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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 7, 2004

Registration No. 333-117584

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


Amendment No. 1 to
FORM F-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


BUHRMANN US INC.
(Exact name of co-registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)		   5190
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Number)		   06-1560597
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

SEE TABLE OF ADDITIONAL REGISTRANTS BELOW


Buhrmann NV
Hoogoorddreef 62, 1101 BE Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands, (011) 31-20-651 11 11
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of co-registrant's principal executive offices)


CT Corporation System
111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011, (212) 894 8400
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)


Copies to:
Alexander F. Cohen
Bryant Edwards
Latham & Watkins
99 Bishopsgate, London EC2M 3XF, United Kingdom, (011) 44 20 7710 1000


Approximate date of commencement of the proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

            If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

            If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.


            The co-registrants hereby amend this Registration Statement on the date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the co-registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on the date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


TABLE OF ADDITIONAL REGISTRANTS

Exact Name of Additional Registrant as Specified in its Charter(1)
   State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization
   IRS Employer Identification Number
Buhrmann N.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann Financieringen B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann Fined B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann II B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann International B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann Nederland B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Tetterode-Nederland B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Veenman B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V.   The Netherlands   Not applicable
Buhrmann Europcenter N.V.   Belgium   Not applicable
Buhrmann Luxembourg S.A.R.L.   Luxembourg   Not applicable
ASAP Software Express, Inc.   Illinois   36-3328437
BTOP USA Corp.   Delaware   36-4265153
BTOPI Holding (U.S.)   Delaware   36-4271823
Buhrmann Swaps, Inc.   Delaware   51-0394363
Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc.   Nebraska   47-0445942
Corporate Express Office Products, Inc.   Delaware   84-1248716
CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc.   Delaware   84-1492344
Corporate Express Promotional Marketing, Inc.   Missouri   43-1540873
Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc.   Delaware   84-1326952
Corporate Express of Texas, Inc.   Delaware   74-1926921
Corporate Express, Inc.   Colorado   84-0978360
License Technologies Group, Inc.   Delaware   36-4378040
Moore Labels, Inc.   Kansas   48-0852304
(1)
The address and telephone number for each of the additional registrants is Buhrmann Corporate Center, Hoogoorddreef 62, 1101 BE Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands, (011) 31-20-651 11 11.

Subject to Completion, dated September 7, 2004

PROSPECTUS

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities nor a solicitation or an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

GRAPHIC

BUHRMANN US INC.

Offer to Exchange

$150,000,000 principal amount of its 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014
which have been registered under the Securities Act
for any and all of its outstanding 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014

            Buhrmann US Inc. is offering to exchange all of its outstanding 81/4% senior subordinated notes due 2014, which we refer to as the old notes, for our registered 81/4% senior subordinated notes due 2014, which we refer to as the exchange notes, or the Notes. The terms of the exchange notes are identical to the terms of the old notes except that the exchange notes have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and, therefore, are freely transferable. We will pay interest on the Notes on July 1 and January 1, commencing January 1, 2005. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2014.

            We may redeem the Notes at any time on or before July 1, 2009, in whole or in part by paying a "make whole" premium. We may redeem the Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2009 by paying a specified premium. In addition, until July 1, 2007, we may redeem up to 35% of the Notes with the net proceeds of certain equity offerings. If we undergo a change of control or sell certain of our assets, we may be required to offer to purchase Notes from holders. The Notes will be unsecured and subordinated to all of Buhrmann US Inc.'s existing and future senior debt. The Notes will be guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by Buhrmann NV and substantially all of its existing and future U.S. subsidiaries and certain of its material non-U.S. subsidiaries.

            The principal features of the exchange offer are as follows:


            Investing in the exchange notes involves risks. Please see "Risk Factors," beginning on page 20 of this prospectus.

            Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved the Notes to be distributed in the exchange offer, nor have any of these organizations determined that this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is            , 2004.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
   Page
    
    
Prospectus Summary   1   Description of Certain Indebtedness   139

Risk Factors
 
20
 
Description of the Notes
 
141

Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
36
 
Registration Rights
 
187

Use of Proceeds
 
41
 
The Exchange Offer
 
187

Capitalization
 
42
 
Book-Entry, Delivery and Form
 
195

Selected Consolidated Financial Data
 
43
 
Plan of Distribution
 
197

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data
 
46
 
Material United Stated Federal Tax Considerations
 
198

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
51
 
Service of Process and Enforcement of Civil
Liabilities
 
203

Business
 
101
 
Legal Matters
 
204

Management
 
121
 
Experts
 
204

Principal Shareholders
 
135
 
Available Information
 
204

Related Party Transactions
 
137
 
Index to Financial Statements
 
F-1

            Each broker-dealer that receives the exchange notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. The letter of transmittal delivered with this prospectus states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of exchange notes received in exchange for old notes where such old notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, for a period of not less than 180 days following the effective date of the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, we will make this prospectus available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resale. See "Plan of Distribution."

            We have not authorized any dealer, salesman or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus as if we had authorized it. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which it relates, nor does this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.


PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

            In this prospectus, we refer to Buhrmann US Inc., the issuer of the Notes, as the "Issuer." Use in this prospectus of the terms "we," "us," "our," the "Buhrmann Group," the "Group," "Buhrmann" and the "Company" refer to Buhrmann NV and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis except where otherwise specified or clear from the context.

            The following summary contains basic information about Buhrmann, the Issuer and the exchange offer. It likely does not contain all of the information that is important to you. For a more complete understanding of us and this exchange offer, we encourage you to read this entire prospectus carefully, including the "Risk Factors" section and our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.


Our Company

            Buhrmann is an international business-to-business services and distribution group, supplying office products and graphic systems and related services for the business market. A combination of modern Internet technology and advanced logistic processes allows Buhrmann to distribute its products in an efficient way. Internet sales account for a growing proportion of our total sales.

            The Issuer, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Buhrmann NV, is a holding company of certain North American subsidiaries of the Group. In addition, it operates primarily as a financing subsidiary for the Group on a global level. It does not conduct any ordinary business operations.

            We believe we are a market leader based on revenue, in the business-to-business market for office products in North America and Australia. We operate in these markets under the name Corporate Express. In Europe, we believe that Corporate Express is one of the market leaders, based on revenue. Furthermore, we believe that we are one of the largest independent distributors of graphic systems in Europe, based on revenue.

            Buhrmann generated sales in 2003 of €5.8 billion, excluding the divested Paper Merchanting Division. At the end of 2003, Buhrmann had approximately 18,000 employees in 18 countries after the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division.

            Buhrmann believes that it is one of the world leaders in the sale, distribution and service of office and computer products to the business market, based on revenue. Products of this type are ideally suited for Internet selling. The vast majority of our customers have Internet access. Orders can be placed more easily, efficiently and accurately via the Internet than using traditional methods such as telephone or fax where there is a greater risk of incorrect data input. The costs are also lower as the process circumvents a number of administrative tasks. Customers place e-commerce orders by accessing a web site. Buhrmann arranges next-day on-site delivery. Due to the geographical spread of its activities, Buhrmann is able to offer a high level of service to companies operating on a worldwide basis.

            Buhrmann's graphic systems business is active in six European countries, supplying graphic machines, materials and related services to the graphic industry. Buhrmann is an agent for Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG (Heidelberg). In addition to the well-known Heidelberg presses, Buhrmann sells pre-press systems, cutting, folding and binding equipment and also supplies consumables, such as ink and spare parts.

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Our Strengths

            We believe that we have a number of key strengths that differentiate us from our competitors:

            Based on our market knowledge, we believe we continue to be a leader in the U.S. business-to-business office product market. We believe we are the number two supplier of office products in Canada and the number one business-to-business supplier of office products in the fast-growing Australian market. Furthermore, we believe we have leading market shares in Germany, Benelux, Ireland and Italy. Our market leadership translates into a high level of service and delivery capabilities, cost competitiveness and improved profitability, mostly driven by advantageous pricing on supply purchases and a low-cost infrastructure system. Over the past three years we have demonstrated our ability to maintain our market leadership globally amid a challenging trading environment.

            We are focused on operating a leading global business-to-business office products supply business in the world's developed economies. Both our organic growth and add-on acquisitions have served to develop our operations into a global office products solutions provider, without any manufacturing or retail activities. Our closest competitors, both in Europe and North America, such as Boise Solutions and Office Depot are not pure business-to-business competitors but also derive a significant portion of their sales from other activities such as retail and direct mail. In addition, none of our competitors have the same geographic spread. We believe our business model allows effective client service with a lower investment level than that required by retailers. We offer our customers next-day delivery and high service quality through our broad distribution network.

            We have a broad product line in our core Office Products business, comprising office products, computer and imaging supplies (including copiers, fax machines and printers), furniture, promotional marketing products, forms management services and, increasingly in 2002 and 2003, facility, break room and safety supplies. The catalogues for our Office Products North America and Office Products Europe Divisions provide a comprehensive selection of about 13,000 and 5,000 stock keeping units (SKUs), respectively, in their core categories of office and computer supplies. We offer brands such as 3M, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard, as well as our own private-label brands, such as "Corporate Express." We also have access, through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and other ordering systems, to thousands of additional SKUs of office supplies, computer supplies and catalogue furniture. We believe that this broad product range provides our customers with a one-stop shopping solution for their office products needs.

            We have developed an extensive and advanced logistics infrastructure in our core Office Products business segment. Our North American and European Office Products Divisions receive orders through EDI, as well as by traditional telephone, fax and computer-based ordering tools. We distribute our products from several distribution centers, including our new distribution centers in New Jersey, Maryland and the Netherlands. We believe that our extensive logistics infrastructure and our large geographic spread allows us to achieve first-time fill rates of approximately 99% and 95% in North America and Europe, respectively, and to service our large-account customers on a global basis.

2

            Our investments in eCommerce and internal systems have yielded operational efficiencies benefiting our customers and we believe have helped differentiate ourselves from our competitors. Our eCommerce platforms in North America, Europe and Australia provide customers with sophisticated business-to-business capabilities that improve the customers' overall ability to fulfil and track orders as well as to reduce their supply chain expenses.

            Our business has been strongly cash generative as a result of our continued focus on operational efficiency and cost control, together with our focused working capital and capital expenditure management. Through cash generation and the sale of assets, from January 1, 2002 to March 31, 2004, we reduced net debt by €1.1 billion. Efficient cost control measures implemented in our business through continued streamlining of our operations and focus on profitability on a customer by customer basis have enabled us to maintain stable margins over the last three years in spite of the challenging market environment. From the four quarters ended September 30, 2001 to the four quarters ended March 31, 2004, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division which we sold with effect from October 31, 2003, we reduced our working capital from 12.7% to 10.1% of sales. We have also reduced capital expenditure significantly from €106 million in 2001, excluding the divested Paper Merchanting Division, to €68 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2004.

            We have an experienced management team with a strong track record of successfully integrating businesses in the office products industry. The experience and depth of our management team has been a key factor in our developing and maintaining leadership positions in the markets in which we participate. The management team has also been successful in integrating acquisitions and carrying out divestments over the past years.


Our Strategy

            We continue to focus on growth in our existing businesses through the consolidation of our leadership in the large account segment, the penetration of the mid-market segment, the introduction of our private label product ranges and the extension of our product range across all our geographic markets. We may support the growth in our existing businesses with selective acquisitions. Over the past five years we have demonstrated the flexible and efficient nature of our business model through the successful integration of three significant acquisitions (namely Corporate Express, the office products businesses of US Office Products Company (USOP) and the office products division of Samas Groep NV (Samas)) as well as a number of smaller acquisitions. Following up on these successful experiences, Buhrmann intends to pursue this balanced strategy.

            Buhrmann intends to increase sales through continued emphasis on service quality across all of its business segments. Buhrmann believes that, in its Office Products business segment, service quality (for example fill rates, lead time, delivery reliability and a high degree of customization of ordering processes through adaptive information technology solutions) and the ability to provide a breadth of product offerings in a large number of markets are the key criteria that its customers consider when selecting preferred suppliers. Buhrmann believes that it will further strengthen its position as a preferred supplier to corporations in America, Europe and Australia, and to governments and semi- governmental entities in these regions, as these entities increasingly demand single-source suppliers for

3

their global office product needs. Furthermore, Buhrmann is also stepping up efforts to reach out to small- and medium-sized office supplies customers who can benefit from a total supply solution. Buhrmann can help these customers fulfil their sourcing needs in addition to lowering their overall supply chain costs.

            In our core Office Products business aimed at strategic and large accounts, we will continue to consolidate our prominent market positions, while increasing our global contract business through which we provide office products sourcing coverage for global customers who operate in our North American, European and Australian and New Zealand markets.

            By further leveraging its distribution network through product range extensions including print (forms), promotional items, facility, break room and safety supplies, Buhrmann has expanded its product lines. We will continue to focus on broadening our product line in order to further increase growth in our existing business.

            We believe that in our major geographical markets the strategic and large-accounts market segment represents approximately 80% of our total sales. Small- and medium-sized companies account for the remainder of our total office product sales. We seek to increase sales to small- and medium-sized companies with a goal of increasing our overall customer base across different market segments and utilise more fully the capacity of our distribution infrastructure.

            Buhrmann has also successfully introduced private brand product ranges, of which the "Corporate Express" brand name is the most important. The extension of the private brand range has positively impacted gross margins and operational profitability and it represents a profit growth opportunity which Buhrmann will continue to exploit.

            Buhrmann has identified opportunities to improve the operating margins in each of its business segments. In the Office Products Divisions, Buhrmann will try to improve operating margins by (i) engaging in targeted marketing programs to increase sales of value-added products that carry higher margins, (ii) eliminating unprofitable product lines and (iii) centralizing or regionalizing certain administrative and operational functions. In the Graphic Systems Division, Buhrmann will continue to develop its services, supplies and spare parts (which we call the 3 S's) in order to reduce the effects of the cyclicality of equipment sales on the operating margin of this Division.


Risks Associated With Our Strategy

            You should also consider the risks we face that could limit our ability to implement our business strategies, including:

4

            In addition, while we may implement individual elements of our strategies, the benefits derived from such implementation may be mitigated in part, or in whole, if we suffer from one or more of the risks described in this Prospectus. As a result of these or other risks, we may decide to alter or discontinue aspects of our strategy and may adopt alternative or additional strategies. Any failure to successfully implement our strategies could adversely affect our business, results of operation or financial condition. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."

5


The Refinancing

            The old notes were offered as part of a refinancing of our Company designed to extend the maturity profile of our outstanding indebtedness and to reduce our cost of capital.

            On June 3, 2004, the Issuer commenced a tender offer with respect to all of its outstanding $350 million 121/4% senior subordinated notes due 2009 (2009 Notes). Pursuant to the terms of the tender offer, the Issuer offered to acquire all of the 2009 Notes based on a price of approximately $1,095.60 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2009 Notes for 2009 Notes tendered on or prior to the early consent payment deadline on June 16, 2004. The total consideration included a consent payment equal to $10 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2009 Notes purchased, plus payment of accrued interest to but excluding the settlement date of the tender offer. The tender offer closed on June 30, 2004, and as of that date, approximately 87% of the outstanding 2009 Notes had been tendered. We may defease, redeem or purchase in the open market any 2009 Notes which remain outstanding upon completion of the tender offer. The settlement date for the tender offer was July 1, 2004.

            In conjunction with the tender offer, the Issuer commenced a consent solicitation to amend the indenture governing the 2009 Notes to remove substantially all of the restrictive covenants and events of default (other than with respect to payment of principal and interest). The amendment to the indenture was approved, as of June 30, 2004 by holders of approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes. The amendment became operative upon our payment of the total consideration on the tender offer settlement date.

            The tender offer was funded with net proceeds of the offering of the old notes, additional borrowings under our new senior credit facility funded on December 31, 2003 (Senior Credit Facility) and cash on hand.

            The following table sets forth the sources and uses of funds in connection with our refinancing plan, as of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer, at which date approximately 87% of outstanding 2009 Notes had been tendered.

Sources
   Amount
   Uses
   Amount
 
   (in millions)

    
   (in millions)
Cash   $ 69   Tender offer for the 2009 Notes(1)   $ 304
Senior Credit Facility     125   Tender premium(2)     29
Senior Subordinated Notes(3)     149   Estimated fees and expenses     10
   
     
Total sources   $ 343   Total uses   $ 343
   
     
(1)
Excludes accrued interest to but excluding the settlement date of the tender offer of approximately $6 million.

(2)
Based on a price of approximately $1,095.60 per $1,000 principal amount of 2009 Notes. As of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer, approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes had been tendered.

(3)
Reflects the aggregate principal amount of $150 million of 81/4% senior subordinated notes due 2014 at an offering price of 99.164% of the aggregate principal amount.

            You should read "Use of Proceeds," "Capitalization" and "Description of Certain Indebtedness" for a more detailed description of the expected use of proceeds, our adjusted capitalization and the Senior Credit Facility, respectively.

6


Our Corporate Structure

            The diagram below depicts, in simplified form, our corporate and financing structure following completion of the offering of the old notes and the related transactions. The diagram does not show all of the guarantors of the Notes offered hereby or all of our non-guarantor affiliates and subsidiaries. Please refer to "Principal Shareholders," "Description of Certain Indebtedness," and "Description of the Notes," for more information.

GRAPHIC

(1)
For a complete list of the guarantors of the Notes see "Description of the Notes—Certain Definitions—Guarantors."

(2)
As part of the Senior Credit Facility, we have a €255 million committed revolving credit facility, of which, at June 30, 2004, approximately €150 million was available for borrowing, subject to customary borrowing conditions. Availability is reduced by outstanding letters of credit in an aggregate amount of €105 million, at June 30, 2004. We may have additional borrowings of approximately €65 million available to us under the uncommitted revolving credit facility and approximately $247 million available to us under the uncommitted term loan facility of the Senior Credit Facility.

(3)
As of the completion of the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions, the term loan borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility are comprised of a Term Loan A and a Term Loan C, with borrowings thereunder being denominated in a combination of euro and U.S. dollars. For a detailed description of the Senior Credit Facility, see "Description of Certain Indebtedness—The Senior Credit Facility."

(4)
As of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer, approximately 13% of 2009 Notes (or $46 million) had not been tendered which are obligations of the Issuer and are guaranteed by the Guarantors. We may defease, redeem or purchase in the open market any outstanding 2009 Notes.

(5)
Our operating companies sell their accounts receivable to Buhrmann Silver SA and Buhrmann Silver US LLC. For a detailed description of our receivables securitization, see "Description of Certain Indebtedness—Accounts Receivable Securitization Program."

7


The Offering of the Old Notes

            On July 1, 2004, Buhrmann US Inc. completed an offering of $150 million in aggregate principal amount of 81/4% senior subordinated notes due 2014, which was exempt from registration under the Securities Act.

Old Notes   Buhrmann US Inc., sold the old notes to Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., BNP Paribas Securities Corp. and ING Bank N.V., the initial purchasers, on July 1, 2004. The initial purchasers subsequently resold the old notes to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to non-U.S. persons outside the United States in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act.

Registration Rights Agreement
 
In connection with the sale of the old notes, we, Buhrmann N.V. and the subsidiary guarantors, which together we refer to as the guarantors, entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers. Under the terms of that agreement, we agreed to:

 
 
•
 
file a registration statement for the exchange offer and the exchange notes within 120 days after the date on which the old notes were purchased by the initial purchasers;

 
 
•
 
use our reasonable best efforts to cause the exchange offer registration statement to become effective under the Securities Act within 180 days after the date on which the old notes were purchased by the initial purchasers; and

 
 
•
 
file a shelf registration statement for the resales of the old notes or the exchange notes, as the case may be, under certain circumstances and use our reasonable best efforts to cause such shelf registration statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act.

 
 
If we and the guarantors fail to meet any of these requirements, it will constitute a default under the registration rights agreement and we and the guarantors must pay additional interest on the Notes of up to 0.50% per annum for the first 90-day period after any such default. This interest rate will increase by an additional 0.50% per annum with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all such defaults have been cured, up to a maximum additional interest rate of 1.0% per annum. The exchange offer is being made pursuant to the registration rights agreement and is intended to satisfy the rights granted under the registration rights agreement, which rights terminate upon completion of the exchange offer.

8


Summary of the Exchange Offer

            The summary below describes the principal terms of the exchange offer. Certain of the terms and conditions described below are subject to important limitations and exceptions. The section of this prospectus entitled "The Exchange Offer" contains a more detailed description of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer.

Exchange Offer   $1,000 principal amount of exchange notes will be issued in exchange for each $1,000 principal amount of old notes validly tendered.

Resale
 
Based upon interpretations by the staff of the SEC set forth in no-action letters issued to unrelated third parties, we believe that the exchange notes may be offered for resale, resold or otherwise transferred to you without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, unless you:

 
 
•
 
are an "affiliate" of ours within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933;

 
 
•
 
are a broker-dealer who purchased the old notes directly from us for resale under Rule 144A or any other available exemption under the Securities Act of 1933;

 
 
•
 
acquired the exchange notes other than in the ordinary course of your business; or

 
 
•
 
have an arrangement with any person to engage in the distribution of exchange notes.

 
 
However, we have not submitted a no-action letter and there can be no assurance that the SEC will make a similar determination with respect to the exchange offer. Furthermore, in order to participate in the exchange offer, you must make the representations set forth in the letter of transmittal that we are sending you with this prospectus.

Expiration Date
 
The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on                  , 2004, which we refer to as the expiration date, unless we, in our sole discretion, extend it.

Conditions to the Exchange Offer
 
The exchange offer is subject to several customary conditions, some of which may be waived by us. See "The Exchange Offer—Conditions to the Exchange Offer."

Procedures for Tendering Old Notes
 
If you wish to accept the exchange offer, you must complete, sign and date the letter of transmittal, in accordance with the instructions contained in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal, and mail or otherwise deliver the letter of transmittal, or the copy, together with the old notes and any other required documentation, to the exchange agent at the address set forth in this prospectus and it the letter of transmittal.
         

9


 
 
We will accept for exchange any and all old notes that are properly tendered in the exchange offer prior to the expiration date. The exchange notes issued in the exchange offer will be delivered promptly following the expiration date. See "The Exchange Offer—Terms of the Exchange Offer."

Special Procedures for Beneficial Owners
 
If you are the beneficial owner of old notes registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and wish to tender in the exchange offer, you should contact the person in whose name your old notes are registered and promptly instruct the person to tender on your behalf.

Guaranteed Delivery Procedures
 
If you wish to tender your old notes and time will not permit your required documents to reach the exchange agent by the expiration date, or the procedure for book-entry transfer cannot be completed on time, you may tender your old notes according to the guaranteed delivery procedures. For additional information, you should read the discussion under "The Exchange Offer—Guaranteed Delivery Procedures."

Withdrawal Rights
 
The tender of the old notes pursuant to the exchange offer may be withdrawn at any time prior to        p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date.

Acceptance of Old Notes and Delivery of Exchange Notes
 
Subject to customary conditions, we will accept old notes which are properly tendered in the exchange offer and not withdrawn prior to the exchange date. The exchange notes will be delivered promptly following the expiration date.

Effect of Not Tendering
 
Any old notes that are not tendered or that are tendered but not accepted will remain subject to the restrictions on transfer. Since the old notes have not been registered under the federal securities laws, they bear a legend restricting their transfer absent registration or the availability of a specific exemption from registration. Upon the completion of the exchange offer, we will have no further obligations, except under limited circumstances, to provide for registration of the old notes under the U.S. federal securities laws. See "The Exchange Offer—Effect of Not Tendering."

Interest on the Exchange Notes and the Old Notes
 
The exchange notes will bear interest from the most recent interest payment date to which interest has been paid on the notes, or, if no interest has been paid, from July 1, 2004. Interest on the old notes accepted for exchange will cease to accrue upon the issuance of the exchange notes.
         

10


Material United Stated Federal Tax Considerations
 
The exchange of the old notes for otherwise identical debt securities registered under the Securities Act pursuant to the exchange offer should not constitute a taxable exchange, and such holders should not recognize any taxable gain or loss or any interest income for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the exchange. See "Material United Stated Federal Tax Considerations."

Use of Proceeds
 
We will not receive any proceeds from the issuance of exchange notes pursuant to the exchange offer.

Exchange Agent
 
The Bank of New York, the trustee under the indenture, is serving as exchange agent in connection with the exchange offer.

11


 Summary of the Exchange Notes

            The following is a brief summary of the terms of the exchange notes. The financial forms and convenants of the exchange notes are the same as the old notes. For a more complete description of the terms of the exchange notes, see "Description of the Notes".

