
Repricing or Maturing In | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 year or less | Over 1 to 5 years | Over 5 years | Total | ||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||||
Loan Category: |
||||||||||||||
Covered |
$ | 301,395 | $ | 267,966 | $ | 70,325 | $ | 639,686 | ||||||
Non-covered domestic: |
||||||||||||||
Commercial |
493,093 | 225,550 | 62,360 | 781,003 | ||||||||||
Real estate, construction |
394,777 | 45,509 | | 440,286 | ||||||||||
Real estate, mortgage |
452,542 | 930,590 | 1,040,580 | 2,423,712 | ||||||||||
Consumer |
18,510 | 9,586 | 4,042 | 32,138 | ||||||||||
Non-covered foreign |
31,846 | 2,781 | 1,616 | 36,243 | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 1,692,163 | $ | 1,481,982 | $ | 1,178,923 | $ | 4,353,068 | ||||||
The following table presents the interest rate profile of non-covered loans due after one year for the indicated non-covered loan categories at December 31, 2009:
|
Fixed Rate | Floating Rate | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||
Domestic: |
|||||||||||
Commercial |
$ | 119,346 | $ | 168,564 | $ | 287,910 | |||||
Real estate, construction |
24,599 | 20,910 | 45,509 | ||||||||
Real estate, mortgage |
1,319,971 | 651,199 | 1,971,170 | ||||||||
Consumer |
9,161 | 4,467 | 13,628 | ||||||||
Foreign |
3,229 | 1,168 | 4,397 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 1,476,306 | $ | 846,308 | $ | 2,322,614 | |||||
February 2010 Non-covered Loan Sale
On February 23, 2010, the Bank sold 61 non-covered adversely classified loans totaling $323.6 million to an institutional buyer for $200.6 million in cash. The difference between the amount of the loans sold and the cash selling price of $123.0 million was charge to the allowance for loan losses at the time of the sale. Such charge-off was offset by $51.6 million in allowance previously allocated to the loans sold at December 31, 2009. The loans sold included $110.5 million in nonaccrual loans and $105.1 million in restructured loans. The loan sale was intended to reduce non-covered loan
61
concentrations and improve credit quality. For further information about the loan sale, non-covered loan portfolio concentrations and credit quality data as of December 31, 2009 and on a pro forma basis, see Overview, February 2010 Non-Covered Loan Sale contained herein and note 24 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statement and Supplementary Data."
Covered loans
On August 28, 2009, Pacific Western Bank acquired certain assets and liabilities of Affinity Bank from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") in an FDIC-assisted transaction. We entered into a loss sharing agreement with the FDIC, whereby the FDIC will cover a substantial portion of any future losses on loans, other real estate owned and certain investment securities. We refer to the loans acquired in the Affinity acquisition as "covered loans". We refer to the acquired assets subject to the loss sharing agreement collectively as "covered assets." Under the terms of such loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the first $234 million of losses on covered assets and absorb 95% of losses and receive 95% of loss recoveries on covered assets exceeding $234 million. The loss sharing agreement is in effect for 5 years for commercial assets (non-residential loans, OREO and certain securities) and 10 years for residential loans from the August 28, 2009 acquisition date. The loss recovery provisions are in effect for 8 years for commercial assets and 10 years for residential loans from the acquisition date.
At the August 28, 2009 acquisition date, we estimated the fair value of the covered loans to be $675.6 million which represents the expected cash flows from the acquired loans discounted at a market-based rate. In estimating the cash flows we used a model based on assumptions about the amount and timing of principal and interest payments, estimated prepayments, estimated default rates, estimated loss severity in the event of defaults, and current market rates.
The following table reflects the fair value of the acquired loans at August 28, 2009 and the carrying value of such loans at December 31, 2009.
