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Table of Contents
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 or |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 001-16625
BUNGE LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Bermuda (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
98-0231912 (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
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50 Main Street White Plains, New York USA (Address of principal executive offices) |
10606 (Zip Code) |
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(914) 684-2800 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
Common Shares, par value $.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Large Accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer (do not check if a smaller reporting company) o Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of registrant's common shares held by non-affiliates, based upon the closing price of our common shares on the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2009, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $7,270 million. Common shares held by executive officers and directors and persons who own 10% or more of the issued and outstanding common shares have been excluded since such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not a determination for any other purpose.
As of February 19, 2010, 143,853,936 Common Shares, par value $.01 per share were issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the proxy statement for the 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 21, 2010 are incorporated by reference into Part III.
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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information to investors. This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical in nature. We have tried to identify these forward-looking statements by using words including "may," "will," "should," "could," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "intend," "estimate," "continue" and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. These factors include the risks, uncertainties, trends and other factors discussed under the headings "Item 1A. Risk Factors," as well as "Item 1. Business," "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including:
In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. Additional risks that we may currently deem immaterial or that are not presently known to us could also cause the forward-looking events discussed in this Annual Report not to occur. Except as otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason after the date of this Annual Report.
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References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to "Bunge Limited," "Bunge," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Bunge Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates.
Business Overview
We are a leading global agribusiness and food company operating in the farm-to-consumer food chain. We believe we are:
We conduct our operations in three divisions: agribusiness, fertilizer and food and ingredients. These divisions include four reportable business segments: agribusiness, fertilizer, edible oil products and milling products. Our agribusiness division is an integrated business principally involved in the purchase, storage, transport, processing and sale of agricultural commodities and commodity products. Our agribusiness operations and assets are primarily located in North and South America, Europe and Asia, and we have marketing and distribution offices throughout the world.
Our fertilizer division is involved in every stage of the fertilizer business, from mining of phosphate-based raw materials to the sale of retail fertilizer products. The operations and assets of our fertilizer division are primarily located in South America. In January 2010, we entered into an agreement to sell our fertilizer nutrients assets in Brazil to Vale S.A. See "Fertilizer."
Our food and ingredients division consists of two reportable business segments: edible oil products and milling products. These segments include businesses that produce and sell edible oils, shortenings, margarines, mayonnaise and milled products such as wheat flours and corn-based products. The operations and assets of our milling products segment are located in Brazil and the United States, and the operations and assets of our edible oil products segment are primarily located in North America, Europe, Brazil, China and India.
We also have a growing presence in the sugar and sugarcane based ethanol industry. In February 2010, we acquired five sugarcane mills in Brazil, making us the third largest sugar and ethanol producer in Brazil. See "Agribusiness."
History and Development of the Company
We are a limited liability company formed under the laws of Bermuda. We are registered with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda under registration number EC20791. We trace our history back to 1818 when we were founded as a grain trading company in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. During the second half of the 1800s, we expanded our grain operations in Europe and also entered the South American agricultural commodity market. In 1888, we entered the South American food products industry, and in 1938 we entered the fertilizer industry in Brazil. We started our U.S. operations in 1923.
Our principal executive offices and corporate headquarters are located at 50 Main Street, White Plains, New York, 10606, United States of America and our telephone number is (914) 684-2800. Our registered office is located at 2 Church Street, Hamilton, HM 11, Bermuda.
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Agribusiness
Overview. Our agribusiness division is an integrated business involved in the purchase, storage, transport, processing and sale of agricultural commodities and commodity products. The principal agricultural commodities that we handle are oilseeds and grains, primarily soybeans, rapeseed or canola, sunflower seed, wheat and corn. We process oilseeds into vegetable oils and protein meals, principally for the food and animal feed industries, as further described below.
Sugar and sugarcane-based ethanol. In addition to our principal agribusiness operations in oilseeds and grains, we also participate in the sugar and sugarcane-based ethanol industries through our sugar origination, trading and marketing business, as well as our sugar and sugarcane-based ethanol production operations in Brazil. We wholly own or have majority interests in seven sugarcane mills in Brazil, five of which we acquired in the Moema transaction described below. With respect to the mills we owned prior to the Moema transaction, our Monteverde mill, in which we own a 60% stake and a Brazilian family group owns the remaining 40%, is located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. This mill commenced operations in 2009 and has current annual sugarcane milling capacity of 1.4 million metric tons. Our Santa Juliana mill, in which we own an 80% stake and a subsidiary of Itochu Corp. (Itochu) owns the remaining 20%, is located in the state of Minas Gerais and has current annual milling capacity of 3.5 million metric tons. Additionally, we have an 80% stake in a greenfield mill that we are developing with Itochu in the state of Tocantins, which we expect to become initially operational in 2010 with planned initial annual milling capacity of 1.4 million metric tons. Our mills allow us to adjust our production (within certain capacity limits) between ethanol and sugar, as well as, for the Moema mills, between different types of ethanol (hydrous and anhydrous) and sugar (raw and crystal), allowing us to respond promptly to changes in customer demand and market prices. We intend to make additional investments to expand the crushing capacity of our sugarcane mills, including the Moema mills we recently acquired. We also have cogeneration facilities at all our mills which produce energy through the burning of sugarcane bagasse in boilers, which enables these mills to be self-sufficient in terms of their energy needs and, in some cases, sell surplus energy to third parties such as local utilities.
Beginning in the first quarter of 2010, we intend to report the results of our sugar and bioenergy businesses as a reportable segment, which will include the results of our sugar origination, trading, marketing and milling operations and our corn-based ethanol activities.
Biofuels investments. We also participate in the biodiesel and corn-based ethanol industries, generally as a minority investor in biofuels producers. Our Diester Industries International S.A.S. (DII) joint venture is a leading biodiesel producer in Europe with operations in Germany, Austria and Italy. We also have investments in biofuels companies in the United States, Argentina, Spain and Portugal. See "Investments in Affiliates" for more information. In connection with our biofuels investments, we typically seek to negotiate arrangements to supply the raw materials used in the biofuel production processes and to market certain of the products and by-products generated by the biofuel production processes, such as DDGS (dried distillers grains with solubles), which are by-products of the corn-based ethanol production process and are used as an animal feed ingredient.
Customers. We sell agricultural commodities and processed commodity products to customers throughout the world. The principal purchasers of our oilseeds and grains are animal feed manufacturers, wheat and corn millers and other oilseed processors. The principal purchasers of our oilseed meal products are animal feed manufacturers and livestock, poultry and aquaculture producers that use these products as animal feed ingredients. As a result, our agribusiness operations benefit from global demand for meat products, primarily poultry and pork products. The principal purchasers of the unrefined vegetable oils produced in this segment are our own food and ingredients division and third party edible oil processing companies which use these oils as a raw material. These oils are used by our customers to produce a variety of edible oil products for the foodservice, food processor and retail
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markets. In addition, we sell oil products for various non-food uses, including the production of biodiesel. Our sugar origination, trading and marketing operations purchase and sell sugar globally to meet international demand for sugar. The sugar products we produce in Brazil are sold either to the Brazilian or export markets. The sugarcane-based ethanol produced by us in Brazil is marketed and sold to customers to be used as transport fuel or as a fuel additive primarily in the Brazilian market.
Distribution and Logistics. We have developed an extensive logistics network to transport our products. We use a variety of transportation modes including trucks, railcars, river barges, and ocean freight vessels which we lease, as well as transportation services provided by third party truck lines, railroads and barge and ocean freight carriers. To better serve our customer base and improve our global distribution and logistics capabilities, we have made and will continue to make selective investments in port logistics and storage facilities. For example, in 2009, we entered into a joint venture with Itochu and STX Pan Ocean Co. to build and operate an export grain terminal in the Port of Longview, Washington state, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. This facility will provide us with additional capacity to serve our operations and customers in Asia. We also have a 50% equity interest in the owner/operator of the Phu My Port in Vietnam, the only dry bulk port in that country capable of receiving large, Panamax class ships. We are building an integrated soybean processing and oil refining plant within the Phu My port complex, which we expect to become initially operational in 2011. We also operate other port facilities, including in Brazil, Argentina, Russia, Canada and the United States.
Other Services and Activities. In Brazil, where there are limited third-party financing sources available to farmers, we provide financing services to farmers from whom we purchase soybeans and other agricultural commodities through prepaid commodity purchase contracts and advances. These financing arrangements are typically secured by the farmer's crop and a mortgage on the farmer's land and other assets and typically carry local market interest rates. Our farmer financing activities are an integral part of our grain origination and oilseed processing activities as they help assure the supply of raw materials for our Brazilian agribusiness operations. Having integrated agribusiness operations also enables us to participate in related financial activities such as engaging in trade structured finance to leverage international trade flows, providing risk management services to customers by assisting them with managing price exposure to agricultural commodities and developing private investment vehicles to invest in businesses complementary to our agribusiness operations.
Raw Materials. We purchase the oilseeds and grains used in our agribusiness operations either directly from farmers or indirectly through intermediaries. We purchase sugarcane from third party producers and also engage in sugarcane production to supply our operations in Brazil on land either leased or owned by us. Although the availability and price of agricultural commodities may, in any given year, be affected by unpredictable factors such as weather, government programs and policies, and farmer planting decisions, supply historically has been adequate for our operational needs.
Competition. Due to their commodity nature, markets for our agribusiness products are highly competitive and are also subject to product substitution. Competition is principally based on price, quality, product and service offerings and geographic location. Major competitors in our agribusiness operations are The Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM), Cargill Incorporated (Cargill), Louis Dreyfus Group, large regional companies, such as Wilmar International Limited and Noble Group Limited in Asia, and smaller agricultural cooperatives and trading companies in various countries. Major competitors in our sugar operations are British Sugar PLC, Südzucker AG, Cargill, Tereos Group, Sucden Group, ED&F Man, Noble Group Limited, Cosan Limited and LDC-SEV Bioenergia.
Moema Transaction. In February 2010, we completed the acquisition of five sugarcane mills in Brazil in the Moema transaction. This transaction consisted in part of the acquisition of Usina Moema Participações S.A., which we refer to as Moema Par, pursuant to an agreement entered into among Bunge, Moema Par and Moema Par's shareholders in December 2009. Moema Par wholly owned one
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sugarcane mill in Brazil and had ownership interests in five others (collectively, the Moema Group) located on the border of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais states. In January 2010, we entered into agreements with other shareholders (which we refer to as the minority shareholders) in the Moema Group, which, in the case of four of the five mills not wholly owned by Moema Par, provided for the purchase by Bunge of the ownership interests of such shareholders in such mills (we refer to these transactions as the minority transactions and together with the Moema Par transaction described above, collectively, the exchange transactions). Pursuant to the terms of the agreements related to the minority transactions, two of the minority shareholders were entitled to receive cash for their interests, while the remaining minority shareholders were entitled to receive Bunge Limited common shares.
The closings of the exchange transactions occurred on February 5, February 9 and February 11, 2010. Additionally, in connection with the closings of the exchange transactions, the other shareholder in the fifth mill not wholly owned by Moema Par exercised its right pursuant to an agreement between it and Moema Par to acquire Moema Par's interests in such mill in exchange for the interests of such shareholder in another of the five mills and a cash payment from such shareholder to Moema Par. As a result of these transactions, Bunge now owns 100% of five of the six sugarcane mills that comprised the Moema Group, with an aggregate annual milling capacity of 13.7 million metric tons.
In connection with the closings of the exchange transactions, Bunge Limited issued to the Moema Par shareholders and the minority shareholders 9,718,632 Bunge Limited common shares in private placement transactions in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. These shares, together with the cash payments made at closing to the minority shareholders not receiving Bunge Limited common shares for their interests, represented approximately 90% of the base purchase price for the assets acquired in the exchange transactions, with the balance (which could be greater or less than the 10% of the base price common shares that have been retained by Bunge) to be paid following determination of a post-closing adjustment based on the working capital and net indebtedness of the acquired assets at closing, which has not yet been determined. Bunge expects to issue approximately 10.8 million shares in the aggregate in connection with the Moema transaction, subject to the post-closing adjustments referred to above.
Fertilizer
Overview. We are the largest producer and supplier of fertilizer to farmers in South America and a major integrated fertilizer producer in Brazil, participating in all stages of the business, from mining of phosphate-based raw materials to selling of retail blended fertilizers. In the Brazilian retail fertilizer market, we have approximately 25% of the market share of "NPK" fertilizers. NPK refers to nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potash (K), the main components of chemical fertilizers. In Brazil, we conduct our fertilizer operations through our wholly owned subsidiaries, including Bunge Fertilizantes S.A., as well as through our controlling interest in Fertilizantes Fosfatados S.A. (Fosfertil), which we refer to as Fosfertil. Fosfertil is a publicly traded phosphate and nitrogen producer in Brazil. Through direct and indirect investments, we own approximately 54% of the voting common shares and 36% of the nonvoting preferred shares of Fosfertil (which represents our right to approximately 42% of the earnings of Fosfertil). We have a single superphosphate (SSP) production plant in Argentina and in January 2010 completed the acquisition of the Argentine fertilizer business of Petrobras Energia S.A., which produces liquid and solid nitrogen fertilizers.
Products and Services. Our fertilizer production activities are comprised of nutrients and retail operations. Our nutrients operations include the mining and processing of phosphate ore and the production of intermediate phosphate-based products for sale to fertilizer blenders and cooperatives, as well as to supply our own retail fertilizer operations. We also produce phosphate-based animal feed ingredients in this business. The primary products we produce in our nutrients operations are concentrated phosphate rock, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, SSP and dicalcium phosphate. In addition, Fosfertil produces various nitrogen and phosphate-based raw materials and fertilizers, including
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ammonia, urea, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP).
Our retail fertilizer operations consist of producing, distributing and selling blended NPK formulas and other fertilizer products directly to retailers, processing and trading companies and farmers, primarily in Brazil, as well as in Argentina and neighboring countries. These NPK fertilizers are used for the cultivation of a variety of crops, including soybeans, corn, sugarcane, cotton, wheat and coffee. In Brazil, we market our retail fertilizers under the IAP, Manah, Ouro Verde and Serrana brands. We also market NPK fertilizer products that we source from third party producers for sale to wholesale distributors and cooperatives in North America.
Raw Materials. The principal raw materials used in our fertilizer division are concentrated phosphate rock, which is produced from phosphate ore, as well as sulfur and ammonia in the phosphate chain; natural gas, other petroleum-based products and ammonia in the nitrogen chain; and various potash-based products in the potash chain. Through our ownership and operation of phosphate mines in Brazil, we are able to supply most of our phosphate rock requirements. We purchase the balance from third-party suppliers. We purchase all of the sulfur used in our fertilizer division from third-party suppliers. We use sulfur to produce sulfuric acid. In 2009, our internal production of sulfuric acid was sufficient to supply all of our needs. In 2009, we purchased approximately 68% of our nitrogen raw materials and all of our potash-based raw materials from third-party suppliers. In anticipation of continued growth in the Brazilian agricultural sector and the related expected increase in demand for fertilizer, we have in recent years expanded the production capabilities at our phosphate mines. We also have a joint venture with Office Chérifien des Phosphates, or OCP, to produce fertilizer products in Morocco. The joint venture manufactures sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, TSP, MAP and diammonium phosphate (DAP) for shipment to Brazil, Argentina and certain other markets in Latin America.
The prices of fertilizer raw materials are determined by reference to international prices that reflect global supply and demand factors and global transportation and other logistics costs. Each of these fertilizer raw materials is readily available in the international marketplace from multiple sources.
Distribution and Logistics. Our phosphate mining operations in Brazil allow us to lower our logistics costs by reducing our use of imported raw materials. In addition, we seek to reduce our logistics costs by back-hauling agricultural commodities and processed products from our inland commodity storage and processing locations to export points after delivery of imported fertilizer raw materials to our inland fertilizer processing plants. We also seek opportunities to enhance the efficiency of our logistics network by exporting agricultural commodities on the ocean freight vessels that we use to deliver imported fertilizer raw materials to us.
Competition. Because fertilizers are global commodities available from multiple sources, the industry is highly competitive. Fertilizer companies compete principally based on delivered price. Additionally, competition is based on product offering and quality, access to raw materials, production efficiency and customer service, including in some cases, customer financing terms. Our main competitors in our fertilizer operations in Brazil are Copebrás, Fertipar, The Mosaic Company, Adubos Trevo (Yara International), Tortuga and Heringer. In Argentina, our main competitors are Repsol YPF, The Mosaic Company and Profertil S.A.
Pending Sale of Brazilian Nutrients Assets to Vale S.A. In January 2010, we and two of our indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries entered into an agreement with Vale S.A., a Brazil-based global mining company which we refer to as Vale, and an affiliate of Vale to sell our fertilizer nutrients assets in Brazil to Vale. The agreement provides, among other things, that Vale will purchase from us all of the outstanding shares of BPIBunge Participações e Investimentos S.A. (which we refer to as BPI). BPI owns Bunge's phosphate mining and other nutrients assets in Brazil and, directly or indirectly, holds Bunge's interests in Fosfertil. We will retain our retail fertilizer operations in Brazil and our fertilizer
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operations in Argentina and the United States, and our 50% stake in our joint venture with OCP in Morocco. The purchase price for the transaction is $3.8 billion in cash, subject to a post-closing adjustment for differences in BPI's net debt and working capital at closing from December 31, 2009.
The closing of the transaction is expected to occur in the second quarter of 2010 and is subject to several customary conditions precedent. In addition, Vale's obligation to consummate the transaction is subject to, among other things (i) the filing of certain requirements with certain governmental authorities and third parties to obtain certain permits necessary in connection with the operation of the assets being sold, (ii) approval from certain third parties, including certain Brazilian governmental agencies, for the assignment of certain contracts relating to BPI's existing mineral rights and (iii) the extension by Companhia Brasileira de Metalúrgia e MineraçãoCBMM of a license to exploit mineral phosphate by BPI. The purchase agreement may be terminated in the event all of the conditions precedent have not been satisfied within 180 days following the date of the execution of the purchase agreement or in the event of a final, non-appealable order preventing the closing. We have agreed to customary indemnification provisions in the purchase agreement. In connection with our indemnification obligations, we are generally not required to indemnify Vale until the aggregate amount of its losses exceed $1 million and are not required to indemnify Vale for losses incurred by Fosfertil and its subsidiaries in excess of a specified cap. Subject to certain limitations, Vale has agreed to indemnify us with respect to (i) inaccuracies of Vale's representations and warranties, (ii) non-compliance by it with any of its obligations under the purchase agreement and (iii) post-closing liabilities of the BPI and its subsidiaries. The parties' obligations to indemnify each other under the purchase agreement survive until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.
The purchase agreement provides that, at the Closing, the parties or their respective affiliates will enter into several ancillary agreements, including a supply agreement pursuant to which Vale will supply our retail operations with certain phosphate fertilizer products, including SSP, through 2012, which may be extended by us to December 31, 2013. We will also enter into a transition services agreement pursuant to which we will provide administrative services to Vale through December 31, 2010, extendable to December 31, 2011 by mutual agreement of the parties. Under the purchase agreement, we have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, to certain non-competition provisions with respect to the production of certain fertilizer products, and Vale has agreed not to produce, distribute or commercialize certain fertilizer products, in each case, in Brazil until December 31, 2012, which may be extended to December 31, 2013.
Food and Ingredients
Overview. Our food and ingredients division consists of two reportable business segments: edible oil products and milling products. We primarily sell our products to three customer types or market channels: food processors, foodservice companies and retail outlets. The principal raw materials we use in our food and ingredients division are various crude and further-processed vegetable oils in our edible oil products segment, and corn and wheat in our milling products segment. These raw materials are agricultural commodities that we either produce or purchase from third parties. We seek to realize synergies between our food and ingredients division and our agribusiness operations through our raw material procurement activities, enabling us to benefit from being an integrated, global enterprise.
Edible Oil Products
Products. Our edible oil products include packaged and bulk oils, shortenings, margarines, mayonnaise and other products derived from the vegetable oil refining process. We primarily use soybean, sunflower and rapeseed or canola oil that we produce in our oilseed processing operations as raw materials in this business. We are a leading seller of packaged vegetable oils worldwide, based on sales. We have edible oil refining and packaging facilities in North America, South America, Europe and Asia.
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We sell our retail edible oil products in Brazil under a number of brands, including Soya, the leading packaged vegetable oil brand. We are also the market leader in the Brazilian margarine market with our brands Delicia and Primor. Our brand Bunge Pro is the top foodservice shortening brand in Brazil. In the United States, our Elite brand is a leading foodservice brand of edible oil products. In addition, we have developed proprietary processes that allow us to offer our customers a number of products with no or low levels of trans-fatty acids and we also work with other companies to expand the trans-fat solutions we offer to customers, including Treus low linolenic soybean oil, which was developed through an alliance between us and DuPont. In Europe, we are the market leader in consumer packaged vegetable oils, which are sold in various geographies under brand names including Venusz, Floriol, Kujawski, Olek, Unisol, Ideal, Oleina, Deli Reform, Pyszny Duet and Masmix. In Asia, our primary edible oil product brands include Dalda and Chambal in India and Douweijia brand soybean oil in China. In several regions, we also sell packaged edible oil products to grocery store chains for sale under their own private labels. In 2009, we purchased the assets of Mid-Atlantic Vegetable Shortening, Inc., an edible oil packaging business that services bakery, food processor and foodservice customers in the Northeastern United States. In 2009, we also acquired Raisio plc's margarine businesses, which include margarine production facilities in Finland and Poland and a portfolio of consumer margarine brands.
Distribution and Customers. Our customers include baked goods companies, snack food producers, restaurant chains, foodservice distributors and other food manufacturers who use vegetable oils and shortenings as inputs in their operations, as well as retail consumers.
Competition. The edible oil industry is intensely competitive. Competition is based on a number of factors, including price, raw material procurement, brand recognition, product quality, new product introductions, composition and nutritional value, as well as advertising and promotion. Our products may compete with widely advertised, well-known, branded products, as well as private label and customized products. In addition, consolidation in the supermarket industry has resulted in those customers demanding lower prices and reducing the number of suppliers with which they do business, and therefore it is increasingly important to obtain adequate access to retail outlets and shelf space for our retail products. In the United States, Brazil and Canada, our principal competitors in the edible oil products business include ADM, Cargill, Associated British Foods plc, Stratas Foods (a joint venture between ADM and Associated British Foods plc), Unilever, Ventura Foods, LLC and Brasil Foods S.A. In Europe, our principal competitors include ADM, Cargill, Unilever and various local companies in each country.
Milling Products
Products. Our milling products include a variety of wheat flours and bakery mixes sold in Brazil and corn-based products derived from the corn dry milling process sold in North America. Our corn milling products consist primarily of dry milled corn meal, flours and grits, as well as soy-fortified corn meal, corn-soy blend and other similar products. We also produce corn oil and corn animal feed products.
Distribution and Customers. In Brazil, the primary customers for our wheat milling products are industrial, bakery and foodservice companies. In North America, the primary customers for our corn milling products are companies in the food processing sector, such as cereal, snack, bakery and brewing companies, as well as the U.S. government for humanitarian relief programs. Corn oil and animal feed products are sold to edible oil processors and animal feed manufacturers and users, respectively.
Competition. The wheat and corn milling industries are highly competitive. In Brazil, our major competitors are Pena Branca Alimentos, M. Dias Branco, Moinho Pacifico and Moinho Anaconda, as well as many small regional producers. Our major competitors in our North American corn milling
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products business include Cargill, Didion Milling Company, SEMO Milling, LLC and Life Line Foods, LLC.
Risk Management
Risk management is a fundamental aspect of our business. Engaging in the hedging of risk exposures and anticipating market developments are critical to protect and enhance our return on assets. We engage in commodity price hedging to reduce the impact of volatility in the prices of the principal agricultural commodities and processed products we purchase, produce and sell. Our operations use substantial amounts of energy, including natural gas, steam and fuel oil, including bunker fuel for ocean freight vessels. We engage in energy cost hedging to reduce our exposure to volatility in energy costs. We also engage in foreign currency and interest rate hedging. In addition, we enter into freight forward agreements in order to reduce our exposure to volatility in ocean freight costs. Our risk management decisions take place in various locations but exposure limits are centrally set and monitored. Commodity exposure limits are designed to consider notional exposure to price and relative price (or "basis") volatility, as well as value-at-risk limits. For foreign exchange, interest rate, energy and transportation risk, our positions are hedged in accordance with applicable company policies. Credit and counterparty risk is managed locally within our business units and monitored centrally. We have a corporate risk management group, headed by our chief risk officer, which oversees management of our risk exposures globally. The finance and risk policy committee of our board of directors supervises and reviews our overall risk management policies and risk limits. See "Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk."
Operating Segments and Geographic Areas
The following tables set forth our net sales to external customers by operating segment, net sales to external customers by geographic area and our long-lived assets by geographic area. Net sales to external customers by geographic area are determined based on the location of the subsidiary making the sale.