Issuer   Buhrmann US Inc.

Securities Offered
 
$150,000,000 principal amount of 81/4% senior subordinated notes due 2014.

Maturity
 
July 1, 2014.

Interest Rate
 
81/4% per year (calculated using a 360-day year).

Interest Payment Dates
 
July 1 and January 1, beginning on January 1, 2005. Interest will accrue from the issue date of the Notes.

Ranking
 
The Notes will be unsecured senior subordinated obligations of the Issuer and will rank junior to its existing and future senior debt. The guarantees by each Guarantor will be subordinated to its existing and future senior debt. As of March 31, 2004 pro forma for the completion of the offering of the old notes and related transactions, the Issuer would have had €724 million of senior debt. In addition, the Issuer has:

 
 
•
 
approximately €150 million of additional borrowings under the committed revolving credit facility portion of the Senior Credit Facility;

 
 
•
 
approximately €65 million of additional borrowings under the uncommitted revolving credit facility portion of the Senior Credit Facility; and

 
 
•
 
approximately $247 million of additional borrowings under the uncommitted term loan facility portion of the Senior Credit Facility.

Guarantees
 
Buhrmann NV, and substantially all of Buhrmann NV's existing and future U.S. subsidiaries and certain of its material non-U.S. subsidiaries, will unconditionally guarantee the Notes on a senior subordinated basis. If we create or acquire a new subsidiary and that subsidiary becomes an obligor under the Senior Credit Facility, it will guarantee the Notes unless we designate the subsidiary as an "unrestricted subsidiary" under the indenture or the subsidiary does not have significant assets.

Optional Redemption
 
Until July 1, 2009, the Issuer may redeem all or a part of the Notes by paying a "make whole" premium. Thereafter the Issuer may redeem some or all of the Notes at the redemption prices listed in the "Description of the Notes" section under the heading "Optional Redemption," plus accrued interest.

 
 
At any time (which may be more than once) before the third anniversary of the issue date of the Notes, the Issuer can choose to redeem up to 35% of the outstanding Notes with money that we raise in one or more equity offerings, as long as:
         

12


 
 
•
 
it pays 108.25% of the face amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any;

 
 
•
 
it redeems the Notes within 60 days of completing the equity offering; and

 
 
•
 
at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes issued remains outstanding afterwards.

 
 
The Issuer may also redeem the Notes in whole, but not in part, at any time, upon giving proper notice, if changes in tax laws impose certain withholding taxes on amounts payable on the Notes. If the Issuer decides to do this, it must pay you a price equal to the principal amount of the Notes, plus interest and certain other amounts. See "Description of the Notes—Redemption of Notes for Changes in Withholding Taxes."

Change of Control Offer
 
If a change of control occurs, the Issuer must give holders of the Notes the opportunity to sell it their Notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued interest.

 
 
The Issuer might not be able to pay you the required price for Notes you present to it at the time of a change of control, because:

 
 
•
 
it might not have enough funds at that time; or

 
 
•
 
the terms of its senior debt may prevent it from paying.

Asset Sale Proceeds
 
Upon the consummation of an asset sale, we generally must invest the net cash proceeds from such sales in our business within a period of time, prepay senior debt or make an offer to purchase a principal amount of the Notes with the excess net cash proceeds. The purchase price of the Notes will be 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued interest.

Certain Indenture Provisions
 
The indenture governing the Notes will contain covenants limiting our (and most or all of our subsidiaries') ability to:

 
 
•
 
incur additional debt;

 
 
•
 
pay dividends or distributions on our common shares or repurchase our common shares;

 
 
•
 
pay dividends or distributions on our preference shares or repurchase our preference shares;

 
 
•
 
issue stock of subsidiaries;

 
 
•
 
make certain investments;

 
 
•
 
create liens on our assets to secure debt;

 
 
•
 
enter into transactions with affiliates;

 
 
•
 
merge or consolidate with another company; and

 
 
•
 
transfer and sell assets.

13

    These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions.

Risk Factors
 
Investing in the Notes involves substantial risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 20 of this prospectus for a description of certain of the risks you should consider before investing in the Notes.

            Our principal executive offices are located at Hoogoorddreef 62, 1101 BE Amsterdam ZO, the Netherlands, and our telephone number is +31-20-651-1111, and our website is www.buhrmann.com. Information included on our website does not form part of this prospectus.

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Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data

            The following tables present selected financial data for Buhrmann as of and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2004. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected financial data set forth below is presented in accordance with Dutch GAAP and, where specified, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For a discussion of the material differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as applicable to Buhrmann, please see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Additionally, please see "Business" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Major Events" and "—Acquisitions and Divestments" for a description of major events and significant acquisitions or divestments that may affect the comparability of the results of operations presented below.

            We note that under Dutch GAAP, as from January 1, 2002 the results from discontinued operations are included in operating results until the date the operations are actually sold (prior to 2002 such results were included until the moment the divestment decision was made) whereas under U.S. GAAP, the results from discontinued operations are presented separately from continuing operations. Accordingly, under U.S. GAAP the consolidated statements of income for previous years are restated for discontinuance of an operation. The Paper Merchanting Division (which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003) qualifies as a discontinued operation.

15

 
   Year ended December 31,
   Three months
ended March 31,
  
 
   2001
   2002
   2003
   2003(1)
   2003
   2004
  
 
   (in millions)

   (in millions)

  
 
   (audited)

   (unaudited)

  
Statement of Income Data:                                      
Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP                                      
  Net sales   € 10,408   € 9,948   € 8,053   $ 10,170   € 2,154   € 1,348  
  Added value     2,396     2,253     1,854     2,341     502     367  
  Impairment of goodwill     —     (573 )   (53 )   (67 )   —     —  
  Operating result     341     (301 )   171     216     94     40  
 
Result from operations before taxes
 
 
131
 
 
(500
)
 
(86
)
 
(109
)
 
47
 
 
20
 
  Total taxes     (24 )   (18 )   68     86     33     (2 )
  Total results from participations and other financial results     (3 )   16     (102 )   (129 )   0     0  
  Total minority interests     (9 )   (12 )   (12 )   (15 )   (2 )   (3 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net result from operations     95     (514 )   (132 )   (167 )   78     15  
  Extraordinary result (after tax)     (40 )   (74 )   —     —     0     0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net result   € 55   € (588 ) € (132 ) $ (167 ) € 78   € 15  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net sales(2)   € 7,310   € 6,967   € 5,840   $ 7,376              
  Operating result(2)     116     (718 )   182     230              
  Result from continuing operations(2)     13     (849 )   (59 )   (75 )            
  Discontinued operations(2)     22     (92 )   (249 )   (314 )            
 
Net result before cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(2)
 
 
35
 
 
(941
)
 
(308
)
 
(389
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles (after tax)(2)     —     —     (29 )   (37 )            
   
 
 
 
             
  Net result(2)   € 35   € (941 ) € (337 ) $ (426 )            
   
 
 
 
             

Balance Sheet Data (at period end):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP                                      
  Working capital   € 1,231   € 1,103   € 456   $ 596   € 1,097   € 535  
  Total assets     7,117     5,409     3,677     4,644     5,150     3,644  
  Long-term debt     2,059     1,678     949     1,199     1,620     970  
  Group equity     2,671     1,811     1,484     1,874     1,853     1,550  

Amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total assets(2)     €7,701     €5,607     €3,791   $ 4,788              
  Long-term debt     2,059     1,678     949     1,199              
  Group equity(2)     3,157     1,910     1,504     1,899              

Other Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts derived from Dutch GAAP                                      
  EBITDA(3)   € 439   € (216 ) € 213   $ 270   € 133   € 68  
  Net financing costs     (210 )   (199 )   (161 )   (194 )   (47 )   (20 )
  Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software     (127 )   (107 )   (79 )   (99 )   (18 )   (15 )

Amounts derived from U.S. GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  EBITDA(3)   € 398   € (621 ) € 37   $ 46              
  Net financing costs     (200 )   (203 )   (262 )   (331 )            
  Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software     (127 )   (107 )   (79 )   (99 )            
(1)
Certain euro amounts have been translated into United States dollars at the Noon Buying Rate at December 31, 2003 of €0.7918 to the U.S. dollar.

(2)
Several U.S. GAAP adjustments have been made to operating result under Dutch GAAP to comply with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments have been made to recognize discontinuance of certain operations, goodwill on acquisitions that was

16

(3)
We define "EBITDA" as "net result before interest, taxes, depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization of goodwill." This is a non-GAAP financial measure for which the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is "net result." In the past we defined EBITDA as operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and amortization and impairment of goodwill. Accordingly, our presentation of EBITDA in past disclosure documents cannot be compared to our presentation of EBITDA in this prospectus.

Buhrmann evaluates its operating performance based on several factors, including its primary financial measure of EBITDA. Buhrmann believes EBITDA to be an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of its business, including the ability to generate cash and to repay long-term debt. For a discussion of the reasons we use EBITDA to evaluation our operating performance, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—EBITDA." For a discussion of the limitations of EBITDA, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

The reconciliation between the Dutch GAAP measure of "net result" and the non-GAAP financial measure "EBITDA" is as follows (based on Dutch GAAP):

 
   Year ended December 31,
   Three months ended March 31,
 
   2001
   2002
   2003
   2003(1)
   2003
   2004
 
   (in millions)
Net result   € 55   € (588 ) € (132 ) $ (167 ) € 78   € 15
Interest and other financing costs     210     199     257     325     47     20
Taxes     (2 )   (11 )   (68 )   (85 )   (33 )   2
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software     109     114     104     132     28     20
Amortization of goodwill     67     70     52     65     13     11
   
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA   € 439   € (216 ) € 213   $ 270   € 133   € 68
   
 
 
 
 
 
The
reconciliation between the U.S. GAAP measure of "net result" and the non-GAAP financial measure "EBITDA" is as follows (based on U.S. GAAP):

 
   Year ended December 31,
  
 
   2001
   2002
   2003
   2003(1)
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Net result   € 35   € (941 ) € (337 ) $ (426 )
Interest and other financing costs     200     203     262     331  
Taxes     (30 )   (4 )   1     2  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software     111     115     105     132  
Amortization of goodwill     82     6     6     7  
   
 
 
 
 
EBITDA   € 398   € (621 ) € 37   $ 46  
   
 
 
 
 

17


Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data

            The following summary pro forma condensed consolidated financial data is based on Buhrmann's consolidated financial statements and condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and the notes thereto. The pro forma financial data set forth below is presented in accordance with Dutch GAAP. For a discussion of the material differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as applicable to Buhrmann, please see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

            The pro forma financial information included below reflects adjustments to give effect to the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division (which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003) and the related repayment of a portion of our outstanding debt with the proceeds of the disposition; the refinancing of our old senior credit facility with the Senior Credit Facility and the issuance of the 2.0% guaranteed convertible subordinated bond due 2010 (Convertible Subordinated Bond) in December 2003; and the issuance and sale of the old notes, an increase in borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility through the issuance of a Term Loan C and repayment of the Term Loan B, and the repayment, in June 2004, of the 121/4% senior subordinated notes due 2009. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of income for the three-month period ended March 31, 2004 and the year ended December 31, 2003, give pro forma effect to, where applicable, the above transactions as if they had occurred as of January 1, 2003.

            The summary pro forma financial data is for informational purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results that would have been achieved had the transactions actually been consummated on the dates indicated and do not purport to be indicative of results of operations as of any future date or for any future period. The following data should be read in conjunction with "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Major Events" and "—Acquisitions and

18


Divestments," and our consolidated financial statements and condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
   Pro forma
Year ended
December 31, 2003(1)
   Pro forma
Three months ended
March 31, 2004(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except per share amounts)

  
Statement of Income Data:              
Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP              
  Net sales   € 5,787   € 1,348  
  Cost of sales     (4,292 )   (981 )
   
 
 
  Added value     1,495     367  
  Labor and other operating costs     (1,190 )   (296 )
  Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software     (87 )   (20 )
  Amortization of goodwill     (49 )   (11 )
  Impairment of goodwill     (53 )      
   
 
 
  Operating result     116     40  
  Total financing costs     (94 )   (16 )
  Result from operations before taxes     22     24  
  Total taxes     30     (4 )
  Total results from participations and other financial results     10     (3 )
  Total minority interests     (12 )      
   
 
 
  Net result   € 50   € 17  
   
 
 
  Net result per ordinary share, basic and fully diluted     €0.13     €0.05  
  Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(2)     0.97 x   1.50 x
(1)
The pro forma adjustments are described under "Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data."

(2)
The calculation of the ratio of earnings to fixed charges is set forth in an exhibit to the registration statement relating to this prospectus. Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2003 by €5 million on a pro forma basis.

19


RISK FACTORS

            Before making an investment decision with respect to the Notes, you should carefully consider the risks related to our business and the legal structures underlying this offering described below, in addition to the other information in this prospectus. These risks are not the only ones we face; additional risks of which we are presently not aware or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or our ability to make payment on the Notes.

Risks Relating to Our Business

            Buhrmann has material debt.

            Buhrmann has indebtedness that is material in relation to its shareholders' equity. A substantial portion of Buhrmann's cash flow from operations is dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on Buhrmann's debt. In particular, on a pro forma basis, assuming completion of the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions, as of March 31, 2004, we would have had total indebtedness of approximately €1,000 million. As a result, we are a highly leveraged company.

            Buhrmann's indebtedness could have important consequences, including that:

            Buhrmann's ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance its obligations with respect to its indebtedness will depend on Buhrmann's financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond its control. Buhrmann's operating performance, cash flow and capital resources may not be sufficient for payment of its debt in the future. If Buhrmann's cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund its debt service obligations, Buhrmann may be forced to reduce or delay scheduled expansion and capital expenditures, sell material assets or operations, obtain additional capital or restructure its debt. In the event that Buhrmann is required to dispose of material assets or operations or restructure its debt to meet its debt service and other obligations, the terms of any such transaction may not be as advantageous to Buhrmann as they otherwise might be.

            Buhrmann is restricted by the terms of its debt.

            The terms of such debt limit Buhrmann's flexibility in operating its business. In particular, these agreements limit Buhrmann's ability to, among other things, incur other debt, pay dividends, make investments and enter into certain corporate transactions. The Senior Credit Facility also requires Buhrmann to meet certain financial ratios and tests. Buhrmann may not be able to do so for reasons beyond its control. If Buhrmann fails to comply with the obligations in the Senior Credit Facility, there

20


could be an event of default under the Senior Credit Facility. This may cause Buhrmann to renegotiate the terms of the Senior Credit Facility which may lead to an increase of interest expenses and may further restrict Buhrmann's ability to operate its business, including making acquisitions and paying dividends. In addition, if an event of default occurs, the lender under the Senior Credit Facility could declare the debt under that agreement immediately due and payable, and seek to foreclose on Buhrmann's assets that secure the Senior Credit Facility. If there is a default under the Senior Credit Facility, Buhrmann may not have sufficient assets to repay the debt under that facility and other debt.

            In addition, other funding instruments such as the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, the Subordinated Convertible Bond, the Notes offered hereby and the Preference Shares C have certain restrictions attached. Failure to comply with the restrictions of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program or the Notes offered hereby could result in a default under those agreements.

            Buhrmann may not be able to manage its growth effectively.

            Challenges which may result from organic growth as well as growth through acquisitions include Buhrmann's ability to:

            Buhrmann cannot ensure that it will be able to adequately address these concerns. Buhrmann's failure to address these concerns could lead to a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

            Adverse developments in equity and bond markets may require Buhrmann to make additional contributions to its pension funds.

            Buhrmann has a number of defined benefit plans which are maintained in separate trusts (pension funds). Local law or specific arrangements with these pension funds require a minimum funding level of benefit obligations of these pension funds. The funding levels are calculated based on certain assumptions, including expected return on plan assets. Declining returns on equity and bond markets may require Buhrmann to make additional contributions to these pension funds in order to meet the minimum funding levels which may adversely affect Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            Buhrmann may be required to indemnify purchasers of the businesses that Buhrmann sold for pre-sale liabilities.

            Buhrmann has divested various subsidiaries and divisions, some of which were substantial. In connection with these divestments, Buhrmann has agreed to indemnify the purchasers against various potential liabilities, such as liabilities related to legal and regulatory proceedings, environmental liabilities and liabilities related to taxes. Buhrmann has established reserves for such potential liabilities that Buhrmann believes are adequate. However, Buhrmann cannot assure that these reserves will in fact be sufficient to cover these potential liabilities. The lack of adequate reserves could have a material adverse effect on Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            Buhrmann's exposure to exchange rate fluctuations may affect its reported results of operations and financial condition.

            A significant portion of Buhrmann's subsidiaries conduct their activities in currencies other than the euro which is Buhrmann's reporting currency. The position in relation to the U.S. dollar is in

21


particular relevant. Excluding the Paper Merchanting Division which was sold in the course of 2003, approximately two-thirds of Buhrmann's revenues and more than two-thirds of Buhrmann's operating results were generated in U.S. dollars. This results in foreign exchange translation exposure when results of these subsidiaries are translated into euro in Buhrmann's consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Under the Company's foreign exchange policy, translation risks in these subsidiaries are, in general, not hedged. This means that fluctuations in exchange rates may positively or negatively affect results of operations reported in euro. For example, net sales reported in euro for the total Buhrmann Group decreased by 19.0% in 2003 compared to 2002 whereas the decrease was 10.8% excluding the effect of fluctuations in exchange rates.

            Of Buhrmann's external long-term debt at December 31, 2003, 70% was denominated in U.S. dollars and 30% in euro. Buhrmann finances its subsidiaries predominantly through internal debt denominated in local currencies. Exchange rate fluctuations may lead to currency translation adjustments which may have a direct negative impact on the Buhrmann Group's equity and may negatively affect net result reported in euro.

            Inability to maintain and improve its information systems effectively could disrupt Buhrmann's business processes.

            Buhrmann needs to maintain and consistently improve sophisticated information systems to grow its businesses and achieve operating efficiencies. If Buhrmann fails to do so, its information systems may not function correctly or efficiently, which could have an adverse effect on Buhrmann's ability to perform administrative functions and process and distribute customer orders. This in turn would have an adverse impact on Buhrmann's results of operations. If Buhrmann fails to implement information technology improvements within the anticipated time frame, such failure could have a material adverse effect on Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            If Buhrmann's contract with Heidelberg were to be terminated, or Heidelberg were to cease operations, Buhrmann could lose most of its Graphic Systems Division's revenues.

            Buhrmann's Graphics Systems Division is the exclusive distributor of printing equipment manufactured by Heidelberg in a number of countries. The Graphic Systems Division derives most of its revenues from the sale of that equipment. The exclusive distribution agreement runs until June 30, 2008 but may be terminated earlier by either party for cause. If Heidelberg were to terminate the distribution agreement or cease operations (without a successor), Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

            Our restructuring programs may not achieve expected benefits.

            From time to time, Buhrmann implements restructuring programs, including reductions in the number of staff. Buhrmann expects that these programs will result in structural cost savings and will improve Buhrmann's operating results. However, this expectation involves a number of assumptions and uncertainties, and as a result, Buhrmann may not achieve the expected benefits. The savings expected from these programs are often significant and need to be realized on a timely basis. Buhrmann recorded reserves in 2002 and 2003 for these restructuring programs. Buhrmann cannot assure you that additional reserves for restructuring programs will not be required in the future as well. In addition, these restructuring programs absorb management time and can interrupt normal business operations.

            Volatility of the market for our Ordinary Shares, the Notes and the Subordinated Convertible Bond.

            The market price of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares, the Notes offered hereby and the Subordinated Convertible Bond could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond the control of Buhrmann. These factors include, among other things, actual or anticipated variations in operating results, earnings releases by the Buhrmann Group and its competitors, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts, market conditions in the industry and

22


the general state of the securities market, governmental legislation or regulation, currency and exchange rate fluctuations, as well as general economic and market conditions, such as recessions.

Risks Relating to Our Industry

            The demand for Buhrmann's products and services relates to the number of white collar workers employed by Buhrmann's customers.

            Buhrmann's Office Products business is concentrated in North America, Western Europe and Australia. The demand for Buhrmann's products and services, most notably in office products, relates to the number of white collar workers employed by Buhrmann's customers in these markets. An interruption of growth in these markets or a reduction of white collar workers employed by Buhrmann's customers may adversely affect Buhrmann's operating results. In addition, Buhrmann's customers may, on short term notice, postpone or reduce spending on Buhrmann's products and services per white collar worker. Customers may also, on short term notice, substitute certain of Buhrmann's products and services for its other—lower margin—products and services. Any such postponement, reduction or substitution may also adversely affect Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            For example, in the last few years, the U.S. and other western economies have been in a downturn. This has had an adverse impact on a number of our customers, resulting in some cases in cutbacks in the employment of white collar workers and the related cutbacks in expenditures for office supplies and other products and services that we sell to them. Any continuation of the general economic downturn, together with the negative effect this has on the number of white collar workers employed, may adversely affect Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            Buhrmann could lose market share and profit margins due to increased competitive pressures.

            Each of Buhrmann's divisions operates in a highly competitive market. Many of Buhrmann's competitors offer the same or similar products that Buhrmann offers to the same customers or potential customers. Some of Buhrmann's competitors may have advantages over Buhrmann, including greater financial resources, better technical capabilities, better marketing capabilities, the ability to adapt more quickly to changing customer requirements, greater name recognition and the ability to devote greater resources to developing, promoting and selling their products. Also, new entrants in Buhrmann's markets such as new Internet based businesses, may alter the competitive landscape to Buhrmann's disadvantage. If Buhrmann's competitors successfully exploit these advantages, they could force Buhrmann to lower its prices or may cause Buhrmann to sell fewer of its products, either of which could adversely affect Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            Revenues in Buhrmann's Graphic Systems Division are cyclical.

            A substantial part of the Graphic Systems Division's revenues derives from the sale of printing equipment which is regarded as a high-value investment good. The demand for this type of good depends to a large extent on developments in macro-economic circumstances and innovation of technology at the Graphic Systems Division's main suppliers. As a result, the Graphic Systems Division experiences cyclicity in its revenues which could adversely affect Buhrmann's business, financial condition and results of operations.

            Forward-Looking Statements.

            This document contains certain forward-looking statements concerning Buhrmann's future operations, economic performances, financial conditions and financing plans, including such things as business strategy and measures to implement strategy, competitive strengths, goals, expansion and Buhrmann's business and operations and references to future success. These statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by Buhrmann in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors it

23


believes are appropriate under the circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform with Buhrmann's expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, the risk factors discussed above. Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this document are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by Buhrmann will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences for or effects on Buhrmann and its subsidiaries or their business or operations.

Risks Relating to the Notes

            Despite our substantial indebtedness, we may still incur significantly more debt. This could exacerbate the risks posed by our indebtedness.

            Although covenants under the Senior Credit Facility, the indenture governing the Notes and the Subordinated Convertible Bond limit our ability and the ability of our present and future restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, the terms of the Senior Credit Facility, the indentures and the Subordinated Convertible Bond permit us to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future if certain conditions are satisfied.

            Subject to the restrictions in the Senior Credit Facility, the indenture governing the Notes offered hereby and the terms of the Subordinated Convertible Bond, we may incur significant additional indebtedness, which may be secured from time to time. In addition, as of March 31, 2004 on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions, we would have had €150 million of additional borrowing available under the committed revolving credit facility portion of the Senior Credit Facility, subject to customary borrowing conditions, approximately €65 million that would have been available for borrowing as additional senior debt under the uncommitted revolving credit facility and approximately $247 million that would have been available as additional senior debt under the uncommitted term loan facility of the Senior Credit Facility. In addition, we may securitize up to an additional $15 million under our accounts receivables securitization program. All borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility and our accounts receivable securitization program will be effectively senior (to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the borrowings) to the Notes and the Note guarantees. See "Description of Certain Indebtedness—The Senior Credit Facility" and "—Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility."

            To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

            Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, including the Notes, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.

            Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility and our accounts receivable securitization program will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for at least the next year. We cannot assure you, however, that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us under the Senior Credit Facility and our accounts receivable securitization program or otherwise in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, including the Notes, or to fund our other liquidity needs including capital expenditure requirements. If we consummate an acquisition, our debt service requirements could increase. We may need to refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including the Senior Credit Facility, our accounts receivable securitization program, the Subordinated Convertible Bond and the Notes, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take

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actions such as selling assets, seeking additional equity or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances. We cannot assure you that any such actions, if necessary, could be effected on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

            The Notes will be structurally subordinated to the creditors and preference shareholders (if any) of our non-Guarantor subsidiaries.