|
August 28, 2009 | December 31, 2009 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||
Commercial and industrial |
$ | 12,187 | $ | 9,026 | ||||||
Healthcare related |
55,130 | 57,263 | ||||||||
Construction: |
||||||||||
Commercial |
26,922 | 24,418 | ||||||||
Residential |
85,097 | 70,721 | ||||||||
Acquisition and development: |
||||||||||
Residential acquisition and development |
33,686 | 10,032 | ||||||||
Multifamily acquisition and development |
12,816 | 2,720 | ||||||||
Commercial real estate |
280,202 | 262,194 | ||||||||
Multifamily |
283,343 | 263,944 | ||||||||
Residential, home equity credit lines and consumer |
24,537 | 24,217 | ||||||||
Total gross loans |
813,920 | 724,535 | ||||||||
Discount |
(138,304 | ) | (84,849 | ) | ||||||
Loans, net of discount |
675,616 | 639,686 | ||||||||
Less allowance for loan losses |
| 18,000 | ||||||||
Covered loans, net |
$ | 675,616 | $ | 621,686 | ||||||
We evaluated the acquired covered loans and have elected to account for such loans under ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorate Credit Quality ("ASC 310-30"). In accordance with ASC 310-30 and in estimating the fair value of the covered loans at the acquisition date, we (a) calculated the contractual amount and timing of undiscounted principal and interest
62
payments (the "undiscounted contractual cash flows") and (b) estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal and interest payments (the "undiscounted expected cash flows"). The difference between the undiscounted contractual cash flows and the undiscounted expected cash flows is the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference totaled $118.8 million at August 28, 2009 and represented an estimate of the undiscounted loss exposure in the Affinity loan portfolio at the acquisition date.
On the acquisition date, the amount by which the undiscounted expected cash flows exceed the estimated fair value of the acquired loans is the "accretable yield". The accretable yield is taken into interest income over the life of the loans using the effective yield method. The accretable yield changes over time due to both accretion and as actual and expected cash flows vary from the acquisition date estimated cash flows. The accretable yield is then measured at each financial reporting date and represents the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flows and the current carrying value of the loans. The remaining undiscounted expected cash flows are calculated at each financial reporting date based on information then currently available. Increases in expected cash flows over those originally estimated increase the accretable yield and are recognized as interest income prospectively. Decreases in expected cash flows compared to those originally estimated decrease the accretable yield and are recognized by recording a provision for loan losses and establishing an allowance for loan losses. As the accretable yield increases or decreases from changes in cash flow expectations, the offset is a decrease or increase to the nonaccretable difference.
The following table summarizes the accretable yield on the covered loans as of August 28, 2009 and the changes therein through December 31, 2009:
|
|
Accretable Yield | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(In thousands) |
||||||
Estimated fair value of loans acquired |
$ | 675,616 | ||||||
Less: undiscounted cash flows expected to be collected |
||||||||
Undiscounted contractual cash flows |
$ | 1,042,628 | ||||||
Undiscounted cash flows not expected to be collected (nonaccretable difference) |
(118,838 | ) | 923,790 | |||||
Accretable yield at August 28, 2009: |
(248,174 | ) | ||||||
Activity through December 31, 2009: |
||||||||
Accretion to interest income |
17,622 | |||||||
Decrease in expected cash flows |
4,106 | 21,728 | ||||||
Accretable yield at December 31, 2009 |
$ | (226,446 | ) | |||||
At December 31, 2009, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the covered loan portfolio is 9.3 years.
63
Nonperforming Non-Covered Assets
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our non-covered nonaccrual loans and other non-covered nonperforming assets. For the periods presented, we did not have any non-covered loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing.
|
As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
Nonaccrual loans |
$ | 240,167 | $ | 63,470 | $ | 22,473 | $ | 22,095 | $ | 8,422 | ||||||
Other real estate owned |
43,255 | 41,310 | 2,736 | | | |||||||||||
Total nonperforming assets |
$ | 283,422 | $ | 104,780 | $ | 25,209 | $ | 22,095 | $ | 8,422 | ||||||
Nonperforming loans to loans, net of deferred fees and costs, including loans held for sale |
6.48 | % | 1.59 | % | 0.56 | % | 0.51 | % | 0.34 | % | ||||||
Nonperforming assets to loans, including loans held for sale, and other real estate owned |
7.56 | % | 2.60 | % | 0.63 | % | 0.51 | % | 0.34 | % | ||||||
Restructured performing loans |
$ |
181,454 |
$ |
12,637 |
$ |
1,942 |
$ |
|
$ |
|
||||||
The majority of our loan restructurings relate to commercial real estate lending and involve lowering the interest rate and/or a change to interest-only payments for a period of time. In these cases, we do not typically forgive principal or extend the maturity date as part of the loan modification. At December 31, 2009, we had $181.5 million in loans that were accruing interest under the terms of troubled debt restructurings. This amount consists of $36 million in commercial loans, $51 million in construction loans and $92 million in commercial real estate loans. The majority of the restructured performing loans were on accrual status prior to the loan modifications and have remained on accrual status after the loan modifications due to the borrowers making payments before and after the restructurings. In these circumstances, generally, a borrower may have had a fixed rate loan that they continued to repay, but may be having cash flow difficulties. In an effort to work with certain borrowers, we may agree to interest rate reductions to reflect the lower market interest rate environment and/or interest-only payments for a period of time. The amount of loan restructurings has increased during 2009 as we continue to work with borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. As a result of the current economic environment in our market areas, we anticipate further increases in loan restructurings during 2010.