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Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
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2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
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(US$ in millions) |
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Net Sales to External Customers by Operating Segment: |
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Agribusiness |
$ | 30,511 | $ | 36,688 | $ | 26,990 | ||||
Fertilizer |
3,704 | 5,860 | 3,918 | |||||||
Edible oil products |
6,184 | 8,216 | 5,597 | |||||||
Milling products |
1,527 | 1,810 | 1,337 | |||||||
Total |
$ | 41,926 | $ | 52,574 | $ | 37,842 | ||||
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Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
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2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
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(US$ in millions) |
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Net Sales to External Customers by Geographic Area: |
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Europe |
$ | 13,815 | $ | 18,189 | $ | 12,814 | ||||
United States |
10,267 | 12,153 | 8,982 | |||||||
Brazil |
9,203 | 11,998 | 8,020 | |||||||
Asia |
5,385 | 5,524 | 4,924 | |||||||
Argentina |
1,836 | 2,730 | 1,943 | |||||||
Canada |
1,388 | 1,954 | 1,131 | |||||||
Rest of world |
32 | 26 | 28 | |||||||
Total |
$ | 41,926 | $ | 52,574 | $ | 37,842 | ||||
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
|
(US$ in millions) |
|||||||||
Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area (1): |
||||||||||
Europe |
$ | 1,021 | $ | 1,080 | $ | 1,018 | ||||
United States |
977 | 904 | 918 | |||||||
Brazil |
3,971 | 2,620 | 2,987 | |||||||
Asia |
178 | 161 | 95 | |||||||
Argentina |
228 | 226 | 193 | |||||||
Canada |
174 | 157 | 195 | |||||||
Rest of world |
17 | 14 | 9 | |||||||
Total |
$ | 6,566 | $ | 5,162 | $ | 5,415 | ||||
For information regarding gross profit by segment, see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Investments in Affiliates
We participate in several unconsolidated joint ventures and other investments accounted for on the equity method, the most significant of which are described below. We allocate equity in earnings of affiliates to our reporting segments.
Agribusiness
Terminal 6 S.A. and Terminal 6 Industrial S.A. We have a joint venture in Argentina with Aceitera General Deheza S.A. (AGD), for the operation of the Terminal 6 port facility located in the Santa Fe province of Argentina. We are also a party to a second joint venture with AGD that operates a crushing facility located adjacent to the Terminal 6 port facility. We own 40% and 50%, respectively, of these joint ventures.
The Solae Company. Solae is a joint venture with E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Solae is engaged in the global production and distribution of soy-based ingredients, including soy proteins and lecithins. We have a 28.06% interest in Solae.
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AGRI-Bunge, LLC. We have a joint venture in the United States with AGRI Industries. The joint venture originates grain and operates Mississippi river terminals. We have 50% voting power and a 34% interest in the equity and earnings of AGRI-Bunge, LLC.
Diester Industries International S.A.S. (DII). We are a party to a joint venture with Diester Industries, a subsidiary of Sofiproteol, specializing in the production and marketing of biodiesel in Europe. We have a 40% interest in DII.
Bunge-Ergon Vicksburg, LLC (BEV). We are a 50% owner of BEV along with Ergon Ethanol, Inc. BEV operates an ethanol plant at the Port of Vicksburg, Mississippi, where we operate grain elevator facilities.
Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC (SIRE). We are a 26% owner of SIRE. The other owners are primarily agricultural producers located in Southwest Iowa. SIRE operates an ethanol plant near our oilseed processing facility at Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Ecofuel S.A. We are a 50% owner of this company along with AGD in Argentina. The company manufactures biodiesel products in the Santa Fe province of Argentina.
Biodiesel Bilbao S.A. We have a 20% minority interest in this company in Spain along with Acciona Biocombustibles S.A. This company produces and markets biofuels in Europe.
Huelva Belts SL. We are a 50% owner of this company along with Terminal Maritima de Huelva S.L. in Spain. The company constructs, operates and maintains a mechanical transport system in the port of Huelva, Spain.
Biocolza-Oleos E Farinhas de Colza S.A. We have a 40% minority interest in this company along with Tagol. This company is engaged in rapeseed oil crushing and biodiesel production in Portugal.
Fertilizer
Fosbrasil S.A. We are a party to this joint venture in Brazil, of which we own 44.25%, with Astaris Brasil Ltda. and Société Chimique Prayon-Rupel S.A. Fosbrasil S.A. operates an industrial plant in Cajati, São Paulo, Brazil that converts phosphoric acid used in animal nutrition into phosphoric acid for human consumption. The sale of our fertilizer nutrients assets in Brazil to Vale will include our interest in Fosbrasil S.A.
Bunge Maroc Phosphore S.A. We have a 50% interest in this joint venture with Office Cherifien Des Phosphates (OCP). The joint venture was formed to produce fertilizer products in Morocco for shipment to Brazil, Argentina and certain other markets in Latin America.
Food and Ingredients
Saipol S.A.S. Saipol is a joint venture with Sofiproteol, the financial arm of the French oilseed farmers' association. Saipol is engaged in oilseed processing and the sale of branded packaged vegetable oils in France. In December 2009, we sold our 33.34% interest in Saipol to Soprol, Sofiproteol's oilseeds division.
Harinera La Espiga, S.A. de C.V. We are a party to this joint venture in Mexico with Grupo Neva, S.A. de C.V. and Cerrollera, S.A. de C.V. The joint venture has wheat milling and bakery dry mix operations in Mexico. We have a 31.5% interest in the joint venture.
Research and Development, Patents and Licenses
Our research and development activities are focused on developing products and improving processes that will drive growth or otherwise add value to our core business operations. In our food and ingredients division, we have research and development centers located in the United States, Brazil and Hungary to develop and enhance technology and processes associated with food and ingredients development.
Our total research and development expenses were $26 million in 2009, $35 million in 2008 and $34 million in 2007. As of December 31, 2009, our research and development organization consisted of approximately 158 employees worldwide.
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We own trademarks on the majority of the brands we produce in our food and ingredients and fertilizer divisions. We typically obtain long-term licenses for the remainder. We have patents covering some of our products and manufacturing processes. However, we do not consider any of these patents to be material to our business. We believe we have taken appropriate steps to be the owner of or to be entitled to use all intellectual property rights necessary to carry out our business.
Seasonality and Working Capital Needs
In our agribusiness division, while there is a degree of seasonality in the growing season and procurement of our principal raw materials, such as oilseeds and grains, we typically do not experience material fluctuations in volume between the first and second half of the year since we are geographically diversified between the northern and southern hemispheres, and we sell and distribute products throughout the year. However, the first fiscal quarter of a year is typically our weakest quarter in terms of financial results due to the timing of the North and South American oilseed harvests, since the North American harvest is completed in the fourth fiscal quarter and the South American harvest is completed in the second fiscal quarter. As a result, our oilseed processing activities are generally at their lowest levels during the first fiscal quarter. Additionally, price variations and availability of agricultural commodities may cause fluctuations in our inventories, accounts receivable and short-term borrowings over the course of a given year. For example, increased availability of agricultural commodities at harvest times often causes fluctuations in our inventories and borrowings. Additionally, increases in agricultural commodity prices will generally cause our cash flow requirements to increase as our agribusiness operations require increased use of cash to acquire inventories and fund daily settlement requirements on exchange traded futures that we use to hedge our inventories.
In our fertilizer division, we are subject to seasonal trends based on the agricultural growing cycle in Brazil. As a result, we generally build fertilizer inventories in the first half of the year in anticipation of sales to farmers who typically purchase the bulk of their fertilizer needs in the second half of the year. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsResults of Operations2009 Overview."
In our food and ingredients division, there are no significant seasonal effects on our business.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a variety of laws in each of the countries in which we operate which govern various aspects of our business, including the processing, handling, storage and sale of products, mining and port operations and environmental, health and safety matters. To operate our facilities, we must obtain and maintain numerous permits, licenses and approvals from governmental agencies and our facilities are subject to periodic inspection by governmental agencies. In addition, we are subject to other government laws and policies affecting the food and agriculture industries, including food and feed safety and security policies. In the past, grain production shortfalls in certain regions and growing demand for agricultural commodities for feed, food and fuel use caused prices for soybeans, vegetable oils, corn and wheat to rise to historical high levels. High commodity prices have and in the future may lead governments to impose price controls, tariffs, export restrictions and other measures designed to mitigate these price increases in their domestic markets as well as increase the scrutiny of competitive conditions in their markets. While agricultural commodity prices have recently declined from their highest levels, such regulations could have a significant adverse effect on our business in the future.
Additionally, certain recent regulations that had or are expected to have an impact on our industry are described below.
Trans-Fatty Acids Labeling Requirements and Restrictions. As a result of being partially hydrogenated for use in processed and packaged foods to extend shelf-life and stabilize flavor, certain of our soybean oil products contain trans-fatty acids. In 2006, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
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labeling rules took effect requiring food processors to disclose levels of trans-fatty acids contained in their products. In addition, various local governments in the United States are considering, and some have enacted, restrictions on the use of trans-fats in restaurants. Several of our food processor, foodservice and other customers have either switched or indicated an intention to switch to edible oil products with no or lower levels of trans-fatty acids. As a result, we have broadened and are continuing to develop our portfolio of low, reduced and trans-fat free edible oil product offerings for our customers.
Biofuels Legislation. In recent years, there has been increased interest globally in the production of biofuels as alternatives to traditional fossil fuels and as a means of promoting energy independence in certain countries. Biofuels convert crops, such as sugarcane, corn, soybeans, palm, rapeseed or canola, and other oilseeds, into ethanol or biodiesel to extend, enhance or substitute for fossil fuels. Production of biofuels has increased significantly in recent years in response to recent high fossil fuel prices coupled with government incentives for the production of biofuels that are being offered in many countries, including the United States, Brazil, Argentina and many European countries. Furthermore, in certain countries, governmental authorities are mandating biofuels use in transport fuel at specified levels. As such, the markets for agricultural commodities used in the production of biofuels have become increasingly affected by the growth of the biofuel industry and related legislation.
Competitive Position
Markets for most of our products are highly price competitive and many are sensitive to product substitution. Please see the "Competition" section contained in the discussion of each of our operating segments above for a discussion of competitive conditions, including our primary competitors in each segment.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to various environmental protection and occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the countries in which we operate. Our operations may emit or release certain substances, which may be regulated or limited by applicable laws and regulations. In addition, we handle and dispose of materials and wastes classified as hazardous or toxic by one or more regulatory agencies and we incur costs to comply with health, safety and environmental regulations applicable to those activities. We have made and expect to make substantial capital expenditures on an ongoing basis to continue to ensure our compliance with environmental laws and regulations. However, due to our extensive industrial operations across multiple industries and jurisdictions globally, we are exposed to the risk of claims and liabilities under environmental regulations. Violation of these laws and regulations can result in substantial fines, administrative sanctions, criminal penalties, revocations of operating permits and/or shutdowns of our facilities. Additionally, our business could be affected in the future by regulation or taxation of greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change-related legislation is currently pending in the U.S. Congress, and a number of countries who are parties to the Kyoto Protocol are considering additional regulatory measures to combat climate change. It is difficult at this time to estimate the likelihood of passage of any such legislation, or alternatively, the potential impact of any resulting regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. Potential consequences could include increased energy, transportation and raw material costs and may require us to make additional investments in our facilities and equipment. As a result, the effects of climate change could have a long-term adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations did not materially affect our earnings or competitive position in 2009.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2009, we had 25,945 employees. Many of our employees are represented by labor unions, and their employment is governed by collective bargaining agreements. In general, we consider our employee relations to be good.
Risks of Foreign Operations
We are a global business with substantial assets located outside of the United States from which we derive a significant portion of our revenue. Our operations in South America and Europe are a fundamental part of our business. In addition, a key part of our strategy involves expanding our business in several emerging markets, including Eastern Europe and Asia. Volatile economic, political and market conditions in these and other emerging market countries may have a negative impact on our operating results and our ability to achieve our business strategies. For additional information, see the discussion under "Item 1A. Risk Factors."
Insurance
In each country where we conduct business, our operations and assets are subject to varying degrees of risk and uncertainty. Bunge insures its businesses and assets in each country in a manner that it deems appropriate, based on an analysis of the relative risks and costs. In addition, we believe that our geographic dispersion of assets helps mitigate risk to our business from an adverse event affecting a specific facility.
Available Information
Our website address is www.bunge.com. Through the "Investor InformationSEC Filings" section of our website, it is possible to access our periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports. These reports are made available free of charge. Also, filings made pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act with the SEC by our executive officers, directors and other reporting persons with respect to our common shares are made available, free of charge, through our website. Our periodic reports and amendments and the Section 16 filings are available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such report, amendment or filing is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC.
Through the "Investor InformationCorporate Governance" section of our website, it is possible to access copies of the charters for our audit committee, compensation committee, finance and risk policy committee and corporate governance and nominations committee. Our corporate governance guidelines and our code of ethics are also available in this section of our website. Each of these documents is made available, free of charge, through our website.
The foregoing information regarding our website and its content is for your convenience only. The information contained on or connected to our website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in this report or filed with the SEC.
In addition, you may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically. The SEC website address is www.sec.gov.
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Executive Officers and Key Employees of the Company
Set forth below is certain information concerning the executive officers and key employees of the Company.
Name
|
Positions | |
---|---|---|
Alberto Weisser |
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer | |
Andrew J. Burke |
Co-CEO, Bunge Global Agribusiness; Co-CEO, Bunge Product Lines | |
Jacqualyn A. Fouse |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Archibald Gwathmey |
Co-CEO, Bunge Global Agribusiness; Co-CEO, Bunge Product Lines | |
D. Benedict Pearcy |
Chief Development Officer and Managing Director, Sugar and Bioenergy, Bunge Limited | |
Carl L. Hausmann |
Managing Director, Global Government and Corporate Affairs (1) | |
Vicente C. Teixeira |
Chief Personnel Officer | |
Jean-Louis Gourbin |
Chief Executive Officer, Bunge Europe | |
Soren Schroder |
Chief Executive Officer, Bunge North America (1) | |
Raul Padilla |
Chief Executive Officer, Bunge Argentina S.A. | |
Pedro Parente |
President and CEO, Bunge Brazil | |
Christopher White |
Chief Executive Officer, Bunge Asia |
Alberto Weisser, 54. Mr. Weisser is the Chairman of our board of directors and our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Weisser has been with Bunge since July 1993. He has been a member of our board of directors since 1995, was appointed our Chief Executive Officer in January 1999 and became Chairman of the Board of Directors in July 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Weisser held the position of Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Bunge, Mr. Weisser worked for the BASF Group in various finance-related positions for 15 years. Mr. Weisser is also a member of the board of directors of International Paper Company, a member of the North American Agribusiness Advisory Board of Rabobank and a board member of the Council of the Americas. He is a former director of Ferro Corporation. Mr. Weisser has a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Andrew J. Burke, 54. Mr. Burke has been Co-CEO, Bunge Global Agribusiness since November 2006 and is also Co-CEO, Bunge Product Lines. Mr. Burke joined Bunge in January 2002 as Managing Director, Soy Ingredients and New Business Development and later served as Managing Director, New Business. Mr. Burke also served as our interim Chief Financial Officer from April to July 2007. Prior to joining Bunge, Mr. Burke served as Chief Executive Officer of the U.S. subsidiary of Degussa AG. He joined Degussa in 1983, where he held a variety of finance and marketing positions, including Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of the U.S. chemical group. Prior to joining Degussa, Mr. Burke worked for Beecham Pharmaceuticals and was an auditor with Price Waterhouse & Company. Mr. Burke is a graduate of Villanova University and earned an M.B.A. from Manhattan College.
Jacqualyn A. Fouse, 48. Ms. Fouse has been our Chief Financial Officer since July 2007. Prior to joining Bunge, Ms. Fouse served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Strategy at Alcon Laboratories, Inc. since 2006, and as its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 2002. Ms. Fouse served as Chief Financial Officer from 2001 to 2002 at SAirGroup. Previously, Ms. Fouse held a variety of senior finance positions at Alcon and its then majority owner Nestlé S.A. Ms. Fouse worked at Nestlé from 1993 to 2001, including serving as Group Treasurer of Nestlé from 1999 to 2001. Ms. Fouse worked at Alcon from 1986 to 1993 and held several positions,
15
including Manager Corporate Investments and Domestic Finance. Earlier in her career, she worked at Celanese Chemical and LTV Aerospace and Defense. Ms. Fouse earned a B.A. and an M.A. in Economics from the University of Texas at Arlington.
Archibald Gwathmey, 58. Mr. Gwathmey has been Co-CEO, Bunge Global Agribusiness since November 2006 and is also Co-CEO, Bunge Product Lines. He served as Managing Director, Agribusiness from December 2002 to November 2006 and Chief Executive Officer of Bunge Global Markets, Inc., our former international marketing division, from 1999 to 2006. Mr. Gwathmey joined Bunge in 1975 as a trainee and has over 30 years of experience in commodities trading and oilseed processing. Earlier in his career with Bunge, he served as head of the U.S. grain division and head of the U.S. oilseed processing division. Mr. Gwathmey graduated from Harvard College with a B.A. in Classics and English. He has also served as a Director of the National Oilseed Processors Association.
D. Benedict Pearcy, 41. Mr. Pearcy has been our Chief Development Officer and Managing Director, Sugar and Bioenergy since February 2009. Mr. Pearcy joined Bunge in 1995. Prior to his current position, he was most recently based in Europe, where he served as Vice President, South East Europe since 2007 and Vice President, Eastern Europe from 2003 to 2007. Prior to that, he served as Director of Strategic Planning for Bunge Limited from 2001 to 2003. Prior to joining Bunge, Mr. Pearcy worked at McKinsey & Co. in the United Kingdom. He holds a B.A. in Modern History and Economics from Oxford University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Carl L. Hausmann, 63. Effective March 31, 2010, Mr. Hausmann will assume the role of Managing Director, Global Government and Corporate Affairs. Mr. Hausmann currently serves as Chief Executive Officer of Bunge North America, a position he has held since January 2004. Prior to that, he served as Chief Executive Officer of Bunge Europe from October 2002. Prior to that, he was the Chief Executive Officer of Cereol S.A., which was acquired by Bunge in October 2002. Mr. Hausmann was Chief Executive Officer of Cereol since its inception in July 2001. Prior to that, Cereol was a 100% owned subsidiary of Eridania Beghin-Say. Mr. Hausmann worked in various capacities for Eridania Beghin-Say beginning in 1992. From 1978 to 1992, he worked for Continental Grain Company. Mr. Hausmann is the Vice Chair of the Consultative Group on International Ag Research (CGIAR), and also serves as a member of the board of Rabo AgriFinance, a U.S. based wholly owned subsidiary of Rabobank. He has served as Director of the National Oilseed Processors Association and as the President and Director of Fediol, the European Oilseed Processors Association. Mr. Hausmann has a B.S. degree from Boston College and an M.B.A. from INSEAD.
Vicente C. Teixeira, 57. Mr. Teixeira has been our Chief Personnel Officer since February 2008. Prior to joining Bunge, Mr. Teixeira served as director of human resources for Latin America at Dow Chemical and Dow Agrosciences in Brazil since 2001. He joined Dow from Union Carbide, where he served as director of human resources and administration for Latin America and South Africa, starting in 1995. Previously, he had worked at Citibank in Brazil for 21 years, where he ultimately served as human resources vice president for Brazil. Mr. Teixeira has an undergraduate degree in Business Communication and Publicity from Faculdade Integrada Alcantara Machado (FMU/FIAM), a Master of Business Administration from Faculdade Tancredo Neves and an Executive MBA from PDG/EXEC in Brazil.
Jean-Louis Gourbin, 62. Mr. Gourbin has been the Chief Executive Officer of Bunge Europe since January 2004. Prior to that, Mr. Gourbin was with the Danone Group, where he served as Executive Vice President of Danone and President of its Biscuits and Cereal Products division since 1999. Before joining the Danone Group, Mr. Gourbin worked for more than 15 years with the Kellogg Company, where he last occupied the positions of President of Kellogg Europe and Executive Vice President of Kellogg. He has also held positions at Ralston Purina and Corn Products Company. Mr. Gourbin holds both a Bachelor's and a Master's degree in Economics from the Sorbonne.
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Soren Schroder, 48. Effective March 31, 2010, Mr. Schroder will assume the role of Chief Executive Officer of Bunge North America. Mr. Schroder joined Bunge in 2000 and currently serves as Vice President, Agribusiness for Bunge Europe, a position he has held since June 2006. Prior to that, he served in agribusiness leadership roles in the U.S. and Europe. Prior to joining Bunge, he worked for over 15 years at Continental Grain and Cargill.
Raul Padilla, 54. Mr. Padilla is the Chief Executive Officer of Bunge Argentina S.A., our oilseed processing and grain origination subsidiary in Argentina. He joined the company in 1991, becoming Chief Executive Officer and Commercial Director in 1999. Mr. Padilla has approximately 30 years of experience in the oilseed processing and grain handling industries in Argentina, beginning his career with La Plata Cereal in 1977. He serves as President of the Argentine National Oilseed Crushers Association, Vice President of the International Association of Seed Crushers and is a Director of the Buenos Aires Cereal Exchange and the Rosario Futures Exchange. Mr. Padilla is a graduate of the University of Buenos Aires.
Pedro Parente, 57. Mr. Parente has been President and CEO, Bunge Brazil, since joining Bunge in January 2010. From 2003 until December 2009, Mr. Parente served as Chief Operating Officer, Grupo RBS (RBS), a leading Brazilian multimedia company that owns several TV stations, newspapers and radio stations. Prior to joining RBS, Mr. Parente held a variety of high-level posts in the public sector in Brazil. He served as Chief of Staff to the Brazilian President from 1999 to 2002, and as Minister of Planning and Deputy Minister of Finance between 1995 and 1999. Mr. Parente has also served as a consultant to the International Monetary Fund and has worked at the Brazilian Central Bank, Banco do Brasil and in a number of other positions in the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Planning. He is a former Chairman of the Board of Petrobras and Banco do Brasil. He holds a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Brasília, and is a fellow at the George Washington University Center of Latin American Studies.
Christopher White, 57. Mr. White has served as Chief Executive Officer of Bunge Asia since 2006. He joined Bunge as Regional General Manager Asia in March 2003. Over a previous 20-year career with Bristol Myers Squibb, Mr. White served in various capacities, including President of Mead Johnson Nutritionals Worldwide, President of Mead Johnson Nutritionals and Bristol Myers Consumer Products Asia, and Vice President of Finance and Strategy of Mead Johnson. Mr. White is a graduate of Yale University.
Risk Factors
Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of the risks and uncertainties described below. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also impair our financial condition and business operations. See "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industries
Adverse weather conditions, including as a result of future climate change, may adversely affect the availability and price of agricultural commodities and agricultural commodity products, as well as our operations and operating results.
Adverse weather conditions have historically caused volatility in the agricultural commodity industry and consequently in our operating results by causing crop failures or significantly reduced harvests, which may affect the supply and pricing of the agricultural commodities that we sell and use in our business, reduce demand for our fertilizer products and negatively affect the creditworthiness of agricultural producers who do business with us. Our assets and operations may also be affected by adverse weather conditions, such as hurricanes or severe storms, which may result in extensive property
17
damage, extended business interruption, personal injuries and other loss and damage to us. Additionally, the potential physical impacts of climate change are uncertain and may vary by region. These potential effects could include changes in rainfall patterns, water shortages, changing sea levels, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels that could adversely impact our costs and business operations, the location and costs of global agricultural commodity production, and the supply and demand for agricultural commodities. These effects could be material to our results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. Our operations also rely on dependable and efficient transportation services. A disruption in transportation services, as a result of weather conditions or otherwise, may also significantly adversely impact our operations.
We are subject to fluctuations in agricultural commodity and other raw material prices caused by other factors outside of our control that could adversely affect our operating results.
The availability and price of agricultural commodities are also subject to other unpredictable factors outside of our control, including farmer planting decisions, government agriculture programs and policies, demand from the biofuels industry and the occurrence of plant disease that adversely affects crop conditions. These factors may also cause volatility in our agribusiness operating results.
Our food and ingredients and fertilizer divisions may also be adversely affected by fluctuations in the prices of agricultural commodities and fertilizer raw materials, respectively, that are caused by market factors beyond our control. Increases in fertilizer prices due to higher raw material costs have in the past and could in the future adversely affect demand for our fertilizer products. Additionally, as a result of competitive conditions in our food and ingredients and fertilizer businesses, we may not be able to recoup higher raw material costs through increases in sales prices for our products, which may adversely affect our profitability. Moreover, we carry our fertilizer inventories at the lower of cost or market. In periods when the market price for fertilizer is falling rapidly in response to falling market prices for raw materials, we could be required to write down the value of our fertilizer inventories if market prices fall below our costs. Any such write-down would adversely affect our results of operations and the value of our assets, and any such effect could be material.
We are subject to global and regional economic downturns and risks relating to turmoil in global financial markets.
The level of demand for our products is affected by global and regional demographic and macroeconomic conditions, including population growth rates and changes in standards of living. A significant downturn in global economic growth, or recessionary conditions in major geographic regions, may lead to reduced demand for agricultural commodities which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Additionally, weak global economic conditions and turmoil in global financial markets, including constraints on the availability of credit, have in the past adversely affected, and may in the future continue to adversely affect, the financial condition and creditworthiness of some of our customers, suppliers and other counterparties, including counterparties to derivative financial instruments, which in turn may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" for more information.