            The Notes are structurally subordinated to the obligations of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. Generally, claims of creditors of our non-guarantor subsidiaries, including trade creditors and claims of preference shareholders (if any) of each such non-guarantor subsidiary, will have priority with respect to the assets and earnings of such non-guarantor subsidiary over claims of creditors of its parent entity. In the event of an insolvency, liquidation or other reorganisation of any of our non-guarantor subsidiaries, holders of their debt and their trade creditors will typically be entitled to payment of their claims from the assets of those subsidiaries before any assets are made available for distribution to us and any guarantor of the Notes.

            As of March 31, 2004, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions, our non-guarantor subsidiaries would have had €91 million of other liabilities together with €206 million of trade payables outstanding, all of which would have ranked effectively senior to the Notes. Our non-guarantor subsidiaries generated 35% of our consolidated revenues (excluding the Paper Merchanting Division which we sold with effect from October 31, 2003) in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and held 29% of our consolidated assets as of December 31, 2003. See footnote 37 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

            Your right to receive payments on the Notes is junior to our existing and future senior debt.

            The Notes and the guarantees rank behind all of our and the guarantors' existing senior indebtedness, including the Senior Credit Facility, and all of our and their future senior indebtedness. As a result, upon any distribution to our creditors or the creditors of the guarantors in a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization or similar proceeding relating to us or the guarantors or our or their property, the holders of our senior debt and the guarantors will be entitled to be paid in full and in cash before any payment may be made with respect to the Notes or the guarantees.

            In addition, all payments on the Notes and the guarantees will be blocked in the event of a payment default on senior debt and may be blocked for up to 179 of 360 consecutive days in the event of certain non-payment defaults on senior debt.

            In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization or similar proceeding relating to us or the guarantors, holders of the Notes will participate with trade creditors and all other holders of our and the guarantor subordinated indebtedness in the assets remaining after we and the subsidiary guarantors have paid all of our senior debt. However, because the indenture requires that amounts otherwise payable to holders of the Notes in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding be paid to holders of senior debt instead, holders of the Notes may receive less, rateably, than holders of trade payables in any such proceeding. In any of these cases, we and the guarantors may not have sufficient funds to pay all of our creditors and holders of Notes may receive less, rateably, than the holders of our senior debt.

            Assuming completion of the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions on March 31, 2004, the Notes and the guarantees would have been subordinated to €724 million of senior debt, approximately €150 million of additional senior debt that would have been available for borrowing under the committed revolving credit facility portion of the Senior Credit Facility, approximately €65 million of additional senior debt that would have been available for borrowing under the uncommitted revolving credit facility and approximately $247 million of additional senior debt that would have been available under the uncommitted term loan facility of the Senior Credit Facility. We

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will be permitted to borrow substantial additional indebtedness, including senior debt, in the future under the terms of the indenture.

            We may not have access to the cash flow and other assets of our subsidiaries that may be needed to make payment on the Notes.

            Although much of our business is conducted through our subsidiaries, none of our subsidiaries is obligated to make funds available to the issuer for payment on the Notes. Accordingly, the Issuer's ability to make payments on the Notes is dependent on the earnings and the distribution of funds from our subsidiaries. The terms of the Senior Credit Facility significantly restrict our subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to us. Furthermore, our subsidiaries will be permitted under the terms of the indenture to incur additional indebtedness that may severely restrict or prohibit the making of distributions, the payment of dividends or the making of loans by such subsidiaries to us. We cannot assure you that the agreements governing the current and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries will permit our subsidiaries to provide us with sufficient dividends, distributions or loans to fund payments on the Notes when due. In particular, none of the subsidiaries in our Office Products Australia Division will be guarantors of the Notes offered hereby. See "Description of Certain Indebtedness."

            We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to finance the change of control offer required by the indenture.

            Upon the occurrence of certain specific kinds of change of control events, the Issuer will be required to offer to repurchase all outstanding Notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of repurchase. However, it is possible that we will not have sufficient funds at the time of the change of control to make the required repurchase of notes or that restrictions in the Senior Credit Facility will not allow such repurchases. In addition, certain important corporate events, such as leveraged recapitalizations that would increase the level of our indebtedness, would not constitute a "Change of Control" under the indenture. See "Description of Notes—Repurchase at the Option of Holders."

            The exchange notes are new issues of securities for which there is no established public market. We do not intend to have the exchange notes listed on a national securities exchange or included in any automated quotation system, although application will be made to make the exchange notes eligible for trading in the PORTALSM Market. Although each initial purchaser informed us that it was its intention to make a market in the old notes and, if issued, the exchange notes, it has no obligation to do so and may discontinue making a market at any time without notice.

            The liquidity of any market for the Notes will depend upon the number of holders of the Notes, our performance, the market for similar securities, the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the Notes and other factors. A liquid trading market may not develop for the Notes. If a market develops, the Notes could trade at prices that may be lower than the initial offering price of the Notes. See "Plan of Distribution."

            If you do not properly tender your old notes, your ability to transfer your old notes will be adversely affected.

            We will only issue exchange notes in exchange for old notes that are timely received by the exchange agent, together with all required documents, including a properly completed and signed letter of transmittal. Therefore, you should allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery of the old notes and you should carefully follow the instructions on how to tender your old notes. Neither we nor the exchange agent are required to tell you of any defects or irregularities with respect to your tender of the old notes. If you do not tender your old notes or if we do not accept your old notes because you

26


did not tender your old notes properly, then, after we consummate the exchange offer, you may continue to hold old notes that are subject to the existing transfer restrictions. In addition, if you tender your old notes for the purpose of participating in a distribution of the exchange notes, you will be required to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of the exchange notes. If you are a broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for your own account in exchange for old notes that you acquired as a result of market-making activities or any other trading activities, you will be required to acknowledge that you will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. After the exchange offer is consummated, if you continue to hold any old notes, you may have difficulty selling them because there will be fewer old notes outstanding. In addition, if a large amount of old notes are not tendered or are tendered improperly, the limited amount of exchange notes that would be issued and outstanding after we consummate the exchange offer could lower the market price of the exchange notes.

            U.S. federal, U.S. state, Dutch, Belgian and Luxembourg statutes allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void guarantees and require note holders to return payments received from guarantors.

            Under the federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, a guarantee could be voided, or claims in respect of a guarantee could be subordinated to all other debts of that guarantor if, among other things, the guarantor, at the time it incurred the indebtedness evidenced by its guarantee:

            In addition, any payment by that guarantor pursuant to its guarantee could be voided and required to be returned to the guarantor, or to a fund for the benefit of the creditors of the guarantor.

            The measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer laws will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer has occurred. Generally, however, a guarantor would be considered insolvent if:

            On the basis of historical financial information, recent operating history and other factors, we believe that each guarantor, after giving effect to its guarantee of the Notes, will not be insolvent, will not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it is engaged and will not have incurred debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. We cannot assure you, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.

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            Guarantors of the Notes organized under the laws of the Netherlands (Dutch Guarantors) may invoke the nullity of any legal act (rechtshandeling) if that legal act was outside their corporate purpose (objects) and the other party to that legal act was or should—without investigation—have been aware of this; the determination of whether a legal act is within the objects of a company may not be based solely on the description of the articles of association, but must take into account all relevant circumstances, including in particular the question whether the interests of that company are served by the relevant legal act. If the issue of the Notes, in the light of the benefits, if any, derived by the Dutch Guarantors from the issue of the Notes, would have a disproportionate adverse effect on the interests of the Dutch Guarantors, these transactions may be found to be outside the objects of the Dutch Guarantors and the trustee under the indenture may be held to have been aware of this. To the extent a Dutch Guarantor successfully invoked the nullity of the Guarantee, the Guarantee would be limited to the extent any portion of it is nullified. In the event it is nullified in full, you would no longer be a creditor of that Dutch Guarantor and would be a creditor of the Issuer and the remaining guarantors of the Notes.

            The guarantee of the Notes by Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., a company incorporated in Belgium, provides the holders of the Notes with a direct claim against the assets of Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. Enforcement of this guarantee would be subject to certain defences available to Belgian guarantors generally. These laws and defences include those that relate to fraudulent conveyance, corporate purpose or benefit and regulations or defences affecting the rights of creditors generally. If these laws and defences are applicable, Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. may have no liability under its guarantee.

            In particular, Belgian law requires that a guarantee by a Belgian company of third-party obligations satisfy the following conditions: (i) it must be part of the corporate purpose of the guarantor, as provided in its by-laws (statuten/statuts); (ii) the guarantor must derive an actual corporate benefit, consideration or advantage from the transaction secured by the guarantee; and (iii) the guarantee must not be in an amount which is not commensurate with the financial capabilities of the company or its assets. The presence of an actual corporate benefit to a Belgian guarantor is a matter of fact and Belgian case law provides no clear definition of what constitutes an actual corporate benefit. If a court in Belgium determined that actual corporate benefit is not established as to a guarantor, then the guarantee given by that guarantor could be declared void upon request of the guarantor (or its bankruptcy trustee). In addition, enforcement in Belgium of the guarantee is subject to authorisation by the Belgian courts.

            It is possible that a guarantor, a creditor of a guarantor or the bankruptcy trustee in the case of a bankruptcy of a guarantor, may contest the validity and enforceability of the guarantor's guarantee and that the applicable court may determine that the guarantee should be voided or declared unenforceable. For a description of the enforceability of obligations, including guarantees, in bankruptcy and judicial composition proceedings, see "—Relevant local insolvency laws may not be as favorable to you as U.S. bankruptcy laws—Belgium."

            There are no provisions under Luxembourg law and, in particular, under the Luxembourg act dated 10 August 1915 concerning commercial companies, as amended (the Companies Act 1915), that govern the ability of a Luxembourg private limited liability company (and Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. is a private limited liability company) to guarantee the indebtedness of another entity. Under Luxembourg company law, a company may issue a guarantee provided that such issuing (i) does not infringe the company's corporate purpose (objects) and (ii) is in the best interest (and for the corporate

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benefit) of the company. Consequently, for a group guarantee to be valid, it must comply with both the principle of speciality (the principe de spécialité test) and company law (the corporate interest/benefit test).

            As regards the principle of speciality, the granting of guarantees does not always fall within the scope of a company's corporate objects. A group guarantee is voidable if it is an act that is contrary to the company's statutory activity.

            As regards company law, there is a general principle that the managers of a company must act in the best interest of the company. Luxembourg case law has held that the granting of a guarantee in support of a third party's indebtedness is not necessarily ultra vires if the transaction furthers, even indirectly, the corporate purpose of the guarantor. The test is whether the company which provides the guarantee receives some consideration in return (such as an economic or commercial benefit) from the transaction and whether such benefit is proportionate to the burden of the assistance.

            It follows that a Luxembourg company may in principle provide guarantees to other group companies if it can be demonstrated that:

            Even though it is not unusual in the case of downstream guarantees given by Luxembourg guarantors to have no limitation (that is, an unlimited guarantee), guarantee limitation language is in principle used in the case of upstream guarantees.

            It is possible that a guarantor, a creditor of a guarantor or the bankruptcy trustee/receiver (curateur) in the case of a bankruptcy of a guarantor, may contest the validity and enforceability of the guarantor's guarantee and that the applicable court may determine that the guarantee should be voided or declared unenforceable. For a description of the enforceability of obligations, including guarantees, in bankruptcy and judicial composition proceedings, see "Relevant local insolvency laws may not be as favourable to you as U.S. bankruptcy laws—Luxembourg."

            You may find it more difficult to enforce your rights against certain of the non-U.S. guarantors than if they were U.S. corporations.

            Certain of guarantors of the Notes, including Buhrmann NV, are organized in jurisdictions other than the United States and non-U.S. corporate laws govern their formation documents and corporate affairs. The rights of our shareholders and the responsibilities of our management that directs our affairs are different from those established under the statutes and judicial precedents of the United States. You may find it more difficult to protect your interests against actions by our shareholders, management and our board members than you would if all of the guarantors were U.S. corporations.

            Service of process upon individuals or firms that are not resident in the United States may be difficult to obtain within the United States. Certain individual members of our boards and our management may reside outside the United States. Because the assets of certain of our subsidiaries and the assets of certain directors and managers are outside the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States against us or such persons may not be collectible within the United States. We have appointed CT Corporation System as our agent to receive service of process in any action against us in any federal court or court in the State of New York arising out of this offering. We have not given consent for such agent to accept service of process in connection with any other claim.

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            There is doubt as to the enforceability in foreign jurisdictions, including Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, of liabilities predicated solely upon United States federal or state securities law against us, our directors, controlling persons and management and the experts named in this prospectus who are not residents of the United States, in original actions or in actions for enforcements of judgments of United States courts. See "Service of Process and Enforcement of Civil Liabilities."

            Relevant local insolvency laws may not be as favorable to you as U.S. bankruptcy laws.

            Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l., a guarantor of the Notes, is organized in Luxembourg, Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., a guarantor of the Notes, is organized in Belgium, and Buhrmann NV and certain of its subsidiaries, each of which are guarantors of the Notes, are organized in the Netherlands. Many of the Issuer's other subsidiaries are organized in jurisdictions other than the United States. The insolvency laws of the Netherlands and some of these other jurisdictions where these companies are organized may not be as favourable to your interests as creditors as the laws of the United States or other jurisdictions with which you may be familiar.

            The following is a brief description of certain aspects of insolvency law in Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. In the event that any one or more of the guarantors, the Issuer or any of the Company's other subsidiaries experienced financial difficulty, it is not possible to predict with certainty in which jurisdiction or jurisdictions insolvency or similar proceedings would be commenced, or the outcome of such proceedings.

            The Netherlands

            Dutch insolvency laws differ significantly from the insolvency laws of the United States and may make it more difficult for holders of the Notes to recover amounts from any of the guarantors of the Notes incorporated in the Netherlands than in a liquidation or bankruptcy proceeding in the United States. These laws may also affect any recovery made by the issuer from any of the guarantors of the Notes incorporated in the Netherlands under their guarantees of the Notes. There are two corporate insolvency regimes under Dutch law: moratorium of payment (surséance van betaling), which is intended to facilitate the reorganization of a debtor's debts and enable the debtor to continue as a going concern, and bankruptcy (faillissement), which is primarily designed to liquidate and distribute the assets of a debtor to its creditors.

            Upon commencement of moratorium of payment proceedings, a Dutch court will grant a provisional moratorium and appoint a trustee administrator (bewindvoerder) who, jointly with the company's management, will be in charge of the company and its business undertakings. Before the court will decide on whether to grant a definitive moratorium, a creditors' vote will take place before the court. A definitive moratorium will generally be granted unless there is an objection by creditors with claims in excess of one-fourth of the amount of unsecured non-preferential claims admitted to the creditors vote or by one-third of the unsecured non-preferential creditors admitted to the vote. During both a definitive and a provisional moratorium, ordinary, non-preferential creditors will be precluded from attempting to recover their claims from the assets of the debtor. A moratorium is, however, subject to exceptions, the most important of which excludes secured and preferred creditors from the protection of the moratorium. Secured creditors include the holders of a right of pledge (pandrecht) and right of mortgage (hypotheek), preferred creditors include tax and social security authorities. Generally, debts arising after the date of the moratorium are excluded from the moratorium. A provisional or definitive moratorium of payment will be withdrawn and in most cases converted into a bankruptcy if, among other things, the assets or financial condition of the debtor is such that continuation of the moratorium is no longer desirable or the prospect that the debtor may eventually satisfy its creditors does not exist. Unlike Chapter 11 proceedings under U.S. bankruptcy law, during which both secured and unsecured creditors are generally barred from seeking to recover on their claims, during Dutch moratorium of payment proceedings, certain secured creditors (including the senior lenders as secured creditors under the Senior Credit Facility) and preferential creditors may seek

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to satisfy their claims by proceeding against the assets that secure their claims or to which they have preferential rights. Therefore, a recovery under Dutch law could involve a sale of the assets of the debtor in a manner that does not reflect its going concern value. Consequently, Dutch insolvency laws could preclude or inhibit a restructuring and could reduce any recovery you might obtain in an insolvency proceeding. At the request of the debtor or the administrator, the court may order a freeze for a period of one month, which can be extended once by court order for another month, during which no recourse can be taken by some or all of the secured and/or preferential creditors against assets of the debtor.

            In Dutch bankruptcy proceedings, the assets of a debtor are generally liquidated and the proceeds distributed to the debtor's creditors on the basis of the relative priority of the claims of those creditors and, to the extent claims of certain creditors have equal priority, in proportion to the amount of such claims. Certain parties, such as secured creditors (including the senior lenders as secured creditors under the Senior Credit Facility), will benefit from special rights. Except during a freeze (which may be ordered in bankruptcy proceedings for the same periods as this is possible in moratorium of payment proceedings) secured creditors such as pledgees and mortgagees may enforce their rights separately from bankruptcy. As a result, if the issuer becomes subject to these proceedings, you are likely to recover less under the Notes from the issuer than the principal amount of your Notes and may recover less than you would have recovered in an equivalent U.S. liquidation proceeding. In addition, any claims you may have may be limited depending on the date they become due and payable. All unsecured, pre-bankruptcy claims must be submitted to the receiver for verification. Verification means that the creditor sends a letter to the receiver setting out the relevant claim to enable the receiver to take a view as to the existence, ranking and value of the claim and whether and to what extent it should be admitted in the bankruptcy proceedings. Three methods of establishing the value of a claim for verification purposes may be applied:

            Creditors that wish to dispute the verification of their claims by the receiver will need to commence a court proceeding.

            Although no interest is payable in respect of unsecured claims as of the date of a bankruptcy, if the net present value of a claim of a holder needs to be determined, such determination will be made by taking into account the agreed payment date and interest rate.

            Luxembourg

            Under Luxembourg insolvency laws, your ability to receive payment on the Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. guarantee may be more limited than would be the case under U.S. bankruptcy laws. Under Luxembourg law, the following types of proceedings (altogether referred to as insolvency proceedings) may be opened against an entity having its registered office or centre of main interest in Luxembourg:

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            In addition to these proceedings, your ability to receive payment on the Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. guarantee may be affected by a decision of a court to grant a stay on payments (sursis de paiements) or to put Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. into judicial liquidation (liquidation judiciaire). Judicial liquidation proceedings may be opened at the request of the public prosecutor against companies pursuing an activity violating criminal laws or that are in violation of the commercial code or of the laws governing commercial companies. The management of such liquidation proceedings will generally follow the rules of bankruptcy proceedings.

            Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l.'s liabilities in respect of its guarantee will, in the event of a liquidation of Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. following bankruptcy or judicial liquidation proceedings, only rank after the cost of liquidation (including any debt incurred for the purpose of such liquidation) and those of Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l.'s debts that are entitled to priority under Luxembourg law. Preferential debts under Luxembourg law include:

            Assets over which a security interest has been granted will not, in principle, be available for distribution to unsecured creditors (except after enforcement and to the extent a surplus is realized).

            During such insolvency proceedings, all enforcement measures by unsecured creditors are suspended. The ability of secured creditors to enforce their security interest may also be limited, in particular in the event of controlled management proceedings providing expressly that the rights of secured creditors are frozen until a final decision has been taken by the court as to the petition for controlled management, and may be affected thereafter by a reorganization order given by the court.

            Furthermore, you should note that declarations of default and subsequent acceleration (such as acceleration upon the occurrence of an event of default) will not be enforceable during controlled management proceedings.

            Under Luxembourg insolvency law, the costs and expenses of the administration of the bankruptcy estate are paid before the other creditors, whether privileged or not (subject to certain exceptions). Certain claims benefit from a right of priority (privilège) which fall into two categories: (i) general rights of priority (privilèges généraux) which carry the right to be paid out in priority the proceeds of the realization of the whole of the assets of bankruptcy estate, including: money owed to the Luxembourg Revenue (Administration des contributions directes) in respect of, for example, income tax deducted at source; value-added tax and other taxes and duties owed to the Luxembourg Customs and Excise (Administration de l'Enregistrement et des Domaines); social security contributions;

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renumeration owed to employees; and (ii) special rights of priority (privilèges spéciaux) which carry the right to be paid in priority out of the proceeds of the sale of a specific asset by reason of a claim associated to that asset (e.g., the costs of preservation of a specific asset incurred by a creditor, the claims of mortgagees and pledgees or those of a vendor of real estate benefit from special priority rights on the relevant assets).

            On the basis of the principle of pari passu ranking of creditors in accordance to which all non privileged creditors (créanciers chirographaires) rank equally, any balance remaining after the proceeds of the bankrupt estate have been distributed to the secured and/or privileged creditors in order of priority, are then distributed to the non privileged creditors in proportion to their claims.

            Payments made, as well as other transactions concluded or performed, during the pre-bankruptcy called suspect period (période suspecte) which is fixed by the Luxembourg court and dates back (not more than) six months as from the date on which the Luxembourg court formally adjudicates a person bankrupt, and, as for specific payments and transactions, during ten days before the commencement of such period, are subject to cancellation by the Luxembourg court upon proceedings instituted by the Luxembourg insolvency receiver (curateur).

            In particular,

            Further, according to article 495 of the code of commerce, the bankruptcy of a company can be extended to its director. A legal or shadow director (either an individual or a corporate entity) of a bankrupt company may be declared personally bankrupt (together with the company in order to constitute one single bankruptcy estate) if:

            Further, according to article 495-1 of the code of commerce, legal or shadow directors can be held liable in the event of bankruptcy if the liabilities of the company exceed the assets and if it is shown that one, several or all of the directors have perpetrated severe faults which contributed to the company's bankruptcy. In such case, directors can be held liable, either severally or jointly and severally, for all or part of the difference between the assets and the liabilities. A claim on this basis can only be made by the bankruptcy receivers.

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            Finally, international aspects of Luxembourg bankruptcy, controlled management or composition proceedings may be subject to Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/200 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings.

            Belgium

            Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., one of the guarantors of the Notes, is incorporated in Belgium and, consequently, may be subject to insolvency laws and proceedings in Belgium.

            There are two types of insolvency procedures under Belgian law:

            A proceeding for a judicial composition may be commenced if either:

            A debtor is only eligible for judicial composition if its financial position can be restructured and if economic recovery (i.e., a continuation of the business in the long term) is possible. A request for a judicial composition can be filed either on the initiative of the debtor (by a petition) or on the initiative of the public prosecutor. During an initial request period, the debtor cannot be dissolved and cannot be adjudicated into bankruptcy. The court can consider a preliminary suspension of payments during an initial period of six months, which can be extended by up to a maximum period of three months. As a rule, creditors cannot enforce their rights against the debtor's assets during the period of preliminary suspension of payments, except in the following circumstances:

            Creditors have to file their claims within the period indicated in the judgment.

            During the preliminary suspension period, the debtor must draw up an instalment plan or a reorganisation plan which must be approved by a majority of its creditors (having filed their claims), who were present at a meeting of creditors and represent over half of the amount of the debts of the debtor. The court can then award a final suspension of payments for a maximum period of 24 months as from the date of the judgment. This term can be extended by up to a maximum of 12 months.

            A company which, on a sustained basis, ceases to make payments and whose credit is impaired, will be deemed to be in a state of bankruptcy. Within one month after the cessation of payments, the company must file for bankruptcy. If the company is late in filing for bankruptcy, its directors could be held liable for damages to creditors as a result thereof. The procedure may also be initiated on the request of unpaid creditors or on the initiative of the public prosecutor.

            Once the court decides that the requirements for bankruptcy are met, the court will establish a date before which claims for all unpaid debts must be filed by creditors. A bankruptcy trustee will be appointed to assume the operation of the business and to organize a sale of the debtor's assets, the distribution of the proceeds thereof to creditors and the liquidation of the debtor.

            The court may determine the date of commencement and the duration of the suspect period (i.e., la période suspecte). This period starts on the date of sustained cessation of payment of debts by

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the debtor. The court will establish this date in the bankruptcy judgment, but this date cannot be earlier than six months before the date of the bankruptcy judgment, unless a decision to dissolve the company was made more than six months before the date of the bankruptcy judgment, in which case the date could be the date of such decision to dissolve the company. The bankruptcy trustee and any interested third party can challenge the court decision on the suspect period during a period of six months following the bankruptcy judgment.

            The rules on transactions which can be voided in the event of bankruptcy can be briefly summarized as follows:


            Following a judgment commencing the bankruptcy proceeding, enforcement rights of individual creditors are suspended, except for those held by secured creditors and the owners of assets held by the bankrupt debtor, and only the bankruptcy trustee will from then on be able to proceed against the debtor and to liquidate its assets.