On February 23, 2010, the Bank sold 61 non-covered adversely classified loans totaling $323.6 million to an institutional buyer for $200.6 million in cash. The loans sold included $110.5 million in nonaccrual loans and $105.1 million in restructured loans. On a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2009, the loan sale reduced nonaccrual loans, nonperforming assets and restructured performing loans to $129.6 million, $172.9 million, and $76.3 million, respectively. For further information about the loan sale, non-covered loan portfolio concentrations and credit quality data as of December 31, 2009 and on a pro forma basis, see Overview, February 2010 Non-Covered Loan Sale contained herein and note 24 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statement and Supplementary Data."
Nonperforming assets have increased due mainly to an increase in nonaccrual loans. Such increase is due to the effect the general economic downturn has had on our borrowers' ability to repay their loans, the increased level of unemployment and disruptions in the credit market. All nonaccrual loans are considered impaired and are evaluated individually for loss exposure. At December 31, 2009, approximately $19.7 million of the allowance for credit losses was allocated to nonaccrual loans. The
64
types of loans included in the nonaccrual category and accruing loans past due between 30 and 89 days as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 follow.
|
Nonaccrual loans(1) | Accruing and over 30 days past due(1) |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2009 | |
December 31, | |||||||||||||
Loan category
|
As a % of loan category |
Balance | December 31, 2008 Balance |
2009 Balance |
2008 Balance |
|||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
SBA 504 |
20.1 | % | $ | 22,849 | $ | 5,308 | $ | 1,603 | $ | | ||||||
SBA 7(a) and Express |
28.5 | % | 12,026 | 7,544 | 1,487 | 2,330 | ||||||||||
Residential construction |
16.3 | % | 17,018 | 14,738 | | 5,342 | ||||||||||
Commercial real estate |
4.2 | % | 88,483 | 11,081 | 1,109 | 26,674 | ||||||||||
Commercial construction |
11.9 | % | 26,394 | 1,298 | 1,032 | 3,956 | ||||||||||
Commercial |
0.8 | % | 6,052 | 20,325 | 2,592 | 2,298 | ||||||||||
Commercial land |
15.6 | % | 9,113 | | | 142 | ||||||||||
Residential other |
16.3 | % | 19,127 | 86 | 178 | 457 | ||||||||||
Residential land |
68.2 | % | 37,104 | 1,665 | | | ||||||||||
Residential multifamily |
1.5 | % | 1,281 | | | 3,292 | ||||||||||
Other, including foreign |
1.1 | % | 720 | 1,425 | 492 | 1,133 | ||||||||||
|
6.5 | % | $ | 240,167 | $ | 63,470 | $ | 8,493 | $ | 45,624 | ||||||
The net increase in non-covered nonaccrual loans during 2009 is composed of additions of $362.7 million, reductions, payoffs and return to accrual status of $63.4 million, sales of $12.9 million, charge-offs of $58.2 million, and foreclosures of $51.5 million. The increase in nonaccrual commercial real estate loans is due mostly to 2 loans totaling $19.4 million secured by shopping malls, a $14.7 million loan secured by a golf course in Palm Desert and 6 loans totaling $29.7 million secured by hotels. The increase in the residential other category is due mostly to a $13.1 million loan secured by residential lots, which was sold in the February 2010 loan sale. The increase in the residential land category relates to a loan collateralized by land in Ventura, California totaling $22.0 million.
Included in the non-covered nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2009 are $34.9 million of SBA related loans representing 15% of total non-covered nonaccrual loans at that date. The SBA 504 loans are secured by first trust deeds on owner-occupied business real estate with loan-to-value ratios of generally 50% or less at the time of origination. SBA 7(a) loans are secured by borrowers' real estate and/or business assets and are covered by an SBA guarantee of up to 85% of the loan amount. The SBA guaranteed portion on the 7(a) and Express loans shown above is $10.3 million. At December 31, 2009, the SBA loan portfolio totaled $157.2 million and was composed of $114.9 million in SBA 504 loans and $42.3 million in SBA 7(a) and Express loans.