We are vulnerable to the effects of supply and demand imbalances in our industries.
In our agribusiness operations, the lead time required to build an oilseed processing plant can make it difficult to time capacity additions with market demand for processed oilseed products such as meal and oil. When additional processing capacity becomes operational, a temporary imbalance between the supply and demand for oilseed meal and oil might exist, which, until the supply/demand balance is restored, negatively impacts oilseed processing operating results. This is also the case in the fertilizer industry, as availability of raw materials and production capacity for fertilizer products may
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not always be aligned with market demand. During times of reduced market demand, we may suspend or reduce production at some of our facilities. The extent to which we efficiently manage available capacity at our facilities will affect our profitability.
We are subject to economic and political instability and other risks of doing business globally and in emerging markets.
We are a global business with substantial assets located outside of the United States. Our operations in South America and Europe are a fundamental part of our business. In addition, a key part of our strategy involves expanding our business in several emerging market regions, including Eastern Europe and Asia. Volatile international economic, political and market conditions may have a negative impact on our operating results and our ability to achieve our business strategies.
Due to the international nature of our business, we are exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations as a significant portion of our net sales and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies, particularly the Brazilian real, the Argentine peso and the euro and certain Eastern European currencies, affect our revenues and expenses that are denominated in local currencies, affect farm economics in those regions and may have a negative impact on the value of our assets located outside of the United States.
We are also exposed to other risks of international operations, including:
These risks could adversely affect our operations, business strategies and operating results.
Government policies and regulations, particularly those affecting the agricultural sector and related industries, could adversely affect our operations and profitability.
Agricultural commodity production and trade flows are significantly affected by government policies and regulations. Governmental policies affecting the agricultural industry, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, import and export restrictions on agricultural commodities and commodity products and energy policies, can influence industry profitability, the planting of certain crops versus other uses of agricultural resources, the location and size of crop production, whether unprocessed or processed
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commodity products are traded and the volume and types of imports and exports. In addition, international trade disputes can adversely affect agricultural commodity trade flows by limiting or disrupting trade between countries or regions.
Increase in prices for, among other things, food, fuel and crop inputs, such as fertilizers, have in the past been the subject of significant discussion by governmental bodies and the public throughout the world. In some countries, this has led to the imposition of policies such as price controls, tariffs and export restrictions on agricultural commodities. Future governmental policies, regulations or actions affecting our industries may adversely affect the supply of, demand for and prices of our products, restrict our ability to do business in existing and target markets and cause our financial results to suffer.
Increases in commodity and fertilizer prices can increase the scrutiny to which we are subject under antitrust laws.
We are subject to antitrust and competition laws in various countries throughout the world. We cannot predict how these laws or their interpretation, administration and enforcement will change over time, particularly in periods of significant price fluctuations in our industries. Changes or developments in antitrust laws globally, or in their interpretation, administration or enforcement, may limit our existing or future operations and growth. Increases in food and crop nutrient prices that occurred in 2007 and 2008 have resulted in increased scrutiny of our industries under antitrust and competition laws in Europe and countries such as Brazil, and increase the risk that these laws could be interpreted, administered or enforced in a manner that could affect our operations or impose liability on us in a manner that could materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
We may not realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances or divestitures.
We have been an active acquirer of other companies, and we have strategic alliances and joint ventures with several partners. Part of our strategy involves acquisitions, alliances and joint ventures designed to expand and enhance our business. Our ability to benefit from acquisitions, joint ventures and alliances depends on many factors, including our ability to identify suitable prospects, access funding sources on acceptable terms, negotiate favorable transaction terms and successfully consummate and integrate any businesses we acquire. In addition, we may decide, from time to time, to divest certain of our assets or businesses. Our ability to successfully complete a divestiture will depend on, among other things, our ability to identify buyers that are prepared to acquire such assets or businesses on acceptable terms.
Our acquisition or divestiture activities may involve unanticipated delays, costs and other problems. If we encounter unexpected problems with one of our acquisitions, alliances or divestitures, our senior management may be required to divert attention away from other aspects of our businesses to address these problems. Additionally, we may fail to consummate proposed acquisitions or divestitures, after incurring expenses and devoting substantial resources, including management time, to such transactions. Acquisitions also pose the risk that we may be exposed to successor liability relating to actions by an acquired company and its management before the acquisition. The due diligence we conduct in connection with an acquisition, and any contractual guarantees or indemnities that we receive from the sellers of acquired companies, may not be sufficient to protect us from, or compensate us for, actual liabilities. A material liability associated with an acquisition could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations and reduce the benefits of the acquisition. Divestitures may also expose us to potential liabilities or claims for indemnification as we may be required to retain certain liabilities or indemnify buyers for certain matters, including environmental or litigation matters, associated with the assets or businesses that we sell. The magnitude of any such retained liability or indemnification obligation may be difficult to quantify at the time of the transaction, and its cost to us could ultimately exceed the proceeds we receive for the divested assets or businesses.
20
We are subject to food and feed industry risks.
We are subject to food and feed industry risks which include, but are not limited to, spoilage, contamination, tampering or other adulteration of products, product recalls, government regulation, including regulations regarding food and feed safety, trans-fatty acids and genetically modified organisms (GMOs), shifting customer and consumer preferences and concerns, and potential product liability claims. These matters could adversely affect our business and operating results.
In addition, certain of our products are used as, or as ingredients in, livestock and poultry feed, and as such, we are subject to demand risks relating to the outbreak of disease associated with livestock and poultry, including avian or swine influenza. A severe or prolonged decline in demand for our products as a result of the outbreak of disease could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
We face intense competition in each of our businesses.
We face significant competition in each of our businesses and we have numerous competitors, some of which are larger and have greater financial resources than we have. As many of the products we sell are global commodities, the markets for our products are highly price competitive and in many cases sensitive to product substitution. In addition, to compete effectively, we must continuously focus on improving efficiency in our production and distribution operations, as well as developing and maintaining appropriate market share, and customer relationships. Competition could cause us to lose market share, exit certain lines of business, increase marketing or other expenditures or reduce pricing, each of which could have an adverse effect on our business and profitability.
We are subject to environmental, health and safety regulation in numerous jurisdictions. We may be subject to substantial costs, liabilities and other adverse effects on our business relating to these matters.
Our operations are regulated by environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the countries where we operate, including those governing the labeling, use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials. These laws and regulations require us to implement procedures for the handling of hazardous materials and for operating in potentially hazardous conditions, and they impose liability on us for the cleanup of environmental contamination. In addition to liabilities arising out of our current and future operations for which we have ongoing processes to manage compliance with environmental obligations, we may be subject to liabilities for past operations at current facilities and in some cases to liabilities for past operations at facilities that we no longer own or operate. We may also be subject to liabilities for operations of acquired companies. We may incur material costs or liabilities to comply with environmental, health and safety requirements. In addition, our industrial activities can result in serious accidents that could result in personal injuries, facility shutdowns, reputational harm to our business and/or cause us to expend significant amounts to remediate safety issues or repair damaged facilities.
In addition, continued government and public emphasis in countries where we operate on environmental issues, including climate change, conservation and natural resource management, could result in new or more stringent forms of regulatory oversight of our industries, which may lead to increased levels of expenditures for environmental controls, land use restrictions affecting us or our suppliers and other conditions that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, certain aspects of Bunge's business and the larger food production chain generate carbon emissions. The imposition of regulatory restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, which may include limitations on greenhouse gas emissions, other restrictions on industrial operations, taxes or emission allowance fees on greenhouse gas emissions and other measures could affect land-use decisions, the cost of agricultural production and the cost and means of processing and transport of our products, which could adversely affect our business, cash flows and results of operations.
21
We are exposed to credit and counterparty risk relating to our customers in the ordinary course of business. In particular, we advance significant capital and provide other financing arrangements to farmers in Brazil and, as a result, our business and financial results may be adversely affected if these farmers are unable to repay the capital advanced to them.
We have various credit terms with customers, and our customers have varying degrees of creditworthiness, which exposes us to the risk of nonpayment or other default under our contracts and other arrangements with them. In the event that we experience significant defaults on their payment obligations to us, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, could be materially and adversely affected.
In Brazil, where there are limited third-party financing sources available to farmers, we provide financing services to farmers from whom we purchase soybeans and other agricultural commodities through prepaid commodity purchase contracts and advances, which are typically secured by the farmer's crop and a mortgage on the farmer's land and other assets. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, we had approximately $682 million and $783 million in outstanding prepaid commodity purchase contracts and advances to farmers. We are exposed to the risk that the underlying crop will be insufficient to satisfy a farmer's obligation under the financing arrangements as a result of weather and crop growing conditions, and other factors that influence the price, supply and demand for agricultural commodities. In addition, any collateral held by us as part of these financing transactions may not be sufficient to fully protect us from loss.
We also sell fertilizer on credit to farmers in Brazil. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, our total fertilizer segment accounts receivable were $618 million and $586 million, respectively. During 2009, approximately 21% of our fertilizer sales were made on credit. Furthermore, in connection with our fertilizer sales, we issue guarantees to a financial institution in Brazil related to amounts owed the institution by certain of our farmer customers. For additional information on these guarantees, see Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements included as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the event that the customers default on their obligations to either us or the financial institution under these financing arrangements, we would be required to recognize the associated bad debt expense or perform under the guarantees, as the case may be. Significant defaults by farmers under these financial arrangements could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
We are a capital intensive business and depend on cash provided by our operations as well as access to external financing to operate and expand our business.
We require significant amounts of capital to operate our business and fund capital expenditures. In addition, our working capital needs are directly affected by the prices of agricultural commodities, with increases in commodity prices generally causing increases in our borrowing levels. We are also required to make substantial capital expenditures to maintain, upgrade and expand our extensive network of storage facilities, processing plants, refineries, mills, mines, ports, transportation assets and other facilities to keep pace with competitive developments, technological advances and changing safety and environmental standards in our industry. Furthermore, the expansion of our business and pursuit of acquisitions or other business opportunities may require us to have access to significant amounts of capital. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows or raise sufficient external financing on attractive terms to fund these activities, including as a result of the current severe tightening in the global credit markets, we may be forced to limit our operations and growth plans, which may adversely impact our competitiveness and, therefore, our results of operations.
As of December 31, 2009, we had approximately $3,452 million unused and available borrowing capacity under various committed short- and long-term credit facilities and $3,815 million in total indebtedness. Our indebtedness could limit our ability to obtain additional financing, limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the markets in which we compete, place us at a competitive
22
disadvantage compared to our competitors that are less leveraged than we are and require us to dedicate more cash on a relative basis to servicing our debt and less to developing our business. This may limit our ability to run our business and use our resources in the manner in which we would like. Furthermore, difficult conditions in global credit or financial markets generally could adversely impact our ability to refinance maturing debt or the cost or other terms of such refinancing, as well as adversely affect the financial position of the lenders with whom we do business, which may reduce our ability to obtain financing for our operations. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources."
In October 2009, S&P placed its BBB- (stable outlook) credit ratings on Bunge on 'CreditWatch' with negative implications. This indicates that S&P intends to conduct a review of our credit ratings and could either lower or affirm its ratings following the completion of such review. Additionally, in December 2009, Moody's revised the outlook on our long-term credit ratings to negative from stable. Our debt agreements do not have any credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity of our debt. However, credit rating downgrades would increase our borrowing costs under our credit facilities and potentially certain senior notes, and depending on their severity, could impede our ability to renew existing or to obtain new credit facilities or access the capital markets in the future on favorable terms. We may also be required to post collateral or provide third-party credit support under certain agreements as a result of such downgrades. A significant increase in our borrowing costs could impair our ability to compete effectively in our business relative to competitors with higher credit ratings.
Our risk management strategies may not be effective.
Our business is affected by fluctuations in agricultural commodity prices, transportation costs, energy prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We engage in hedging transactions to manage these risks. However, our hedging strategies may not be successful in minimizing our exposure to these fluctuations. In addition, our control procedures and risk management policies may not successfully prevent our traders from entering into transactions that have the potential to impair our financial position. See "Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk."
Risks Relating to Our Common Shares
We are a Bermuda company, and it may be difficult for you to enforce judgments against us and our directors and executive officers.
We are a Bermuda exempted company. As a result, the rights of holders of our common shares will be governed by Bermuda law and our memorandum of association and bye-laws. The rights of shareholders under Bermuda law may differ from the rights of shareholders of companies or corporations incorporated in other jurisdictions. Most of our directors and some of our officers are not residents of the United States, and a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of those directors and officers are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process on those persons in the United States or to enforce in the U.S. judgments obtained in U.S. courts against us or those persons based on civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws. It is doubtful whether courts in Bermuda will enforce judgments obtained in other jurisdictions, including the United States, against us or our directors or officers under the securities laws of those jurisdictions or entertain actions in Bermuda against us or our directors or officers under the securities laws of other jurisdictions.
Our bye-laws restrict shareholders from bringing legal action against our officers and directors.
Our bye-laws contain a broad waiver by our shareholders of any claim or right of action, both individually and on our behalf, against any of our officers or directors. The waiver applies to any action taken by an officer or director, or the failure of an officer or director to take any action, in the performance of his or her duties, except with respect to any matter involving any fraud or dishonesty
23
on the part of the officer or director. This waiver limits the right of shareholders to assert claims against our officers and directors unless the act, or failure to act, involves fraud or dishonesty.
We have anti-takeover provisions in our bye-laws that may discourage a change of control.
Our bye-laws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions provide for:
These provisions, as well as any additional anti-takeover measures our board could adopt in the future, could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us, even if the third-party's offer may be considered beneficial by many shareholders. As a result, shareholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares.
We may become a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. investors.
Adverse U.S. federal income tax rules apply to U.S. investors owning shares of a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC, directly or indirectly. We will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes if 50% or more of our assets, including goodwill (based on an annual quarterly average), are passive assets, or 75% or more of our annual gross income is derived from passive assets. The calculation of goodwill will be based, in part, on the then market value of our common shares, which is subject to change. Based on certain estimates of our gross income and gross assets and relying on certain exceptions in the applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, we do not believe that we are currently a PFIC. Such a characterization could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. investors in our common shares. In particular, absent an election described below, a U.S. investor would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at ordinary income tax rates, plus a possible interest charge, in respect of gain derived from a disposition of our common shares, as well as certain distributions by us. In addition, a step-up in the tax basis of our common shares would not be available upon the death of an individual shareholder, and the preferential U.S. federal income tax rates generally applicable to dividends on our common shares held by certain U.S. investors would not apply. Since PFIC status is determined on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the nature of our activities from time to time, we cannot assure you that we will not be considered a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, U.S. investors may desire to make an election to treat us as a "qualified electing fund" with respect to shares owned (a QEF election), in which case U.S. investors will be required to take into account a pro rata share of our earnings and net capital gain for each year, regardless of whether we make any distributions. As an alternative to the QEF election, a U.S. investor may be able to make an election to "mark to market" our common shares each taxable year and recognize ordinary income pursuant to such election based upon increases in the value of our common shares.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
The following tables provide information on our principal operating facilities as of December 31, 2009.
Facilities by Division
|
Aggregate Daily Production Capacity |
Aggregate Storage Capacity |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(metric tons) |
||||||
Division |
|||||||
Agribusiness |
155,177 | 16,816,448 | |||||
Fertilizer |
161,674 | 3,255,093 | |||||
Food and Ingredients |
47,232 | 921,422 |
Facilities by Geographic Region
|
Aggregate Daily Production Capacity |
Aggregate Storage Capacity |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(metric tons) |
||||||
Region |
|||||||
North America |
64,090 | 6,546,524 | |||||
South America |
244,841 | 12,068,848 | |||||
Europe |
43,822 | 2,063,029 | |||||
Asia |
11,330 | 314,562 |
In addition, we operate various port facilities either directly or through alliances and joint ventures. Our corporate headquarters in White Plains, New York, occupy approximately 51,000 square feet of space under a lease that expires in February 2013. We also lease other office space for our operations worldwide.
We believe that our facilities are adequate to address our operational requirements.
Agribusiness
In our agribusiness operations, we have 174 commodity storage facilities globally that are located close to agricultural production areas or export locations. We also have 56 oilseed processing plants globally. We wholly own or have majority interests in seven sugarcane mills and one greenfield mill currently under construction in Brazil. We have 61 marketing and distribution offices throughout the world.
Fertilizer
In our fertilizer division, we currently operate four phosphate mines in Brazil, two of which are wholly owned by us and the remaining two of which are owned by Fosfertil. In addition to our phosphate mines, we also operate 41 fertilizer processing and blending plants that are strategically located in the key fertilizer consumption regions of Brazil, thereby reducing transportation costs to
25
deliver our products to our customers. Our mines are operated under concessions from the Brazilian government. The following table sets forth information about the phosphate production of our mines:
|
Annual Phosphate Production for the Year Ended December 31, 2009 |
Estimated Years of Reserves Remaining |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name
|
(metric tons) |
||||||
Araxá |
1,009,000 | 21 | (1) | ||||
Cajati |
552,000 | 28 | (1) | ||||
Catalão (2) |
701,000 | 29 | (2) | ||||
Tapira (2) |
2,088,000 | 51 | (2) |
In addition to the mines listed above, we also have interests in three additional phosphate mines, Salitre, Anitápolis and Araxá CBMM, with proven reserves where production has not yet commenced. Our interest in Anitápolis is through an interest in an unconsolidated joint venture. The production capacity of each of the Salitre, Anitápolis and Araxá CBMM mines is estimated to be approximately 2 million, 300,000 and 650,000 metric tons of phosphate rock per year, respectively. At this production level, the number of years until depletion of the phosphate reserves is expected to be 97 years for Salitre, 15 years for Anitápolis and 20 years for Araxá CBMM. All of these mining assets will be included in the sale of our fertilizer nutrients assets to Vale.
Food and Ingredients
In our food and ingredients operations, we have 68 refining, packaging and milling facilities dedicated to our food and ingredients operations throughout the world.
We are party to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. Although we cannot accurately predict the amount of any liability that may ultimately arise with respect to any of these matters, we make provision for potential liabilities when we deem them probable and reasonably estimable. These provisions are based on current information and legal advice and are adjusted from time to time according to developments. We do not expect the outcome of these proceedings, net of established reserves, to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Due to their inherent uncertainty, however, there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome of current or future litigation, proceedings, investigations, or claims.
We are subject to income and other taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions and we are regularly under audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation or other proceedings could be materially different than that which is reflected in our tax provisions and accruals. Should additional taxes be assessed as a result of an audit or litigation, a material effect on our income tax provision and net
26
income in the period or periods for which that determination is made could result. For example, our Brazilian subsidiaries are subject to numerous pending tax claims by Brazilian federal, state and local tax authorities. We have reserved an aggregate $132 million as of December 31, 2009 in respect of these claims. The Brazilian tax claims relate to income tax claims, value added tax claims and sales tax claims. The determination of the manner in which various Brazilian federal, state and municipal taxes apply to our operations is subject to varying interpretations arising from the complex nature of Brazilian tax laws and changes in those laws. In addition, we have numerous claims pending against Brazilian federal, state and local tax authorities to recover taxes previously paid by us. For more information, see Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements included as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We are also a party to a large number of labor claims relating to our Brazilian operations. We have reserved an aggregate of $92 million as of December 31, 2009 in respect of these claims. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits.
In July 2008, the European Commission commenced an investigation into whether certain traders and distributors of cereals and other agricultural products in the E.U., including Bunge, have infringed European competition laws. In December 2009, we were notified that the European Commission has closed this investigation.
In December 2006, Fosfertil announced a corporate reorganization intended to allow it to capture synergies and better compete in the domestic and international fertilizer market. As part of the proposed reorganization, our wholly owned subsidiary Bunge Fertilizantes would become a subsidiary of Fosfertil, and our combined direct and indirect ownership of Fosfertil would increase. The reorganization is subject to approval by Fosfertil's shareholders. Certain shareholders of Fosfertil who are affiliated with the Mosaic Company and Yara International ASA filed legal challenges to the proposed reorganization in the Brazilian courts, including a suit that was pending before the highest appellate court in Brazil (Superior Tribunal de Justiça, or the Superior Court of Justice) since September 2008. In August 2009, the Superior Court of Justice ruled in our favor on the merits of the case. Subsequently, these minority shareholders filed motions seeking clarification of this court decision, but such motions were rejected by the Superior Court of Justice in December 2009. The proposed reorganization is also the subject of other lawsuits filed by these shareholders and is also subject to governmental approvals in Brazil. In light of the pending sale of our direct and indirect interest in Fosfertil to Vale, we do not anticipate that the proposed reorganization will be effected. These shareholders have also recently agreed to sell their direct and indirect interests in Fosfertil to Vale. Accordingly, we are unsure as to whether following such sale, they will continue to pursue these lawsuits. If they do, we intend to vigorously defend the decision of the Superior Court of Justice in our favor.
In April 2000, we acquired Manah S.A., a Brazilian fertilizer company that had an indirect participation in Fosfertil. This acquisition was approved by the Brazilian antitrust commission in February 2004. The approval was conditioned on the formalization of an operational agreement between us and the antitrust commission relating to the maintenance of existing competitive conditions in the fertilizer market. Although the terms of the operational agreement have not yet been approved, we do not expect them to have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results or to impede the sale of our Brazilian fertilizer nutrients assets, including our interest in Fosfertil, to Vale.
There is no disclosure required under this Item.
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Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices of our common shares, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.
|
High | Low | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(US$) |
||||||
2010 |
|||||||
First quarter (to February 19, 2010) |
$ | 71.29 | $ | 56.90 | |||
2009 |
|||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 68.51 | $ | 57.06 | |||
Third quarter |
72.41 | 54.44 | |||||
Second quarter |
67.89 | 46.58 | |||||
First quarter |
59.33 | 41.61 | |||||
2008 |
|||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 63.00 | $ | 29.99 | |||
Third quarter |
105.04 | 60.10 | |||||
Second quarter |
124.48 | 87.92 | |||||
First quarter |
133.00 | 86.88 | |||||
2007 |
|||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 124.23 | $ | 91.74 | |||
Third quarter |
107.45 | 81.00 | |||||
Second quarter |
84.50 | 71.81 | |||||
First quarter |
85.26 | 70.13 |
To our knowledge, based on information provided by Mellon Investor Services LLC, our transfer agent, as of December 31, 2009, we had 134,096,906 common shares outstanding which were held by approximately 178 registered holders.
Dividend Policy
We intend to pay cash dividends to holders of our common shares on a quarterly basis. In addition, holders of our 4.875% cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares are entitled to annual dividends in the amount of $4.875 per year and holders of our 5.125% cumulative mandatory convertible preference shares are entitled to annual dividends in the amount of $51.25, in each case payable quarterly when, as and if declared by the board of directors in accordance with the terms of such preference shares. Any future determination to pay dividends will, subject to the provisions of Bermuda law, be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon then existing conditions, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual and other relevant legal or regulatory restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.
Under Bermuda law, a company's board of directors may not declare or pay dividends from time to time if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due or that the realizable value of its assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and issued share capital and share premium accounts. Under our bye-laws, each common share is entitled to dividends if, as and when dividends are declared by our board of directors, subject to any preferred dividend right of the holders of any preference shares. There are no restrictions on our ability to transfer funds (other than funds
28
denominated in Bermuda dollars) in or out of Bermuda or to pay dividends to U.S. residents who are holders of our common shares.
We paid quarterly dividends on our common shares of $.19 per share in the first two quarters of 2009 and $.21 per share in the last two quarters of 2009. We paid quarterly dividends on our common shares of $.17 per share in the first two quarters of 2008 and $.19 per share in the last two quarters of 2008. We will pay a regular quarterly cash dividend of $.21 per share on March 2, 2010 to shareholders of record on February 16, 2010. In addition, we paid a quarterly dividend of $1.21875 per share on our cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares and a quarterly dividend of $12.8125 per share on our cumulative mandatory convertible preference shares, in each case on March 1, 2010 to shareholders of record on February 15, 2010.
Performance Graph
The performance graph shown below compares the quarterly change in cumulative total shareholder return on our common shares with the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 Stock Index and the S&P Food Products Index from December 31, 2004 through the quarter ended December 31, 2009. The graph sets the beginning value of our common shares and the Indices at $100, and assumes that all dividends are reinvested. All Index values are weighted by the capitalization of the companies included in the Index.
COMPARISON OF 5-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
AMONG BUNGE LIMITED,
S&P 500 INDEX AND S&P FOOD PRODUCTS INDEX
Sales of Unregistered Securities
The information required by this item has been previously reported on Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 29, 2009 and on January 12, 2010.