            Provisions of a contract which provide that a contract will be automatically terminated as a result of the mere consequence of the bankruptcy of the other party are in principle valid and effective under existing Belgian bankruptcy legislation.

            Finally, international aspects of a Belgian bankruptcy or judicial composition proceedings may be subject to Council Regulations (EC) No 1346/200 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings.

            We have not prepared separate IFRS information; separate IFRS information may not be available for periods prior to our 2005 financial year.

            We prepare our financial statements in accordance with Dutch GAAP. We have not presented a reconciliation of our financial statements to IFRS in this prospectus. There may be substantial differences between the results of operations, cash flows and financial condition we report under Dutch GAAP from the equivalent data we would report if we used IFRS. In particular, we expect that our Preference Shares A and Preference Shares C, which are accounted for as equity under Dutch GAAP, will be accounted for as a debt under IFRS.

            We will be required to prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS starting with our financial year 2005. While we are currently implementing systems and procedures which may permit us to begin reporting under IFRS in advance of the statutory reporting deadline, we cannot assure you that any such reports will be available for any periods prior to our financial year 2005.

35


 CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

            This prospectus includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this prospectus regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations and certain of our plans, objectives, assumptions, expectations or beliefs with respect to these items and statements regarding other future events or prospects, are forward-looking statements. These statements include, without limitation, those concerning: our strategy and our ability to achieve it; expectations regarding sales, profitability and growth; our possible or assumed future results of operations; capital expenditure and investment plans; adequacy of capital; and financing plans. The words "aim," "may," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "future," "continue," "help," "estimate," "plan," "intend," "should," "could," "would," "shall" or the negative or other variations thereof as well as other statements regarding matters that are not historical fact, are or may constitute forward-looking statements. In addition, this prospectus includes forward-looking statements relating to our potential exposure to various types of market risks, such as foreign exchange rate risk, interest rate risks and other risks related to financial assets and liabilities. We have based these forward-looking statements on our management's current view with respect to future events and financial performance. These views reflect the best judgment of our management but involve a number of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted in our forward-looking statements and from past results, performance or achievements. Although we believe that the estimates reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, such estimates may prove to be incorrect. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in the future. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from these expressed or implied by these forward- looking statements. These factors include, among other things:

36

            These risks are not exhaustive. For further discussion of these factors and other risks, see the sections entitled "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business."


MARKET SHARE, RANKING AND OTHER DATA

            The market share, ranking and other data contained in this prospectus are based on management's own estimates and are believed by management to be reasonable estimates. However, market share data is subject to change and cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey of market shares. In addition, consumption patterns and consumer preferences can and do change. As a result, you should be aware that market share, ranking and other similar data set forth herein, and estimates and beliefs based on such data, may not be reliable.


PRESENTATION OF OUR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

            Unless otherwise indicated, financial data in this prospectus has been prepared in accordance with Dutch GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. For a discussion of the most significant differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP, see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

            From January 1, 2005, all European publicly listed companies are required to report on the basis of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Buhrmann started preparing for the transition in 2003, aiming to begin external reporting on the basis of IFRS from the 2005 reporting periods onwards. In addition, we strive towards the maximum of convergence with U.S. GAAP. Although some of the accounting standards under IFRS are still not finalized, it is expected that our reporting will be influenced especially in the areas of pensions, goodwill and financial instruments including equity components such as preference shares and options. In particular, we believe that our Preference Shares A and Preference Shares C, which are currently classified as equity on our balance sheet under Dutch GAAP, will be recharacterized as debt under IFRS. See "Risk Factors—We have not prepared separate IFRS information; separate IFRS information may not be available for periods prior to our 2005 financial year." As of the date of this prospectus, no firm indications of the full effects on the reported performance can be provided. Accordingly, we have not attempted to explain those differences or to quantify their impact on the financial data included herein and we urge you to consult your own advisers regarding such differences and their impact on our historical and pro forma financial data.

            Some financial information has been rounded and, as a result, the numerical figures shown as totals in this prospectus may vary slightly from the exact arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.


NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

EBITDA

            EBITDA is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP. EBITDA is not a measure of our financial performance under Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as alternative to net result, operating result or any other performance measures derived in accordance with Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities or as a measure of our operating liquidity. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—EBITDA" for a description of the calculation of EBITDA and footnote 3 included in "Prospectus Summary—Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data" and "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" for a description of the calculation of EBITDA.

37


            We define "EBITDA" as "net results before interest, taxes, depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization of goodwill." This is a non-GAAP financial measure for which the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is "net result." We present EBITDA because we consider it, and we believe that our equity investors and lenders consider it, to be an important supplemental measure of our performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. We believe issuers of "high yield" securities also present EBITDA because investors, lenders, analysts and rating agencies consider it useful in measuring the ability of those issuers to meet debt service obligations. We believe EBITDA is an appropriate supplemental measure of debt service capacity, because cash expenditures on interest are, by definition, available to pay interest, and tax expense is inversely correlated to interest expense because tax expense goes down as deductible interest expense goes up; depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges.

            EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are;

            Because of these limitations, EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our Dutch GAAP results and using EBITDA only as a supplementary measure. See the statements of cash flow included in our consolidated financial statements.

Constant Exchange Rates

            We present our results in euro. Results of subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than the euro are translated into euro at an average exchange rate for the period. In the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" section of this prospectus, we include discussions on the performance of our business based on constant exchange rates. We use constant exchange rate analysis to give a year-on-year measure of change which excludes the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates, because fluctuations in currency exchange rates are outside of our control and may distort our underlying performance and result.

            Changes of results at constant rates can be materially different to changes based on our reported results because prior year average exchange rates can be significantly different from current year average exchange rates.

38


"Organic" Analysis

            The "organic" analysis presented in this prospectus eliminates all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in our relevant business Divisions. These factors include such items as currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestitures, variations in the number of working days, and with respect to our Office Products North America Division, the change to a commission-based model at our subsidiary ASAP Software Inc. We use "organic" analysis, in conjunction with constant exchange rates to give a measure of the underlying growth year-on-year. The factors mentioned above can have a significant impact on a Division's reported results. Their exclusion provides a useful insight into the underlying performance of the Division and enables us to monitor the performance of both the underlying businesses and acquired businesses. Organic performance can be materially different to the Division's reported performance.


EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

            Amounts expressed in this prospectus in "euro," "EUR" or "€" relate to the single currency of the member states of the European Union that have adopted such currency in accordance with legislation of the European Union relating to European Economic and Monetary Union. Amounts expressed in "GBP" relate to the British pound, amounts in "AUD" relate to Australian dollars and amounts expressed in "USD," "$" or "U.S. dollar" relate to dollars of the United States of America.

            In January 1999, Buhrmann started reporting in euro. We prepare our accounts in euro. On June 30, 2004 the Noon Buying Rate for euros for cable transfers in U.S. dollars was 1.2179.

            The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain information regarding the Noon Buying Rate for the euro for the period 1999-2003. The term "Noon Buying Rate" means the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers into foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York:

 
   U.S. dollar per euro
 
   Year end
   Average
   High
   Low
Year                
1999   1.0070   1.0588   1.1812   1.0016
2000   0.9388   0.9207   1.0335   0.8270
2001   0.8901   0.8909   0.9535   0.8370
2002   1.0485   0.9495   1.0485   0.8594
2003   1.2597   1.1315   1.2597   1.0361

            The average Noon Buying Rate for each year is calculated by using the average of the Noon Buying Rates on the last day of each month during the year.

            In determining earnings originally stated in foreign currencies, Buhrmann used an average of daily exchange rates of the respective currency versus the euro. For the balance sheet, Buhrmann used the exchange rates of the last business day of the reported period. The following table shows the applicable rates used for such purposes for the periods indicated:

 
   Balance sheet as of
December 31, 2001
   Income statement
year ended
December 31, 2001
Australian dollar per euro   1.7270   1.7325
Canadian dollar per euro   1.4077   1.3868
British pound per euro   0.6080   0.6218
U.S. dollar per euro   0.8813   0.8955

39

 
   Balance sheet as of
December 31, 2002
   Income statement
year ended
December 31, 2002
Australian dollar per euro   1.8556   1.7365
Canadian dollar per euro   1.6550   1.4828
British pound per euro   0.6505   0.6287
U.S. dollar per euro   1.0487   0.9448
 
   Balance sheet as of
December 31, 2003
   Income statement
year ended
December 31, 2003
Australian dollar per euro   1.6802   1.7384
Canadian dollar per euro   1.6234   1.5821
British pound per euro   0.7048   0.6918
U.S. dollar per euro   1.2630   1.1307
 
   Balance sheet as of
March 31, 2003
   Income statement
three months ended
March 31, 2003
Australian dollar per euro   1.8076   1.8093
Canadian dollar per euro   1.6037   1.6199
British pound per euro   0.6896   0.6696
U.S. dollar per euro   1.0895   1.0730
 
   Balance sheet as of
March 31, 2004
   Income statement
three months ended
March 31, 2004
Australian dollar per euro   1.6052   1.6335
Canadian dollar per euro   1.5979   1.6493
British pound per euro   0.6659   0.6801
U.S. dollar per euro   1.2224   1.2507

            The following table sets forth the high and low Noon Buying Rate for the euro of each of the monthly periods indicated (U.S. dollar per euro):

 
   High
   Low
Month        
December 2003   1.2597   1.1956
January 2004   1.2853   1.2389
February 2004   1.2848   1.2426
March 2004   1.2431   1.2088
April 2004   1.2358   1.1802
May 2004   1.2274   1.1801
June 2004   1.2320   1.2006

            As of June 30, 2004, the exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar based on the Noon Buying Rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was €1.00 = $1.2179.

40


USE OF PROCEEDS

            This exchange offer is intended to satisfy certain of our obligations under the registration rights agreement dated July 1, 2004 by and among us, the guarantors party thereto, and the initial purchasers of the old notes. We will not receive any proceeds from the issuance of the exchange notes in the exchange offer. In consideration for issuing the exchange notes as contemplated in this prospectus, we will receive, in exchange, an equal number of old notes in like principal amount. We will retire or cancel all of the old notes tendered in the exchange offer.

            On July 1, 2004, Buhrmann US Inc. issued and sold the old notes. Buhrmann US Inc. used the proceeds from the offering of the old notes, together with borrowings from the Senior Credit Facility and cash on hand, to fund payment of the principal amount of 2009 Notes tendered in the tender offer.

41


CAPITALIZATION

            The following table gives an overview of our unaudited cash and cash equivalents and capitalization, in accordance with Dutch GAAP, as of March 31, 2004 on an actual basis and as adjusted to give effect to the offering of the old notes, the closing of the tender offer and the related financing transactions.

            You should read this table in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
   As of March 31, 2004
  
 
   Actual
   As
Adjusted(1)
   As
Adjusted(1)(2)
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Cash and cash equivalents   € 130   € 73 (3) $ 90 (3)
   
 
 
 
Total debt:                    
Senior Credit Facility                    
  Term loan facilities     478 (4)   580 (5)   708 (5)
Account receivables securitization     82     82     100  
Other debt     62     62     76  
   
 
 
 
Total senior debt     622     724     884  
  2009 Notes     286     38 (6)   46 (6)
  Senior Subordinated Notes     —     123     150  
  Subordinated Convertible Bond     115     115     140  
   
 
 
 
    Total debt   € 1,023   € 1,000   $ 1,220  
   
 
 
 
Shareholders funds:                    
  Preference Shares A(7)     173     173     211  
  Preference Shares C(8)     339     339     414  
  Ordinary shares(9)     1,005     1,005     1,226  
   
 
 
 
    Total shareholders funds     1,517     1,517     1,851  
   
 
 
 
Total capitalization   € 2,540   € 2,517   $ 3,071  
   
 
 
 
(1)
Excludes the payment of accrued interest to but excluding the settlement of the tender offer of approximately $6 million.

(2)
Certain euro amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars at the Noon Buying Rate at March 31, 2004 of $1.22 to the euro.

(3)
As of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer, approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes were tendered. Cash and cash equivalents as adjusted may be used to defease, redeem or purchase in the open market any 2009 Notes which remain outstanding.

(4)
Term loan borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility were comprised of a Term Loan A in an amount of €118 million and a Term Loan B in an amount of €360 million. For a detailed description of the Senior Credit Facility, see "Description of Certain Indebtedness—The Senior Credit Facility."

(5)
Term loan borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility are comprised of a Term Loan A in an amount of €118 million ($144 million) and a Term Loan C in an amount of €462 million ($564 million).

For a detailed description of the Senior Credit Facility, see "Description of Certain Indebtedness—The Senior Credit Facility."

(6)
As of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer, approximately 13%, or €38 million ($46 million), of the 2009 Notes had not been tendered.

(7)
Based on 53,281,979 Preference Shares A with a price of €3.25 as of March 31, 2004.

(8)
Based on 41,396 Preference Shares C with a nominal value of $10,000.

(9)
Based on 136,691,918 Ordinary Shares with a price of €7.35 as of March 31, 2004.

42


SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

            The following tables present selected consolidated financial data for Buhrmann as of and for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2004 and as of and for the twelve months ended March 31, 2004. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected financial data set forth below is presented in accordance with Dutch GAAP, and where specified, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For a discussion of the material differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as applicable to Buhrmann, please see and Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, please see "Business" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Major Events" and "—Acquisitions and Divestments" for a description of major events and significant acquisitions or divestments that may affect the comparability of the results of operations presented below.

            We note that under Dutch GAAP as from January 1, 2002, the results from discontinued operations are included in operating results until the date the operations are actually sold (prior to 2002 such results were included until the moment the divestment decision was made) whereas under U.S. GAAP, the results from discontinued operations are presented separately from continuing operations. Accordingly, under U.S. GAAP the consolidated statements of income for previous years are restated for discontinuance of an operation. The Paper Merchanting Division (which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003) and the Information Systems Division (which was deconsolidated as from July 1, 1999 as a result of the decision to sell the business) qualify as discontinued operations.

 
   Year ended December 31,
   Three months
ended
March 31,
  
 
   1999
   2000
   2001
   2002
   2003
   2003(1)
   2003
   2004
  
 
   (in millions)

   (in millions)

  
 
   (audited)

   (unaudited)

  
Statement of Income Data:                                                  
Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP                                                  
Net sales   € 5,834   € 9,603   € 10,408   € 9,948   € 8,053   $ 10,170   € 2,154   € 1,348  
Added value     1,258     2,341     2,396     2,253     1,854     2,341     502     367  

Impairment of Goodwill
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—
 
 
(573
)
 
(53
)
 
(67
)
 
—
 
 
—
 
Operating result     199     491     341     (301 )   171     216     94     40  

Result from operations before taxes
 
 
150
 
 
270
 
 
131
 
 
(500
)
 
(86
)
 
(109
)
 
47
 
 
20
 
Total taxes on result from operations     (32 )   (55 )   (24 )   (18 )   68     86     33     (2 )
Total results from participations and other financial results     21     5     (3 )   16     (102 )   (129 )   0     0  
Total minority interests     (1 )   (9 )   (9 )   (12 )   (12 )   (15 )   (2 )   (3 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net result from operations     138     211     95     (514 )   (132 )   (167 )   78     15  
Extraordinary result (after tax)     (55 )   10     (40 )   (74 )   —     —     0     0  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net result   € 83   € 221   € 55   € (588 ) € (132 ) $ (167 ) € 78   € 15  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP                                                  
Net sales(2)   € 2,874   € 6,581   € 7,310   € 6,967   € 5,840   $ 7,376              
Operating result(2)     69     250     116     (718 )   182     231              
Result from continuing operations(2)     162     57     13     (849 )   (59 )   (75 )            
Discontinued operations(2)     (133 )   30     22     (92 )   (249 )   (314 )            

Net result before cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(2)
 
 
25
 
 
87
 
 
35
 
 
(941
)
 
(308
)
 
(389
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles (after tax)(2)     —     —     —     —     (29 )   (37 )            
   
 
 
 
 
 
             
Net result(2)   € 25   € 87   € 35   € (941 ) € (337 ) $ (426 )            
   
 
 
 
 
 
             

43

Balance Sheet Data (at period end):                                                  
Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP                                                  
Working capital   € 995   € 1,366   € 1,231   € 1,103   € 456   $ 596   € 1,097   € 535  
Total assets     5,508     6,418     7,117     5,409     3,677     4,644     5,150     3,644  
Long-term debt     1,898     2,070     2,059     1,678     949     1,199     1,620     970  
Group equity     1,543     1,948     2,671     1,811     1,484     1,874     1,853     1,550  

Amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets(2)   € 6,130   € 7,127   € 7,701   € 5,607   € 3,791   $ 4,788              
Long-term debt     1,898     2,070     2,059     1,678     949     1,199              
Group equity(2)     2,374     2,513     3,157     1,910     1,504   $ 1,899              

Other Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts derived from Dutch GAAP                                                  
EBITDA(3)   € 204   € 672   € 439   € (216 ) € 213   $ 270   € 133   € 68  
Net financing costs     (49 )   (221 )   (210 )   (199 )   (161 )   (194 )   (47 )   (20 )
Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software     (80 )   (122 )   (127 )   (107 )   (79 )   (99 )   (18 )   (15 )
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(4)     1.34 x   1.85 x   1.06 x   —     0.18 x   0.18 x   1.60 x   1.32 x

Amounts derived from U.S. GAAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA(3)               € 398   € (621 ) € 37   $ 46              
Net financing costs                 (200 )   (203 )   (262 )   (331 )            
Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software                 (127 )   (107 )   (79 )   (99 )            
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(4)     1.83 x   1.04 x   0.74 x   —     0.69 x   0.69 x            
(1)
Certain euro amounts have been translated into United States dollars at the rate at December 31, 2003 of €0.7918 to the United States dollar. Such translations should not be construed as a representation that the euro amounts represent, or have been or could be converted into, United States dollars at that or any other rate.

(2)
Several U.S. GAAP adjustments have been made to operating result under Dutch GAAP to comply with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments have been made to recognize discontinuance of certain operations, goodwill on acquisitions that was previously written off to equity, to adjust goodwill for restructuring and integration provisions that did not qualify under U.S. GAAP, to reverse those restructuring and integration provisions and other provisions not allowed under U.S. GAAP, to amortize intangible assets, to write-off capitalized software, to add extraordinary items to operating income, to record derivative instruments at fair value, to recognize additional pension assets, to reverse revenue deferred under U.S. GAAP, to reverse write-off of financing fees, to, as of 2002, reverse amortization and adjust impairment of goodwill and as of 2003 defer revenue from catalogue contributions. The extraordinary items classified as such under Dutch GAAP until 2002 mainly consist of provisions for restructuring and integration costs, losses on the sale of businesses, a provision for excess costs that will be incurred on a software development project and a repayment from the Buhrmann pension fund. Under U.S. GAAP these items did not qualify to be classified as extraordinary.

Several
U.S. GAAP adjustments have been made to total assets under Dutch GAAP to comply with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments have been made to recognize goodwill on acquisitions that was written off to equity under Dutch GAAP, to adjust goodwill for restructuring and integration provisions not allowed under U.S. GAAP, to recognize intangible assets, to expense software costs which do not qualify for capitalization under U.S. GAAP, to recognize the gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, to recognize deferred tax assets under U.S. GAAP, to recognize additional pension assets, to reverse write-off of financing fees, as of 2002 to reverse amortization and adjust impairment of goodwill and as of 2003 to defer revenue from catalogue contributions.

(3)
We define "EBITDA" as "net result before interest, taxes, depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization of goodwill." This is a non-GAAP financial measure for which the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is "net result." In the past we defined EBITDA as operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and amortization and impairment of goodwill. Accordingly, our presentation of EBITDA in past disclosure documents cannot be compared to our presentation of EBITDA in this prospectus.

44

Buhrmann
evaluates its operating performance based on several factors, including its primary financial measure of EBITDA. Buhrmann believes EBITDA to be an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of its business, including the ability to generate cash and to repay long-term debt. For a discussion of the reasons we use EBITDA to evaluation our operating performance, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures—EBITDA." For a discussion of the limitations of EBITDA, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

The
reconciliation between the Dutch GAAP measure of "net result" and the non-GAAP financial measure "EBITDA" is as follows (based on Dutch GAAP):

 
   Year ended December 31,
   Three months ended March 31,
 
   2001
   2002
   2003
   2003(1)
   2003
   2004
 
   (in millions)
Net result   € 55   € (588 ) € (132 ) $ (167 ) € 78   € 15
Interest and other financing costs     210     199     257     325     47     20
Taxes     (2 )   (11 )   (68 )   (85 )   (33 )   2
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software     109     114     104     132     28     20
Amortization of goodwill     67     70     52     65     13     11
   
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA   € 439   € (216 ) € 213   $ 270   € 133   € 68
   
 
 
 
 
 
The
reconciliation between the U.S. GAAP measure of "net result" and the non-GAAP financial measure "EBITDA" is as follows (based on U.S. GAAP):

 
   Year ended December 31,
  
 
   2001
   2002
   2003
   2003(1)
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Net result   € 35   € (941 ) € (337 ) $ (426 )
Interest and other financing costs     200     203     262     331  
Taxes     (30 )   (4 )   1     2  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software     111     115     105     132  
Amortization of goodwill     82     6     6     7  
   
 
 
 
 
EBITDA   € 398   € (621 ) € 37   $ 46  
   
 
 
 
 
(4)
The calculation of the ratio of earnings to fixed charges is set forth in an exhibit to the registration statement relating to this prospectus. Under Dutch GAAP, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2002 by €632 million, and for the year ended December 31, 2003 by €226 million. Under US GAAP, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 by €63 million, €894 million and €79 million, respectively.

45


UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

            The following unaudited pro forma financial information of Buhrmann has been derived by the application of pro forma adjustments to the historical consolidated financial statements and condensed consolidated financial statements of Buhrmann included elsewhere in this prospectus. The pro forma financial data set forth below is presented in accordance with Dutch GAAP. For a discussion of the material differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as applicable to Buhrmann, please see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

            The pro forma financial information included below reflects adjustments to give effect to the following transactions:

            The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of income for the three-month period ended March 31, 2004 and the year ended December 31, 2003 give pro forma effect to, where applicable, the above transactions as if they had occurred as of January 1, 2003. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2004 gives pro forma effect to, where applicable, the above transactions as if they had occurred as of March 31, 2004.

            The pro forma financial data is for informational purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results that would have been achieved had the transactions actually been consummated on the dates indicated and do not purport to be indicative of results of operations as of any future date or for any future period. The following data should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our historical consolidated financial statements and condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

46



 Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended
March 31, 2004

Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP:

   Historical
   Issuance of Notes and Term Loan C and repayment of 2009 Notes and Term Loan B
   Pro Forma
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   1,348       1,348  
Costs of sales   (981 )     (981 )
   
 
 
 
Added value   367       367  
Labor and other operating costs   (296 )     (296 )
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   (20 )     (20 )
Amortization of goodwill   (11 )     (11 )
   
 
 
 
Operating result   40       40  
Total financing costs   (20 ) 4 (1) (16 )
   
 
 
 
Result from operations before taxes   20   4   24  
Total taxes   (2 ) (2 )(2) (4 )
Total results from participations and other financial results   (3 )     (3 )
   
 
 
 
Net result   15   2   17  
   
 
 
 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (in thousands)   136,166       136,166  
Net result per ordinary share, basic and fully diluted   0.04       0.05  
(1)
Reflects interest on the Notes of $3 million (€3 million) and Term Loan C of $1 million (€1 million) and a reduction of interest on the 2009 Notes of $9 million (€8 million) based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes having been tendered as of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer.

(2)
Comprises taxes on adjustment of total financing costs at the statutory tax rates in the countries in which these costs are tax deductible.