The following table presents the non-covered OREO by property type as of the dates indicated.
|
As of December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Property Type
|
2009 | 2008 | |||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||
Improved residential land |
$ | 7,514 | $ | 3,735 | |||
Commercial real estate |
28,478 | 27,879 | |||||
Residential condominiums |
| 5,343 | |||||
Single family homes |
7,263 | 4,353 | |||||
Total |
$ | 43,255 | $ | 41,310 | |||
65
Non-covered OREO increased $2.0 million in 2009 due to 33 foreclosures totaling $52.6 million, capitalized completion cost of $1.2 million, writedowns of $16.3 million and 25 sales totaling $35.6 million.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Non-Covered Loans
The allowance for credit losses on non-covered loans is the combination of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. The allowance for credit losses on non-covered loans relates only to loans which are not subject the loss sharing agreement with the FDIC. The allowance for loan losses is reported as a reduction of outstanding loan balances and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included within other liabilities. Generally, as loans are funded, the amount of the commitment reserve applicable to such funded loans is transferred from the reserve for unfunded loan commitments to the allowance for loan losses based on our reserving methodology. At December 31, 2009, the allowance for credit losses on non-covered loans totaled $124.3 million and was comprised of the allowance for loan losses of $118.7 million and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $5.6 million. The following discussion is for non-covered loans and the allowance for credit losses thereon. Refer to "Allowance for Credit Losses on Covered Loans" for the policy on covered loans.
Both the provision for credit losses and the allowance for credit losses increased substantially from the amounts recognized in 2008. Such increase was due to elevated levels of classified and nonaccrual loans and net charge-offs, usage trends of unfunded loan commitments, general market conditions and portfolio risk concentrations.
An allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to adequately provide for known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio and other extensions of credit at the balance sheet date. The allowance is based upon a continuing review of the portfolio, past loan loss experience, current economic conditions which may affect the borrowers' ability to pay, and the underlying collateral value of the loans. Loans which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off and deducted from the allowance. The provision for loan losses and recoveries on loans previously charged off are added to the allowance.
The methodology we use to estimate the amount of our allowance for credit losses is based on both objective and subjective criteria. While some criteria are formula driven, other criteria are subjective inputs included to capture environmental and general economic risk elements which may trigger losses in the loan portfolio, and to account for the varying levels of credit quality in the loan portfolios of the entities we have acquired that have not yet been captured in our objective loss factors.
Specifically, our allowance methodology contains four elements: (a) amounts based on specific evaluations of impaired loans; (b) amounts of estimated losses on several pools of loans categorized by type; (c) amounts of estimated losses for loans adversely classified based on our loan review process; and (d) amounts for environmental and general economic factors that indicate probable losses were incurred but were not captured through the other elements of our allowance process.
Impaired loans are identified at each reporting date based on certain criteria and individually reviewed for impairment. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. We measure impairment of a loan based upon the fair value of the loan's collateral if the loan is collateral dependent or the present value of cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, if the loan is not collateralized. The impairment amount on a collateralized loan is charged-off to the allowance and the impairment amount on a noncollateralized loan is set up as a specific reserve. Increased charge-offs generally result in increased provisions for credit losses.
66
Our loan portfolio, excluding impaired loans which are evaluated individually, is categorized into several pools for purposes of determining allowance amounts by loan pool. The loan pools we currently evaluate are: commercial real estate construction, residential real estate construction, SBA real estate, hospitality real estate, real estate other, commercial collateralized, commercial unsecured, SBA commercial, consumer, foreign, asset-based, and factoring. Within these loan pools, we then evaluate loans not adversely classified, which we refer to as "pass" credits, separately from adversely classified loans. The adversely classified loans are further grouped into three credit risk rating categories: special mention, substandard and doubtful. The allowance amounts for pass rated loans and those loans adversely classified, which are not reviewed individually, are determined using historical loss rates developed through migration analysis. The migration analysis is updated quarterly based on historic losses and movement of loans between ratings. As a result of this migration analysis and its quarterly updating, the increases we experienced in both charge-offs and adverse classifications resulted in increased loss factors. In addition, beginning with the third quarter of 2008, we shortened the allowance methodology's accumulated net charge-off look-back data from 32 quarters to 16 quarters to allow greater emphasis on current charge-off activity. Such shortening also increased the loss factors.