29
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth certain information, as of December 31, 2009, with respect to our equity compensation plans.
|
(a) | (b) | (c) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plan category
|
Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) |
|||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders (1) |
5,794,606 | (2) | $ | 56.32 | (3) | 10,471,610 | (4) | |||
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders (5) |
14,988 | (6) | | (7) | | (8) | ||||
Total |
5,809,594 | $ | 56.32 | 10,471,610 | ||||||
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Purchases of Equity Securities by Registrant and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial information for the periods indicated. You should read this information together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The consolidated statements of income and cash flow data for each of the three years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of income and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
31
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(US$ in millions) |
|||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Income Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 41,926 | $ | 52,574 | $ | 37,842 | $ | 26,274 | $ | 24,377 | ||||||
Cost of goods sold |
(40,722 | ) | (48,538 | ) | (35,327 | ) | (24,703 | ) | (22,806 | ) | ||||||
Gross profit |
1,204 | 4,036 | 2,515 | 1,571 | 1,571 | |||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
(1,342 | ) | (1,613 | ) | (1,359 | ) | (978 | ) | (956 | ) | ||||||
Interest income |
122 | 214 | 166 | 119 | 104 | |||||||||||
Interest expense |
(283 | ) | (361 | ) | (353 | ) | (280 | ) | (231 | ) | ||||||
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |
469 | (749 | ) | 217 | 59 | (22 | ) | |||||||||
Other income (expense)net |
(25 | ) | 10 | 15 | 31 | 22 | ||||||||||
Income from operations before income tax |
145 | 1,537 | 1,201 | 522 | 488 | |||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
110 | (245 | ) | (310 | ) | 36 | 82 | |||||||||
Income from operations after income tax |
255 | 1,292 | 891 | 558 | 570 | |||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates |
80 | 34 | 33 | 23 | 31 | |||||||||||
Net income |
335 | 1,326 | 924 | 581 | 601 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest |
26 | (262 | ) | (146 | ) | (60 | ) | (71 | ) | |||||||
Net income attributable to Bunge |
361 | 1,064 | 778 | 521 | 530 | |||||||||||
Convertible preference share dividends |
(78 | ) | (78 | ) | (40 | ) | (4 | ) | | |||||||
Net income available to common shareholders |
$ | 283 | $ | 986 | $ | 738 | $ | 517 | $ | 530 | ||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(US$, except outstanding share data) |
|||||||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Earnings per common sharebasic (1) |
||||||||||||||||
Earnings to Bunge common shareholders |
$ | 2.24 | $ | 8.11 | $ | 6.11 | $ | 4.32 | $ | 4.73 | ||||||
Earnings per common sharediluted (2) (3) |
||||||||||||||||
Earnings to Bunge common shareholders |
$ | 2.22 | $ | 7.73 | $ | 5.95 | $ | 4.28 | $ | 4.43 | ||||||
Cash dividends declared per common share |
$ | .82 | $ | .74 | $ | .67 | $ | .63 | $ | .56 | ||||||
Weighted average common shares outstandingbasic |
126,448,071 | 121,527,580 | 120,718,134 | 119,566,423 | 112,131,739 | |||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstandingdiluted (2) (3) |
127,669,822 | 137,591,266 | 130,753,807 | 120,849,357 | 120,853,928 |
32
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(US$ in millions) |
|||||||||||||||
Consolidated Cash Flow Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash (used for) provided by operating activities |
$ | (368 | ) | $ | 2,543 | $ | (411 | ) | $ | (289 | ) | $ | 382 | |||
Cash used for investing activities |
(952 | ) | (1,106 | ) | (794 | ) | (611 | ) | (480 | ) | ||||||
Cash provided (used for) by financing activities |
774 | (1,146 | ) | 1,762 | 891 | 21 |
|
December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(US$ in millions) |
|||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 553 | $ | 1,004 | $ | 981 | $ | 365 | $ | 354 | ||||||
Inventories (4) |
4,862 | 5,653 | 5,924 | 3,684 | 2,769 | |||||||||||
Working capital |
5,576 | 5,102 | 5,684 | 3,878 | 2,947 | |||||||||||
Total assets |
21,286 | 20,230 | 21,991 | 14,347 | 11,446 | |||||||||||
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt |
197 | 551 | 1,112 | 610 | 589 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt |
3,618 | 3,032 | 3,435 | 2,874 | 2,557 | |||||||||||
Mandatory convertible preference shares (2) |
863 | 863 | 863 | | | |||||||||||
Convertible perpetual preference shares (2) |
690 | 690 | 690 | 690 | | |||||||||||
Common shares and additional paid-in-capital |
3,626 | 2,850 | 2,761 | 2,691 | 2,631 | |||||||||||
Total equity |
$ | 10,365 | $ | 8,128 | $ | 8,697 | $ | 6,078 | $ | 4,551 |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
(in millions of metric tons) |
|||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Volumes: |
||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
119.7 | 117.7 | 114.4 | 99.8 | 97.5 | |||||||||||
Fertilizer |
11.6 | 11.1 | 13.1 | 11.6 | 11.5 | |||||||||||
Food and ingredients: |
||||||||||||||||
Edible oil products |
5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.3 | |||||||||||
Milling products |
4.3 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | |||||||||||
Total food and ingredients |
10.0 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 8.2 | |||||||||||
Total volume |
141.3 | 138.4 | 137.0 | 120.1 | 117.2 |
33
to a maximum of an additional $25 per share. As a result of adjustments made to the initial conversion price because cash dividends paid on Bunge Limited's common shares exceeded certain specified thresholds, each cumulative convertible preference share is convertible, at the holder's option, at any time, into approximately 1.0891 Bunge Limited common shares (7,514,790 Bunge Limited common shares), subject to certain additional anti-dilution adjustments. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2006 does not include the weighted average common shares that were issuable upon conversion of the preference shares as they were not dilutive for such period.
Item 6A. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following should be read in conjunction with "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and our combined consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operating Results
Factors Affecting Operating Results
Our results of operations are affected by key factors in each of our business divisions as discussed below.
Agribusiness
In the agribusiness division, we purchase, store, transport, process and sell agricultural commodities and commodity products. Profitability in this division is affected by the availability and market prices of agricultural commodities and processed commodity products and the availability and costs of energy, transportation and logistics services. Profitability in our oilseed processing operations is also impacted by capacity utilization rates. Availability of agricultural commodities is affected by many factors, including weather, farmer planting decisions, plant disease, governmental policies and agricultural sector economic conditions. Demand for our agribusiness products is affected by many factors, including changes in global or regional economic conditions, the financial condition of customers, including customer access to credit, worldwide consumption of food products, particularly pork and poultry, changes in population growth rates, changes in per capita incomes, the relative prices of substitute agricultural products, outbreaks of disease associated with livestock and poultry, and, in the past few years, by demand for renewable fuels produced from agricultural commodities and commodity products.
34
We expect that the factors described above will continue to affect global supply and demand for our agribusiness products. We also expect that, from time to time, imbalances may exist between oilseed processing capacity and demand for oilseed products in certain regions, which impacts our decisions regarding whether, when and where to purchase, store, transport, process or sell these commodities, including whether to change the location of or adjust our own oilseed processing capacity.
Fertilizer
In the fertilizer division, demand for our products is affected by the profitability of the Brazilian agricultural sector, the availability of credit to farmers in Brazil, agricultural commodity prices, international fertilizer prices, the types of crops planted, the number of acres planted, the quality of the land under cultivation and weather-related issues affecting the success of the harvest. In addition, our profitability is impacted by international selling prices for imported fertilizers and fertilizer raw materials, such as phosphate, sulfur, ammonia and urea, and ocean freight rates and other import fees. The Brazilian fertilizer business is also a seasonal business with fertilizer sales normally concentrated in the third and fourth quarters of the year due to the timing of the major Brazilian agricultural cycle. As a result, we have generally imported and mined raw materials and produced finished goods during the first half of the year in preparation for the main Brazilian cultivation season that occurs during the second half of the year.
Food and Ingredients
In the food and ingredients division, which consists of our edible oil products and milling products segments, our operating results are affected by changes in the prices of raw materials, such as crude vegetable oils and grains, the mix of products we sell, changes in eating habits, changes in per capita incomes, consumer purchasing power levels, availability of credit to commercial customers, governmental dietary guidelines and policies, changes in general economic conditions and competitive environment in our markets.
In addition to the above industry-related factors which impact our business divisions, our results of operations are affected by the following factors:
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Due to the global nature of our operations, our operating results can be materially impacted by foreign currency exchange rates. Both translation of our foreign subsidiaries' financial statements and foreign currency transactions can affect our results. On a monthly basis, local currency-based subsidiary statements of income and cash flows are translated into U.S. dollars for consolidation purposes based on weighted average exchange rates during the monthly period. As a result, fluctuations of local currencies compared to the U.S. dollar during a monthly period impact our consolidated statements of income and cash flows for that period and also affect comparisons between periods. Subsidiary balance sheets are translated using exchange rates as of the balance sheet date with the resulting translation adjustments reported in our consolidated balance sheets as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Included in accumulated other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2009 were foreign exchange net translation gains of $1,062 million and for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were foreign exchange net translation losses of $1,346 million and foreign exchange net translation gains of $731 million, respectively, resulting from the translation of our foreign subsidiaries' assets and liabilities.
Additionally, we record transaction gains or losses on monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries that are not denominated in their local currencies. These amounts are remeasured into their respective subsidiary functional currencies at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date, with the
35
resulting gains or losses included in the subsidiary's statement of income and, therefore, in our consolidated statements of income as a foreign exchange gain (loss).
From time to time we also enter into derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options, to limit our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates with respect to our foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities and our local currency operating expenses. These derivative instruments are marked-to-market, with changes in their fair value recognized as a component of foreign exchange in our consolidated statements of income. We may also hedge other foreign currency exposures as management deems appropriate.
The translation of functional currency costs and expenses at monthly average exchange rates also impacts the comparison of our financial statements between periods. In 2009, the U.S. dollar weakened against most major currencies, including the Brazilian real. The real appreciated 34% at December 31, 2009 when compared to the rate at December 31, 2008, which results in an increase in translated assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2009 compared with the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008. However, the average real-U.S. dollar exchange rate during the 2009 year was R$2.000 compared to an average of R$1.835 during the full year 2008, which represents a weakening in the yearly average exchange of 9%. The impact on our financial statements of the weaker average real rate during 2009 when compared with 2008 is a decrease in translated local currency costs and expenses for 2009. In 2008, the real depreciated 24% against the U.S. dollar at December 31, 2008 when compared to the rate at December 31, 2007, resulting in a decrease in translated assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 compared with the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2007. The average real-U.S. dollar exchange rate for 2008 was R$1.835, compared to R$1.948 in 2007, which represents a 6% strengthening in 2008 in the average value of the real versus the U.S. dollar. The impact of the stronger average real rate during 2008 when compared with 2007 is an increase in translated local currency costs and expenses for 2008.
We use long-term intercompany loans to reduce our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in Brazil, particularly their effects on our results of operations. These loans do not require cash payment of principal and are treated as analogous to equity for accounting purposes. As a result, the foreign exchange gains or losses on these intercompany loans are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets. This is in contrast to foreign exchange gains or losses on third-party debt and short-term intercompany debt, which are recorded in foreign exchange gains (losses) in our consolidated statements of income.
Agribusiness SegmentBrazil. Our agribusiness sales are U.S. dollar-denominated or U.S. dollar-linked. In addition, commodity inventories in our agribusiness segment are stated at market value, which is generally linked to U.S. dollar-based international prices. As a result, these commodity inventories provide a natural offset to our exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates in our agribusiness segment. Appreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar generally has a negative effect on our agribusiness segment results in Brazil, as real-denominated industrial costs, which are included in cost of goods sold, and selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses are translated to U.S. dollars at stronger real-U.S. dollar exchange rates, which results in higher U.S. dollar costs. In addition, appreciation of the real generates losses based on the changes in the real-denominated value of our commodity inventories, which are reflected in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of income. However, appreciation of the real also generates offsetting net foreign exchange gains on the net U.S. dollar monetary liability position of our Brazilian agribusiness subsidiaries, which are reflected in foreign exchange gains (losses) in our consolidated statements of income. As our Brazilian subsidiaries are primarily funded with U.S. dollar-denominated debt, the mark-to-market losses on the commodity inventories during periods of real appreciation generally offset the foreign exchange gains on the U.S. dollar-denominated debt. The converse is true for devaluations of the real and the related effect on our consolidated financial statements.
36
Fertilizer SegmentBrazil. Our fertilizer segment sales prices are linked to U.S. dollar-priced international fertilizer prices. Mining, industrial and SG&A expenses are real-denominated costs. Inventories in our fertilizer segment are not marked-to-market but are accounted at the lower of cost or market. These inventories are generally financed with U.S. dollar-denominated liabilities. Appreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar generally results in higher mining, industrial and SG&A expenses when translated into U.S. dollars and net foreign exchange gains on the net U.S. dollar monetary liability position of our fertilizer segment subsidiaries. Gross profit margins are generally adversely affected if the real appreciates during the year as our local currency sales revenues are based on U.S. dollar international fertilizer prices, whereas our cost of goods sold would reflect the higher real cost of inventories acquired and production costs incurred when the real was weaker. Inventories are generally acquired in the first half of the year, whereas sales of fertilizer products are generally concentrated in the second half of the year. As a result, there is generally a lag between the recording of exchange gains on the net U.S. dollar monetary liability position related to inventory purchases and the effects of the appreciating real on our gross profit margins. The converse is true for devaluations of the real and the related effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Edible Oil and Milling Products SegmentsBrazil. Our food ingredients businesses are generally local currency businesses. The costs of raw materials, principally wheat and vegetable oils, are largely U.S. dollar-linked and changes in the costs of these raw materials have historically been passed through to the customer in the form of higher or lower selling prices. However, delays or difficulties in passing through changes in raw materials costs into local currency selling prices can affect our margins.
Other Operations. Our operations in Europe are in countries that are members of the European Union and several countries that are not members of the European Union. Our risk management policy is to fully hedge our monetary exposures to minimize the financial effects of fluctuations in the euro and other European currencies. We also operate in Argentina, where we are exposed to the peso, in Canada, where we are exposed to the Canadian dollar, and in Asia, where our primary exposures are to the Chinese yuan/renminbi and the Indian rupee. Our risk management policy is to fully hedge our monetary exposure to the financial effects of fluctuations in the values of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar.
Income Taxes
As a Bermuda exempted company, we are not subject to income taxes on income in our jurisdiction of incorporation. However, our subsidiaries, which operate in multiple tax jurisdictions, are subject to income taxes at various statutory rates ranging from 0% to 39%. Determination of taxable income requires the interpretation of related and often complex tax laws and regulations in each jurisdiction where we operate and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding future events. As a result of our significant business activities in South America, our effective tax rate is impacted by relative foreign exchange differences between the U.S. dollar and the Brazilian real.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively we recorded uncertain tax liabilities of $104 million and $133 million in other non-current liabilities and $7 million and $5 million in current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, of which $40 million and $48 million relates to accrued penalties and interest. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income. During 2009 and 2008, respectively, we recognized $8 million and $13 million in interest and penalties in our consolidated statements of income.
Results of Operations
2009 Overview
Net income attributable to Bunge for 2009 was $361 million, down 66% from $1,064 in 2008 which was a record year for Bunge. Total segment EBIT of $443 million represented a 67% decrease from the
37
record of $1,363 that was reported for 2008. The year 2009 was difficult for our fertilizer segment, where segment EBIT declined significantly from a very strong 2008 to a loss in 2009, primarily as a result of declines in both domestic and international prices of our key product raw materials over almost all of the year. In addition, the Brazilian fertilizer industry, including Bunge, entered 2009 with above-normal inventory levels as tight credit conditions for Brazilian farmers in late 2008 significantly reduced their normal seasonal purchases. As fertilizers are global commodities, these raw material price declines resulted in our reducing our product selling prices. This created negative margins for our business, as the gradual decline in our inventory costs could not keep pace with the more rapidly declining selling prices.
Despite a 14% decline in agribusiness segment EBIT compared to 2008, results in this segment were solid for 2009. With significant weather-related soybean crop shortages in South America, volumes normally originated by our businesses in Argentina and Brazil were significantly reduced, impacting the entire South American value chain, including global logistics and trading and distribution activities in Europe and Asia. Largely offsetting these South American challenges was very strong demand for soybeans in China, which benefited our grain origination activities, particularly in North America.
In our food and ingredients division, our edible oil products segment EBIT improved and showed strong earnings compared to a small loss in 2008. These strong results were partially offset by weaker results in our milling products segment that resulted primarily from a very large Brazilian wheat crop that brought smaller, opportunistic competitors into the wheat milling industry for the crop season.
Segment Results
In 2008, Bunge re-evaluated the profitability measure of its segments' operating performance and determined that segment operating performance based on segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is a more meaningful profitability measure than segment operating profit, since the segment earnings before interest and taxes reflects equity in earnings of affiliates and noncontrolling interest and excludes income taxes. As a result, amounts for 2007 contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been restated.
38
A summary of certain items in our consolidated statements of income and volumes by reportable segment for the periods indicated is set forth below.
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | Percent Change | 2007 | Percent Change | ||||||||||||
|
(US$ in millions, except percentages) |
||||||||||||||||
Volume (in thousands of metric tons): |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
119,647 | 117,661 | 2 | % | 114,365 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Fertilizer |
11,634 | 11,134 | 4 | % | 13,077 | (15 | )% | ||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
5,688 | 5,736 | (1 | )% | 5,530 | 4 | % | ||||||||||
Milling Products |
4,332 | 3,932 | 10 | % | 3,983 | (1 | )% | ||||||||||
Total |
141,301 | 138,463 | 2 | % | 136,955 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
Net sales: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | 30,511 | $ | 36,688 | (17 | )% | $ | 26,990 | 36 | % | |||||||
Fertilizer |
3,704 | 5,860 | (37 | )% | 3,918 | 50 | % | ||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
6,184 | 8,216 | (25 | )% | 5,597 | 47 | % | ||||||||||
Milling Products |
1,527 | 1,810 | (16 | )% | 1,337 | 35 | % | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 41,926 | $ | 52,574 | (20 | )% | $ | 37,842 | 39 | % | |||||||
Cost of goods sold: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | (29,132 | ) | $ | (34,659 | ) | 16 | % | $ | (25,583 | ) | (35 | )% | ||||
Fertilizer |
(4,443 | ) | (4,411 | ) | (1 | )% | (3,279 | ) | (35 | )% | |||||||
Edible Oil Products |
(5,772 | ) | (7,860 | ) | 27 | % | (5,263 | ) | (49 | )% | |||||||
Milling Products |
(1,375 | ) | (1,608 | ) | 14 | % | (1,202 | ) | (34 | )% | |||||||
Total |
$ | (40,722 | ) | $ | (48,538 | ) | 16 | % | $ | (35,327 | ) | (37 | )% | ||||
Gross profit: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | 1,379 | $ | 2,029 | (32 | )% | $ | 1,407 | 44 | % | |||||||
Fertilizer |
(739 | ) | 1,449 | n/m | 639 | 127 | % | ||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
412 | 356 | 16 | % | 334 | 7 | % | ||||||||||
Milling Products |
152 | 202 | (25 | )% | 135 | 50 | % | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 1,204 | $ | 4,036 | (70 | )% | $ | 2,515 | 60 | % | |||||||
Selling, general & administrative expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | (758 | ) | $ | (858 | ) | 12 | % | $ | (661 | ) | (30 | )% | ||||
Fertilizer |
(192 | ) | (284 | ) | 32 | % | (284 | ) | | % | |||||||
Edible Oil Products |
(296 | ) | (368 | ) | 20 | % | (316 | ) | (16 | )% | |||||||
Milling Products |
(96 | ) | (103 | ) | 7 | % | (98 | ) | (5 | )% | |||||||
Total |
$ | (1,342 | ) | $ | (1,613 | ) | 17 | % | $ | (1,359 | ) | (19 | )% | ||||
Foreign exchange gain (loss): |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | 218 | $ | (198 | ) | $ | 115 | ||||||||||
Fertilizer |
256 | (530 | ) | 104 | |||||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
(4 | ) | (22 | ) | 3 | ||||||||||||
Milling Products |
(1 | ) | 1 | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 469 | $ | (749 | ) | $ | 217 | ||||||||||
39
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | Percent Change | 2007 | Percent Change | ||||||||||||
|
(US$ in millions, except percentages) |
||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | 3 | $ | 6 | (50 | )% | $ | 3 | 100 | % | |||||||
Fertilizer |
(13 | ) | 7 | n/m | (1 | ) | n/m | ||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
86 | 17 | 406 | % | 27 | (37 | )% | ||||||||||
Milling Products |
4 | 4 | | % | 4 | | % | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 80 | $ | 34 | 135 | % | $ | 33 | 3 | % | |||||||
Noncontrolling interest: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | (20 | ) | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (35 | ) | ||||||||
Fertilizer |
87 | (323 | ) | (181 | ) | ||||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
(10 | ) | (8 | ) | 3 | ||||||||||||
Milling Products |
| | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 57 | $ | (355 | ) | $ | (213 | ) | |||||||||
Other income (expense): |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | (2 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 27 | |||||||||
Fertilizer |
(15 | ) | 2 | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
(7 | ) | 14 | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||
Milling Products |
(1 | ) | | | |||||||||||||
Total |
$ | (25 | ) | $ | 10 | $ | 15 | ||||||||||
Segment earnings before interest and tax (1): |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | 820 | $ | 949 | (14 | )% | $ | 856 | 11 | % | |||||||
Fertilizer |
(616 | ) | 321 | n/m | 271 | 18 | % | ||||||||||
Edible Oil Products |
181 | (11 | ) | n/m | 45 | n/m | |||||||||||
Milling Products |
58 | 104 | (44 | )% | 36 | 189 | % | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 443 | $ | 1,363 | (67 | )% | $ | 1,208 | 13 | % | |||||||
Depreciation, depletion and amortization: |
|||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness |
$ | (194 | ) | $ | (186 | ) | (4 | )% | $ | (157 | ) | (18 | )% | ||||
Fertilizer |
(149 | ) | (161 | ) | 7 | % | (151 | ) | (7 | )% | |||||||
Edible Oil Products |
(73 | ) | (74 | ) | 1 | % | (61 | ) | (21 | )% | |||||||
Milling Products |
(27 | ) | (18 | ) | (50 | )% | (16 | ) | (13 | )% | |||||||
Total |
$ | (443 | ) | $ | (439 | ) | (1 | )% | $ | (385 | ) | (14 | )% | ||||
Net income attributable to Bunge |
$ | 361 | $ | 1,064 | (66 | )% | $ | 778 | 37 | % | |||||||
Not Material (n/m)
40
results under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income attributable to Bunge or any other measure of consolidated operating results under U.S. GAAP.
A reconciliation of total segment EBIT to net income attributable to Bunge follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
Total segment earnings before interest and tax |
$ | 443 | $ | 1,363 | $ | 1,208 | |||||
Interest income |
122 | 214 | 166 | ||||||||
Interest expense |
(283 | ) | (361 | ) | (353 | ) | |||||
Income tax |
110 | (245 | ) | (310 | ) | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest share of interest and tax |
(31 | ) | 93 | 67 | |||||||
Net income attributable to Bunge |
$ | 361 | $ | 1,064 | $ | 778 | |||||
2009 Compared to 2008
Agribusiness Segment. Agribusiness segment net sales decreased 17% due primarily to lower agricultural commodity prices when compared to the historically high prices experienced during much of 2008. Volumes increased by 2% from 2008 despite lower overall grain and oilseed distribution volumes as a result of the reduced soybean crops in South America, primarily due to strong demand for soybeans from China, as well as higher sugar merchandising and oilseed processing volumes in Eastern Europe and Asia, reflecting our investments to expand in these high growth areas.
Cost of goods sold decreased 16% primarily due to lower agricultural commodity prices when compared to the historically high prices experienced during much of 2008. Cost of goods sold in 2008 included $181 million of mark-to-market valuation adjustments related to counterparty risk on commodity and other derivative contracts, which was partially offset by $117 million of transactional tax credits in Brazil. Cost of goods sold in 2009 included $15 million in restructuring and impairment charges compared to $23 million in 2008.
Gross profit decreased 32% from the exceptionally strong margins experienced in 2008 as a result of weaker margins in our oilseed processing and distribution businesses primarily in Europe partially offset by a 2% increase in volumes. Gross profit in 2008 included $181 million of mark-to-market valuation adjustments related to counterparty risk on commodity and other derivative contracts which were partially offset by transactional tax credits of $117 million as a result of a favorable tax ruling in Brazil.
SG&A decreased 12% largely due to lower employee variable compensation related costs, focused cost reduction efforts and the beneficial impact of the stronger U.S. dollar on foreign local currency costs when translated to U.S. dollars. These cost reductions were partially offset by $26 million of impairment charges related to certain real estate assets and an equity investment in a North American biodiesel company. In 2008, SG&A expenses were reduced by $60 million of transactional tax credits in Brazil resulting from a favorable tax ruling.
Foreign exchange gains of $218 million reflected mainly the impact of the Brazilian real appreciation on the net U.S. dollar monetary liability position in Brazil compared to $198 million of losses in 2008 resulting from depreciation of the Brazilian real. Foreign exchange gains and losses in our agribusiness segment were substantially offset by the currency impact on inventory mark-to-market valuations, which were included in cost of goods sold.
Equity in earnings of affiliates decreased in 2009 due primarily to the lower results in our biofuels joint ventures.
41
Noncontrolling interest decreased due to lower results in non-wholly owned subsidiaries, largely in Poland, partially offset by improved earnings in our oilseed processing operations in China.