47


 Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended
December 31, 2003

Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP:

   Historical
   Sale of Paper
Merchanting
Division and
related debt
payments(1)
   Issuance of Senior Credit Facility and Subordinated Convertible Bond due 2010
   Issuance of Notes and Term Loan C and repayment of 2009 Notes and Term Loan B
   Pro Forma
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   8,053   (2,266 )         5,787  
Costs of sales   (6,199 ) 1,907           (4,292 )
   
 
         
 
Added value   1,854   (359 )         1,495  
Labor and other operating costs   (1,474 ) 284           (1,190 )
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   (104 ) 17           (87 )
Amortization of goodwill   (52 ) 3           (49 )
Impairment of goodwill   (53 ) 0           (53 )
   
 
         
 
Operating result   171   (55 )         116  
Total financing costs   (257 ) 113 (2) 34 (4) 17 (5) (93 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Result from operations before taxes   (86 ) 58   34   17   23  
Total taxes   68   (20) (3) (12) (6) (7) (6) 29  
Total results from participations and other financial results   (102 ) 112           10  
Total minority interests   (12 ) 0           (12 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net result   (132 ) 150   22   10   50  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (in thousands)   134,653               134,653  
Net result per ordinary share, basic and fully diluted   (1.23 )             0.13  
(1)
Under Dutch GAAP, the results and cash flows from a discontinued operation are included in operating results and cash flows until the date the operations are actually sold. These adjustments, except for the adjustments described in (2) and (3) below, eliminate the results of the Paper Merchanting Division from the historical net result and the result on the sale of this Division.

(2)
Reflects adjustments to record the impact of the repayment of the Term Loans A and B and Medium Term Notes denominated in British Pound Sterling with the proceeds from the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, including a reduction in interest expense of €46 million, a reduction in amortization and impairment of capitalized financing fees of €27 million and the elimination of €40 million of the loss on settlement of interest rate swaps that were settled as a result of the debt repayment.

(3)
Comprises taxes on adjustments of total financing costs at the statutory tax rates in the countries in which these costs are tax deductible and taxes on result from operations of the Paper Merchanting Division which are calculated as if the companies of the Division were separated into separate fiscal entities.

(4)
Reflects adjustments for a reduction in interest expense of €2 million, a reduction in amortization and impairment of capitalized financing fees of €31 million and advisory fees of €4 million related to the refinancing of our old senior credit facility and increased interest expense of €2 million and amortization of capitalized financing fees of €1 million related to the Subordinated Convertible Bond due 2010.

(5)
Reflects adjustments for a reduction in interest expense of €1 million related to the issuances of a Term Loan C and repayment of the Term Loan B and a reduction in interest expense of €15 million and a decrease in amortization of capitalized financing fees of €1 million related to the issuance of the Notes and repayment of the 2009 Notes. The

adjustments for the 2009 Notes are based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes tendered as of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer.

(6)
Comprises taxes on adjustment of total financing costs at the statutory tax rates in the countries in which these costs are tax deductible.

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            The calculation of pro forma result from continuing operations under US GAAP is as follows (unaudited):

 
   Year ended
December 31, 2003
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Pro forma net result under Dutch GAAP   50  
Adjustments to reconcile to US GAAP(1):      
Goodwill amortization(2)   49  
Goodwill impairment   4  
Intangible fixed assets amortization   (6 )
Restructuring and integration provisions(2)   (9 )
Derivatives(3)   4  
Pensions(2)   11  
Financing fees(4)   2  
Revenue recognition   12  
Catalogue contributions   5  
Deferred taxes(2)(5)   (93 )
   
 
Pro forma result from continuing operations under US GAAP   29  
   
 
(1)
For a discussion of the adjustments to reconcile to US GAAP, please see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(2)
Excludes the Paper Merchanting Division, see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, for the extent to which the adjustments to reconcile to US GAAP relate to the Paper Merchanting Division.

(3)
Excludes a gain of €3 million for the difference between Dutch GAAP and US GAAP in the cost of settlement of interest rate swaps that were settled as a result of debt repayments with the proceeds from the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division.

(4)
Reflects the lower amount of amortization of financing fees as certain fees amounting to €12 million relating to the Senior Credit Facility are capitalized under Dutch GAAP and expensed under US GAAP.

(5)
Includes the tax effect on the difference in the cost of settlement of interest rate swaps (€1 million gain) and on the fees relating to the Senior Credit Facility which were expensed under US GAAP (€5 million loss).

49


Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2004

Amounts in accordance with Dutch GAAP:

   Historical
   Issuance of Notes and Term Loan C and repayment of 2009 Notes and Term Loan B
   Pro Forma
 
   (in millions of euro)
Fixed assets   2,229   4 (1) 2,233

Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories of trade goods   404       404
Trade receivables   711       711
Other receivables   170       170
Cash   130   (57) (2) 73
   
 
 
Total assets   3,644   (53 ) 3,591
   
 
 
Group equity            
Shareholders' equity   1,500   (28) (3) 1,472
Minority interests   50       50
   
 
 
    1,550   (28 ) 1,522
Provisions   279       279
Long-term liabilities   970   (25) (2) 945

Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and bank overdrafts   53       53
Accounts payable   500       500
Other liabilities   292       292
   
 
 
Total group equity, provisions and liabilities   3,644   (53 ) 3,591
   
 
 
(1)
Comprises the estimated financing fees of $10 million (€8 million) for the Notes less impairment of financing fees of $5 million (€4 million) for the 2009 Notes, based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes having been tendered as of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer.

(2)
Reflects the repayment of 2009 Notes of $304 million (€249 million) and issuance of Notes of $149 million (€122 million) and Term Loan C of $125 million (€102 million). Cash balance also reflects the tender premium of $29 million (€24 million) and estimated financing fees of $10 million (€8 million). The adjustments for the 2009 Notes are based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes having been tendered as of June 30, 2004, the close of the tender offer.

(3)
Comprises the tender premium of $29 million (€24 million) and impairment of financing fees of $5 million (€4 million) for the 2009 Notes.

50


MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

            The information in this section should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated in the forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and include trend information and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to those set forth under the section entitled "Risk Factors."

General

            The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition, which should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this document, is organized as follows:

            Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Dutch GAAP, which, in certain significant aspects, differ from U.S. GAAP. For a discussion of the principal differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us, and a reconciliation of net result and group equity from Dutch GAAP to U.S. GAAP, please see Note 34 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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Overview

            We believe Buhrmann is one of the world's leading suppliers of office products to businesses and institutions in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, based on revenue. Our Office Products business is comprised of three divisions: North America, Europe and Australia. For reporting purposes, the Office Products Europe and Office Products Australia Divisions are combined. The Office Products Divisions combined represented 94% of Buhrmann's total sales in 2003, excluding the divested Paper Merchanting Division.

            In addition, we believe Buhrmann is a leading supplier of graphic equipment and related services, supplies and spare parts to commercial printers in six European countries, based on revenue. Our Graphic Systems Division sells, maintains and services graphic equipment. For related services it holds over 40,000 stock items in six warehouses in Europe. The Graphic Systems Division represented 6% of Buhrmann's total sales in 2003, excluding the divested Paper Merchanting Division.

            On October 31, 2003, Buhrmann completed the sale of its Paper Merchanting Division. Buhrmann's Paper Merchanting Division was a distributor of paper and related products to the graphic, office and display markets.

Use of Non-Gaap Financial Measures

            Our non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or as a superior measure to, measures of financial performance reported in our primary financial statements. Where we discuss non-GAAP financial measures, the most directly comparable GAAP figures have been presented together with a reconciliation of the GAAP and non-GAAP figures. Below is an explanation of why we believe each of the non-GAAP financial measures used in this prospectus provides useful information regarding our financial condition and results of operations. Our financial statements are presented in this prospectus beginning on page F-1.

            We define "EBITDA" as "net results before interest, taxes, depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization of goodwill." This is a non-GAAP financial measure for which the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is "net result." We present EBITDA because we consider it, and we believe that our equity investors and lenders consider it, to be an important supplemental measure of our performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. In the past we defined EBITDA as operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization and impairment of goodwill. Accordingly, our presentation of EBITDA in past disclosure documents cannot be compared to our presentation of EBITDA in this prospectus.

            Buhrmann evaluates its operating performance based on several factors, including its primary financial measure of EBITDA. EBITDA is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP. EBITDA is not a measure of our financial performance under Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net result, operating result or any other performance measures derived in accordance with Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our operating liquidity.

            In addition, we believe that the presentation of "EBITDA" as a financial measure provides useful information because it excludes the inconsistent impact of amortization of goodwill on operating result across the Company's Divisions. Prior to January 1, 1997, under Dutch GAAP, goodwill was

52


written-off directly to shareholders' equity. This means that no amortization or impairment expense is recorded for goodwill on acquisitions which were made prior to January 1, 1997.

            EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under Dutch GAAP or U.S. GAAP. For a discussion of the limitations of EBITDA, see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures—EBITDA."

            The reconciliation between the Dutch GAAP measure of "net result" and the non-GAAP financial measure "EBITDA" is as follows (based on Dutch GAAP):

 
   Year ended December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Net result   € (132 ) € (588 ) € 55  
Interest and other financing costs     257     199     210  
Taxes     (68 )   (11 )   (2 )
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software     104     114     109  
Amortization of goodwill     52     70     67  
   
 
 
 
EBITDA   € 213   € (216 ) € 439  
   
 
 
 

            We present our results in euro. Results of subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than the euro are translated into euro at an average exchange rate for the period. In our operating and financial review and prospects we include discussions on the performance of our business based on constant exchange rates. We use constant exchange rate analysis to give a year-on-year measure of change which excludes the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates because fluctuations in currency exchange rates are outside of our control and may distort our underlying performance and result.

            Changes of results at constant rates as disclosed elsewhere in this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" are calculated by translation of prior year results into euro at a current year average exchange rate.

            Changes of results at constant rates can be materially different to changes based on our reported results because prior year average exchange rates can be significantly different from current year average exchange rates.

            The "organic" analysis presented in this prospectus eliminates all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in our relevant business Divisions. These factors include such items as currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestitures, variations in the number of working days, and with respect to our Office Products North America Division, the change to a commission-based model at our subsidiary ASAP Software Inc. We use "organic" analysis, in conjunction with constant exchange rates to give a measure of the underlying growth year-on-year. The factors mentioned above can have a significant impact on a Division's reported results. Their exclusion provides a useful insight into the underlying performance of the Division and enables us to monitor the performance of both the underlying businesses and acquired businesses. Organic performance can be materially different to the Division's reported performance. In each instance where we present organic results, we also present a table which illustrates the basis on which the result is derived and a reconciliation to the nearest comparable GAAP measure.

53

Critical Accounting Policies

            The preparation of financial statements in accordance with Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Buhrmann bases its estimates on historical experience which are evaluated on an on-going basis. If actual amounts or estimates are different than previously estimated, the revisions are included in the Company's results for the period in which the revised amounts become known. Buhrmann believes that the accounting policies that are most critical in determining the presentation of the financial condition and which require subjective or complex judgments from management, are the following:

            Buhrmann's accounting policies, including the aforementioned critical accounting policies, are discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, including Note 34, which also discusses the differences between Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP.

            Goodwill is tested for impairment at least once annually or more frequently if changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred. Under the impairment test under Dutch GAAP, the fair value of the cash-generating unit that contains the goodwill is compared to its book value, including the goodwill. Under Dutch GAAP, any excess of book value over fair value is recorded as an impairment of goodwill, if the impairment is expected to be permanent. The fair value of the cash-generating unit is calculated based on discounted future cash flows and residual values. Under U.S. GAAP, a two-step process is performed to analyze whether or not goodwill has been impaired. Step one is to test for potential impairment, and requires that the fair value of the reporting unit be compared to its book value including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is calculated based on discounted future cash flows and residual values as under Dutch GAAP. If the fair value is higher than the book value, no impairment is recognized. If the fair value is lower than the book value, a second step is performed. The second step is to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any, and requires that assets and liabilities, including unrecognized intangible assets such as customer and supplier relationships and brand names, be assigned fair values in a hypothetical purchase price allocation to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. This fair value is then compared to the carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value is lower than the carrying value, an impairment must be recorded for the difference.

            In 2003, Buhrmann recorded an impairment charge on goodwill of €53 million under Dutch GAAP and €49 million under U.S. GAAP. In 2002, an impairment charge of €573 million under Dutch GAAP and €1,012 million under U.S. GAAP was recorded. Our judgment relating to the fair value of assets and liabilities, including unrecognized intangible assets, is affected by such factors as assumed economic conditions and expectations about our markets and our operating performance. These factors may change over time and may cause the Company to record additional impairment charges which may adversely impact operating result and net result. Also the fair value and hence the impairment charge

54


is sensitive to the discount rate chosen. The discount rate is derived from the estimated weighted cost of capital, reflecting the risks inherent to our business and a normative financing profile. A 0.5% higher discount rate would have resulted in an approximately €14 million higher impairment under both Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP in 2003 and €160 million in 2002. Conversely, a 0.5% lower discount rate would have resulted in an approximately €16 million lower impairment charge under both Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP in 2003 and €180 million in 2002. As almost the full amount of the impairment charge is not tax deductible, the higher or lower amount of impairment would impact net result almost fully.

            Under Dutch GAAP, goodwill is amortized over the expected economic life of the asset. The assessment of the economic life of an asset is based on the consideration that a permanent advantage is being realized. Consequently, Buhrmann applies the maximum amortization period of 40 years as allowed under Dutch GAAP. The table below demonstrates the increase in the amortization charge in the event that the economic life of the asset is less than originally assessed by showing the amount by which the amortization charge of €52 million in 2003 would be increased (amounts in millions of euro):

Revised economic life:
   Increase in amortization charge
(annualized):
30 years   69
20 years   103
10 years   207

            As almost the full amount of this amortization charge is not tax deductible, the above additional charges would impact net result almost fully.

            Buhrmann receives various types of rebates from suppliers, which are based on the volume of goods purchased (volume-based rebates) or based on the inclusion of certain products of the supplier in Buhrmann's catalogue offerings (catalogue contributions) or are received for entering into a contract with a supplier (contract-based rebates).

            Volume-based rebates are settled in arrears, mostly not exceeding one year. For each reporting period Buhrmann accrues volume-based rebates on the basis of prudently estimated purchased volumes for the rebate period. Rebates received or accrued relating to goods not yet sold are deducted from the value of the related inventories. These inventory related rebates are recognized as income in the period when the relevant inventories are sold to third parties.

            Catalogue contributions from suppliers are usually settled in arrears and are based on the number of pages dedicated to the products of a supplier in a catalogue or on purchased volumes from a catalogue. Before January 1, 2003, catalogue contributions were recognized as income over the life of the related catalogue both under U.S. GAAP and Dutch GAAP. As of January 1, 2003, for U.S. GAAP purposes only, Buhrmann adopted a policy of treating all catalogue contributions as a reduction of purchase cost in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 02-16, "Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor." This means that under U.S. GAAP, as of January 1, 2003, a portion of the catalogue contributions will be deferred in inventory and will be recognized as a reduction of cost of sales when the products are sold, similar to the practice for volume-related rebates. The allocation to purchase costs of catalogue contributions that are based on the number of pages in a catalogue is based on an implied relationship with purchases of products, as they are not related to volumes. The designation of an implied relationship requires certain subjective judgments from management.

55


            Contract-based rebates are recorded as income evenly over the life of the contract, unless it qualifies as compensation for costs incurred in relation to the changing of a specific supply arrangement.

            Provisions for collection risk are recorded up to recoverable value only if specific events indicate that collection of the rebates is less certain due to a credit event at the supplier or a dispute on the actual rebate amount accrued.

            Actual rebates received and the allocation to purchase costs could be different than originally assessed which could impact operating result and net result.

            Buhrmann records provisions for restructuring and integration relating to cost saving restructuring measures and the integration of acquired businesses. These provisions are based on Buhrmann's best estimate of costs to be incurred for, among other things, severance payments, termination fees and penalties for rental and other contracts. If actual costs are different than originally estimated, the provisions for restructuring and integration may be insufficient which could affect operating result and net result. Furthermore, additional restructuring measures may be necessary depending on changes in economic conditions and operating performance, which may result in additional provisions, which in turn may affect operating result and net result.

            Buhrmann is involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of its business. Buhrmann accrues for the estimated probable costs to resolve these proceedings if a reasonable estimate can be made of the outcome of which the incurrence is judged to be probable. After consultation of in- house and outside legal counsels, these accruals are based on the analysis of possible outcomes of litigation and settlements. Operating result and net result could be affected if actual outcomes are different than originally estimated.

            Buhrmann's operating companies in Europe offer a variety of defined benefit plans. In countries such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, these defined benefit plans are maintained in separate trusts (pension funds) to which Buhrmann makes contributions.

            Under Dutch GAAP, these pension funds are not included in the consolidated financial statements. The periodically paid contributions to these pension funds are expensed when incurred. In case the Company is obligated to make additional contributions to the pension plans in order to meet minimum funding levels, as required by local law or specific arrangements, an accrual is recorded. The funding levels are based on, among other things, actuarial assumptions, estimated returns and the market value of the pension funds' assets. Actual circumstances could change the impact of these assumptions which could result in additional contributions which could have an adverse affect on Buhrmann's operating result and net result.

            Under U.S. GAAP, the Company accounts for pensions in accordance with SFAS No. 87 under which pension expense and related plan assets and benefit obligations are based on a specific methodology that reflects the concepts of accrual accounting. SFAS No. 87 requires re-adjustment of the significant actuarial assumptions annually to reflect current market and economic conditions. Amounts are reflected in the income statement systematically over the service lives of the employees covered by the plan. Amounts expensed are typically different from amounts funded. Application of SFAS No. 87 requires that management makes use of assumptions regarding discount rate, expected return on plan assets and rates of compensation, state pension and pension increases in assessing plan

56

assets and benefit obligations. Actual circumstances could change the impact of these assumptions giving rise to different plan assets and benefit obligations, reflected as additional income or expense which could have an affect on Buhrmann's operating result and net result.

            Buhrmann has a considerable amount of loss-carry forwards. For these loss-carry forwards and for temporary differences in the valuation of assets and liabilities for reporting and fiscal purposes, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are recognized. Buhrmann records valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount the deferred tax assets are likely to be realized. In determining these valuation allowances and deferred tax liabilities, Buhrmann's assessment of future taxable income, tax planning strategies and the possibility that prior year tax returns will be challenged by the tax authorities, are factors taken into account. These factors are determined in consultation with in-house and outside tax experts. If actual future taxable income is different than originally assessed, if tax planning strategies fail to materialize or if the possibility that prior year tax returns will be challenged turn out to be different than originally assessed, the valuation allowances on deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities may have to be adjusted which may have an affect on Buhrmann's reported tax expense and net result in future years.

            Translation and exchange differences on loans and currency swaps are recorded in income except if they relate to inter-company loans extended by a Group company (including the parent) to another Group company insofar as these loans are designated as permanently invested, in which case differences are recorded directly in shareholders' equity. Translation differences on loans extended by third parties and currency swaps concluded with third parties, which are designated as, and effective as, economic hedges of net investments (equity investments or permanently invested loans) in a foreign Group company are also recorded directly in shareholders' equity.

            The designation of loans as permanently invested requires certain subjective judgments from management as to, among other things, the intended renewal of loans at maturity and hedge effectiveness.

Major Events

            The following events substantially affected our results of operations for the periods presented and our Consolidated Financial Statements for 2003, 2002 and 2001 and should be considered in light of these events:

            In February, an indemnity payment of €79 million was received which resulted in an exceptional net profit of approximately €58 million.

            On October 31, 2003 the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division was completed which resulted in an exceptional loss after tax of €167 million, which includes related costs of impairment of financing fees and settlement of interest rate swaps. This sale resulted in a net cash inflow of €637 million.

            In December, the then existing senior credit facility was repaid and replaced by the Senior Credit Facility and the issuance of the €115 million Subordinated Convertible Bond.

            In December, an impairment charge on goodwill for Office Products Europe of €53 million was recorded.

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            The U.S. dollar continued to weaken against the euro with the year-end exchange rate 20% lower, and the average exchange rate 20% lower as compared to 2002.

            In December, extraordinary charges of €111 million before tax were taken for restructuring plans which include further reductions in the workforce and write-offs of redundant IT systems and distribution facilities.

            In December, an impairment charge on goodwill of €573 million was recorded.

            The year-end exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the euro was 19% lower and the average exchange rate was 6% lower as compared to 2001.

            In March, Buhrmann raised €665 million, net of expenses, through an issue of Ordinary Shares. The share issue was primarily done in order to fund the acquisition of the office supplies division of Samas Groep NV and the assets of the North American office products business of US Office Products Company (USOP).

            In April, the office supplies division of Samas was acquired for a debt-free price of €321 million in cash. This acquisition resulted in a final goodwill amount of €290 million.

            In May, Corporate Express, Inc. acquired the assets of USOP's North American office products business. The purchase price for the USOP business was $172 million (€193 million) in cash. This acquisition resulted in a final goodwill amount of $151 million (€144 million).

            In May, extraordinary expenses of €86 million before tax were recorded in connection with cost reduction measures, including a reduction in the work force principally in North America and in Europe, and for expenses relating to the integration of the acquired businesses of Samas and USOP.

Acquisitions and Divestments

            Buhrmann made major acquisitions and divestments which affect the comparability of its results of operations over the three year period ending December 31, 2003.

            In April 2001, Buhrmann acquired the office supplies division of Samas and in May 2001 Buhrmann acquired the North American office products activities of USOP. In 2003 and 2002, no major acquisitions were made.

            Buhrmann has realized operating efficiencies as a result of the integration of the acquired Samas and USOP businesses which was completed in the course of 2002. The operating efficiencies connected with these integrations relate to favourable sourcing capabilities and scale-of-operation efficiencies, such as the consolidation of warehouses and distribution facilities. In 2003, 2002 and 2001 a number of smaller acquisitions were made mainly in the Office Products Australia Division.

            In 2003, total spending on acquisitions amounted to €10 million, in 2002 €10 million and in 2001 €535 million, excluding assumption of debt.

58

            The following table lists per division substantially all of Buhrmann's acquisitions since the beginning of 2001 through 2003.

Acquired Business
   Year
   Division
   Country
North American office products businesses of US Office Products Company   2001   Office Products North America   United States
Office supplies division of Samas-Groep NV   2001   Office Products Europe   The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland
Sydney Pincombe   2003   Office Products Australia   Australia
KS Office Supplies   2003   Office Products Australia   Australia
Sands & McDougall   2003   Office Products Australia   Australia
The Wiper Co.   2002   Office Products Australia   Australia
Planet Cellars   2002   Office Products Australia   Australia
Transcript   2002   Office Products Australia   Australia
Storewide Office National   2001   Office Products Australia   Australia
Allied Office Products   2001   Office Products Australia   Australia
Graphico Office Choice   2001   Office Products Australia   Australia
Erivier   2001   Former Paper Merchanting   Belgium
Papernet Scandinavia   2001   Former Paper Merchanting   Denmark
Udesen Grafisk Fagcenter   2001   Former Paper Merchanting   Denmark

            In early 2001, the IT and Telecom Unit of Corporate Express in the Netherlands was sold and in June 2001 the sale of NPO Sistemi S.p.A., the value added reseller business of Corporate Express Italy, was completed. A precondition for approval from the European Commission for the Company's acquisition of the Samas office supplies division was the sale of Buhrmann's Dutch subsidiary Corporate Express Nederland B.V. (Zwolle). This sale was effected in November 2001, but the name was retained by Buhrmann.

            In 2002, there were no major divestments.

            In April 2003, Buhrmann sold the assets of DocVision B.V. (mailroom, copy and print services and archives management).

            On October 31, 2003, Buhrmann completed the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division to PaperlinX Limited. The initial consideration for the sale was €706 million. As the sale was made on a debt-free and cash-free basis, the consideration was accordingly reduced by €6 million. Under the terms of the final purchase agreement, there were certain agreed purchase price adjustments mainly related to the net asset value of the Paper Merchanting Division, pensions and restructuring. These purchase price adjustments resulted in a further reduction of the purchase price of €63 million. For further information, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Net sales of the Paper Merchanting Division were €2,266 million in 2003, €2,988 million in 2002 and €3,126 million in 2001.

59


            The following table lists per division substantially all of Buhrmann's divestments since the beginning of 2001 through 2003:

Divested Business
   Year
   Division
   Country
Paper Merchanting Division   2003   Paper Merchanting   The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, United States and several other countries

DocVision B.V.
 
2003
 
Office Products Europe
 
The Netherlands

Corporate Express Nederland B.V.
 
2001
 
Office Products Europe
 
The Netherlands

NPO Sistemi S.p.A.
 
2001
 
Office Products Europe
 
Italy

IT and Telecom Unit of Corporate Express
 
2001
 
Office Products Europe
 
The Netherlands

Results of Operations

            The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, net sales, added value and operating result by Buhrmann's divisions as well as net sales and operating result by geographic region.