Finally, in order to ensure our allowance methodology is incorporating recent trends and economic conditions, we apply environmental and general economic factors to our allowance methodology including: credit concentrations; delinquency trends; economic and business conditions; external factors such as fuel and building materials prices, the effects of adverse weather and hostilities; the quality of lending management and staff; lending policies and procedures; loss and recovery trends; nature and volume of the portfolio; nonaccrual and problem loan trends; usage trends of unfunded commitments; quality of loan review; and other adjustments for items not covered by other factors.
We recognize the determination of the allowance for loan losses is sensitive to the assigned credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates at any given point in time. Therefore, we perform sensitivity analyses to provide insight regarding the impact adverse changes in credit risk ratings may have on our allowance for loan losses. The sensitivity analyses has inherent limitations and is based on various assumptions as of a point in time and, accordingly, it is not necessarily representative of the impact loan risk rating changes may have on the allowance for loan losses. At December 31, 2009, in the event that 1 percent of our non-covered loans were downgraded one credit risk rating category for each category (e.g., 1% of the "pass" category moved to the "special mention" category, 1% of the "special mention" category moved to "substandard" category, and 1% of the "substandard" category moved to the "doubtful" category within our current allowance methodology), the allowance for loan losses would have increased by approximately $3.4 million. In the event that 5% of our non-covered loans were downgraded one credit risk category, the allowance for loan losses would increase by approximately $16.9 million. Given current processes employed by the Company, management believes the credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates currently assigned are appropriate. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach different conclusions that could be significant to the Company's financial statements. In addition, current credit risk ratings are subject to change as we continue to review loans within our portfolio and as our borrowers are impacted by economic trends within their market areas.
Management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate and appropriate for the known and inherent risks in our non-covered loan portfolio. In making its evaluation, management considers certain quantitative and qualitative factors including the Company's historical loss experience, the volume and type of lending conducted by the Company, the results of our credit review process, the amounts of classified, criticized and nonperforming assets, regulatory policies, general economic conditions, underlying collateral values, and other factors regarding collectibility and impairment. To the extent we experience, for example, increased levels of documentation deficiencies, adverse changes in collateral values, or negative changes in economic and business conditions which adversely affect our
67
borrowers, our classified loans may increase. Higher levels of classified loans generally result in higher allowances for loan losses.
Management also believes that the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is adequate. In making this determination, we use the same methodology for the reserve for unfunded loan commitments as we do for the allowance for loan losses and consider the same quantitative and qualitative factors, as well as an estimate of the probability of advances of the commitments correlated to their credit risk rating.
The following table presents the changes in our allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 63,519 | $ | 52,557 | $ | 52,908 | $ | 27,303 | $ | 24,083 | |||||||
Loans charged off: |
|||||||||||||||||
Domestic: |
|||||||||||||||||
Commercial |
(11,982 | ) | (7,664 | ) | (2,091 | ) | (1,083 | ) | (1,646 | ) | |||||||
Real estateconstruction |
(28,542 | ) | (24,998 | )(a) | (660 | ) | (144 | ) | | ||||||||
Real estatemortgage |
(46,047 | ) | (2,617 | ) | (454 | ) | | (100 | ) | ||||||||
Consumer |
(1,180 | ) | (3,947 | ) | (166 | ) | (189 | ) | (180 | ) | |||||||
Foreign |
(368 | ) | (349 | ) | (1,414 | ) | (1,691 | ) | (1,592 | ) | |||||||
Total loans charged off |
(88,119 | ) | (39,575 | ) | (4,785 | ) | (3,107 | ) | (3,518 | ) | |||||||
Recoveries on loans charged off: |
|||||||||||||||||
Domestic: |
|||||||||||||||||
Commercial |
548 | 971 | 1,591 | 1,361 | 2,106 | ||||||||||||
Real estateconstruction |
461 | 88 | | | | ||||||||||||
Real estatemortgage |
503 | 412 | 163 | | 11 | ||||||||||||
Consumer |
151 | 47 | 122 | 171 | 241 | ||||||||||||
Foreign |