Other income (expense) for 2009 was a net expense of $2 million compared to a net expense of $6 million in 2008. Other income (expense) for 2008 included a provision of $19 million for an adverse ruling related to a Brazilian social security claim.
Agribusiness segment EBIT decreased 14% primarily as a result of the factors discussed above.
Fertilizer Segment. Fertilizer segment net sales decreased 37% as a result of declines in domestic and international fertilizer prices when compared to the historically high international fertilizer prices experienced throughout most of 2008. The impact of these price declines was partially offset by a 4% increase in volume, primarily during the second half of 2009 as farmer purchasing patterns returned to more historical norms compared to 2008. In 2008, farmers accelerated their purchases into the first half of the year due to concerns about rising prices. Additionally, the tight credit environment in late 2008, as a result of the global economic crisis, negatively impacted sales volumes in the second half of that year.
Cost of goods sold increased 1% compared with 2008 in part due to higher volumes as well as high average cost inventories purchased in 2008. Cost of goods sold also included $3 million of restructuring charges in 2009.
Gross profit declined from $1,449 million in 2008 to a loss of $739 million for 2009 primarily as a result of the mismatch between sales prices and high inventory costs largely due to fertilizer purchases in 2008 prior to the decline in international and domestic prices.
SG&A expenses declined 32% in 2009 when compared with 2008 primarily as a result of lower employee variable compensation related costs, focused cost reduction efforts and the beneficial impact of a stronger U.S. dollar on foreign local currency costs. In addition, SG&A for 2009 included a $32 million reversal of a transactional tax provision due to a Brazilian law change.
Foreign exchange gains were $256 million in 2009 compared to losses of $530 million in 2008. These gains were caused primarily by the impact of the stronger Brazilian real on U.S. dollar denominated financings of working capital. The Brazilian real depreciated during 2008. The exchange results are largely offset in the gross margin when the inventories are sold.
Equity in earnings of affiliates was a loss of $13 million in 2009 compared to a gain of $7 million in 2008, due primarily to start-up losses from our Moroccan phosphate joint venture.
Noncontrolling interest declined by $410 million due to losses at Fosfertil in 2009.
Segment EBIT decreased $937 million to a loss of $616 million in 2009 as a result of the factors described above.
Edible Oil Products Segment. Edible oil products segment net sales decreased 25% primarily due to lower average selling prices as a result of lower crude vegetable oil prices when compared to the historically high agricultural commodity prices experienced during much of 2008. Volumes decreased 1% largely driven by a highly competitive environment and tight crude oil supply in Brazil during the second half of 2009 due to the smaller soybean crop.
Cost of goods sold decreased 27% as a result of lower raw material prices, lower volumes and the beneficial effect of the stronger U.S. dollar on the translation of local currency costs into U.S. dollars. Cost of goods sold also included restructuring and impairment charges totaling $3 million in 2009 and $2 million in 2008.
Gross profit increased 16% primarily as a result of improved margins resulting from a better alignment of selling prices and cost of goods sold primarily in Europe and North America.
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SG&A decreased 20% primarily due to lower employee variable compensation related costs, focused cost reduction efforts and the beneficial impact of a stronger U.S. dollar on foreign local currency costs translated into U.S. dollars. SG&A for 2008 included a $2 million credit resulting from a favorable ruling related to certain transactional taxes in Brazil.
Foreign exchange losses totaled $4 million in 2009 compared to losses of $22 million in 2008 primarily due to the impact of fluctuations in certain European currencies partially offset by the impact of a stronger Brazilian real on the U.S. dollar-denominated financing of working capital.
Equity in earnings of affiliates were $86 million in 2009 compared to $17 million in 2008 primarily due to a gain of $66 million, net of tax, on the sale of Bunge's 33.34% interest in Saipol, a European edible oil joint venture in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Noncontrolling interest increased due to higher results in non-wholly owned subsidiaries, mainly in Poland.
Other income (expense) was a net expense of $7 million in 2009 compared to net income of $14 million in 2008. Other income (expense) in 2008 included a $14 million gain on a land sale in North America.
Segment EBIT increased to $181 million from a loss of $11 million in 2008. EBIT for 2009 included the $66 million gain from the sale of our investment in Saipol. In addition, earnings improved significantly in North America and Europe with improved volumes and margins, offset partially by weaker results in Brazil related to a highly competitive environment. EBIT for 2009 also benefited from the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar which reduced translated local currency costs and expenses.
Milling Products Segment. Milling products segment net sales decreased 16% primarily due to lower average selling prices when compared to the historically high wheat and corn raw material prices experienced in 2008. The impact of a weaker average real exchange rate also reduced wheat milling net sales when translated into U.S. dollars. These decreases more than offset a volume increase of 10% in 2009 when compared to 2008, due largely to the acquisition of a U.S. mill in the fourth quarter of 2008. The corn milling volume increase was partially offset by lower volumes in wheat milling as a result of a larger than expected Brazilian wheat crop which resulted in low wheat prices that brought smaller, opportunistic competitors into the wheat milling industry in 2009.
Cost of goods sold decreased 14% due primarily to lower raw material costs as a result of lower raw material prices and the beneficial impact of foreign exchange translation of the Brazilian real into U.S. dollars. These cost reductions were partially offset by the increased sales volumes. Cost of goods sold for 2008 included an $11 million credit resulting from a favorable ruling related to certain transactional taxes in Brazil.
Gross profit decreased 25% primarily as a result of the highly competitive environment in Brazil's wheat milling industry, which more than offset increased volumes and margins in corn milling. 2008 gross profit included an $11 million transactional tax credit in Brazil.
SG&A expenses decreased 7% primarily due to the impact of foreign exchange translation of the Brazilian real into U.S. dollars.
Other income (expense) was a net expense of $1 million in 2009.
Segment EBIT decreased to $58 million in 2009 from $104 million in 2008 as a result of the factors described above.
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Interest. A summary of consolidated interest income and expense for the periods indicated follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions, except percentages)
|
2009 | 2008 | Change | |||||||
Interest income |
$ | 122 | $ | 214 | (43 | )% | ||||
Interest expense |
(283 | ) | (361 | ) | 22 | % |
Interest income decreased 43% primarily due to lower average interest bearing cash balances. Interest expense decreased 22% due to lower average borrowings resulting from decreased working capital requirements as a result of lower commodity prices and also due to lower average interest rates in 2009 compared with 2008.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $355 million to a benefit of $110 million in 2009 from an expense of $245 million in 2008, primarily driven by a decrease in income from operations before income tax of $1,392 million. The effective tax rate for 2009 was a benefit of 76% compared to an expense of 16% for 2008 largely as a result of losses in high tax jurisdictions, primarily in our Fertilizer segment in Brazil.
During 2008, we recorded a reduction of income tax expense relating to unrecognized tax benefits of $27 million, which related primarily to the depreciation of the Brazilian real compared to the U.S. dollar on amounts recorded for the possible realization of these Brazilian deferred tax assets. We requested a ruling on the realization of these deferred tax assets from the applicable tax authorities in 2007. In 2009 we received a favorable ruling and reversed our liability related to this unrecognized tax benefit. This reversal also contributed to the 2009 net tax benefit.
Net Income Attributable to Bunge. Net income attributable to Bunge decreased from a record $1,064 million in 2008 to $361 million in 2009. Net income attributable to Bunge for 2009 included $21 million related to the reversal of a provision due to a change in Brazilian law and a gain of $66 million related to the disposition of Bunge's interest in Saipol as well as net impairment and restructuring charges of $36 million. Net income attributable to Bunge for 2008 included impairment and restructuring charges of $18 million and a transactional tax credit totaling $131 million.
2008 Compared to 2007
Agribusiness Segment. Agribusiness segment net sales increased 36% due primarily to historically high market prices during much of 2008 for agricultural commodities and commodity products in our portfolio. Volumes increased by 3% from 2007 primarily as a result of higher exported volumes from the United States and expansion of our sugar business, partially offset by lower oilseed processing and distribution volumes as a result of softer demand for animal feed and vegetable oils in the second half of the year.
Cost of goods sold increased 35% primarily due to historically high agricultural commodity prices during much of the year, higher energy and transportation costs, and $181 million of mark-to-market valuation adjustments related to counterparty risk on commodity and other derivative contracts. Partially offsetting these increases were $117 million of transactional tax credits in Brazil and the positive impact of the Brazilian real year-over-year depreciation on the mark-to-market valuation of readily marketable inventories held by our Brazilian subsidiary. Cost of goods sold in 2008 included $23 million in restructuring and impairment charges compared to $30 million in 2007.
Gross profit increased 44% as a result of stronger margins across most of our agribusiness portfolio, particularly in the first half of 2008, the 3% increase in volumes, and the transactional tax credits of $117 million as a result of a favorable tax ruling in Brazil. These increases were partially
44
offset by $136 million of mark-to-market valuation adjustments related to counterparty risk on commodity and other derivative contracts.
SG&A increased 30% primarily due to expanded activities in new product lines such as sugar, higher provisions for bad debts, particularly in the last quarter of the year with heightened credit and counterparty risk as a result of the global economic downturn, higher performance-based compensation costs, and the impact of foreign exchange translation of local currency expenses into U.S. dollars. SG&A expenses were reduced by $60 million of transactional tax credits in Brazil resulting from a favorable ruling during 2008 related to certain transactional taxes in Brazil.
Foreign exchange losses reflected mainly the impact of the Brazilian real depreciation on the net U.S. dollar monetary liability position in Brazil compared to gains in 2007 resulting from appreciation of the Brazilian real. Foreign exchange gains and losses in our agribusiness segment were substantially offset by the currency impact on inventory mark-to-market valuations, which were included in cost of goods sold. Equity in earnings of affiliates increased in 2008 due to improved results in our biodiesel joint venture in Europe and in our Argentine port terminal and soybean processing joint ventures.
Noncontrolling interest decreased 31% due to lower results in non-wholly owned subsidiaries, largely in China, partially offset by improved earnings in our oilseed processing operation in Poland.
Other income (expense) for 2008 decreased from 2007 due primarily to a 2007 gain of $22 million from the sale of shares held in CME Group, an entity created by the 2007 merger of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade. Other income (expense) for 2008 included a provision of $19 million for an adverse ruling related to a Brazilian social security claim.
Agribusiness segment EBIT increased 11% primarily as a result of the factors discussed above.
Fertilizer Segment. Fertilizer segment net sales increased 50%, despite a 15% reduction in volumes, as a result of historically high international fertilizer prices, with increases averaging approximately 75% compared to 2007. Volume declines primarily related to lower demand and our decision to restrict credit extension to farmers as a result of weak economic conditions in the fourth quarter of 2008, which resulted primarily from tight credit availability for Brazilian farmers as a result of the global financial crisis.
Cost of goods sold increased 35% compared with 2007, despite the reduction in volumes, due to higher international prices for imported fertilizer raw materials. Costs were also affected by higher maintenance and storage costs, higher depreciation expense and foreign exchange translation of local currency costs into U.S. dollars. Cost of goods sold for 2007 included a $50 million provision related to recoverable taxes as changes in tax laws in certain Brazilian states made recovery in those states uncertain.
Gross profit increased 127% due to strong margins as a result of higher international prices, which more than offset lower volumes.
SG&A expenses in 2008 were flat compared with 2007 with benefits from lower bad debt expenses and the elimination of certain Brazilian transactional taxes in December 2007 offset by increased tax and legal provisions and the impact of translation of local currency expenses into U.S. dollars.
Foreign exchange losses were $530 million in 2008 compared to gains of $104 million in 2007. These losses were caused primarily by the impact of the weaker Brazilian real on U.S. dollar denominated financings of working capital. The Brazilian real appreciated during 2007. The exchange results are offset in the gross margin when the inventories are sold.
Equity in earnings of affiliates was $7 million in 2008 compared to $1 million in losses in 2007 due to higher results from Fosbrasil, our Brazilian joint venture which produces purified phosphoric acid.
Noncontrolling interest increased by 78% due to higher earnings at Fosfertil.
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Segment EBIT increased 18% as a result of the factors described above.
Edible Oil Products Segment. Edible oil products segment net sales increased 47% primarily due to higher average selling prices, following the historically high agricultural commodity prices experienced during 2008. Volumes increased 4% largely driven by increased sales of bulk and packaged oil in Canada, bulk oil in Argentina and expansion of our edible oil business in Europe and China.
Cost of goods sold increased 49% as a result of higher raw material prices, higher volumes and foreign exchange translation of local currency costs into U.S. dollars. Cost of goods sold also included impairment charges relating to certain refining and packaging facilities totaling $2 million in Europe in 2008 and $24 million in 2007 in Europe and the United States.
Gross profit increased 7% as a result of higher average selling prices and volumes. These factors were partially offset by higher raw material costs which could not be fully recovered, particularly in Europe due to government price controls in certain countries and aggressive product pricing by competitors.
SG&A increased 16% primarily due to the impact of foreign exchange translation of local currency expenses into U.S. dollars. Higher employee related costs and costs to support business growth in Asia and Europe also increased SG&A expenses. SG&A for 2008 included a $2 million credit resulting from a favorable ruling related to certain transactional taxes in Brazil. In 2007, SG&A included $11 million of impairment charges related to the write-down of certain brands and related intangible assets in India.
Foreign exchange losses totaled $22 million in 2008 compared to gains of $3 million in 2007 primarily due to the impact of the weaker Brazilian real and several European currencies on the U.S. dollar-denominated financing of working capital.
Equity in earnings of affiliates decreased 37% due to lower results at Saipol, Bunge's European edible oil joint venture.
Noncontrolling interest increased due to higher results in non-wholly owned subsidiaries, mainly in Poland.
Other income (expense) included a $14 million gain on a land sale in North America in 2008.
Segment EBIT decreased from $45 million in 2007 to a loss of $11 million in 2008 due to the factors described above.
Milling Products Segment. Milling products segment net sales increased 35% primarily due to higher average selling prices as a result of historically high wheat and corn raw material prices. Volumes decreased by 1% compared to 2007.
Cost of goods sold increased 34% due to higher raw material costs and the impact of foreign exchange translation of local currency costs into U.S. dollars. Cost of goods sold for 2008 included an $11 million credit resulting from a favorable ruling related to certain transactional taxes in Brazil. Cost of goods sold for 2007 included $13 million of impairment charges relating to the closure of an older, higher-cost wheat mill.
Gross profit increased 50% primarily as a result of higher net sales and as a result of significant wheat volumes purchased prior to the wheat price rally. The increase also included the $11 million transactional tax credit in Brazil in 2008 compared to $13 million of impairment charges in 2007.
SG&A expenses increased 5% primarily due to the impact of foreign exchange translation of the Brazilian real into U.S. dollars, and higher employee-related costs.
Segment EBIT increased to $104 million in 2008 from $36 million in 2007 as a result of the factors described above.
46
Interest. A summary of consolidated interest income and expense for the periods indicated follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions, except percentages)
|
2008 | 2007 | Change | |||||||
Interest income |
$ | 214 | $ | 166 | 29 | % | ||||
Interest expense |
(361 | ) | (353 | ) | 2 | % |
Interest income increased 29% primarily due to higher average interest bearing cash balances. Interest expense increased 2% due to higher average borrowings resulting from increased working capital requirements as a result of higher commodity prices, partially offset by lower average interest rates in 2008 compared with 2007.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $65 million to $245 million in 2008 from $310 million in 2007 despite an increase in income from operations before income tax of $336 million. The effective tax rate for 2008 was 16% compared to 26% for 2007 largely as a result of higher earnings in lower tax jurisdictions. The lower 2008 effective tax rate reflects the benefits of the real depreciation against the U.S. dollar and tax credits primarily in Europe and Brazil, offset by valuation allowances, primarily in Europe.
On January 1, 2007, we adopted the guidance of a Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) issued standard on income taxes that requires us to apply a "more likely than not" threshold to the recognition and de-recognition of tax benefits. During 2007, we recorded an income tax expense relating to unrecognized tax benefits of $17 million. The increase related primarily to the appreciation of the Brazilian real compared to the U.S. dollar on amounts recorded for the possible realization of certain Brazilian deferred tax assets. During 2008, we recorded a reduction of income tax expense relating to unrecognized tax benefits of $27 million, which related primarily to the depreciation of the Brazilian real compared to the U.S. dollar on amounts recorded for the possible realization of these Brazilian deferred tax assets. We requested a ruling on the realization of these deferred tax assets from the applicable tax authorities in 2007. In 2009, we received a favorable ruling and reversed our remaining liability related to this unrecognized tax benefit.
Net income attributable to Bunge. Net income attributable to Bunge increased 37% from $778 million in 2007 to a company record of $1,064 million in 2008. Net income attributable to Bunge for 2008 included $131 million related to favorable rulings related to certain transactional taxes in Brazil and $20 million of net gains on asset acquisitions/dispositions (compared to net gains of $15 million in 2007). Net income attributable to Bunge for 2008 was reduced by net impairment and restructuring charges of $18 million compared with $59 million in 2007. Net income attributable to Bunge for 2007 also was reduced by an after tax provision of $22 million resulting from a change in tax regulations in several Brazilian states.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our primary financial objective is to maintain sufficient liquidity, balance sheet strength and financial flexibility in order to fund the requirements of our business efficiently. We generally finance our ongoing operations with cash flows generated from operations, issuance of commercial paper, borrowings under various revolving credit facilities and, to a lesser extent, term loans, as well as proceeds from the issuance of senior notes. Acquisitions and long-lived assets are generally financed with a combination of equity and long-term debt.
Our current ratio, which is a widely used measure of liquidity and is defined as current assets divided by current liabilities, was 1.90 and 1.63 at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $553 million at December 31, 2009 and $1,004 million at December 31, 2008. Of these amounts, $132 million and $574 million, respectively, was held at Fosfertil, our non-wholly owned, publicly-traded subsidiary in Brazil, which is included in our consolidated financial statements. Fosfertil's cash and cash equivalents are generally not available to other Bunge companies until a cash dividend distribution is made by Fosfertil.
Readily Marketable Inventories. Readily marketable inventories are agricultural commodity inventories, such as soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, corn and wheat that are readily convertible to cash because of their commodity characteristics, widely available markets and international pricing mechanisms. Readily marketable inventories of $3,218 million at December 31, 2009 and $2,619 million at December 31, 2008 were included in our agribusiness segment inventories for each period. In addition, readily marketable inventories at fair market value in the aggregate amount of $162 million and $122 million were included in our edible oil products segment and milling products segment inventories at December 31, 2009 and 2008 respectively. The increase in readily marketable inventories at December 31, 2009 compared to December 31, 2008 was primarily due to higher commodity prices. We recorded interest expense on debt financing readily marketable inventories of $84 million, $112 million and $136 million in the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007.
Financing Arrangements and Outstanding Indebtedness. We conduct most of our financing activities through a centralized financing structure that enables us and our subsidiaries to borrow more efficiently. This structure includes a master trust facility, the primary assets of which consist of intercompany loans made to Bunge Limited and its subsidiaries. Certain of Bunge Limited's 100%-owned finance subsidiaries fund the master trust with long- and short-term debt obtained from third parties, including through our commercial paper program and certain credit facilities, as well as the issuance of senior notes. Borrowings by these finance subsidiaries carry full, unconditional guarantees by Bunge Limited.
Revolving Credit Facilities. At December 31, 2009, we had approximately $3,452 million of aggregate committed borrowing capacity under our commercial paper program and revolving credit
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facilities, all of which was unused and available. The following table summarizes these facilities as of the periods presented:
|
|
Total Availability | Borrowings Outstanding | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commercial Paper Program and Revolving Credit Facilities |
Maturities | December 31, 2009 |
December 31, 2009 |
December 31, 2008 |
||||||||||
|
|
(US$ in millions) |
||||||||||||
Commercial Paper (1) |
2012 | $ | 575 | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Short-Term Revolving Credit Facilities |
2010 | 645 | | | ||||||||||
Long-Term Revolving Credit Facilities (2) (3) |
2010-2012 | 2,232 | | | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3,452 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Our commercial paper program is supported by committed back-up bank credit lines (the liquidity facility) equal to the amount of the commercial paper program provided by lending institutions that are rated at least A-1 by Standard & Poor's and P-1 by Moody's Investor Services. In 2009, the short-term credit rating of one participant lending institution with a $25 million lending commitment in the liquidity facility was lowered by Standard & Poor's below A-1 and accordingly this lending institution has been removed from the liquidity facility. As a result, the liquidity facility, and consequently, our commercial paper program have been reduced to $575 million from $600 million. The liquidity facility, which matures in June 2012, permits Bunge, at its option, to set up direct borrowings or issue commercial paper in an aggregate amount of up to $575 million. The cost of borrowing under the liquidity facility would typically be higher than the cost of borrowing under our commercial paper program. At December 31, 2009, no borrowings were outstanding under the liquidity facility or the commercial paper program.
In June 2009, we entered into (i) a syndicated $645 million, 364-day revolving credit agreement (the 364-day credit agreement) and (ii) a syndicated $1 billion, three-year revolving credit agreement (the three-year credit agreement and, together with the 364-day credit agreement, the credit agreements) with a number of lending institutions. The 364-day credit agreement matures on June 2, 2010 and the three-year credit agreement matures on June 1, 2012. The credit agreements replaced (i) the $850 million revolving credit agreement that was scheduled to mature on November 17, 2009 and (ii) the $850 million revolving credit agreement that was scheduled to mature on June 29, 2009, each of which was terminated in accordance with its respective terms on June 3, 2009. Amounts due under the terminated credit agreements on the date of termination were repaid with the proceeds of its initial borrowings under the credit agreements. Borrowings under the credit agreements will bear interest at LIBOR plus the applicable margin (defined below) or the alternate base rate then in effect plus the applicable margin minus 1.00%. The margin applicable to either a LIBOR or alternate base rate borrowing will be based on the greater of (i) a per annum floor rate that varies between 2.00%
49
and 4.50% under the 364-day credit agreement and between 3.00% and 5.50% under the three-year credit agreement, each based generally on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt and (ii) a per annum rate calculated as a percentage of the Markit CDX.NA.IG Series 12 five-year credit default swap index (or successor index thereof) that varies between 85% and 175% each based generally on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt. Amounts under the credit agreements that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable quarterly on the average undrawn portion of the respective credit agreement at rates ranging from 0.375% to 1.00% under the 364-day credit agreement and from 0.75% to 2.00% under the three-year credit agreement.
In November 2009, we entered into a syndicated $600 million, revolving credit agreement that matures on April 16, 2011 with a number of lending institutions. The credit agreement replaced the $600 million revolving credit agreement that was scheduled to mature on January 16, 2010, which was terminated in accordance with its terms on November 24, 2009. Borrowings under the credit agreement will bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.50% to 3.75%, based generally on the credit ratings of our senior long-term unsecured debt. Amounts under the credit agreement that remain undrawn are subject to a commitment fee payable quarterly on the average undrawn portion of the respective credit agreement at forty percent of the applicable margin.
In addition to the committed facilities discussed above, from time to time we enter into uncommitted short-term credit lines as necessary based on our liquidity requirements. At December 31, 2009, no borrowings were outstanding under these short-term credit lines. At December 31, 2008, $50 million was outstanding under such short-term credit lines. These short-term credit lines are included in short-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets.
In June 2009, we completed the sale of $600 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes (senior notes) bearing interest at 8.50% per annum maturing on June 15, 2019. The senior notes were issued by our 100%-owned finance subsidiary, Bunge Limited Finance Corp., and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Bunge Limited. Interest on these senior notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in June and December of each year, commencing in December 2009. We used the net proceeds from this offering of approximately $595 million, after deducting underwriters' commissions and offering expenses, to repay outstanding indebtedness.
Short- and Long-Term Debt. Our short- and long-term debt increased by $232 million at December 31, 2009 from December 31, 2008, primarily due to increased working capital resulting from reduced accounts payable in our fertilizer segment and weaker profitability.
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The following table summarizes our short- and long-term indebtedness at December 31, 2009 and 2008:
|
December 31, | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Short-term debt: |
|||||||||
Short-term debt (1) |
$ | 166 | $ | 473 | |||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
31 | 78 | |||||||
Total short-term debt |
197 | 551 | |||||||
Long-term debt (2): |
|||||||||
Term loans due 2011LIBOR (3) plus 1.25% to 1.75% |
475 | 475 | |||||||
Term loan due 2011fixed interest rate of 4.33% |
250 | 250 | |||||||
Japanese Yen term loan due 2011Yen LIBOR (4) plus 1.40% |
108 | 110 | |||||||
6.78% Senior Notes, Series B, due 2009 |
| 53 | |||||||
7.44% Senior Notes, Series C, due 2012 |
351 | 351 | |||||||
7.80% Senior Notes due 2012 |
200 | 200 | |||||||
5.875% Senior Notes due 2013 |
300 | 300 | |||||||
5.35% Senior Notes due 2014 |
500 | 500 | |||||||
5.10% Senior Notes due 2015 |
382 | 382 | |||||||
5.90% Senior Notes due 2017 |
250 | 250 | |||||||
8.50% Senior Notes due 2019 |
600 | | |||||||
BNDES (5) loans, variable interest rate indexed to TJLP (6) plus 3.20% to 4.50% payable through 2016 |
106 | 87 | |||||||
Others |
127 | 152 | |||||||
Subtotal |
3,649 | 3,110 | |||||||
Less: Current portion of long-term debt |
(31 | ) | (78 | ) | |||||
Total long-term debt |
3,618 | 3,032 | |||||||
Total debt |
$ | 3,815 | $ | 3,583 | |||||
While we have not yet finalized the intended use of proceeds from the pending sale of our Brazilian fertilizer nutrients assets to Vale, we expect to use a portion of the proceeds to reduce outstanding indebtedness.