 
   Year ended December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Summary by Division                    
Net Sales:                    
Office products North America   € 3,939   € 4,931   € 5,221  
Office products Europe and Australia     1,479     1,540     1,496  
Graphic Systems     369     489     565  
   
 
 
 
Sub-total excluding Paper Merchanting     5,787     6,960     7,282  
Paper Merchanting     2,266     2,988     3,126  
   
 
 
 
Total Group   € 8,053   € 9,948   € 10,408  
   
 
 
 

Added Value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office products North America   € 1,018   € 1,261   € 1,388  
Office products Europe and Australia     392     413     398  
Graphic Systems     85     118     135  
   
 
 
 
Sub-total excluding Paper Merchanting     1,495     1,792     1,921  
Paper Merchanting     359     461     475  
   
 
 
 
Total Group   € 1,854   € 2,253   € 2,396  
   
 
 
 

Operating Result:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office products North America   € 115   € (273 ) € 194  
Office products Europe and Australia     (23 )   (75 )   40  
Graphic Systems     (13 )   23     38  
Corporate     37     (20 )   (21 )
   
 
 
 
Sub-total excluding Paper Merchanting     116     (345 )   251  
Paper Merchanting     55     44     90  
   
 
 
 
Total Group   € 171   € (301 ) € 341  
   
 
 
 

60

 
   Year ended December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
   2001
 
   (in millions)
Summary by Geographic Region                  
Net Sales:                  
United States   € 3,667   € 4,665   € 4,952
United Kingdom     884     1,251     1,294
The Netherlands     772     961     995
Germany     701     817     898
Rest of European Union members     1,188     1,458     1,354
Australia and New Zealand     496     419     353
Rest of the World     345     377     562
   
 
 
Total Group   € 8,053   € 9,948   € 10,408
   
 
 

Operating Result:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States   € 96   € (296 ) € 174
United Kingdom     22     28     24
The Netherlands (including Corporate)     —     33     26
Germany     (10 )   (15 )   7
Rest of European Union members     12     (101 )   61
Australia and New Zealand     31     33     28
Rest of the World     20     17     21
   
 
 
Total Group   € 171   € (301 ) € 341
   
 
 

Results of operations—quarter ended March 31, 2004 compared to quarter ended March 31, 2003

Consolidated results

            The following table shows net sales, added value and operating result of the Buhrmann Group. The first quarter of 2003 includes the Paper Merchanting Division which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003.

 
   2004
   2003
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €1,348   €2,154   (37.4 %) (32.5 %)
Added value   367   502   (27.0 %) (20.6 %)
Operating result   €40   €94   (57.2 %) (53.9 %)

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
27.2
%
23.3
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales   3.0 % 4.4 %        

61

            The following table shows net sales, added value and operating result excluding the Paper Merchanting Division in the first quarter of 2003.

 
   2004
   2003
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €1,348   €1,443   (6.6 %) 1.7 %
Added value   367   390   (5.9 %) 3.0 %
Operating result   €40   €79   (49.7 %) (45.8 %)

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
27.2
%
27.0
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales   3.0 % 5.5 %        
(1)
We present our change in results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current quarter exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales of the Group in the first quarter of 2004 were €1,348 million compared with €2,154 million in the first quarter of 2003. This is a decrease of 37.4% which is to a large extent attributable to the divestment of the Paper Merchanting Division with effect from October 31, 2003. Excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, net sales in the first quarter of 2004 decreased by 6.6%. The average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar was 14.2% lower in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates, net sales, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, increased by 1.7% in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003. This increase is mainly attributable to an increase in software sales in North America as well as increases in sales in Corporate Express Australia and in the Graphic Systems Division.

            Market conditions generally remained soft in most of the countries in which we are active, with no clear improvement yet in white-collar employment in the United States and a further increase in unemployment rates in Europe.

            Organic sales in the first quarter of 2004 increased by 2% as compared to the first quarter of 2003. The organic performance eliminates all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestments, variations in the number of working days, the change to a commission-based model at our ASAP software subsidiary and the change in the sales recognition of the Graphic Systems Division.

62


            The table below presents a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales of the Group in the first quarter of 2004 as compared to the first quarter of 2003.

 
   Period ended March 31,
    
  
 
   Change in %
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €1,348   €2,154      
Divestment of the Paper Merchanting Division   —   (711 )    
   
 
     
Net sales excluding Paper Merchanting   1,348   1,443      
Effect of currency exchange rate movements   —   (118 )    
   
 
     
Net sales at constant rates excluding Paper Merchanting   1,348   1,325      
Acquisitions and divestments   —   2      
Variation in the number of working days   (5 ) —      
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc(1)   69   47      
Change in sales recognition in the Graphic Systems Division(2)   —   12      
   
 
     
Net sales on an organic basis   €1,412   €1,386   2 %
   
 
     
(1)
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc. (ASAP) relates to sales of software products by ASAP whereby the manufacturer performs the billing and ASAP receives a commission from the manufacturer which is recorded as sales by ASAP. In the past ASAP performed the billing of these sales and ASAP recorded sales and cost of sales separately rather than only the commission.

(2)
Change in sales recognition in the Graphic Systems Division relates to graphic machines of which the sale, as of January 1, 2003, is recognized at installation whereas prior to January 1, 2003 the sale was recognized at delivery of the machines.

            Total added value of the Group was €367 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €502 million in the first quarter 2003, a decrease of 27.0%. Excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, added value decreased by 5.9%; however, at constant rates, added value excluding the Paper Merchanting Division increased by 3.0%. In the Office Product Business, margin improvements were achieved through the expansion of our private brand product offering which resulted in an increase in added value as a percentage of sales.

            Operating result in the first quarter of 2003 was €40 million compared to €94 million in the first quarter of 2003.

            Excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, operating result in the first quarter of 2003 was €80 million. Furthermore, operating result in the first quarter of 2003 includes an exceptional income of €58 million, which is the result of an indemnity payment (net of costs) awarded to Buhrmann as the outcome of arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A.

            Amortization of goodwill was €11 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €13 million in the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates, amortization of goodwill was stable.

            Depreciation costs of tangible fixed assets and internally used software, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, was €20 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €23 million in the first quarter of 2003. This is a decrease of 11.1%; however, measured at constant rates, this represents an increase of 1.7% as a result of investments in information technology systems, internally used software and distribution facilities in the past years.

63


            Operating result was negatively affected by lower sales volumes, which were partially be offset by lower labor and other operating costs.

            Labor and other operating costs declined by 10.9% at actual rates and by 2.9% at constant exchange rates, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, reflecting the positive effects of cost reduction measures and efficiency gains.

 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Total financing costs   €(20 ) €(47 )
Total minority interests   (3 ) (2 )
Total taxes   (2 ) 33  
   
 
 
Total financial items   €(25 ) €(16 )
   
 
 

            Total financing costs were substantially reduced to €20 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €47 million in the first quarter of 2003. This is a reduction of 57.1% or 45.6% at constant rates. This reduction reflects the lower level of debt, due to repayments, especially from the proceeds of the sale in the fourth quarter of 2003 of the Paper Merchanting Division, as well as the benefits of the optimization of the debt portfolio undertaken in the last quarter of 2003.

            Amortization of capitalized financing fees was €1 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €4 million in the first quarter of 2003.

            Total financing costs also includes the resulting currency translation differences on accounts receivable, cash and liabilities after application of currency forward contracts and certain currency translation differences on intercompany loans.

            Minority interests mainly represent the 48% share of third parties in the result of Corporate Express Australia Ltd, a publicly traded company. This includes an exceptional income of €2 million in connection with the adjustment of the recognition of catalogue contributions in the Office Products Australia Division to fully comply with Buhrmann accounting policies.

            In the first quarter of 2003, an exceptional (non-cash) tax benefit of €30 million was recorded as a result of the receipt of the indemnity payment awarded to Buhrmann as the outcome of arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A.

            In the first quarter of 2004, there was a tax expense of €2 million on result from operations compared to a gain of €3 million, before the exceptional tax gain of €30 million.

 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Operating result   €40   €94  
Total financial items   (25 ) (16 )
   
 
 
Net result   €15   €78  
   
 
 

64

Office Products North America

 
   2004
   2003
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €866   €1,003   (13.7 %) (0.7 %)
Added value   237   275   (14.1 %) (0.6 %)
Operating result   €35   €33   4.3 % 21.4 %

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
27.3
%
27.5
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales   4.0 % 3.3 %        
(1)
We present our change in results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current quarter average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            First quarter net sales in the Office Products North America Division was €866 million in 2004 compared to €1,003 million in 2003. This is a decrease of 13.7% or at constant rates 0.7%. The sales include a positive sales trend in the Division's software sales business which increased to €147 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €132 million in the first quarter of 2003, an increase of 11.3% at constant rates. Sales of office products sales fell primarily due to an accelerating shift to private brand products and softness in the furniture business.

            Overall organic sales in the Office Products North America Division increased by 2% in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003. The "organic" analysis eliminate all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in the Division. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestments, variations in the number of working days, the change to a commission-based model at our ASAP software subsidiary.

            The following table present a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for Office Products North America in the first quarter of 2004 as compared to the first quarter of 2003.

 
   Period ended March 31,
    
  
 
   Change in %
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales     €866     €1,003      
Effect of currency exchange rate movements     —     (131 )    
   
 
     
Net sales at constant rates     866     872      
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc(1)     69     47      
   
 
     
Net sales on an organic basis   € 935   € 919   2 %
   
 
     
(1)
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc. (ASAP) relates to sales of software products by ASAP whereby the manufacturer performs the billing and ASAP receives a commission from the manufacturer which is recorded as sales by ASAP. In the past ASAP performed the billing of these sales and ASAP recorded sales and cost of sales separately rather than only the commission.

            The Division's overall added value in the first quarter of 2004 was €237 million compared to €275 million in the first quarter of 2003, a decrease of 14.1% and 0.6% at constant rates. Added value

65

as a percentage of sales was 27.3% in the first quarter of 2004 compared to 27.5% in the first quarter of 2003 and 25.2% in the fourth quarter of 2003. The quarter-on-quarter improvement illustrates good margin management in the office supplies business and the positive effect of the increase in sales of Corporate Express branded products. As we expand our private brand offering and global sourcing initiatives, we are successfully reducing the number of SKU's per product category.

            Operating result in the Office Products North America Division was €35 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €33 million in 2003. This is an increase of 21.4% measured at constant rates.

            Amortization of goodwill was €8 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €10 million in the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates, the amortization was stable.

            Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software was €14 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €17 million in the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates depreciation decreased by 1.3% mainly due to the continued investments in information technology systems, internally used software and distribution facilities.

            Labor and other operating costs decreased due to restructuring measures implemented in the course of 2003. Total operating costs, excluding depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software, as a percentage of net sales were 36.7% in the first quarter of 2004 as compared to 38.2% in the first quarter of 2003.

Office Products Europe and Australia

 
   2004
   2003
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €385   €378   2.0 % (1.1 %)
Added value   106   99   7.8 % 4.4 %
Operating result   €13   €6   103.3 % 82.1 %

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
27.6
%
26.1
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales   3.4 % 1.7 %        
(1)
We present our change in results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current quarter average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Net sales

            Net sales of the combined Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions increased by 2.0% to €385 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €378 million in the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates however, net sales decreased by 1.1% as market conditions remained weak in the Benelux, on the back of further substantial staff reductions at some of our large customers. In Germany, the office supplies business performed better, while demand for copiers and furniture remained weak. The actions taken in the United Kingdom by the newly appointed management team were confirmed by the increase in sales in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the fourth quarter of 2003. Operations in other European countries, generally continued to perform well. Our Australia and New Zealand-based office products business continued to perform strongly in the first quarter of 2004.

            Organic sales in the first quarter of 2004 were lower for the European operations, but rose in Australia compared to the first quarter of 2003. The "organic" analysis eliminate all factors that disturb

66


a like-for-like comparison in the Divisions. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestments, variations in the number of working days.

            The following table presents a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions in the first quarter of 2004 as compared to the first quarter of 2003.

 
   Period ended March 31,
    
  
 
   Change in %
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €385   €378      
Effect of currency exchange rate movements   —   11      
   
 
     
Net sales at constant rates   385   389      
Acquisitions and divestments   —   2      
Variation in the number of working days   (3 ) —      
   
 
     
Net sales on an organic basis   €382   €391   (2 )%
   
 
     

            Added value in the Office Products Europe Division and Australian Divisions combined, increased by 7.8% to €106 million in the first quarter of 2004 from €99 million in the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates the increase was 4.4%. Added value as a percentage of net sales increased in the first quarter of 2004 to 27.6% from 26.1% in the first quarter of 2003.

            Operating result in the Office Products Europe Division was positively affected by the restructuring implemented last year and the success of margin enhancement initiatives, such as the expansion of its Corporate Express brand offering.

            Labor and other operating costs in the Office Product Europe and Australian Divisions were 1.3% higher in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003.

            Amortization of goodwill was €2 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €2 million in the first quarter of 2003. At constant rates, the amortization was stable.

            Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software were €5 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €5 million in the first quarter of 2003.

Graphic Systems

 
   2004
   2003
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   €97   €62   55.8 % 55.8 %
Added value   24   16   53.3 % 53.3 %
Operating result   €(1 ) €(9 ) 92.9 % 92.9 %

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
24.6
%
25.0
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales   (0.7 %) (14.5 %)        
(1)
We present our change in results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current quarter average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

67

            First quarter sales of the Graphic Systems Division rose 55.8% to €97 million compared to a weak first quarter of 2003 when sales were €62 million. Given the fact that general economic conditions have not improved it is too early to determine if a market recovery is imminent. The DRUPA trade fair (which took place in May 2004) may stimulate order intake in the second half of this year, as it has featured a number of technological innovations.

            To reduce the Division's dependence on general economic conditions, it continues to reinforce its "3 S" strategy of increasing sales in the areas of services (such as configuration and repairs), supplies and spare parts.

            Added value in the Graphic Systems Division increased by €8 million in the first quarter of 2004 from €16 million in the first quarter of 2003. The added value as a percentage of net sales decreased to 24.6% in the first quarter of 2004 from 25.0% in the first quarter of 2003.

            The increase in operating result in the Graphic Systems Division was mainly because of the increased sales levels and because the operating expenses were equal compared to the first quarter of 2003.

            The Division did not incur amortization cost of goodwill in the first quarter of 2004 or 2003.

            Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software were €1 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €1 million in the first quarter of 2003.

Corporate

            Corporate net operating costs not allocated to the Divisions were €6 million in the first quarter of 2004 and €50 million positive in the first quarter of 2003. The increase in costs is due to non-recurring exceptional income of €58 million in the first quarter of 2003.

            In the first quarter of 2003, an exceptional income was recorded, not allocated to the Divisions, of €58 million which is the result of an indemnity payment (net of costs) awarded to Buhrmann as the outcome of arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A.

            Amortization cost of goodwill not allocated to the Divisions was €1 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €1 million in the first quarter of 2003.

Results of operations—year ended December 31, 2003 compared to year ended December 31, 2002

            The majority of Buhrmann's business activities are conducted in U.S. dollars. Buhrmann's financial position, results of operations and cash flows reported in euro were significantly affected by the weakening of the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the euro in 2003. Changes at constant rates in the tables below exclude the effect of currency exchange rate movements on reported numbers in euro.

            In general, our business was affected by continuing difficult economic conditions in our major markets. Personnel reductions and lower spend per white-collar employee resulted in lower demand from our existing office products customers. We partially compensated for this reduction in demand through product range extensions and the addition of new customers. In addition, customers of our graphic equipment have been postponing their investments, leading to reduced sales levels in our Graphic Systems Division.

68


            As these difficult economic conditions restricted the growth of our business, we focused on restructuring our office products operations, strengthening our management teams, modifying our sales and marketing strategies, integrating companies acquired over the past years, reducing costs, managing working capital and realizing a satisfactory cash flow. Ongoing investments were made in technology and the launch of our global sourcing and private label initiatives. We achieved significant debt reduction in 2003 due to strong cash flow generation from operating activities and the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division.

            Our global office products business, mainly operating under the name of Corporate Express, made significant progress in optimizing operations. Our North American office supplies business completed streamlining its operations and centralizing back-office functions improving labor productivity by more than 10% in 2003. It will now focus on implementing its enhanced sales and marketing strategy. Our European office products operations were strengthened by the appointment of several new national management teams, reduced personnel numbers and further aligned their infrastructure. Our operations in Australia and New Zealand continued to expand geographic coverage and multiple lines of business through selective acquisitions. We continued to invest in it to strengthen our sales and marketing approach and enhance customer experience while helping them take cost out of their procurement process, thus maintaining our competitive advantage. In addition, information technology investments continued to drive operational efficiencies, fostering a more efficient internal administrative and operational service.

            The sale of the Paper Merchanting Division in 2003 facilitated a substantial reduction in our net debt. The net consideration for the sale amounted to €637 million. The sale of the Paper Merchanting Divisions also enabled us to focus more of our attention and efforts on the office products business. We believe that the office products market offers attractive growth opportunities, a high profit margin, and a good return on capital employed.

            During 2003 we reduced our total interest-bearing debt by €899 million. At the end of 2003, Buhrmann's total interest bearing debt amounted to €836 million compared to €1,735 million at the end of the previous year. In view of the relatively high financing costs in relation to the Company's earnings performance, debt reduction was given the highest priority, while available cash flow was maximized through further stringent working capital management. The changed composition of the Group, the composition of our debt portfolio and the favourable capital market environment gave rise to an in-depth and favourable revision of Buhrmann's financing structure with the refinancing of our old senior credit facility with the Senior Credit Facility and the issue of the Subordinated Convertible Bond, see "Description of Certain Indebtedness." Particular attention was given to optimizing the duration and the composition of the debt portfolio, to match the requirements of the Group going forward. In addition, the Senior Credit Facility enhances the flexibility in our operational and financial activities.

69

Consolidated results

            The following table shows net sales, added value and operating result of the Buhrmann Group including the Paper Merchanting Division which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003.

 
   2003
   2002
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 8,053   € 9,948   (19.0 )% (10.8 )%
Added value     1,854     2,253   (17.7 )% (8.6 )%
Operating result   € 171   € (301 ) —   —  

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
23.0
%
 
22.6
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     2.1 %   (3.0 )%        

            The following table shows net sales, added value and operating result excluding the Paper Merchanting Division and related Corporate holding companies.

 
   2003
   2002
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 5,787   € 6,960   (16.9 )% (6.4 )%
Added value     1,495     1,792   (16.5 )% (5.7 )%
Operating result   € 116   € (348 ) —   —  

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
25.9
%
 
25.7
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     2.0 %   (5.0 )%        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales of the Group in 2003 were €8,053 million compared with €9,948 million in 2002, a decrease of 19.0%. Excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, net sales in 2003 were €5,787 million compared with €6,960 million in 2002, a decrease of 16.9%. This decrease is to a large extent attributable to the weakening of the U.S. dollar, which adversely affected net sales in the Office Products North America Division. At constant rates, the decrease in net sales was 10.8% of the total Group and a decrease of 6.4% excluding the Paper Merchanting Division.

            Personnel reductions and lower spend on office products per employee continued across our customer base in 2003. Especially with respect to our large-account customers, which we serve primarily in our key markets, such as the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands, we experienced reduced demand for office products. Our business in the United Kingdom was negatively impacted by internal restructuring, leading to a decline in sales. In Australia, New Zealand, Canada and in most other European countries we continued to grow. This is primarily attributable to increased sales to small- and medium-sized businesses. Even in the face of difficult market conditions in our major markets, most Buhrmann businesses increased market share within our core customer segment, large and strategic accounts.

70


            The organic sales growth for Buhrmann as a whole, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, was negative 4% in 2003 as compared to 2002. This eliminates all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestments, variations in the number of working days, the change to a commission-based model at our ASAP software subsidiary and the change in the sales recognition of the Graphic Systems Division.

            The following table presents a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for the Group in 2003 as compared to 2002.

 
   2003
   2002
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   € 8,053   € 9,948    
Divestment of the Paper Merchanting Division     (2,266 )   (2,988 )  
   
 
   
Net sales excluding Paper Merchanting     5,787     6,960    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements     —     (780 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates excluding Paper Merchanting     5,787     6,180    
Acquisitions and divestments     (33 )   (11 )  
Variation in the number of working days     41     —    
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc(1)     168     87    
Change in sales recognition in the Graphic Systems Division(2)     16     —    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   € 5,979   € 6,256   (4%)
   
 
   
(1)
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc. (ASAP) relates to sales of software products by ASAP whereby the manufacturer performs the billing and ASAP receives a commission from the manufacturer which is recorded as sales by ASAP. In the past ASAP performed the billing of these sales and ASAP recorded sales and cost of sales separately rather than only the commission.

(2)
Change in sales recognition in the Graphic Systems Division relates to graphic machines of which the sale, as of January 1, 2003, is recognized at installation whereas prior to January 1, 2003 the sale was recognized at delivery of the machines.

            Total added value of the Group was €1,854 million in 2003 compared to €2,253 million in 2002. This represented a decrease of 17.7% or 8.6% at constant rates. Total added value excluding the Paper Merchanting Division was €1,495 million in 2003 compared to €1,792 million in 2002, a decrease of 16.5%, or 5.7% at constant rates. This decrease was predominantly a result of lower sales volumes. Added value as a percentage of net sales before exceptional results, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, was 25.9% in 2003 compared to 25.7% in 2002.

            In 2003, an exceptional charge of €5 million was recorded in added value in the Australian Division to fully comply with Buhrmann's rebate and catalogue income recognition policies.

            The operating result of the Buhrmann Group was an income of €171 million in 2003, compared to a loss of €301 million in 2002.

            In 2003, a goodwill impairment charge of €53 million was recorded following the annual goodwill impairment test, as the calculated fair value of the European Office Products Division was lower than the book value. This reflects primarily the Division's recent business performance, which is lower than expected when last year's impairment test was made. Following the annual goodwill impairment test in 2002, a goodwill impairment charge of €573 million was recorded which includes the Office Products North America Division (€423 million), the Office Products Europe Division (€124 million) and the Paper Merchanting Division (€26 million).

71


            The amortization of goodwill was €52 million in 2003 compared to €70 million in 2002, a reduction of 25.7% or 15.2% measured at constant rates which is due to a lower amount of goodwill as a result of an impairment charge in 2002.

            As from the financial year 2003, Buhrmann's operating result includes a number of "exceptional" results that are disclosed separately in order to increase comparability of results from normal operations (following new Guidelines for Annual Reporting in the Netherlands). In 2002, most of these exceptional results were excluded from operating result and classified as extraordinary result.

            Total exceptional results in 2003 as part of operating result amounted to €51 million and consisted of the following:

            Depreciation costs of tangible fixed assets and internally used software was €104 million in 2003 compared to €114 million in 2002. This is a decrease of 8.1%, however, measured at constant rates an increase of 2.5%. The increase is a result of large investments in information technology systems, internally used software and distribution facilities in the past years.

            Operating result was negatively affected by lower sales volumes which were partially offset by lower labor and other operating costs, mainly as a result of our restructuring and integration efforts.

            Excluding the Paper Merchanting Division and related corporate holding companies, the operating result was an income of €116 million in 2003 compared to a loss of €348 million in 2002.

 
   2003
   2002
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Total financing costs   €(257 ) €(199 )
Results from participations and other financial results   (102 ) 16  
Minority interests   (12 ) (12 )
Taxes on result from ordinary operations   68   (18 )
   
 
 
Total financial items   €(303 ) €(213 )
   
 
 

            Interest costs were substantially reduced in 2003 to €144 million from €182 million in 2002, a reduction of 20.9%. This is predominantly a result of lower average interest-bearing debt due to early repayments, especially from the proceeds of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, as well as from the positive cash flow from operations. Interest costs were also reduced in the course of 2003 as a

72

number of interest rate swaps with relatively high fixed rates either matured or were cancelled. Interest rate margins in 2003, however, were slightly higher than in 2002 due to the application of the pricing structure of the Senior Credit Facility.

            Amortization of capitalized financing fees was €14 million in 2003 and €22 million in 2002. In 2003, an exceptional impairment of capitalized financing fees of €53 million was recorded as a result of repayments of debt following the proceeds from the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, the replacement of the Senior Credit Facility and the issue of the Convertible Subordinated Bond.

            As a consequence of the debt reduction, interest rate swaps were settled in order to achieve a fixed to variable rate profile in line with our policy for hedging interest rate risks. This resulted in an exceptional charge of €40 million.

            In addition, in connection with the refinancing of our old senior credit facility with the Senior Credit Facility and the issue of the Convertible Subordinated Bond, exceptional advisory costs of €5 million were recorded.

            Total financing costs also includes the resulting currency translation differences on accounts receivable, cash and liabilities after application of currency forward contracts and certain currency translation differences on intercompany loans.

            The sale of the Paper Merchanting Division resulted in a loss of €112 million in 2003, consisting of a book loss of €79 million, related transaction costs of €15 million and provisions for indemnities and warranties of €18 million. The profit from the sale of the assets of DocVision B.V. of €7 million was also included in the 2003 results. In 2002 an income of €13 million was recorded as a result of the release of a provision related to uncollectability of loan notes which were received with the sale of the Information Systems Division in 2000. These loan notes were redeemed in 2002 prior to their stated maturity.

            Minority interests mainly represent the 48% share of third parties in the result of Corporate Express Australia Ltd, a publicly traded company. This includes an exceptional income of €2 million in connection with the adjustment of the recognition of catalogue contributions in the Office Products Australia Division to fully comply with Buhrmann accounting policies.

            In 2003, exceptional (non-cash) tax benefits of €76 million were recorded which include a tax gain of €30 million as a result of the receipt of the indemnity payment awarded to Buhrmann as the outcome of arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A. Furthermore, the transaction structure of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division resulted in a €15 million non-cash tax expense and the related settlement of interest rate swaps, and the amortization of capitalized financing fees resulted in a tax gain of €23 million. In addition, the impairment of financing fees following the replacement of the Senior Credit Facility resulted in a tax gain of €11 million. Finally, a release of €25 million of valuation allowances and tax provisions was recorded, stemming from a re-evaluation of our tax position.

            Tax expense on result from operations before exceptional tax results was €8 million in 2003 compared to €18 million in 2002. The decrease in tax expense is mainly due to lower taxable income in 2003 due to lower operating result before amortization and impairment of goodwill which are predominantly non-deductible. In addition, taxes on result from operations in 2003 and 2002 benefited from changes in the composition of the geographic distribution of taxable income and finalized tax

73


audits which lead to a release of allowances on deferred tax assets which were recorded in previous years and which are no longer deemed necessary.

            Buhrmann's effective tax rate was 12% both in 2003 and 2002. The effective tax rate is determined based on the ratio of taxes on result from operations to the amount of result from operations before taxes and exceptional and extraordinary results and before, as these items are predominantly exempted from taxes, amortization and impairment of goodwill. Buhrmann's effective tax rate is below Buhrmann's weighted average statutory tax rate of 28% in 2003 (2002: 26%) due to changes in valuation allowances, predominantly related to the valuation of losses carried forward, exempt income, non-deductible expenses and incentives.

 
   2003
   2002
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Operating result   € 171   €(301 )
Total financial items     (303 ) (213 )
   
 
 
Result from operations before extraordinary result     (132 ) (514 )
Extraordinary result     —   (74 )
   
 
 
Net result     €(132 ) €(588 )
   
 
 

            Extraordinary result in 2002 consisted of extraordinary income of €10 million and extraordinary losses of €113 million and a related tax gain of €29 million. Extraordinary income relates to a release of €10 million of a provision for warranties relating to divested companies in previous years which were settled in 2002. Extraordinary losses in 2002 includes a charge of €111 million relating to both restructuring measures and write-offs on information technology and distribution infrastructure. As of January 1, 2003, these items are no longer presented as extraordinary results.

Office Products North America

 
   2003
   2002
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 3,939   € 4,931   (20.1 )% (5.6 )%
Added value     1,018     1,261   (19.2 )% (4.0 )%
Operating result   € 115   € (273 ) —   —  

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
25.9
%
 
25.6
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     2.9 %   (5.5 )%        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Office Products North America Division decreased by 20.1% to €3,939 million in 2003, compared to €4,931 million in 2002. At constant rates, sales were 5.6% lower than in 2002. The perceived recovery of the economic growth in the United States has not resulted in 2003 in an increase in employment rates, and has therefore not yet result in increased in sales in the Office Products North America Division, as the demand for office products relates primarily to the number of

74

office workers employed by our customers and their spending per office worker. Sales of office supplies on an organic basis were almost level with 2002. The office supplies business excludes the Division's specialty businesses ASAP Software Inc. (ASAP), forms and promotional marketing. The Division's software sales also declined due to a continuing shift from invoiced sales to a commission based system. Also in 2002, software sales benefited strongly from promotional activities of a major supplier, which were not repeated to the same extent in 2003.

            Organically, sales were 3% lower in 2003 compared to 2002. The "organic" analysis eliminate all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in the Division. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, variations in the number of working days, the change to a commission-based model at ASAP. We use "organic" analysis, in conjunction with constant exchange rates to give a measure of the underlying growth year-on-year. The factors mentioned above can have a significant impact on the Division's reported results. Their exclusion provides a useful insight into the underlying performance of the Division and enables us to monitor the performance of both the underlying businesses and acquired businesses. Organic performance can be materially different to the Division's reported performance.

            The following table presents a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for the Office Products North America Division in 2003 as compared to 2002.

 
   2003
   2002
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   €3,939   €4,931    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements   —   (760 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates   3,939   4,171    
Acquisitions   (14 ) —    
Variation in the number of working days   33   —    
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc(1)   168   87    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   €4,126   €4,258   (3%)
   
 
   
(1)
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc. (ASAP) relates to sales of software products by ASAP whereby the manufacturer performs the billing and ASAP receives a commission from the manufacturer which is recorded as sales by ASAP. In the past ASAP performed the billing of these sales and ASAP recorded sales and cost of sales separately rather than only the commission.

            In our Office Products North America Division, added value decreased by 19.2% to €1,018 million in 2003 from €1,261 million in 2002. Measured at constant rates, the decrease was 4.0%. Added value as a percentage of net sales increased slightly to 25.9% in 2003 from 25.6% in 2002, reflecting the change in the product mix with a lower share of software sales. Within the office supplies business, the share of the strategic and large-account customers remained high and the proportion of competitively priced "contract" sales increased further. Margin levels per product group were relatively stable, however margins in the mid- and small-market segment increased. Margin improvements were achieved through global sourcing initiatives and the expansion of the Division's private brand program. Rebates from suppliers increased and allowances paid to customers increased, both in comparison with sales levels. In 2003, software sales contributed €66 million to the Division's added value or 8.3% of software sales which is at the same level as in 2002.

            Amortization of goodwill decreased to €37 million in 2003 from €48 million in 2002 due to the lower exchange rate of the U.S. dollar and a lower amount of goodwill after the impairment recorded in 2002. Following the outcome of the annual goodwill impairment test, an impairment of €423 million

75

on the remaining goodwill was recorded in 2002 as the business performance was lower than expected when the relevant acquisitions were made. In 2003, the annual impairment test did not result in a goodwill impairment.

            Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software was €63 million in 2003 compared to €69 million in 2002. This is a decrease of 8.7%, however, measured at constant rates, an increase of 8.7%. This increase is due to the large investments in information technology systems, internally used software and distribution facilities made in the past years.

            Operating result was negatively affected by lower added value which was partially compensated by lower labor and other operating costs, largely due to restructuring measures implemented in the course of 2003. The restructuring entailed among others a significant reduction in the number of employees, the closure of several facilities and the expansion of the Division's shared service facility. Total operating costs, excluding depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software, as a percentage of net sales were 20.4% in 2003 as compared to 20.2% in 2002, despite the decline in sales and an exceptional expense of €6 million in 2003 due to a reassessment of lease commitments of vacant properties which were included in the 2002 restructuring program. The charge for the restructuring program in 2002 was recorded as an extraordinary expense.

Office Products Europe and Australia

 
   2003
   2002
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 1,479   € 1,540   (4.0 )% (3.0 )%
Added value     392     413   (5.1 )% (3.6 )%
Operating result   € (23 ) € (75 ) (68.8 )% (69.3 )%

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
26.6
%
 
26.8
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     (1.6 )%   (4.9 )%        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions combined, decreased by 4.0% to €1,479 million in 2003 from €1,540 million in 2002. Measured at constant exchange rates, the decrease amounted to 3.0%. Sales in particular declined in Germany and the Benelux. In these markets our strategic and large-account customers implemented personnel rationalization and cost-reduction initiatives. In addition, our business in the United Kingdom lost sales due to internal restructuring, which was resolved in the second half of 2003. In those European countries where the customers are predominantly small- and medium-sized, sales continued to grow. The Office Products Europe Division has made progress in harmonizing its local European businesses. In each of the Division's local businesses, dedicated sales teams were established for both the strategic and large account and the mid-market account segment.

            Our Australia and New Zealand-based office products business continued to perform strongly in 2003 with an increase in net sales of 18.4% to €496 million in 2003 from €419 million in 2002. The increase at constant rates was practically the same at 18.5%. Large customers decreased their office products spending but this was more than offset by growth and increased penetration in the mid- and small-markets, using dedicated sales teams. The expansion of specialty product categories (such as

76


facility, breakroom and safety supplies) reflected the successful development of the single-source business model.

            On an organic basis, sales in the Office Products Europe Division were 9% lower than in 2002 whereas sales in the Office Products Australia Division were 11% higher than in 2002 on an organic basis. The "organic" analysis eliminate all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in the Divisions. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestments, variations in the number of working days.

            The following tables present a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions, respectively, in 2003 as compared to 2002.

Office Products Europe Division

 
   2003
   2002
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   €983   €1,121    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements   —   (20 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates   983   1,101    
Divestments   (7 ) (28 )  
Variation in the number of working days   (4 )      
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   €972   €1,072   (9%)
   
 
   

Office Products Australia Division

 
   2003
   2002
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   €496   €419    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements   —   (1 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates   496   418    
Acquisitions   (12 ) 17    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   €484   €435   11%
   
 
   

            Added value in the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions combined, decreased by 5.1% to €392 million in 2003 from €413 million in 2002 or 3.6% measured at constant exchange rates. Added value as a percentage of net sales was 26.6% in 2003, the same level as in 2002. In 2003, an exceptional charge of €5 million was recorded in the Australian Division to fully comply with Buhrmann's rebate and catalogue income recognition policies. In Europe, sales of stationery supplies showed a decline whereas sales of computer supplies remained stable. As a result of the continuing weak economic climate and competitive pressure, price and margin pressure remains present. The European business launched a new private brand offering in 2003 and the Australian business increased the share of sales under their own brand which helps to maintain margins and offers our customers an attractive alternative to manufacturers' brands.

77

            Amortization of goodwill decreased to €8 million in 2003 from €15 million in 2002 due to a lower amount of goodwill after the impairment recorded in 2002. Following the outcome of the annual goodwill impairment test, an impairment of €53 million was recorded in 2003 as the calculated fair value of the European Office Products businesses combined was lower than the book value. This reflects primarily the recent business performance, which is lower than we expected when last year's impairment test was made which resulted in an impairment of goodwill of €124 million.

            Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software was stable at €20 million in both 2003 and 2002.

            Operating result in the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions combined, was negatively affected by the decline in added value in Europe, due to lower sales levels, which was only partly offset by the increase in added value in Australia.

            In Europe, labor and other operating costs were 4.3% lower, which was the result of further integration and streamlining of the operations. In the Netherlands, a new distribution centre was brought into use while in other countries, such as Italy, facilities were modernized. The implementation of a new warehouse system in Australia had a temporary negative impact on labor and operating costs.

            In 2003, exceptional operating costs of €3 million for additional restructuring charges in Europe were recorded. In 2002, the charge for restructuring was recorded as an extraordinary expense.

Graphic Systems

 
   2003
   2002
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 369   € 489   (24.5 )% (24.5 )%
Added value     85     118   (28.0 )% (28.0 )%
Operating result   € (13 ) € 23   —   —  

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
23.0
%
 
24.1
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     (3.5 )%   4.7 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Graphic Systems Division decreased by 24.5% to €369 million in 2003 from €489 million in 2002, and organically by 21%. Sales of machinery were sharply down from 2002 as the European graphic industry continued to postpone capital investments in the wake of low business volumes in the market for print publications. Traditionally, sales of machinery in our Graphic Systems Division correlate with the investment cycle, and therefore experiences more cyclicality than Buhrmann's other divisions. Additionally, the tight lending climate in 2003 made it difficult for printers to buy new equipment. Overall however, the Division made good progress in its strategy to make its sales less dependent on the economic cycle. Sales of services (such as configuration and repairs), supplies and spare parts continued to grow to approximately 40% of the Division's total sales in 2003.

78

            Added value in the Graphic Systems Division decreased by 28.0% to €85 million in 2003 from €118 million in 2002. The added value as a percentage of net sales decreased to 23.0% in 2003 from 24.1% in 2002. Margins on machinery declined in 2003 due to severe competition as commercial printers are still facing a low capacity utilization and manufacturers have overcapacity. Higher inventory and receivables provisions also had a negative impact on added value. Conversely, the increase in sales of services, supplies and spare parts, which have higher margins, had a positive effect on added value.

            The decrease in operating result was due to a decline in added value as a result of lower sales while employee levels were reduced and cost levels, including depreciation, remained stable.

            The Division did not incur amortization or impairment cost of goodwill in 2003 or 2002.

            Exceptional costs of €1 million in 2003 were recorded as additional restructuring charges. In 2002, the charge for restructuring was recorded as an extraordinary expense.

Paper Merchanting Division

 
   2003
   2002
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 2,266   € 2,988   (24.2 )% (21.0 )%
Added value     359     461   (22.1 )% (18.7 )%
Operating result   € 55   € 44   25.0 % 32.8 %

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
15.8
%
 
15.4
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     2.4 %   1.5 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Paper Merchanting Division from January 1 to October 31, 2003 (Buhrmann divested its Paper Merchanting Division with effect from October 31, 2003) were 10.3% lower compared to the same period in 2002. Sales measured in euro were negatively impacted by a weaker exchange rate of the British pound sterling. Measured at constant exchange rates, the decrease in sales amounted to 6.5%. The sales mix between stock and lower priced indent (paper ordered through merchants but delivered directly from the mills) was stable in 2003.

            Added value in the Paper Merchanting Division decreased by 8.2% in the period January 1 to October 31, 2003 compared to the same period in 2002. Measured at constant exchange rates, the decline was 3.7%. This decrease was due to lower average paper prices while gross margins were stable in 2003 compared to 2002. Added value as a percentage of net sales in the Paper Merchanting Division was slightly higher at 15.8% in 2003 compared to 15.4% in 2002.

79

            Operating result in the Paper Merchanting Division increased to €55 million in 2003 from €44 million in 2002. This is predominantly due to the impairment charge of goodwill of €26 million in 2002 resulting from the annual goodwill impairment test. In 2003, no goodwill impairment was recorded.

            There was no major change in depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software in the period January 1 to October 31, 2003 compared to the same period in 2002.

            Operating result was negatively affected by the decrease in added value while labor and other operating costs were 5.3% lower than in the same period in 2002, or 1.0% at constant rates. This was compensated by an exceptional operating income of €8 million in 2003 due to a reassessment of restructuring commitments resulting from the 2002 restructuring program. In 2002, the charge for these restructuring commitments was recorded as an extraordinary expense.

Corporate

            Corporate net operating costs not allocated to the Divisions were €16 million in 2003 and in 2002. In 2003, higher labor costs could be compensated by lower other operating costs (such as insurance and consultancy costs).

            Furthermore, there was an exceptional income, not allocated to the Divisions, in 2003 of €58 million which is the result of an indemnity payment (net of costs) awarded to Buhrmann as the outcome of arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A.

            Amortization cost of goodwill not allocated to the Divisions was €5 million in 2003 and €4 million in 2002.

Results of operations—year ended December 31, 2002 compared to year ended December 31, 2001

            Nearly every segment of our business was challenged by difficult economic conditions as our customers reduced spending on office products and graphic products and supplies. In our largest market—the United States—a significant portion of our existing customers purchased less office products in 2002 than in the previous year.

            In order to cope with this environment, we diligently explored opportunities to conserve resources and to help the Company to continue to generate a positive cash flow.

            In the fourth quarter of 2002, we started the implementation of further restructuring initiatives in the wake of continued uncertainties regarding overall business activity in our major markets. We took an extraordinary charge of €111 million before tax in the fourth quarter of 2002 to account for the actions which include restructurings, as well as write-offs of redundant information technology assets and distribution facilities.

            In addition, we took the following further actions throughout the year to enhance the competitive strengths of the Company:

80

            In the course of 2001, Buhrmann made major acquisitions and divestments which affect comparability as these acquisitions and divestments are included for the full year in the 2002 Consolidated Financial Statements. In April 2001, the office supplies division of Samas was acquired and in May 2001, Buhrmann acquired the North American office products activities of USOP. In November 2001, the sale of Corporate Express Nederland B.V. (Zwolle) was completed.

            The following table shows net sales, added value and operating result of the Buhrmann Group including the Paper Merchanting Division which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003.

 
   2002
   2001
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 9,948   € 10,408   (4.4 )% (1.6 )%
Added value     2,253     2,396   (6.0 )% (2.9 )%
Operating result   € (301 ) € 341   —   —  

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
22.6
%
 
23.0
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     (3.0 )%   3.3 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            As stated earlier, adverse economic conditions negatively affected our 2002 results, resulting in a net sales decrease of 4.4% to €9,948 million in 2002 from €10,408 million in 2001 for the Buhrmann Group. At constant rates, net sales decreased by 1.6%. With the notable exception of our software business, ASAP, our Office Products North America and Europe Divisions experienced reduced demand from customers, who continued to reduce overall employee headcounts as well as per capita spending on office products during 2002. The continued slowdown in advertising and direct marketing expenditure resulted in reduced spending by customers of our Paper Merchanting and Graphic Systems Divisions. Our Office Products Australia Division, however, enjoyed excellent sales growth in 2002 compared to 2001.

            The organic decline in sales was 2% in 2002 compared to 2001. This eliminates all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions, divestments, variations in the number of working days.

81


            The following table presents a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for the Group in 2002 as compared to 2001.

 
   2002
   2001
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   € 9,948   € 10,408    
Divestment of the Paper Merchanting Division     (2,988 )   (3,126 )  
   
 
   
Net sales excluding Paper Merchanting     6,960     7,282    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements     —     (270 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates excluding Paper Merchanting     6,960     7,012    
Acquisition of Samas     —     107    
Acquisition of USOP(1)     (191 )   (87 )  
Other acquisitions and divestments     (9 )   (28 )  
Variation in the number of working days     6     —    
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc.(2)     143     40    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   € 6,909   € 7,044   (2%)
   
 
   
(1)
The North American office products business of US Office Products Company (USOP) was acquired in May 2001. The adjustment of €191 million to the 2002 sales is the sales of the acquired USOP business in the period January 2002 to May 2002 in order to have a like-for-like comparison with 2001. There are no sales numbers available for the period January 2001 to May 2001 of the acquired USOP business. The adjustment of €87 million to the 2001 sales reflects the sales of those parts of the acquired USOP business that were subsequently discontinued and were not included in the 2002 sales.

(2)
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc. (ASAP) relates to sales of software products by ASAP whereby the manufacturer performs the billing and ASAP receives a commission from the manufacturer which is recorded as sales by ASAP. In the past ASAP performed the billing of these sales and ASAP recorded sales and cost of sales separately rather than only the commission.

            In 2002, total added value decreased as a result of lower net sales and changes in the sales mix. The full year consolidation in 2002 of the businesses acquired in 2001 had a positive effect on added value. The net effect was a decrease in added value of 6.0% to €2,253 million in 2002 from €2,396 million in 2001. Measured at constant exchange rates, the decline in added value in 2002 compared to 2001 was 2.9%.

            Operating result was a loss of €301 million in 2002 compared to an income of €341 million in 2001. Following the outcome of the annual impairment test, an impairment of €573 million on the remaining goodwill was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2002. Buhrmann's solvency ratio (group equity as a percentage of total assets) remains well above 30%. The write-down reflects the recent business performance, which is lower than expected when the relevant acquisitions were made. These include acquired businesses in our Office Products Divisions, both in Europe and in the US, and in the Paper Merchanting Division. In addition, reduced visibility concerning future performance has led to a higher discount factor (cost of capital) for calculating the fair value of the business. Amortization costs of goodwill were €70 million in 2002 compared to €67 million in 2001.

            Operating costs (excluding depreciation of tangible fixed assets and amortization and impairment of goodwill) decreased by €82 million in 2002 compared to 2001. At constant rates the decrease was €22 million. This operating result has been achieved as cost savings resulting from the successful integration of acquired businesses and additional restructuring measures have partly offset the effects of

82


lower sales volumes and a sales mix that included a larger proportion of lower-margin products. Depreciation costs of tangible fixed assets and internally used software increased by 4.6% to €114 million in 2002 from €109 million in 2001, or at constant rates 9.7%, mainly due to the full year consolidation of the acquired businesses and a reduction in 2001 following the reassessment of the useful lives of some tangible assets in the Paper Merchanting Division.

 
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Total financing costs   € (199 ) € (210 )
Results from participations and other financial results     16     (3 )
Minority interests     (12 )   (9 )
Tax expense on result from operations     (18 )   (24 )
   
 
 
Total financial items   € (213 ) € (246 )
   
 
 

            Total financing costs consist primarily of interest costs and amortization of capitalized financing fees, relating primarily to the senior credit facility entered into in 1999 to fund the merger with Corporate Express and the securitization program. Total financing costs decreased by 5.6% to €199 million in 2002 from €210 million in 2001. Lower interest margins following the expansion of the securitization program with the issue of Medium Term Notes, lower average interest-bearing debt, lower overall interest rates and foreign currency exchange gains caused total financing cost to decrease. Lower interest was partly offset by an increase in amortization of financing fees to €22 million in 2002 from €16 million in 2001, mainly due to a write-off in connection with early redemption of debt.

            A number of incidental items, such as the release of a provision for uncollectability of loan notes related to the sale of the Information Systems Division, resulted in an income of €16 million in results from participations and other financial results in 2002.

            Minority interests mainly represents the 48% share of third parties in the result of Corporate Express Australia Ltd.

            The effective tax rate amounted to 12.2% in 2002, compared to 11.8% in 2001, and is below Buhrmann's weighted average statutory tax rate of 25.6% in 2002, compared to 26.2% in 2001, due to changes in valuation allowances, predominantly related to the valuation of losses carried forward, exempt income, non-deductible expenses and incentives. Tax expense in 2002 benefited from changes in the composition of the geographic distribution of taxable earnings and finalized tax audits leading to a release of allowances which were recorded in previous years and which are no longer deemed necessary.

83

 
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Operating result   € (301 ) € 341  
Total financial items     (213 )   (246 )
   
 
 
Result from operations before extraordinary result     (514 )   95  
Extraordinary result     (74 )   (40 )
   
 
 
Net result   € (588 ) € 55  
   
 
 

            Extraordinary result in 2002 consisted of extraordinary income of €10 million and extraordinary losses of €113 million and a related tax gain of €29 million. Extraordinary income relates to a release of €10 million of a provision for warranties relating to divested companies in previous years which were settled in 2002. Extraordinary losses in 2002 includes a charge of €111 million relating to both restructuring measures and write-offs on information technology and distribution infrastructure. The restructuring aims to achieve operational cost reductions in both the Office Products Divisions in North America and Europe as well as the Paper Merchanting Division. It concerns a net headcount reduction of about 1,100 fulltime employees.

            Extraordinary result in 2001 consisted of extraordinary income of €20 million, extraordinary losses of €86 million and a related tax gain of €26 million. In February 2001, Buhrmann sold its remaining interest in Sappi Limited. After the settlement of hedging and other transaction costs, this resulted in extraordinary income of €20 million. Extraordinary expense in 2001 consisted of expenses relating to cost reduction measures, including a reduction in the workforce, of €45 million and €41 million for expenses relating to the integration of the office supplies divisions of USOP and Samas that did not qualify as goodwill and for certain expenses relating to the sale of Corporate Express Nederland B.V.

Office Products North America

 
   2002
   2001
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 4,931   € 5,221   (5.5 )% (0.5 )%
Added value     1,261     1,388   (9.1 )% (4.1 )%
Operating result   € (273 ) € 194   —   —  

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
25.6
%
 
26.6
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     (5.5 )%   3.7 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            In the Office Products North America Division, net sales decreased by 5.5% to €4,931 million in 2002 from €5,221 million in 2001. At constant rates, sales were almost level, posting a 0.5% decline. When comparing sales, the acquisition of the USOP activities in mid-May 2001 should be taken into account. Sales of office supplies declined, whereas the demand in sales of computer supplies and

84

desktop software increased in 2002. Within office supplies and furniture, we experienced a lower demand from our existing customers, which can be attributed to the negative economic conditions in the United States and Canada, which could not be compensated by our new account wins. Furthermore, within office supplies, sales volumes of computer supplies increased markedly, while sales of furniture along with other higher margin discretionary items decreased, due in part to cost-cutting measures by strategic account customers. In response to the lower demand for office products, the division has reduced inventories, which had led to both a reduction in capital employed and a consequent decrease in volume related rebates from our suppliers. Another activity that did increase sales, however, was ASAP, which can be attributed in part to strong promotions by a software supplier during the year.