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Credit Ratings. Our unsecured guaranteed senior notes are currently rated BBB (stable outlook) by Fitch Ratings. In December 2009, Moody's Investors Service affirmed the Baa2 credit ratings of Bunge and changed the rating outlook to negative from stable. In October 2009, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (S&P) placed its BBB- (stable outlook) credit ratings on Bunge on 'CreditWatch' with negative implications. This indicates that S&P intends to conduct a review of Bunge's credit ratings and could either lower or affirm its ratings following the completion of such review. Our debt agreements do not have any credit rating downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity of our debt. However, credit rating downgrades would increase our borrowing costs under our credit facilities and, depending on their severity, could impede our ability to obtain credit facilities or access the capital markets in the future on favorable terms. We may also be required to post collateral or provide third-party credit support under certain agreements as a result of such downgrades. A significant increase in our borrowing costs could impair our ability to compete effectively in our business relative to competitors with higher credit ratings.
Our credit facilities and certain senior notes require us to comply with specified financial covenants related to minimum net worth, minimum current ratio, a maximum debt to capitalization ratio and limitations on indebtedness at subsidiaries. We were in compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 2009.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements. The interest rate swaps used by Bunge as hedging instruments have been recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded contemporaneously in earnings. Additionally, the carrying amount of the associated debt is adjusted through earnings for changes in the fair value due to changes in benchmark interest rates. Ineffectiveness, as defined in a FASB issued standard, is recognized to the extent that these two adjustments do not offset.
The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate swap agreements accounted for as fair value hedges as of December 31, 2009. The interest rate differential, which settles semi-annually, is recorded as an adjustment to interest expense.
|
Maturity | Fair Value Gain | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
2011 | December 31, 2009 |
|||||
Interest rate swap agreementsnotional amount |
$ | 250 | $ | 9 | |||
Weighted average variable rate payable (1) |
1.18 | % | |||||
Weighted average fixed rate receivable (2) |
4.33 | % |
The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate basis swap agreements as of December 31, 2009. These interest rate basis swap agreements do not qualify for hedge accounting and therefore Bunge has not designated these interest rate basis swap agreements as hedge instruments. As
52
a result, changes in fair value of the interest rate basis swap agreements are recorded as an adjustment to earnings.
|
Maturity | Fair Value (Loss) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
2011 | December 31, 2009 |
|||||
Interest rate basis swap agreementsnotional amount |
$ | 375 | $ | (2 | ) | ||
Weighted average rate payable (1) |
0.61 | % | |||||
Weighted average rate receivable (2) |
0.23 | % |
In addition, we have cross currency interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional principal amount of 10 billion Japanese Yen maturing in 2011 for the purpose of managing our currency exposure associated with our 10 billion Japanese Yen term loan due 2011. Under the terms of the cross currency interest rate swap agreements, we make U.S. dollar payments based on three-month U.S. dollar LIBOR and receive payments based on three-month Yen LIBOR. We have accounted for these cross currency interest rate swap agreements as fair value hedges. At December 31, 2009, the fair value of the cross currency interest rate swap agreement was a gain of $6 million.
Shareholders' Equity. Our total shareholders' equity was $10,365 million at December 31, 2009, as set forth in the following table:
|
December 31, | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Shareholders' equity: |
||||||||
Mandatory convertible preference shares |
$ | 863 | $ | 863 | ||||
Convertible perpetual preference shares |
690 | 690 | ||||||
Common shares |
1 | 1 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
3,625 | 2,849 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
3,996 | 3,844 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
319 | (811 | ) | |||||
Total Bunge shareholders' equity |
9,494 | 7,436 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
871 | 692 | ||||||
Total equity |
$ | 10,365 | $ | 8,128 | ||||
Total Bunge shareholders' equity increased to $9,494 million at December 31, 2009 from $7,436 million at December 31, 2008, primarily as a result of $1,130 million of other comprehensive income, which includes foreign exchange translation gains of $1,062 million, $761 million related to the sale of 12 million common shares in a public equity offering, net income attributable to Bunge of $361 million, and $23 million related to stock based compensation expense and related tax benefits. Partially offsetting the increase was primarily $209 million relating to dividends to common shareholders of $131 million, of which $103 million was paid to our common shareholders in 2009, convertible preference share dividends of $78 million and a net amount of $4 million from the issuance of $2 million of our common shares relating to the exercise of employee stock options, net of shares valued at approximately $6 million withheld related to net settlement of vested restricted stock units for payment of employee taxes.
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Noncontrolling interest increased to $871 million at December 31, 2009 from $692 million at December 31, 2008, primarily as a result of $174 million of other comprehensive income, which includes foreign exchange translation gains of $190 million, approximately $87 million of capital contributions, of which $52 million related to noncontrolling interests capital contributions in our Brazilian subsidiaries involved in our sugar business and $35 million related to noncontrolling interests capital contributions in our joint venture to build and operate a grain terminal in Longview, Washington, U.S. Partially offsetting the increase was primarily a net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of $26 million, $17 million relating to dividends to noncontrolling interest on subsidiary common stock, and $44 million of shares in a private investment fund consolidated by Bunge that were redeemed by certain investors in that fund.
As of December 31, 2009, we had 862,455, 5.125% cumulative mandatory convertible preference shares outstanding with an aggregate liquidation preference of $863 million. Each mandatory convertible preference share has an initial liquidation preference of $1,000, which will be adjusted for any accumulated and unpaid dividends. The dividend on each mandatory convertible preference share is set at $51.25 per annum and will be payable quarterly. As a result of adjustments to the initial conversion rates because cash dividends paid on Bunge Limited's common shares exceeded certain specified thresholds, each mandatory convertible preference share will automatically convert on December 1, 2010, into between 8.2416 and 9.7250 Bunge Limited common shares. Each mandatory convertible preference share is also convertible at any time before December 1, 2010, at the holder's option, into 8.2416 Bunge Limited common shares, subject to certain additional anti-dilution adjustments. The mandatory convertible preference shares are not redeemable by us at any time.
As of December 31, 2009, we had 6,900,000, 4.875% cumulative convertible perpetual preference shares outstanding with an aggregate liquidation preference of $690 million. As a result of adjustments made to the initial conversion price because cash dividends paid on Bunge Limited's common shares exceeded certain specified thresholds, each convertible perpetual preference share has an initial liquidation preference of $100, which will be adjusted for any accumulated and unpaid dividends. Convertible perpetual preference shares carry an annual dividend of $4.875 per share payable quarterly. Each convertible perpetual preference share is convertible, at the holder's option, at any time into 1.0891 Bunge Limited common shares, based on the conversion price of $91.82 per share, subject to certain additional anti-dilution adjustments. At any time on or after December 1, 2011, if the closing price of our common shares equals or exceeds 130% of the conversion price for 20 trading days during any consecutive 30 trading days (including the last trading day of such period), we may elect to cause the convertible perpetual preference shares to be automatically converted into Bunge Limited common shares at the then prevailing conversion price. The convertible perpetual preference shares are not redeemable by us at any time.
Cash Flows
Our cash flow from operations varies depending on, among other items, the market prices and timing of the purchase and sale of, agribusiness commodity inventories. Generally, during periods when commodity prices are rising, our agribusiness operations require increased use of cash to support working capital to acquire inventories and daily settlement requirements on exchange traded futures that we use to minimize price risk related to our inventories.
In addition, in the first half of the year we experience more use of cash to build fertilizer inventories in anticipation of sales to farmers who typically purchase the bulk of their fertilizer needs in the second half of the year. The cash flow needs of our food ingredients division will vary based on the market prices and timing of the purchase of the raw materials used in those businesses.
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2009 Compared to 2008. In 2009, our net cash and cash equivalents decreased $451 million, reflecting the net impact of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, compared to a $23 million increase in our net cash and cash equivalents in 2008.
Our operating activities used cash of $368 million in 2009, compared to cash provided of $2,543 million in 2008. Our cash flow from operations varies depending on the timing of the acquisition of, and the market prices for our inventories. In 2009, the negative cash flow from operating activities was primarily a result of lower fertilizer accounts payable and lower net income than in 2008.
Our operating subsidiaries are primarily funded with U.S. dollar-denominated debt. The functional currency of our operating subsidiaries is generally the local currency and the financial statements are calculated in the functional currency and translated into U.S. dollars. These U.S. dollar-denominated loans are remeasured into their respective functional currencies at exchange rates at the applicable balance sheet date. The resulting gain or loss is included in our consolidated statements of income as a foreign exchange gain or loss. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had a $606 million gain and a $472 million loss, respectively, on debt denominated in U.S. dollars at our subsidiaries, which was included as an adjustment to reconcile net income to cash (used for) provided by operating activities in the line item "Foreign exchange (gain)/loss on debt" in our consolidated statements of cash flows. This adjustment is required because the cash flow impacts of these gains or losses are recognized as financing activities when the subsidiary repays the underlying U.S. dollar-denominated debt and therefore have no impact on cash flows from operations.
Cash used for investing activities was $952 million in 2009, compared to cash used of $1,106 million in 2008. Payments made for capital expenditures in 2009 included primarily investments in property, plant and equipment as described under "Capital Expenditures."
Acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets in 2009 included primarily a European margarine business acquired for approximately $115 million cash paid, net of $5 million cash received and a vegetable shortening business in North America for $11 million in cash. We recorded goodwill of $50 million as a result of these acquisitions.
Investments in affiliates in 2009 included a $6 million investment in a joint venture in our fertilizer business. In 2008 investments in affiliates included a $61 million investment for a 50% ownership interest in our Bunge Maroc Phosphore S.A. joint venture. Bunge Maroc Phosphore S.A. is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
Proceeds from the disposal of property, plant and equipment of $36 million in 2009 included the sale of certain marine assets and other equipment. Proceeds received in 2008 included $25 million received primarily from the sale of a grain elevator and a sale of land in North America.
Cash provided by financing activities was $774 million in 2009, compared to cash used of $1,146 million in 2008. In 2009, we had $166 million of net borrowings, which primarily financed our working capital requirements. In 2008, we had a $858 million net repayment of debt. In August 2009, we sold 12,000,000 common shares of Bunge Limited in a public equity offering, including the exercise in full of the underwriters' over-allotment option, for which we received net proceeds of approximately $761 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and expenses. We used the net proceeds of this offering to repay indebtedness and for other general corporate purposes. We received $2 million from the issuance of our common shares relating to the exercise of employee stock options under our employee incentive plan. Dividends paid to our common shareholders in 2009 and 2008 were $103 million and $87 million, respectively. Dividends paid to holders of our convertible preference shares in 2009 and 2008 were $78 million and $81 million, respectively. Dividends of $17 million and $154 million were paid to certain noncontrolling interest shareholders in 2009 and 2008, respectively. Financing activities also included capital contributions of $87 million from noncontrolling interests primarily in our sugar business.
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2008 Compared to 2007. In 2008, our net cash and cash equivalents increased $23 million, reflecting the net impact of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, compared to a $616 million increase in our net cash and cash equivalents in 2007.
Our operating activities provided cash of $2,543 million in 2008, compared to cash used of $411 million in 2007. Our cash flow from operations varies depending on the timing of the acquisition of, and the market prices for, agribusiness commodity inventories and the existence of a positive carrying structure in the market for agricultural commodities, which encourages commodity merchandisers to hold inventories. Generally, during periods when commodity prices are high, our operations require increased levels of working capital and our customers will, in many cases, reduce the volume of agricultural commodity forward sales contracts with us in anticipation that prices will decline. As a result, we are dependent on exchange-traded futures to minimize the effects of changes in the prices of agricultural commodities on our agribusiness inventories and forward commodity purchase contracts. The majority of our exchange-traded futures are settled in cash on a daily basis. As a result of the rising prices of agricultural commodities during the first half of 2008, we experienced significant cash payment obligations related to these daily settlements. In addition, our food ingredients raw material costs also increased during the first half of 2008 as a result of the higher commodity prices. In the second half of 2008, agricultural prices fell sharply, resulting in an inflow of cash during this period from daily settlements of exchange-traded futures positions.
Our operating subsidiaries are primarily funded with U.S. dollar-denominated debt. The functional currency of our operating subsidiaries is generally the local currency and the financial statements are calculated in the functional currency and translated into U.S. dollars. These U.S. dollar-denominated loans are remeasured into their respective functional currencies at exchange rates at the applicable balance sheet date. The resulting gain or loss is included in our consolidated statements of income as a foreign exchange gain or loss. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had a $472 million loss and a $285 million gain, respectively, on debt denominated in U.S. dollars at our subsidiaries, which was included as an adjustment to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used for) operating activities in the line item "Foreign exchange gain on debt" in our consolidated statements of cash flows. This adjustment is required because the cash flow impacts of these gains or losses are recognized as financing activities when the subsidiary repays the underlying U.S. dollar-denominated debt and therefore have no impact on cash flows from operations.
Cash used for investing activities was $1,106 million in 2008, compared to cash used of $794 million in 2007. Payments made for capital expenditures in 2008 included primarily investments in property, plant and equipment as described under "Capital Expenditures."
Acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets in 2008 included $25 million cash paid, net of cash received for our acquisition of a European margarine producer based in Germany. We also acquired a 60% interest in a sugarcane mill in Brazil for a total of $54 million, including $28 million in cash, a wheat mill in Brazil for $17 million in cash, and a corn mill and grain elevator in the U.S. for $28 million in cash. Other smaller acquisitions were made with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $39 million in cash. We recorded goodwill of $72 million as a result of these acquisitions.
Additionally in 2008, we entered into an agreement to acquire the international sugar trading and marketing division of Tate & Lyle. The acquisition was accomplished in two stages. In the first stage, completed in July 2008, the operations and employees of Tate & Lyle's international sugar trading business were transferred to us. The purchase consideration attributable to this stage of the transaction was immaterial. The second stage of this transaction was completed in March 2009, at which point we assumed approximately $65 million of working capital related to the acquired operations. The working capital was recorded at fair value.
Investments in affiliates in 2008 included a $61 million investment for a 50% ownership interest in our Bunge Maroc Phosphore S.A. joint venture. Bunge Maroc Phosphore S.A. is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. In 2007, investments in affiliates included $32 million of increased investments in our biofuels joint ventures in North and South America.
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Proceeds from the disposal of property, plant and equipment of $39 million in 2008 included $25 million received primarily from the sale of a grain elevator and a sale of land in North America. Proceeds received in 2007 were $55 million, which primarily included the sale of land, a packaging plant and silos.
Cash used for financing activities was $1,146 million in 2008, compared to cash provided of $1,762 million in 2007. In 2008 we had a $858 million net repayment of debt and in 2007, we had net borrowings of $922 million, which primarily financed our working capital requirements. Dividends paid to our common shareholders in 2008 and 2007 were $87 million and $80 million, respectively. Dividends paid to holders of our convertible preference shares in 2008 and 2007 were $81 million and $34 million, respectively. Dividends of $154 million were paid to certain noncontrolling interest shareholders.
Brazilian Farmer Credit
Background. We advance funds to farmers, primarily in Brazil, through secured advances to suppliers and prepaid commodity purchase contracts. We also sell fertilizer to farmers, primarily in Brazil, on credit as described below. The ability of our customers and suppliers to repay these amounts is affected by agricultural economic conditions in the relevant geography, which are, in turn, affected by commodity prices, currency exchange rates, crop input costs and crop quality and yields. Brazilian farm economics in 2006 and 2005 were adversely affected by volatility in soybean prices, a steadily appreciating Brazilian real and, in certain regions, poor crop quality and yields. Certain Brazilian farmers responded to these conditions by delaying payments owed to farm input suppliers and lenders, including Bunge. While Brazilian farm economics have improved over the past few years, some Brazilian farmers continue to face economic challenges due to high debt levels and a strong Brazilian real. Accordingly, in certain instances, as described further below, we have renegotiated certain past due accounts receivable to extend the customer payment terms over longer periods and have initiated legal proceedings against certain customers to collect amounts owed which are in default. In addition, we have tightened our credit policies to reduce exposure to higher risk accounts, and have increased collateral requirements for certain customers.
Because Brazilian farmer credit exposures are denominated in local currency, reported values are impacted by movements in the value of the Brazilian real when translated into U.S. dollars. From December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009, the Brazilian real appreciated by 34%, increasing the reported farmer credit exposure balances when translated into U.S. dollars.
Fertilizer Segment Accounts Receivable. In our fertilizer segment, customer accounts receivable typically have repayment terms ranging from 30 to 180 days. As the farmer's cash flow is seasonal and is typically generated after the crop is harvested, the actual due dates of the accounts receivable are individually determined based upon when a farmer purchases our fertilizer and the anticipated date for the harvest and sale of the farmer's crop. The payment terms for these accounts receivable are sometimes renegotiated if there is a crop failure or the cash flows generated from the harvest are not adequate for the farmer to repay balances due to us.
We periodically evaluate the collectibility of our trade accounts receivable and record allowances if we determine that collection is doubtful. We base our determination of the allowance on analyses of credit quality of individual accounts, considering also the economic and financial condition of the farming industry and other market conditions. We continue to monitor the economic environment and events taking place in Brazil and adjust this allowance depending upon the circumstances.
In addition to our fertilizer trade accounts receivable, we issue guarantees to third parties in Brazil relating to amounts owed these third parties by certain of our customers. These guarantees are discussed under the heading "Guarantees".
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The table below details our fertilizer segment trade accounts receivable balances and the related allowances for doubtful accounts as of the dates indicated:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions, except percentages)
|
2009 | 2008 | |||||
Trade accounts receivable (current) |
$ | 302 | $ | 354 | |||
Allowance for doubtful accounts (current) |
11 | 19 | |||||
Trade accounts receivable (non-current) (1) (2) |
316 | 232 | |||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts (non-current) (1) |
160 | 127 | |||||
Total trade accounts receivable (current and non-current) |
618 | 586 | |||||
Total allowance for doubtful accounts (current and non-current) |
171 | 146 | |||||
Total allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of total trade accounts receivable |
28 | % | 25 | % |
Secured Advances to Suppliers and Prepaid Commodity Contracts. We purchase soybeans through prepaid commodity purchase contracts (advance cash payments to suppliers against contractual obligations to deliver specified quantities of soybeans in the future) and secured advances to suppliers (advances to suppliers against commitments to deliver soybeans in the future), primarily in Brazil. These financing arrangements are typically secured by the farmer's future crop and mortgages on the farmer's land, buildings and equipment, and are generally settled after the farmer's crop is harvested and sold. We also extend secured advances to our suppliers on a long-term basis as producers use these advances to expand planted acreage and to purchase other supplies needed for the production of agricultural commodities. Newly expanded production acreage will generally take two to three years to reach normal yields. The repayment terms of our non-current secured advances to suppliers generally range from two to three years. This program is intended to assure the future supply of agricultural commodities.
Interest earned on secured advances to suppliers of $41 million, $48 million and $57 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, is included in net sales in the consolidated statements of income.
The table below shows details of prepaid commodity contracts and secured advances to suppliers outstanding at our Brazilian operations as of the dates indicated:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
2009 | 2008 | |||||
Prepaid commodity contracts |
$ | 96 | $ | 104 | |||
Secured advances to suppliers (current) (1) |
278 | 426 | |||||
Total (current) |
374 | 530 | |||||
Soybeans received (2) |
(13 | ) | (41 | ) | |||
Net |
361 | 489 | |||||
Secured advances to suppliers (non-current) (1) (3) |
308 | 253 | |||||
Total (current and non-current) |
$ | 669 | $ | 742 | |||
Allowance for uncollectible advances |
$ | (75 | ) | $ | (37 | ) | |
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prior years. These amounts represent the portion of the renegotiated balances from prior years that are expected to be collected within the next 12 months based on the renegotiated payment terms. Included in the secured advances to suppliers (non-current) are $20 million and $33 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, of renegotiated balances with collection expected to be greater than 12 months based on the renegotiated payment terms.
Capital Expenditures
Our cash payments made for capital expenditures were $918 million in 2009, $896 million in 2008 and $658 million in 2007. In 2009, capital expenditures primarily included investments in property, plant and equipment related to expanding our sugar business, expanding and upgrading port facilities in the United States and Brazil and expanding and upgrading our mining and fertilizer production capacity in Brazil. In 2008, major capital projects included expansion of our oilseed processing capabilities in the U.S. and construction of new oilseed processing plants in Brazil and Russia, expansion of our Brazilian phosphate rock production capacity, construction and expansion of sugarcane and ethanol production facilities. In 2007, major capital projects included the expansion of oilseed processing capabilities and construction of a new refinery in Canada, continued construction of port facilities in Brazil, expansion of Brazilian phosphate rock production capacity and a new wheat mill, and expansion of our sugar production facility in Brazil.
We intend to make capital expenditures of approximately $750 million to $850 million in 2010. Of this amount, we expect that approximately 25% will be used for sustaining current production capacity, as well as for safety and environmental programs. The balance primarily relates to investments to expand our sugarcane milling capacity in Brazil, build a new port facility in the U.S. and expand our fertilizer production capacity in Morocco. We intend to fund this level of capital expenditures with cash flows from operations and available borrowings. While we have not yet finalized the intended use of proceeds from the pending sale of our Brazilian fertilizer nutrients assets to Vale, we may use a portion of the proceeds to fund incremental capital expenditures.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Guarantees
We have issued or were party to the following guarantees at December 31, 2009:
(US$ in millions)
|
Maximum Potential Future Payments |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Customer financing (1) |
$ | 122 | ||
Unconsolidated affiliates financing (2) |
13 | |||
Total |
$ | 135 | ||
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financing arrangements, which are generally one year or less, with the exception of guarantees issued under certain Brazilian government programs, primarily from 2006, where terms are up to five years. In the event that the customers default on their payments to the third parties and we would be required to perform under the guarantees, we have obtained collateral from the customers. At December 31, 2009, we had approximately $82 million of tangible property that had been pledged to us as collateral against certain of these refinancing arrangements. We evaluate the likelihood of the customer repayments of the amounts due under these guarantees based upon an expected loss analysis and record the fair value of such guarantees as an obligation in our consolidated financial statements. The fair value of these guarantees at December 31, 2009 was not significant.
In addition, we have provided full and unconditional parent-level guarantees of the indebtedness outstanding under certain senior credit facilities and senior notes entered into, or issued by, its 100%-owned subsidiaries. At December 31, 2009, debt with a carrying amount of $3,416 million related to these guarantees is included in our consolidated balance sheets. This debt includes the senior notes issued by two of our 100%-owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge N.A. Finance L.P. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp., Bunge N.A. Finance L.P. or any other Bunge subsidiary to transfer funds to us.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facilities
Certain of our European subsidiaries have an established accounts receivable securitization facility (Euro securitization facility). Through the Euro securitization facility, our European subsidiaries may offer to sell and the investor has the option to buy, without recourse, on a monthly basis certain eligible trade accounts receivable up to a maximum amount of Euro 200 million. Eligible accounts receivable are based on accounts receivable in certain designated European countries. We account for our transfers/sales of accounts receivable in accordance with FASB issued standards that provide guidance for transfers and servicing of financial assets. Our European subsidiaries retain collection and administrative responsibilities for the accounts receivable sold. At the time an account receivable is sold and title transferred, it is removed from the consolidated balance sheet and the proceeds are included in cash provided by operating activities. The effective yield rates on the accounts receivable sold are based on monthly EUR LIBOR plus 0.295% per annum, which includes the cost of the program and certain other administrative fees. In the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, we recognized expenses of approximately $5 million, $13 million and $13 million, respectively, in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income related to the Euro securitization facility.
The initial term of the Euro securitization facility expires in 2010, but it may be terminated earlier upon the occurrence of certain limited circumstances. Our European subsidiaries retain beneficial interests in certain accounts receivable that do not qualify as sales under the FASB issued standards. The beneficial interests are subordinate to the investors' interests and are valued at historical cost, which approximates fair value. The beneficial interests are recorded in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we sold approximately $198 million and $325 million, respectively, of accounts receivable to the Euro securitization facility, of which we have retained $56 million and $91 million, respectively, of beneficial interests in certain accounts receivable that did
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not qualify as sales. In addition, we recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $8 million and $11 million against the beneficial interests at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
We have two revolving accounts receivable securitization facilities, through our wholly owned North American operating subsidiaries. Through agreements with certain financial institutions, we may sell, on a revolving basis, undivided percentage ownership interests (undivided interests) in designated pools of accounts receivable without recourse up to a maximum amount of approximately $221 million. Collections reduce accounts receivable included in the pools, and are used to purchase new receivables, which become part of the pools. The $150 million facility expires in July 2010. The effective rate on this facility approximates the 30 day commercial paper rate plus annual commitment fees ranging from 90 basis points on an undrawn basis and 150 basis points on a drawn basis. The $71 million facility can be terminated by either party upon 30 days written notice. Pricing approximates a reference rate plus a utilization charge of 120 basis points.
During 2009 and 2008, the outstanding undivided interests averaged $153 million and $146 million, respectively. We retain collection and administrative responsibilities for the accounts receivable in the pools. We recognized $4 million, $7 million and $10 million in related expenses for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income.
In addition, we retain interests in the pools of accounts receivable not sold. Our retained interests in the pools are valued at historical cost, which approximates fair value. The full amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts has been retained in our consolidated balance sheets since collections of all pooled accounts receivable are first utilized to reduce the outstanding undivided interests. There were no outstanding undivided interests in pooled accounts receivable at December 31, 2009. Accounts receivable at December 31, 2008 were net of $125 million of outstanding undivided interests in pooled accounts receivable.
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our scheduled contractual obligations and their expected maturities at December 31, 2009, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in the future periods indicated.
|
At December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contractual Obligations (1)
|
Total | Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | After 5 Years |
|||||||||||
|
(US$ in millions) |
|||||||||||||||
Other short-term borrowings (1) |
$ | 166 | $ | 166 | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Variable interest rate obligations |
21 | 21 | | | | |||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) |
3,649 | 31 | 1,487 | 852 | 1,279 | |||||||||||
Fixed interest rate obligations |
1,026 | 186 | 344 | 217 | 279 | |||||||||||
Non-cancelable lease obligations |
695 | 138 | 199 | 105 | 253 | |||||||||||
Freight supply agreements (2) |
2,121 | 506 | 309 | 207 | 1,099 | |||||||||||
Inventory purchase commitments |
41 | 41 | | | | |||||||||||
Uncertain income tax positions (3) |
111 | 7 | | 104 | | |||||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
$ | 7,830 | $ | 1,096 | $ | 2,339 | $ | 1,485 | $ | 2,910 | ||||||
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commodities. In addition, we sell time on these ocean freight vessels when excess freight capacity is available. These agreements range from two months to approximately three years in the case of ocean freight vessels and 6 to 18 years in the case of railroad services. Actual amounts paid under these contracts may differ due to the variable components of these agreements and the amount of income earned by us on the sale of excess capacity. The railroad freight services agreements require a minimum monthly payment regardless of the actual level of freight services used by us. The costs of our freight supply agreements are typically passed through to our customers as a component of the prices we charge for our products. However, changes in the market value of freight compared to the rates at which we have contracted for freight may affect margins on the sales of agricultural commodities.
Also in the ordinary course of business, we enter into relet agreements related to ocean freight vessels that we have leased from third parties. These relet agreements are similar to sub-leases. Payments to be received by us under such relet agreements are approximately $176 million in 2010.
At December 31, 2009, we had $637 million of contractual commitments related to construction in progress.
Employee Benefit Plans
We expect to contribute $16 million to our defined benefit pension plans and $18 million to our post-retirement healthcare benefit plans in 2010.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We believe that the application of the following accounting policies, which are important to our financial position and results of operations, requires significant judgments and estimates on the part of management. For a summary of all of our accounting policies, including the accounting policies discussed below, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Allowances for Uncollectible Accounts
We evaluate the collectibility of our trade accounts receivable and secured advances to suppliers and record allowances for uncollectible accounts if we have determined that collection is doubtful. We base our determination of the allowance for uncollectible accounts on historical experience, market conditions, current trends and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. Different assumptions, changes in economic circumstances or the deterioration of the financial condition of our customers could result in additional provisions to the allowance for uncollectible accounts and an increase in bad debt expense. At December 31, 2009, our allowances for uncollectible current and non-current trade accounts receivable and secured advances to suppliers were $350 million and $75 million, respectively. At December 31, 2008, our allowances for uncollectible current and non-current trade accounts receivable and secured advances to suppliers were $291 million and $37 million, respectively. We continue to monitor the economic environment and events taking place in the applicable countries and will adjust these reserves in the future depending upon significant changes in circumstances.
Recoverable Taxes
We evaluate the collectibility of our recoverable taxes and record valuation allowances if we determine that collection is doubtful. Recoverable taxes primarily represent value-added or other
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similar transactional taxes paid on the acquisition of raw materials and other services which can be recovered in cash or as compensation of outstanding balances against income taxes or certain other taxes we may owe. Management's assumption about the collectibility of recoverable taxes requires significant judgment because it involves an assessment of the ability and willingness of the applicable federal or local government to refund the taxes. The balance of these allowances fluctuates depending on the sales activity of existing inventories, purchases of new inventories, percentages of export sales, seasonality, changes in applicable tax rates, cash payment by the applicable government agencies and compensation of outstanding balances against income or certain other taxes owed to the applicable governments. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the allowance for recoverable taxes was $164 million and $104 million, respectively. We continue to monitor the economic environment and events taking place in the applicable countries and in cases where we determine that recovery is doubtful, recoverable taxes are reduced by allowances for the estimated unrecoverable amounts.
Inventories and Derivatives
We use derivative instruments for the purpose of managing the exposures associated with agricultural commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs and for positioning our overall portfolio relative to expected market movements in accordance with established policies and procedures. We are exposed to loss in the event of non-performance by counterparties to certain of these contracts. The risk of non-performance is routinely monitored and adjustments recorded, if necessary, to account for potential non-performance. Different assumptions, changes in economic circumstances or the deterioration of the financial condition of the counterparties to these derivative instruments could result in additional fair value adjustments and increased expense reflected in cost of goods sold, foreign exchange or interest expense. We did not have significant allowances relating to non-performance by counterparties at December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2008, we recorded allowances of $181 million for current mark-to-market values of open positions and over-the-counter transactions related to non-performance by specific customers, of which $136 million was recorded in cost of goods sold and $45 million was recorded as bad debt expense in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Our readily marketable commodity inventories, forward purchase and sale contracts, and exchange-traded futures and options are valued at fair value. Readily marketable inventories are freely-traded, have quoted market prices, may be sold without significant additional processing and have predictable and insignificant disposal costs. We estimate fair values of commodity inventories and forward purchase and sale contracts based on exchange-quoted prices, adjusted for differences in local markets. Changes in the fair values of these inventories and contracts are recognized in our consolidated statements of income as a component of cost of goods sold. If we used different methods or factors to estimate fair values, amounts reported as inventories and unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts in the consolidated balance sheets and cost of goods sold could differ. Additionally, if market conditions change subsequent to year-end, amounts reported in future periods as inventories, unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and cost of goods sold could differ.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Intangible Assets
Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. When facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying values of property, plant and equipment assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability is performed by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the projected future cash flows to be generated by such assets. If it appears that the carrying value of our assets is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment loss as a charge against results of operations. Our judgments related to the expected useful lives of property, plant and equipment assets and our ability to realize undiscounted cash flows in excess of the carrying amount of such assets are affected by factors such as the ongoing maintenance of the assets, changes in economic conditions and changes in
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operating performance. As we assess the ongoing expected cash flows and carrying amounts of our property, plant and equipment assets, changes in these factors could cause us to realize material impairment charges.
In 2009, we recorded pretax non-cash impairment charges of $5 million in cost of goods sold in our agribusiness segment, relating to the permanent closure of a smaller, older and less efficient oilseed processing and refining facility in Brazil. In addition, we recorded $16 million of pretax non-cash impairment charges in selling, general and administrative expenses in our agribusiness segment, relating to the write-down of certain real estate assets in South America. The fair values of the real estate assets were determined by using third-party valuations.
In 2008, we recorded pretax non-cash impairment charges of $16 million and $2 million in cost of goods sold in our agribusiness and edible oil products segments, respectively, relating to the permanent closures of a smaller, older and less efficient oilseed processing and refining facility in Europe and a smaller, older and less efficient oilseed processing plant in the United States. The fair values of land and equipment at these facilities were determined by using third-party valuations.
In 2007, we recorded pretax non-cash impairment charges of $70 million. These charges included $22 million, $35 million and $13 million in our agribusiness, edible oil products and milling products segments, respectively, relating to management decisions to permanently close all or substantial portions of certain smaller, older and less efficient facilities, which included four oilseed processing, refining and packaging facilities in Europe, an oilseed processing facility and an edible oil products packaging facility in the United States, a wheat milling facility in Brazil and a corn milling facility in Canada. The fair values of land and equipment at these facilities were determined by using third-party valuations. In addition to the facility impairments, 2007 pretax impairment charges included $11 million of impairments related to certain brands, related goodwill and other intangible assets in India as a result of declining returns on those assets. The fair values of the brands and related intangibles were determined by using a third-party valuation. For the year ended December 31, 2007, $59 million of impairment charges were recorded in cost of goods sold related to the facility closures and the $11 million of write-downs of brands and related intangible assets were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Investments in Affiliates
We continually review our equity investments to determine whether a decline in fair value below the cost basis is other-than-temporary. We consider various factors in determining whether to recognize an impairment charge, including the length of time that the fair value of the investment is less than our carrying value, the financial condition, operating performance and near term prospects of the investment, which include general market conditions specific to the investment or the industry in which it operates, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery in fair value. We recorded $10 million of pretax non-cash impairment charges in selling, general and administrative expenses in our agribusiness segment relating to an equity investment in a U.S. biodiesel producer. The fair value of this investment was determined utilizing projected cash flows of the biodiesel producer. We did not have any significant impairment charges relating to our equity investments in 2008 and 2007.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the costs of businesses acquired over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually. In assessing the recovery of goodwill, projections regarding estimated discounted future cash flows, market place data and other factors are used to determine the fair value of the reporting units and the respective assets. These projections are based on historical data, anticipated market conditions
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and management plans. If these estimates or related projections change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges. We performed our annual impairment test in the fourth quarters of 2009, 2008 and 2007. There was no impairment of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. We recorded goodwill impairment charges of $13 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 related to our packaged oil brands in Europe and Asia in our edible oils segment. The impairments resulted from a decline in market conditions in Asia and our continued business realignment in Europe.
Contingencies
We are a party to a large number of claims and lawsuits, primarily tax and labor claims in Brazil, arising in the normal course of business, and have accrued our estimate of the probable costs to resolve these claims. This estimate has been developed in consultation with in-house and outside counsel and is based on an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. Future results of operations for any particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or the effectiveness of our strategies relating to these proceedings. For more information on tax and labor claims in Brazil, please see "Item 3. Legal Proceedings."
Employee Benefit Plans
We sponsor various U.S. and foreign pension and post-retirement benefit plans. In connection with the plans, we make various assumptions in the determination of projected benefit obligations and expense recognition related to pension and post-retirement obligations. Key assumptions include discount rates, rates of return on plan assets, asset allocations and rates of future compensation increases. Management develops its assumptions based on its experience and by reference to market related data. All assumptions are reviewed periodically and adjusted as necessary. In addition, one of our Brazil-based fertilizer subsidiaries participates in a multiple-employer defined benefit pension plan managed by Fundacao Petrobras de Securidade Social (Petros).
A one percentage point decrease in the assumed discount rate on primarily the U.S. and Brazilian Petros defined benefit pension plans would increase annual expense by $5 million and $3 million, respectively, and would increase the projected benefit obligation by $57 million and $42 million, respectively. A one percentage point increase in the assumed discount rate would decrease annual expense by $4 million and $5 million, respectively, and would increase the projected benefit obligation by $49 million and $38 million, respectively. A one percentage point increase or decrease in the long-term return assumptions on our defined benefit pension plan assets would increase or decrease annual pension expense by $3 million and $3 million, respectively.
Income Taxes
We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that we are likely to realize. We consider projections of future taxable income and prudent tax planning strategies to assess the need for and the size of the valuation allowances. If we determine that we can realize a deferred tax asset in excess of our net recorded amount, we decrease the valuation allowance, thereby increasing net income. Conversely, if we determine that we are unable to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset, we increase the valuation allowance, thereby decreasing net income.
Prior to recording a valuation allowance, our deferred tax assets were $1,748 million and $1,458 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. However, we have recorded valuation allowances of $116 million and $94 million at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, primarily representing the uncertainty regarding the recoverability of certain net operating loss carryforwards.
On January 1, 2007, we adopted the guidance of a FASB issued standard on income taxes that requires us to apply a "more likely than not" threshold to the recognition and de-recognition of tax
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benefits. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations. We recognize potential liabilities and record tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether it is more likely than not additional taxes will be due. We adjust these liabilities in light of changing facts and circumstances; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. If our estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, an additional charge to expense would result. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be less than the recorded amounts, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determined the liabilities are no longer necessary. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had recorded tax liabilities of $111 million and $138 million, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting PronouncementsIn June 2009, the FASB issued its Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 105 (formerly Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 168, The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162), which became the source of authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities law are also sources of authoritative U.S. GAAP for SEC registrants. The ASC became effective for the financial statements issued for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009 and superseded all then-existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards. All other non-grandfathered non-SEC accounting literature not included in the ASC became nonauthoritative. The FASB will not issue new standards in the form of Statements (SFAS's), FASB Staff Positions (FSP's) or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts (EITF's), but rather it will issue Accounting Standards Updates (ASU's). FASB will not consider the ASU's as authoritative in their own right as they will only serve to update the ASC, provide background information about guidance and provide the bases for conclusions on the changes in the ASC. Bunge has adopted the ASC effective for its September 30, 2009 quarterly report on Form 10-Q and has revised the disclosure of the U.S. GAAP source references in its financial reporting.
Bunge adopted the provisions of a FASB issued standard prospectively for its quarter ended June 30, 2009, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued (for public companies) or are available to be issued. This standard defines two types of subsequent events, recognized or nonrecognized, and requires disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date (i.e., the date the financial statements were issued or available to be issued). This standard was effective prospectively for interim or annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009. In February 2010, the FASB issued an ASU changing the requirements with the respect to the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events. An entity whose financial statements are filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission is not required to disclose in its financial statements the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated. This ASU is effective upon issuance for originally issued financial statements. See Note 27 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB issued a standard that provides additional guidance on estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability within the scope of previously issued guidance. This standard also provides additional guidance on circumstances which may indicate that a transaction is not orderly (emphasizing that an orderly transaction is not a forced transaction, such as a
66
liquidation or distressed sale). This standard amends previously issued guidance to require interim disclosures of the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value reflecting changes in the valuation techniques and related inputs, if any, on an interim basis applicable to items measured on a recurring and nonrecurring basis. This standard was effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. Bunge's adoption of this standard for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In April 2009, the FASB issued a standard that extends the requirements of previously issued guidance to interim financial statements of publicly-traded companies. Prior to this standard, fair values for these assets and liabilities were only disclosed once a year. This standard requires that disclosures provide qualitative and quantitative information on fair value estimates for all financial instruments, when practicable, with the exception of certain financial instruments listed in the previously issued guidance. This standard was effective prospectively for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. Bunge adopted this standard for the quarter ended June 30, 2009.
In April 2009, the FASB issued a standard that provides guidance on the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity. It also expands and increases the frequency of disclosures about other-than-temporary impairments in both debt and equity securities within the scope of previously issued guidance. This standard was effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. Bunge's adoption of this standard for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2008, the FASB issued a standard that requires more detailed disclosure about employers' postretirement defined benefit plan assets, including employers' investment strategies, major categories of plan assets, concentration of risks within plan assets and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets. The disclosures are required to be included in financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. Bunge adopted this standard prospectively for the year ended December 31, 2009. See Notes 17 and 18 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued a standard which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under previously issued guidance. This standard was effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Bunge's adoption of this standard effective January 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued a standard that amends previously issued guidance by requiring expanded disclosures about a company's derivative instruments and hedging activities, including increased qualitative, quantitative, and credit risk disclosures, but does not change the scope or accounting of previously issued guidance. This standard also amends previously issued guidance to clarify that derivative instruments are subject to the concentration-of-credit-risk disclosures. This standard was effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. On January 1, 2009, Bunge adopted the provisions of this standard. See Note 13 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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In December 2007, the FASB issued a standard that seeks to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. This standard generally requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date. It also requires an acquirer in a business combination achieved in stages to recognize the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, at the full amounts of their fair values. In addition, this standard requires an acquirer to recognize adjustments made during the measurement period to the acquired assets and liabilities as if they had occurred on the acquisition date and revise prior period financial statements in subsequent filings for changes. This standard further requires that all acquisition related costs be expensed as incurred, rather than capitalized as part of the purchase price, and that the restructuring costs that an acquirer expected but was not obligated to incur be expensed separately from the business combination. This standard applied prospectively to business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Bunge's adoption of this standard on January 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting PronouncementsIn June 2009, the FASB issued a standard, which amends the consolidation guidance that applies to variable interest entities (VIEs) with focus on structured finance entities, as well as qualifying special-purpose entities. The standard requires an enterprise to 1) determine whether an entity is a VIE, 2) whether the enterprise has a controlling financial interest indicating it is a primary beneficiary in a VIE, and 3) provide enhanced disclosures about an enterprise's involvement in VIEs. The standard is effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this standard effective January 1, 2010 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2009, the FASB issued a standard, which amends the de-recognition of previously issued FASB guidance and addresses improvements in accounting and disclosures required by the previously issued guidance. The disclosure provisions of the standard are required to be applied to transfers that occurred both before and after the effective date of the standard. The standard is effective for financial asset transfers occurring after the beginning of a company's first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of the standard, effective January 1, 2010, will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Item 7. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Risk Management
As a result of our global operating and financing activities, we are exposed to changes in, among other things, agricultural commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs which may affect our results of operations and financial position. We actively monitor and manage these various market risks associated with our business activities. We have a corporate risk management group, headed by our chief risk officer, which analyzes and monitors our risk exposures globally. Additionally, our board of directors' finance and risk policy committee supervises, reviews and periodically revises our overall risk management policies and limits.
We use derivative instruments for the purpose of managing the exposures associated with commodity prices, transportation costs, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy costs and for positioning our overall portfolio relative to expected market movements in accordance with established policies and procedures. We enter into derivative instruments primarily with major financial institutions, commodity exchanges in the case of commodity futures and options, or shipping companies in the case of ocean freight. While these derivative instruments are subject to fluctuations in value, those fluctuations are generally offset by the changes in fair value of the underlying exposures. The
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derivative instruments are intended to reduce the volatility on our results of operations, however, they can occasionally result in earnings volatility, which may be material.
Credit and Counterparty Risk
Through our normal business activities, we are subject to significant credit and counterparty risks that arise through normal commercial sales and purchases, including forward commitments to buy or sell, and through various other over-the-counter (OTC) derivative instruments that we utilize to manage risks inherent in our business activities. We define credit and counterparty risk as a potential financial loss due to the failure of a counterparty to honor its obligations. The exposure is measured based upon several factors, including unpaid accounts receivable from counterparties and unrealized gains from OTC derivative instruments (including forward purchase and sale contracts). We actively monitor credit and counterparty risk through credit analysis by local credit staffs and review by various local and corporate committees which monitor counterparty performance. We record provisions for counterparty losses from time to time as a result of our credit and counterparty analysis.
During periods of tight conditions in global credit markets, downturns in regional or global economic conditions, and/or significant price volatility, credit and counterparty risks are heightened. This increased risk is monitored through, among other things, increased communication with key counterparties, management reviews and specific focus on counterparties or groups of counterparties that we may determine as high risk. In addition, we have limited new credit extensions in certain cases and reduced our use of non exchange-cleared derivative instruments.
Commodities Risk
We operate in many areas of the food industry, from agricultural raw materials to the production and sale of branded food ingredients. As a result, we purchase and produce various materials, many of which are agricultural commodities, including soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal, softseed (including sunflower seed, rapeseed and canola) and related oil and meal derived from them, wheat, corn and sugar. Agricultural commodities are subject to price fluctuations due to a number of unpredictable factors that may create price risk. We are also subject to the risk of counterparty non-performance under forward purchase or sale contracts and from time to time have experienced instances of counterparty non-performance, including as a result of counterparty profitability under these contracts declining significantly as a result of significant movements in commodity prices between the time in which the contracts were executed and the contractual forward delivery period.
We enter into various derivative contracts with the primary objective of managing our exposure to adverse price movements in the agricultural commodities used for our business operations. We have established policies that limit the amount of unhedged fixed price agricultural commodity positions permissible for our operating companies, which are generally a combination of volume and value-at-risk (VaR) limits. We measure and review our net commodities position on a daily basis.
Our daily net agricultural commodity position consists of inventory, forward purchase and sale contracts, over-the-counter and exchange traded derivative instruments, including those used to hedge portions of our production requirements. The fair value of that position is a summation of the fair values calculated for each agricultural commodity by valuing all of our commodity positions at quoted market prices for the period where available or utilizing a close proxy. VaR is calculated on the net position and monitored at the 95% and 99% confidence intervals. In addition, scenario analysis and stress testing are performed. For example, one measure of market risk is estimated as the potential loss
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in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in prices. The results of this analysis, which may differ from actual results, are as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, 2009 |
Year Ended December 31, 2008 |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(US$ in millions)
|
Fair Value | Market Risk | Fair Value | Market Risk | |||||||||
Highest long position |
$ | 616 | $ | (62 | ) | $ | 897 | $ | (90 | ) | |||
Highest short position |
(943 | ) | (94 | ) | (754 | ) | (75 | ) |
Ocean Freight Risk
Ocean freight represents a significant portion of our operating costs. The market price for ocean freight varies depending on the supply and demand for ocean vessels, global economic conditions and other factors. We enter into time charter agreements for time on ocean freight vessels based on forecasted requirements for the purpose of transporting agricultural commodities. Our time charter agreements generally have terms ranging from two months to approximately three years. We use financial derivatives, known as freight forward agreements, to hedge portions of our ocean freight costs. The ocean freight derivatives are included in other current assets and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value.
A portion of the ocean freight derivatives have been designated as fair value hedges of our firm commitments to purchase time on ocean freight vessels. Changes in the fair value of the ocean freight derivatives that are qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged firm commitments to purchase time on ocean freight vessels that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in earnings. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we recognized in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of income $14 million of gains on the firm commitments to purchase time on ocean freight vessels, which were offset by $14 million of losses on freight derivative contracts. There was no material gain or loss recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2009 due to hedge ineffectiveness. In 2008, a portion of the fair market value hedges of firm commitments to purchase time on ocean freight vessels were de-designated. In the year ended December 31, 2009, we recognized gains of $17 million in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of income related to the amortization of amounts recorded in current and non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. We expect to recognize gains of $14 million in 2010, respectively, in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of income related to the amortization of amounts recorded in current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2009.
Energy Risk
We purchase various energy commodities such as bunker fuel, electricity and natural gas that are used to operate our manufacturing facilities and ocean freight vessels. The energy commodities are subject to price risk. We use financial derivatives, including exchange traded and OTC swaps and options, with the primary objective of hedging portions of our energy exposure. These energy derivatives are included in other current assets and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value.
Currency Risk
Our global operations require active participation in foreign exchange markets. To reduce the risk arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations, we follow a policy of hedging monetary assets and liabilities and commercial transactions with non-functional currency exposure. Our primary exposure is related to our subsidiaries located in Brazil and Europe and to a lesser extent, Argentina, Canada and Asia. We enter into derivative instruments, such as forward contracts and swaps, and to a lesser extent,
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foreign currency options, to limit exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates with respect to our recorded foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities and our local currency operating expenses. We may also hedge other foreign currency exposures as deemed appropriate.
When determining our exposure, we exclude intercompany loans that are deemed to be permanently invested. The repayments of permanently invested intercompany loans are not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future and therefore are treated as analogous to equity for accounting purposes. As a result, the foreign exchange gains and losses on these borrowings are excluded from the determination of net income and recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets. The balance of permanently invested intercompany borrowings was $1,401 million as of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008. Included in other comprehensive income (loss) are foreign exchange gains of $357 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 and losses of $353 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, related to permanently invested intercompany loans.
For risk management purposes and to determine the overall level of hedging required, we further reduce the foreign exchange exposure determined above by the value of our agricultural commodities inventories. Our agricultural commodities inventories, because of their international pricing in U.S. dollars, provide a natural offset to our currency exposure.
Our net currency positions, including currency derivatives, and our market risk, are measured in the following table as the potential loss from an adverse 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates. In addition, we have provided an analysis of our foreign currency exposure after reducing the exposure for our agricultural commodities inventories. Actual results may differ from the information set forth below.
(US$ in millions)
|
December 31, 2009 |
December 31, 2008 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazilian Operations (primarily exposure to U.S. dollar): |
|||||||
Net currency short position, from financial instruments, including derivatives |
$ | (1,634 | ) | $ | (2,701 | ) | |
Market risk |
(163 | ) | (270 | ) | |||
Agricultural commodities inventories |
1,133 | 1,015 | |||||
Net currency short position, less agricultural commodities inventories (1) |
(501 | ) | (1,686 | ) | |||
Market risk (1) |
$ | (50 | ) | $ | (169 | ) | |
Argentine Operations (primarily exposure to U.S. dollar): |
|||||||
Net currency short position, from financial instruments, including derivatives |
$ | (377 | ) | $ | (253 | ) | |
Market risk |
(38 | ) | (25 | ) | |||
Agricultural commodities inventories |
343 | 301 | |||||
Net currency (short) long position, less agricultural commodities inventories |
(34 | ) | 48 | ||||
Market risk |
$ | (3 | ) | $ | 5 | ||
European Operations (primarily exposure to U.S. dollar): |
|||||||
Net currency short position, from financial instruments, including derivatives |
$ | (497 | ) | $ | (526 | ) | |
Market risk |
(50 | ) | (53 | ) | |||
Agricultural commodities inventories |
454 | 526 | |||||
Net currency short position, less agricultural commodities inventories |
(43 | ) | | ||||
Market risk |
$ | (4 | ) | $ | |
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Interest Rate Risk
We have debt in fixed and floating rate instruments. We are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates. We enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage our interest rate exposure related to our debt portfolio.
The aggregate fair value of our short- and long-term debt, based on market yields at December 31, 2009, was $3,962 million with a carrying value of $3,815 million.
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the interest yields on our debt at December 31, 2009 would result in a decrease of approximately $117 million in the fair value of our debt. Similarly, a decrease of 100 basis points in the interest yields on our debt at December 31, 2009 would cause an increase of approximately $132 million in the fair value of our debt.
A hypothetical 1% change in LIBOR would result in a change of approximately a $12 million in our interest expense. Some of our variable rate debt is denominated in currencies other than in U.S. dollars and is indexed to non-U.S. dollar based interest rate indices, such as EURIBOR and TJLP. As such, the hypothetical 1% change in interest rate ignores the impact from any currency movements.
Derivative Instruments
Interest Rate DerivativesThe interest rate swaps used by us as hedging instruments have been recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded contemporaneously in earnings. Additionally, the carrying amount of the associated debt is adjusted through earnings for changes in the fair value arising from changes in benchmark interest rates. Ineffectiveness as defined in a FASB issued standard is recognized to the extent that these two adjustments do not offset. We enter into interest rate swap agreements for the purpose of managing certain of our interest rate exposures. Certain of these swap agreements have been designated as fair value hedges within the guidance of a FASB issued standard. In addition, we have entered into certain interest rate basis swap agreements that do not qualify for hedge accounting, and therefore we have not designated these swap agreements as hedge instruments for accounting purposes. As a result, changes in fair value of the interest rate basis swap agreements are recorded as an adjustment to earnings.
The following table summarizes our outstanding interest rate swap and interest rate basis swap agreements as of December 31, 2009.
(US$ in millions)
|
Notional Amount of Hedged Obligation |
Notional Amount of Derivative (4) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interest rate swap agreements |
$ | 250 | $ | 250 | |||
Weighted average rate payable1.18% (1) |
|||||||
Weighted average rate receivable4.33% (2) |
|||||||
Interest rate basis swap agreements |
$ | 375 | $ | 375 | |||
Weighted average rate payable0.61% (1) |
|||||||
Weighted average rate receivable0.23% (3) |
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We recognized approximately $8 million and $3 million as a reduction in interest expense in the consolidated statements of income in the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, relating to our outstanding interest rate swap agreements. We recognized approximately $8 million in interest expense in the year ended December 31, 2007 relating to our outstanding interest rate swap agreements. In addition, in 2009, 2008 and 2007, we recognized gains of approximately $11 million, $12 million and $6 million, respectively, as a reduction of interest expense in the consolidated statements of income, related to the amortization of deferred gains on termination of interest rate swap agreements.
We reclassified approximately $2 million of loss in each of the years 2009, 2008 and 2007 from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets to interest expense in our consolidated statements of income, which related to settlements of certain derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges, in connection with forecasted issuances of debt financing. We expect to reclassify approximately $2 million to interest expense in 2010 (see Note 21 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements).
Foreign exchange derivativesWe use a combination of foreign exchange forward and option contracts in certain of our operations to mitigate the risk from exchange rate fluctuations in connection with anticipated sales denominated in foreign currencies. The foreign exchange forward and option contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. We also use net investment hedges to partially offset the translation adjustments arising from the remeasurement of our investments in Brazilian subsidiaries.
We assess, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedge transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the hedged items.
The table below summarizes the notional amounts of open foreign exchange positions as of December 31, 2009:
|
December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Exchange Traded | Non-exchange Traded | |
||||||||
(US$ in millions)
|
Net-(Short) & Long (1) |
(Short) (2) | Long (2) | Unit of Measure | |||||||
Foreign Exchange: |
|||||||||||
Options |
$ | | $ | (126 | ) | $ | 5 | Delta | |||
Forwards |
(19 | ) | (738 | ) | 2,798 | Notional | |||||
Swaps |
| (1,246 | ) | 1,009 | Notional |
In addition, we have cross-currency interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional principal amount of 10 billion Japanese Yen maturing in 2011 for the purpose of managing its currency exposure associated with its 10 billion Japanese Yen term loan due 2011. We have accounted for these cross-currency interest rate swap agreements as fair value hedges.
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The following table summarizes our outstanding cross-currency interest rate swap agreements as of December 31, 2009:
(US$ in millions)
|
Notional Amount of Hedged Obligation |
Notional Amount of Derivative (1) (2) |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. dollar/Yen cross-currency interest rate swaps |
$ | 108 | $ | 108 |
Commodity derivativesWe use derivative instruments to manage exposure to movements associated with agricultural commodity prices. We generally use exchange traded futures and options contracts to minimize the effects of changes in the prices of agricultural commodities on our agricultural commodity inventories and forward purchase and sales contracts, but may also from time to time enter into OTC commodity transactions, including swaps, which are settled in cash at maturity or termination based on exchange-quoted futures prices. Changes in fair values of exchange traded futures contracts representing the unrealized gains and/or losses on these instruments are settled daily generally through our wholly-owned futures clearing subsidiary. Forward purchase and sales contracts are primarily settled through delivery of agricultural commodities. While we consider these exchange traded futures and forward purchase and sales contracts to be effective economic hedges, we do not designate or account for the majority of its commodity contracts as hedges. Changes in fair values of these contracts and related readily marketable agricultural commodity inventories are included in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of income. The forward contracts require performance of both us and the contract counterparty in future periods. Contracts to purchase agricultural commodities generally relate to current or future crop years for delivery periods quoted by regulated commodity exchanges. Contracts for the sale of agricultural commodities generally do not extend beyond one future crop cycle.
In addition, we hedge portions of our forecasted oilseed processing production requirements, including forecasted purchases of soybeans and sales of soy commodity products. The instruments used are generally exchange traded futures contracts. Such contracts hedging U.S. oilseed processing activities qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges. Such contracts that are used as economic hedges of other global oilseed processing activities generally do not qualify for hedge accounting as a result of location differences and are therefore not designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.
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The table below summarizes the volumes of open agricultural commodities derivative positions as of December 31, 2009:
|
December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Exchange Traded | Non-exchange Traded | |
||||||||
|
Net (Short) & Long (1) |
(Short) (2) | Long (2) | Unit of Measure |
|||||||
Agricultural Commodities |
|||||||||||
Futures |
(8,279,413 | ) | | | Metric Tons | ||||||
Options |
(360,512 | ) | (208,367 | ) | 61,507 | Metric Tons | |||||
Forwards |
| (18,753,589 | ) | 24,858,319 | Metric Tons | ||||||
Swaps |
| (3,357,291 | ) | | Metric Tons |
Ocean freight derivativesWe use derivative instruments referred to as freight forward agreements, or FFAs, and FFA options, to hedge portions of our current and anticipated ocean freight costs. A portion of the ocean freight derivatives have been designated as fair value hedges of our firm commitments to purchase time on ocean freight vessels. Changes in the fair value of the ocean freight derivatives that are qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged firm commitments to purchase time on ocean freight vessels that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in earnings. Changes in the fair values of ocean freight derivatives that are not designated as hedges are also recorded in earnings.
The table below summarizes the open ocean freight positions as of December 31, 2009:
|
December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Exchange Cleared | Non-exchange Cleared | |
||||||||
|
Net (Short) & Long (1) |
(Short) (2) | Long (2) | Unit of Measure |
|||||||
Ocean Freight |
|||||||||||
FFA |
(12,789 | ) | (2,555 | ) | 5,486 | Hire Days | |||||
FFA Options |
279 | | | Hire Days |
Energy derivativesWe use derivative instruments to manage our exposure to volatility in energy costs. Our operations use substantial amounts of energy, including natural gas, coal, steam and fuel oil, including bunker fuel.
75
The table below summarizes the open energy positions as of December 31, 2009:
|
December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Exchange Cleared | Non-exchange Cleared | |
|||||||||
|
Net (Short) & Long (1) |
(Short) (2) | Long (2) | Unit of Measure |
||||||||
Natural Gas (3) |
||||||||||||
Futures |
845,000 | | | MMBtus | ||||||||
Swaps |
| | 179,137 | MMBtus | ||||||||
Options |
(20,000 | ) | | | MMBtus | |||||||
Energy-Other |
||||||||||||
Futures |
56,067 | | | Metric Tons | ||||||||
Forwards |
| (1,675,489 | ) | 2,464,041 | Metric Tons | |||||||
Swaps |
| (132,590 | ) | 69,086 | Metric Tons | |||||||
Options |
23,622 | (1,759,200 | ) | 23,622 | Metric Tons |
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Our financial statements and related schedule required by this item are contained on pages F-1 through F-79 and on page E-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Item 15(a) for a listing of financial statements provided.
Item 8A. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 8B. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including the principal executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of December 31, 2009, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
76
Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Bunge Limited's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Bunge Limited's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this annual report based on the framework in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management concluded that Bunge Limited's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this annual report.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that has audited and reported on Bunge Limited's consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, has issued its written attestation report on Bunge Limited's internal control over financial reporting, which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2009 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
None.
77
Information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will be filed in a definitive proxy statement for our 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 10 in our definitive proxy statement for our 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders under the captions "Election of Directors," "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," "Corporate GovernanceBoard Meetings and CommitteesAudit Committee," "Corporate GovernanceBoard Composition and Independence," "Audit Committee Report," "Corporate GovernanceCorporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Ethics" and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference. The information required by this item with respect to our executive officers and key employees is found in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption "Executive Officers and Key Employees of the Company," which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 11 in our definitive proxy statement for our 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders under the captions "Executive Compensation," "Director Compensation," "Compensation Committee Report," and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated in this Item 11 by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 12 in our definitive proxy statement for our 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders under the caption "Share Ownership of Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Shareholders" and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated in this Item 12 by reference. The information required by this item with respect to our equity compensation plan information is found in Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption "Equity Compensation Plan Information," which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 13 in our definitive proxy statement for our 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders under the captions "Corporate GovernanceBoard Composition and Independence," "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated in this Item 13 by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
We will provide information that is responsive to this Item 14 in our definitive proxy statement for our 2010 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders under the caption "Appointment of Independent Auditor" and possibly elsewhere therein. That information is incorporated in this Item 14 by reference.
78
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" on page F-1 and Financial Statement Schedule IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts on page E-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K.
Certain of the agreements filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K contain representations and warranties by the parties to the agreements that have been made solely for the benefit of the parties to the agreement, which may have been included in the agreement for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties rather than establishing matters as facts and may have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the parties in connection with the negotiation of these agreements and not necessarily reflected in the agreements. Accordingly, the representations and warranties contained in these agreements may not describe the actual state of affairs of Bunge Limited or its subsidiaries as of the date that these representations and warranties were made or at any other time. Investors should not rely on these representations and warranties as statements of fact. Additional information about Bunge Limited and its subsidiaries may be found elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Bunge Limited's other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
See "Index to Exhibits" set forth below.
Exhibit Number |
Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
2.1* | Share Purchase and Sale Agreement and Other Covenants, dated January 26, 2010, among Bunge Limited, Bunge Brasil Holdings B.V., Bunge Fertilizantes S.A., Vale S.A. and Mineração Naque S.A. (English Translation) | ||
3.1 |
Memorandum of Association (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form F-1 (No. 333-65026) filed July 13, 2001) |
||
3.2 |
Bye-laws, as amended May 23, 2008 (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed August 11, 2008) |
||
4.1 |
Form of Common Share Certificate (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 3, 2008) |
||
4.2 |
Certificate of Designation for Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preference Shares (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed November 20, 2006) |
||
4.3 |
Form of Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preference Share Certificate (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed November 20, 2006) |
||
4.4 |
Certificate of Designation for Cumulative Mandatory Convertible Preference Shares (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed November 7, 2007) |
||
4.5 |
Form of Cumulative Mandatory Convertible Preference Share Certificate (included in Exhibit 4.4) |
79
Exhibit Number |
Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
4.6 | The instruments defining the rights of holders of the long-term debt securities of Bunge and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. Bunge hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request | ||
4.7 |
Certificate of Deposit of Memorandum of Increase of Share Capital (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed August 11, 2008) |
||
10.1 |
Pooling Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2000, between Bunge Funding Inc., Bunge Management Services Inc., as Servicer, and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form F-1 (No. 333-65026) filed July 13, 2001) |
||
10.2 |
Second Amended and Restated Series 2000-1 Supplement, dated as of February 26, 2002, between Bunge Funding Inc, Bunge Management Services, Inc., as Servicer, Cooperative Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A., "Rabobank International," New York Branch, as Letter of Credit Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent, The Bank of New York, as Collateral Agent and Trustee, and Bunge Asset Funding Corp., as Series 2000-1 Purchaser, amending and restating the First Amended and Restated Series 2000-1 Supplement, dated July 12, 2001 (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form F-1 (No. 333-81322) filed March 8, 2002) |
||
10.3 |
Sixth Amended and Restated Liquidity Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2004, among Bunge Asset Funding Corp., the financial institutions party thereto, Citibank N.A., as Syndication Agent, BNP Paribas, as Documentation Agent, Credit Suisse First Boston, as Documentation Agent, Cooperative Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A., "Rabobank International," New York Branch, as Documentation Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2004) |
||
10.4 |
Eighth Amended and Restated Liquidity Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2007, among Bunge Asset Funding Corp., the financial institutions party thereto, Citibank N.A., as Syndication Agent, BNP Paribas, as Documentation Agent, Credit Suisse, acting through its Cayman Islands branch, as Documentation Agent, Cooperative Centrale Raiffeisen- Boerenleenbank B.A., "Rabobank International," New York Branch, as Documentation Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 3, 2008) |
||
10.5 |
Sixth Amended and Restated Guaranty, dated as of June 11, 2007, between Bunge Limited, as Guarantor, and Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A., "Rabobank International", New York Branch, in its capacity as the letter of credit agent under the Letter of Credit Reimbursement Agreement for the benefit of the Letter of Credit Banks, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as the administrative agent under the Liquidity Agreement, for the benefit of the Liquidity Banks and The Bank of New York, in its capacity as collateral agent under the Security Agreement and as trustee under the Pooling Agreement (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 14, 2007) |
||
10.6 |
Facility Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2008, among Bunge Finance Europe B.V., as Borrower, BNP Paribas, Calyon, Fortis Bank (Netherland) N.V. and the Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Mandated Lead Arrangers, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto, and Fortis Bank (Netherland) N.V., as Agent (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2008) |
80
Exhibit Number |
Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
10.7 | Guaranty, dated as of March 28, 2008, between Bunge Limited, as Guarantor, and Fortis Bank (Netherland) N.V., as Agent (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2008) | ||
10.8 |
364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement, dated June 3, 2009, among Bunge Limited Finance Corp., as borrower, Citibank, N.A., as syndication agent, BNP Paribas, Calyon New York Branch and CoBank, ACB, as documentation agents, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and certain lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 3, 2009) |
||
10.9 |
Guaranty, dated as of June 3, 2009, between Bunge Limited and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 3, 2009) |
||
10.10 |
3-Year Revolving Credit Agreement, dated June 3, 2009, among Bunge Limited Finance Corp., as borrower, Citibank, N.A., as syndication agent, BNP Paribas, Calyon New York Branch and CoBank, ACB, as documentation agents, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and certain lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 3, 2009) |
||
10.11 |
Guaranty, dated as of June 3, 2009, between Bunge Limited and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the 3-Year Revolving Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on June 3, 2009) |
||
10.12 |
Faciltity Agreement, dated November 24, 2009, among Bunge Finance Europe B.V., as Borrower, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties thereto, as Lenders, Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V., as facility agent (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on November 30, 2009) |
||
10.13 |
Guaranty, dated as of November 24, 2009, between Bunge Limited, as Guarantor, and Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V., as facility agent (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on November 30, 2009) |
||
10.14 |
Employment Agreement (Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2008) between Bunge Limited and Alberto Weisser (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.15 |
Employment Agreement between João Fernando Kfouri and Bunge Limited (Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2008) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.16 |
Offer Letter, dated as of February 1, 2008, for Vicente Teixeira (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed May 12, 2008) |
||
10.17 |
Bunge Limited Equity Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2008) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.18 |
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement (effective as of 2005) under the Bunge Limited Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 15, 2006) |
||
10.19 |
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (effective as of 2005) under the Bunge Limited Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K filed July 8, 2005) |
81
Exhibit Number |
Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
10.20 | Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit-Target EPS Award Agreement (effective as of 2005) under the Bunge Limited Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 15, 2006) | ||
10.21 |
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit-Target operating Profit Award Agreement (effective as of 2005) under the Bunge Limited Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 15, 2006) |
||
10.22 |
Bunge Limited Non-Employee Directors' Equity Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of February 25, 2005) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 16, 2005) |
||
10.23 |
Bunge Limited 2007 Non-Employee Directors' Equity Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2008) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.24 |
Form of Deferred Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (effective as of 2007) under the Bunge Limited 2007 Non-Employee Directors' Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 3, 2008) |
||
10.25* |
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Bunge Limited 2007 Non-Employee's Equity Incentive Plan |
||
10.26 |
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement (effective as of 2005) under the Bunge Limited Non-Employee Directors' Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 15, 2006) |
||
10.27 |
Bunge Limited Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2008) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.28 |
Bunge Excess Benefit Plan (Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.29 |
Bunge Excess Contribution Plan (Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.30 |
Bunge U.S. SERP (Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.31 |
Bunge Limited Employee Deferred Compensation Plan (effective January 1, 2008) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.32 |
Bunge Limited Annual Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2008) (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
||
10.33 |
Offer Letter, dated as of June 21, 2007 for Jacqualyn A. Fouse (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2007) |
||
10.34 |
Consulting Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2008, between Bunge Limited and Flávio Sá Carvalho, LLC (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed May 12, 2008) |
||
10.35 |
Offer Letter, amended and restated as of December 31, 2008, for Archibald Gwathmey (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) |
82
Exhibit Number |
Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
10.36 | Offer Letter, amended and restated as of December 31, 2008, for Andrew J. Burke (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-K filed March 2, 2009) | ||
10.37 |
Consulting Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2009, between Bunge Limited and Joao Fernando Kfouri (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 8-K/A filed on June 26, 2009) |
||
10.38 |
Bunge Limited 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement filed April 3, 2009) |
||
10.39 |
Description of Non-Employee Directors' Compensation as of May 8, 2009 (incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed on May 11, 2009) |
||
12.1* |
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
||
21.1* |
Subsidiaries of the Registrant |
||
23.1* |
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP |
||
31.1* |
Certification of Bunge Limited's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act |
||
31.2* |
Certification of Bunge Limited's Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act |
||
32.1* |
Certification of Bunge Limited's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act |
||
32.2* |
Certification of Bunge Limited's Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act |
||
101** |
The following financial information from Bunge Limited's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as block text and (vi) Schedule IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts. |
83
BUNGE LIMITED
Schedule IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts
(US$ in millions)
|
|
Additions | |
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description
|
Balance at beginning of period |
Charged to costs and expenses |
Charged to other accounts(b) |
Deductions from reserves |
Balance at end of period |
|||||||||||
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
||||||||||||||||
Allowances for doubtful accounts (a) |
$ | 224 | 42 | 36 | (17 | ) (c) | $ | 285 | ||||||||
Allowance for secured advances to suppliers |
$ | 40 | 4 | 8 | | $ | 52 | |||||||||
Allowances for recoverable taxes |
$ | 42 | 81 | 12 | | $ | 135 | |||||||||
Income tax valuation allowance |
$ | 40 | (3 | ) | 3 | (7 | ) (e) | $ | 33 | |||||||
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 |
||||||||||||||||
Allowances for doubtful accounts (a) |
$ | 285 | 95 | (46 | ) | (43 | ) (c) | $ | 291 | |||||||
Allowance for secured advances to suppliers |
$ | 52 | 33 | (14 | ) | (34 | ) (c) | $ | 37 | |||||||
Allowances for recoverable taxes |
$ | 135 | 20 | (37 | ) | (14 | ) | $ | 104 | |||||||
Income tax valuation allowance |
$ | 33 | 47 | 14 | (d) | | $ | 94 | ||||||||
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009 |
||||||||||||||||
Allowances for doubtful accounts (a) |
$ | 291 | 75 | 84 | (100 | ) (c) | $ | 350 | ||||||||
Allowance for secured advances to suppliers |
$ | 37 | 21 | 17 | | $ | 75 | |||||||||
Allowances for recoverable taxes |
$ | 104 | 34 | 31 | (5 | ) | $ | 164 | ||||||||
Income tax valuation allowance |
$ | 94 | 50 | 5 | (33 | ) | $ | 116 |
E-1
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Bunge Limited
White Plains, New York
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bunge Limited and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Bunge Limited and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on the criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP New York, New York March 1, 2010 |
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Bunge Limited
White Plains, New York
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Bunge Limited and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on the criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
F-3
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009 of the Company and our report dated March 1, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP New York, New York March 1, 2010 |
F-4
BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share data)
|
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Net sales |
$ | 41,926 | $ | 52,574 | $ | 37,842 | ||||
Cost of goods sold (Note 8) |
(40,722 | ) | (48,538 | ) | (35,327 | ) | ||||
Gross profit |
1,204 |
4,036 |
2,515 |
|||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
(1,342 | ) | (1,613 | ) | (1,359 | ) | ||||
Interest income |
122 | 214 | 166 | |||||||
Interest expense |
(283 | ) | (361 | ) | (353 | ) | ||||
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |
469 | (749 | ) | 217 | ||||||
Other income (expenses)net |
(25 | ) | 10 | 15 | ||||||
Income from operations before income tax |
145 |
1,537 |
1,201 |
|||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
110 | (245 | ) | (310 | ) | |||||
Income from operations after income tax |
255 |
1,292 |
891 |
|||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliates |
80 | 34 | 33 | |||||||
Net income |
335 |
1,326 |
924 |
|||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest |
26 | (262 | ) | (146 | ) | |||||
Net income attributable to Bunge |
361 |
1,064 |
778 |
|||||||
Convertible preference share dividends |
(78 | ) | (78 | ) | (40 | ) | ||||
Net income available to Bunge common shareholders |
$ |
283 |
$ |
986 |
$ |
738 |
||||
Earnings per common sharebasic (Note 22) |
||||||||||
Earnings to Bunge common shareholders |
$ | 2.24 | $ | 8.11 | $ | 6.11 | ||||
Earnings per common sharediluted (Note 22) |
||||||||||
Earnings to Bunge common shareholders |
$ | 2.22 | $ | 7.73 | $ | 5.95 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(U.S. dollars in millions, except share data)
|
December 31, | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 553 | $ | 1,004 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable (less allowance of $192 and $164) (Note 16) |
2,363 | 2,350 | ||||||
Inventories (Note 3) |
4,862 | 5,653 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes (Note 12) |
506 | 268 | ||||||
Other current assets (Note 4) |
3,499 | 3,901 | ||||||
Total current assets |
11,783 | 13,176 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 5) |
5,347 | 3,969 | ||||||
Goodwill (Note 6) |
427 | 325 | ||||||
Other intangible assets, net (Note 7) |
170 | 107 | ||||||
Investments in affiliates (Note 9) |
622 | 761 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes (Note 12) |
979 | 864 | ||||||
Other non-current assets |
1,958 | 1,028 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 21,286 | $ | 20,230 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Short-term debt (Note 14) |
$ | 166 | $ | 473 | ||||
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 15) |
31 | 78 | ||||||
Trade accounts payable |
3,275 | 4,158 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes (Note 12) |
100 | 104 | ||||||
Other current liabilities (Note 10) |
2,635 | 3,261 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
6,207 | 8,074 | ||||||
Long-term debt (Note 15) |
3,618 | 3,032 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes (Note 12) |
183 | 132 | ||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
913 | 864 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 20) |
||||||||
Shareholders' equity (Note 21): |
||||||||
Mandatory convertible preference shares, par value $.01; authorized, issued and outstanding: 2009 and 2008862,455 (liquidation preference $1,000 per share) |
863 | 863 | ||||||
Convertible perpetual preference shares, par value $.01; authorized, issued and outstanding: 2009 and 20086,900,000 (liquidation preference $100 per share) |
690 | 690 | ||||||
Common shares, par value $.01; authorized400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 2009134,096,906 shares, 2008121,632,456 shares |
1 | 1 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
3,625 | 2,849 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
3,996 | 3,844 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
319 | (811 | ) | |||||
Total Bunge shareholders' equity |
9,494 | 7,436 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
871 | 692 | ||||||
Total equity |
10,365 | 8,128 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |
$ | 21,286 | $ | 20,230 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
BUNGE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(U.S. dollars in millions)
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
|||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 335 | $ | 1,326 | $ | 924 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash (used for) provided by operating activities: |
|||||||||||||
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on debt |
(606 | ) | 472 | (285 |