            In 2002, the organic sales growth was nil. The "organic" analysis eliminates all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in the Division. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, the acquisition of the USOP activities, variations in the number of working days.

            The following table presents a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for the Office Products North America Division in 2002 as compared to 2001.

 
   2002
   2001
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   €4,931   €5,221    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements   —   (267 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates   4,931   4,954    
Acquisition of USOP(1)   (191 ) (87 )  
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc(2)   143   40    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   €4,883   €4,907   0%
   
 
   
(1)
The North American office products business of US Office Products Company (USOP) was acquired in May 2001. The adjustment of €191 million to the 2002 sales is the sales of the acquired USOP business in the period January 2002 to May 2002 in order to have a like-for-like comparison with 2001. There are no sales numbers available for the period January 2001 to May 2001 of the acquired USOP business. The adjustment of €87 million to the 2001 sales reflects the sales of those parts of the acquired USOP business that were subsequently discontinued and were not included in the 2002 sales.

(2)
Change to commission based model at ASAP Software, Inc. (ASAP) relates to sales of software products by ASAP whereby the manufacturer performs the billing and ASAP receives a commission from the manufacturer which is recorded as sales by ASAP. In the past ASAP performed the billing of these sales and ASAP recorded sales and cost of sales separately rather than only the commission.

            In the Office Products North America Division, added value decreased by 9.1% to €1,261 million in 2002 from €1,388 million in 2001. Excluding currency translation effects, the decrease was 4.1%. The percentage of lower margin software and computer supplies sales increased relative to sales of furniture and other higher margin discretionary items compared to 2001. The proportion of contract sales increased and, in addition, strategic and large-account customers accounted for an increasingly large portion of the Division's sales. As a consequence, the gross margin was lower. In general, gross margins for individual products and services were relatively stable. Apart from the pressure on the overall gross margin, the decrease in volume related supplier rebates and higher allowances paid to our customers had an adverse effect on added value. This was partly offset by the full year consolidation in 2002 of the previously acquired USOP business.

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            Following the outcome of the annual goodwill impairment test, an impairment of €423 million was recorded in 2002 as the business performance was lower than expected when the relevant acquisitions were made. Amortization of goodwill remained was stable at €47 million in 2002 compared to €48 million in 2001. In 2001, no goodwill impairment was recorded.

            Lower added value was only partly compensated by a decrease in labor and other operating costs compared to 2001. Significant synergy savings were realized through the successful integration of the acquired USOP business, which was completed in the course of 2002 and the implementation of the restructuring program announced in May 2001. Total operating costs excluding depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software improved as a percentage of sales from 20.6% in 2001 to 20.2% in 2002.

            Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software was €69 million in 2002 and €71 million in 2001. Measured at constant rates, depreciation increased by 1.5%.

Office Products Europe and Australia

 
   2002
   2001
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 1,540   € 1,496   2.9 % 3.2 %
Added value     413     398   3.8 % 3.9 %
Operating result   € (75 ) € 40   — % — %

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
26.8
%
 
26.6
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     (4.9 )%   2.7 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions combined increased by 2.9% to €1,540 million in 2002 from €1,496 million in 2001. Measured at constant exchange rates, the increase amounted to 3.2%. This is mainly due to the full year consolidation in 2002 of the acquired office supplies division of Samas-Groep in April 2001.

            As with other Buhrmann Divisions, Corporate Express Europe experienced lower business volumes because of the continuing economic slowdown. Many large customers considerably decreased their white-collar headcount and further reduced their operating costs by restricting their consumption of office supplies. The decline particularly occurred in countries in which we depend to a major extent on the large-account customers market segment. This is especially the case in Germany, the UK and the Netherlands. In other European countries we have a strong position in the customer segment of medium-sized companies. Here our operations continued to enjoy healthy sales growth.

            Our Australian/New Zealand based Office Products Division again recorded excellent profitability on buoyant sales levels, though signs of weakening in the Australian economy began to put pressure on the still robust earnings growth in second half of the year. Net sales in this Division increased to €419 million in 2002 from €353 million in 2001, an increase of 18.7% of which about 5% is attributable to acquisitions. The company completed six acquisitions for the year, adding €25 million in annualized sales. These acquisitions improved regional coverage as well as added to the product range offered to customers.

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            In 2002, sales in the Office Products Europe Division, declined by about 7% organically whereas sales in the Office Products Australia Division increased by about 14% organically. The "organic" analysis eliminate all factors that disturb a like-for-like comparison in the Divisions. These factors are currency exchange rate movements, acquisitions (such as the Samas activities), divestments, variations in the number of working days.

            The following tables present a calculation, on an organic basis, of net sales for the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions, respectively, in 2002 as compared to 2001.

Office Products Europe Division

 
   2002
   2001
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   € 1,121   € 1,143    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements     —     (2 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates     1,121     1,141    
Acquisition of Samas     —     107    
Divestments     —     (36 )  
Variation in the number of working days     4     —    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   € 1,125   € 1,212   (7%)
   
 
   

Office Products Australia Division

 
   2002
   2001
   Change in %
 
   (in millions, except percentages)
Net sales   € 419   € 353    
Effect of currency exchange rate movements     —     (1 )  
   
 
   
Net sales at constant rates     419     352    
Acquisitions     (9 )   8    
   
 
   
Net sales on an organic basis   € 410   € 360   14%
   
 
   

            Added value in the Office Products Europe and Australia Divisions combined increased by 3.8% to €413 million in 2002 from €398 million in 2001, or 3.9% measured at constant exchange rates. This increase is predominantly a result of the sales growth in Australia and the full year consolidation in 2002 of the acquired Samas business. In the Office Products Europe Division, the gross margin increased as a result of the further penetration of products sold under its own corporate brand and the use of customer profitability analyses. Overall gross margins for individual products and services were relatively stable. Added value was negatively impacted by an increase in delivery expenses.

            Following the outcome of the annual goodwill impairment test, an impairment of €124 million was recorded in 2002 as the calculated fair value of the European Office Products businesses combined was lower than the book value. In 2001, no goodwill impairment was recorded. Amortization of goodwill was €15 million in 2002 and €13 million in 2001.

87

            Operating result was positively affected due the increase in added value, whereas labor and other operating costs increased by only 1.9%, despite the full year consolidation in 2002 of the acquired Samas activities in 2001. This is primarily due to synergy savings realized by the successful integration of the Samas activities, which was completed in the course of 2002, and by cost savings as a result of restructuring measures, which were taken in 2001 and fully affected in 2002. Depreciation costs increased by 12.3% in 2002 compared to 2001 at constant rates, predominantly as a result of the full year consolidation of the acquired Samas activities.

Graphic Systems

 
   2002
   2001
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 489   € 565   (13.5 )% (13.5 )%
Added value     118     135   (12.6 )% (12.6 )%
Operating result   € 23   € 38   (39.5 )% (39.5 )%

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
24.1
%
 
23.9
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     4.7 %   6.7 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Graphic Systems Division decreased by 13.5% to €489 million in 2002 from €565 million in 2001. The continuing economic malaise affected the Division's customer base in 2002 as reduced advertising and direct marketing programs hurt the demand for printing. Accordingly, printers avoided making capital expenditures on printing presses. The Graphic Systems Division experiences more cyclicality in its results than Buhrmann's other divisions as the sale of capital goods such as printing presses is more susceptible to changes in the general economic climate.

            Sales of services, supplies and spare parts ('3 Ss') further increased which has partly offset the decline in the sale of machinery. The strategic significance of the '3 Ss' activities is to make the results of our entire graphic business less sensitive to the traditional economic cycle than the printing press market. As a benchmark, the gross margin of this business is now covering 58% of the total cost of the entire Graphic Systems Division, up 5% from 53% in 2001.

            Added value in the Graphic Systems Division decreased by 12.6% to €118 million in 2002 from €135 million in 2001. The increased contribution of the '3 Ss' business, which have higher margins, and lower inventory provisions following increased inventory turns of offset printing equipment, could not compensate for the decrease in added value of machinery.

            In the Graphic Systems Division, operating result decreased due to a decline in added value while labor, other operating, and depreciation costs, slightly increased. The investments associated with this year's launch of the NexPress digital printing press caused an increase in operating costs. Excluding these investments, the Division's costs would have been lower than in 2001 as the total number of staff was further reduced to adjust to the lower levels of business activity.

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Paper Merchanting

 
   2002
   2001
   Change
in €
   Change at
constant
rates(1)
  
 
   (in millions, except percentages)

  
Net sales   € 2,988   € 3,126   (4.4 )% (3.8 )%
Added value     461     475   (2.9 )% (2.1 )%
Operating result   € 44   € 90   (50.0 )% (51.8 )%

Added value as a percentage of net sales
 
 
15.4
%
 
15.2
%
 
 
 
 
Operating result as a percentage of net sales     1.5 %   2.9 %        
(1)
We present our results on a constant currency basis by converting our prior year results into euro at the current year average exchange rate. We explain why we believe the presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information regarding our financial performance in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

            Net sales in the Paper Merchanting Division decreased by 4.4% to €2,988 million in 2002 from €3,126 million in 2001. Measured at constant exchange rates, the decrease amounted to 3.8%. The negative economic conditions that began in 2001 continued throughout 2002. Low levels of advertising and direct marketing activity adversely affected demand for paper in the commercial print segment. This was particularly the case for coated paper, which accounts for approximately 50% of this segment. The display business segment suffered as advertising screen-printing activity was lower and point-of-sale materials printing declined. The sales volume in the office paper market increased, whereas it declined in the secondary packaging market. In this adverse environment, Buhrmann increased its market share by maintaining excellent customer service levels—the primary variable in the paper merchanting business. The Division's branding strategy is also a clear contributor to increasing customer loyalty. Overall Buhrmann tonnage shipped was slightly lower compared with the year earlier in a market where industry tonnage was down by 5%. Average paper prices were almost 4% lower than in 2001. The sales mix between "stock" and lower priced "indent" (paper ordered through merchants but delivered directly from the mills) was stable in 2002.

            Added value in the Paper Merchanting Division decreased by 2.9% to €461 million in 2002 from €475 million in 2001. Measured at constant exchange rates, the decline was 2.1%. This decrease was due to lower average paper prices while gross margins were slightly higher in 2002 compared to 2001. In order to improve profitability, the Division has initiated actions to address specific business areas that yield unsatisfactory returns. In addition, the strategy aimed at increasing the share of paper sales under Buhrmann's group brands is contributing to maintaining or improving gross margins.

            Following the outcome of the annual goodwill impairment test, an impairment of €26 million was recorded in 2002. In 2001, no goodwill impairment was recorded. Amortization of goodwill was stable at €4 million in 2002 and €3 million in 2001.

            Operating result was negatively affected by lower added value whereas labor and other operating costs were comparable with 2001 as savings achieved through controlling internal costs and modest headcount reduction programs were more or less offset by cost inflation.

89


Corporate

            Corporate net operating expenses not allocated to the Divisions were €16 million in 2002 and €18 million in 2001. In 2002, some incidental gains such as insurance benefits and some property gains were recorded.

            Amortization cost of goodwill not allocated to the Divisions was €4 million in 2002 and €3 million in 2001.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

            Buhrmann's liquidity requirements arise primarily from the need to fund the expansion of its business, working capital requirements, capital expenditure and restructuring. Our primary source of liquidity is cash generated from operations. The following table sets forth cash flow movements for the periods indicated:

 
   Three Months ended March 31,
   Twelve Months ended December 31,
  
 
   2004
   2003
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions)

  
Net cash provided by operating activities   € (1 ) € 83   € 272   € 258   € 469  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     (27 )   (25 )   544     (138 )   (766 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Available cash flow     (27 )   58     816     120     (297 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities     (9 )   (12 )   (681 )   (208 )   420  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash flow   € (36 ) € 46   € 135   € (88 ) € 123  
   
 
 
 
 
 

            Net cash from operating activities was €1 million negative in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €83 million in the first quarter of 2003, a decrease of €84 million.

            A €66 million lower operating result adjusted for non-cash items (depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software, amortization and impairment of goodwill, additions to provisions and other financial income), higher working capital levels of €41 million, and higher profit tax payments of €1 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003, were partly offset by lower interest payments of €17.4 million.

            Working capital (four quarter rolling average) as a percentage of sales improved to 10.1% on a comparable basis, excluding the Paper Merchanting Division, from 11.1% in the first quarter of 2003. The €41 million increase in working capital was mainly due to the seasonal decrease in trade creditors. The reduction in average working capital is attributable to ongoing management efforts and has been realised across the company.

            Interest payments were lower in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003 as a result of lower average interest bearing debt due to early repayments, especially from the proceeds of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division as well as the positive cash flow from operations.

            Cash flow from operating activities in the first quarter of 2003 includes a receipt of €79 million of indemnities resulting from the arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail.

            Operating result in the first quarter of 2004 was lower than in the first quarter of 2003 mainly due to lower sales levels as explained under "Results of operations—quarter ended March 31, 2004 compared to quarter ended March 31, 2003" above.

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            Profit tax payments were higher in the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2003 due to higher taxable income in certain countries where no loss carry-forwards exist.

            Net cash from operating activities was €272 million in 2003 compared to €258 million in 2002, an increase of €14 million.

            Lower working capital levels of €29 million and lower interest payments of €50 million caused an increase in cash flow from operating activities in 2003 compared to 2002 which was offset by a €58 million lower operating result adjusted for non-cash items (depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software, amortization and impairment of goodwill, additions to provisions and other financial income) and higher profit tax payments of €6 million in 2003 compared to 2002.

            Average working capital as a percentage of net sales decreased further from 12.9% in 2002 to 12.4% in 2003.

            Interest payments were lower in 2003 compared to 2002 as a result of lower average interest bearing debt due to early repayments, especially from the proceeds of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division as well as the positive cash flow from operations.

            Cash flow from operating activities in 2003 includes a receipt of €79 million of indemnities resulting from the arbitration proceedings against the French company Ipfo Bail.

            Operating result in 2003 was lower than in 2002 mainly due to lower sales levels as explained under "Results of operations—year ended December 31, 2003 compared to year ended December 31, 2002" above.

            Profit tax payments were higher in 2003 compared to 2002 due to higher taxable income in certain countries where no loss carry-forwards exist.

            Cash flow from operating activities includes €50 million of cash expenditure in 2003 and €29 million in 2002 relating to cost saving restructuring measures. In 2004, Buhrmann expects to pay the remaining liability of €42 million in connection with these cost saving restructuring measures.

            Net cash provided by investing activities was €27 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €25 million in the first quarter of 2003.

            Available cash flow amounted to €27 million negative in the first quarter (2003: €58.0 million positive, including €79 million of exceptional items), reflecting the seasonal outflow of working capital.

            Net cash from investing activities was €544 million positive in 2003 compared to €138 million negative in 2002.

            Capital expenditure amounted to €79 million in 2003 compared to €107 million in 2002. Buhrmann expects to incur a level of capital expenditure over the next few years of approximately €90 million per year, subject to unforeseen circumstances. A significant portion of our capital expenditure represents the development of information technology, eCommerce and logistics systems. Buhrmann is committed to investing further in these systems.

            Divestment proceeds in 2003 were €645 million compared to €68 million in 2002. Divestment proceeds in 2003 consist of the proceeds from the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division (€637 million) and the sale of the assets of DocVision B.V. (€8 million). In 2002, divestment proceeds includes an early redemption of loan notes which Buhrmann received as part of the consideration for the sale of the Information Systems Division in 2000.

91


            Payments for integration of acquisitions amounted to €8 million in 2003 compared to €90 million in 2002. These payments relate predominantly to the integration of the acquired Samas and USOP businesses.

            The resulting available cash flow operations after giving effect to investment activities was €816 million in 2003 compared to €120 million in 2002.

            Net cash used in financing activities was €9 million in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €12 million in the first quarter of 2003. Interest-bearing net debt increased by almost 7% to €893 million from €836 million at year-end 2003. The €57 million increase in the first quarter is due to the cash outflow mentioned above and the increase of the first quarter period-end exchange rate of the U.S. dollar versus the euro.

            The resulting net cash flow was €36 million negative in the first quarter of 2004 compared to €46 million positive in the first quarter of 2003 which was reflected in the movements in our cash position.

            Net cash used in financing activities was €681 million in 2003 compared to €208 million in 2002.

            Total net repayment of long-term debt was €600 million in 2003 and €162 million in 2002. In 2003, early repayments were mostly funded out of the proceeds of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division supplemented by cash flows from operations. Total net repayments in 2002 includes €71 million funded out of the proceeds of the aforementioned early redemption of loan notes and a voluntary repayment of €100 million out of other positive available cash flow. In December 2003, Buhrmann placed its €115 million Convertible Subordinated Bond and entered into the Senior Credit Facility which together replaced the former senior credit facility.

            The financing fees and related advisory costs paid for the issue of the Convertible Subordinated Bonds and the entering into the Senior Credit Facility amounted to €25 million. As a result of the repayment of long-term debt, some interest rate swaps were settled, in accordance with Buhrmann's policy on hedging for interest rate risks, which resulted in a cash outflow of €40 million in 2003. The remaining forward foreign exchange- and interest rate swap contracts had an estimated negative market value of €10 million at December 31, 2003 which will result in cash outflows in the coming years.

            In 2003, Buhrmann paid cash dividends on its Preference Shares A of €11 million. The cash dividend for the year 2003, payable in 2004, on Preference Shares A is also €11 million. The dividend on Preference Shares C for 2002 and 2003 was paid entirely in additional Preference Shares C. The dividend on Ordinary Shares for 2002 which was €0.07 per share was paid in additional Ordinary Shares whereby shareholders had the option to receive the equivalent in cash. The dividend on Ordinary Shares for 2003 was also €0.07 per Ordinary which was paid out entirely in additional Ordinary Shares.

            The resulting net cash flow was €135 million positive in 2003 compared to €88 million negative in 2002 which was reflected in the movements in net liquid funds.

Capital Resources

            Our cash requirements for needs in excess of cash generated by operations are largely funded by borrowings under arrangements with commercial banks and debt raised in the capital markets.

            Buhrmann incurred substantial indebtedness in connection with the acquisition of Corporate Express in October 1999 which was partly funded through a senior credit facility and the issuance of the 2009 Notes. After the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, the original senior credit facility was replaced with the Senior Credit Facility in December 2003. In addition to the new Senior Credit

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Facility, Buhrmann issued its €115 million Subordinated Convertible Bond in December 2003 with listing on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Buhrmann also has an Accounts Receivable Securitization Program under which funds are raised by pledging accounts receivable from subsidiaries in the Netherlands and the US as security for short-term and medium-term borrowings. For a detailed description of our significant financing arrangements, see the section entitled "Description of Certain Indebtedness."

            As at December 31, 2003, after giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions (based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes tendered as of June 30, 2004), Buhrmann is required to make the following scheduled debt payments:

(in millions)
   2004
   2005
   2006
   2007
   2008
   >2008
   TOTAL
Term Loan A   € 8   € 16   € 16   € 26   € 26   € 27   € 120
Term Loan C     5     5     5     5     5     437     460
Senior Subordinated Notes     —     —     —     —     —     119     119
Convertible Subordinated Bond     —     —     —     —     —     115     115
2009 Notes     —     —     —     —     —     36     36
Account receivables securitization     —     —     —     79     —     —     79
Overdrafts + Others     21     15     —     —     —     3     39
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total debt   € 33   € 36   € 21   € 110   € 31   € 737   € 968
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

            Buhrmann has entered into a series of interest rate hedging agreements, the purpose of which is to limit Buhrmann's interest cost with respect to its long-term debt, of which 58% was issued at variable interest rates and 42% at fixed interest rates at December 31, 2003. The principal hedging agreements are a series of interest rate swaps (in euro and U.S. dollars) with a total principal of €238 million at December 31, 2003 for appropriate maturities. These swaps adjusted the interest rate profile of the long-term debt at December 31, 2003 to 67% fixed and 33% variable. For more information about our hedging policies and interest rate swaps, see "—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk."

            Buhrmann also purchases various financial instruments and enters into certain agreements in the ordinary course of business in order to hedge price and foreign currency risks arising from the purchase of raw materials and the sale of its products.

            Buhrmann US Inc. is the principal borrower under the Senior Credit Facility and the issuer of the Notes offered hereby for the Buhrmann Group. Proceeds from borrowings received by Buhrmann US Inc. are used to finance the Group.

Research and development

            Buhrmann's policy is to expense costs of research as incurred and to capitalize costs of development. Costs of research were insignificant in the years 2003, 2002 and 2001.

Inflation

            Cost inflation has been in line with the general economic conditions at around 2% in Buhrmann's primary US and European markets for each of the last three fiscal years.

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Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities, Commitments and Guarantees

            The table below presents our on- and off balance sheet contractual cash obligations after giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions as at December 31, 2003 (in millions).

 
   Payments due by period
 
   Total
   Less than 1
year
   1-3 years
   3-5 years
   More than
5 years
Total gross borrowings and interest   € 1,238   € 80   € 270   € 170   € 718
Rent and operating leases     436     85     123     93     135
Repurchase guarantees     64     20     27     13     4
Other contractual obligations and guarantees     24     22     2     —     —
   
 
 
 
 
Total contractual cash obligations     €1,762     €207     €422     €276     €857
   
 
 
 
 

            Total gross borrowings at December 31, 2003, after giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions were €968 million in total (based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes tendered as of June 30, 2004) which is further detailed under "Description of Certain Indebtedness" above. Interest included in the table above does not include the effect of interest rate swaps which are described under off balance sheet arrangements below.

            Rent and Operating Leases of €436 million in total at December 31, 2003 are primarily related to distribution facilities and offices that the Company leases under non-cancellable operating leases. The amounts are the nominal value of future lease payments are netted for sub-leases.

            Repurchase guarantees of €64 million in total at December 31, 2003 mainly relate to repurchase guarantees concerning graphic machines sold to customers and financed by external financing companies. Should the customer be declared in default, the respective financing company has a right of recourse against Buhrmann, which, in general, will be lower than market value. The amount included in the table is the maximum exposure under these guarantees.

            Other contractual obligations and guarantees include investment commitments relating to expenditure on projects, such as the development of information technology systems.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

            On October 28, 1999, Buhrmann entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with affiliates of Apollo and affiliates of Bain for the purchase of 35,000 of Buhrmann Preference Shares C. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, Apollo and Bain have certain rights, among which is the right to convert the Preference Shares C into Ordinary Shares at a certain conversion price and the right in case of a change in control to request that Buhrmann cancel or repurchase the Preference Shares C. Buhrmann has the right to cancel or repurchase all outstanding Preference Shares C if certain conditions are met. Certain of the material rights of Apollo and Bain which exist under the Stock Purchase Agreement are summarized in the section entitled "Related Party Transactions."

            Buhrmann's operating companies in Europe offer a variety of defined benefit plans, in addition to Government schemes, as part of the remuneration package. In countries like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, the defined benefit plans are separated from Buhrmann in pension funds to which Buhrmann makes contributions. For its employees in the United States, Buhrmann sponsors several defined contribution plans and a defined benefit plan with a relatively small number of participants.

            Buhrmann has commitments to purchasers of divested businesses with respect to indemnifications and representations and warranties. These commitments include indemnifications for

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the imposition of additional taxes upon the divested company and/or the purchaser over the period before the divestment. For these indemnification and warranty commitments, a provision of €35 million is included in the consolidate balance sheet at December 31, 2003. This provision is calculated based on the expected payments to be made under these indemnification and warranty commitments.

            In connection with the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, or the Program, Buhrmann has entered into agreements pursuant to which Buhrmann has agreed to guarantee the performance of the Dutch and U.S. Originators and the Servicers (including compliance with the terms of the documentation under the Program relating to selection and servicing of receivables). However, Buhrmann does not guarantee payment on any accounts receivable sold to the Master Purchasers in accordance with the documentation under the Program nor does Buhrmann guarantee repayment of the Notes. Buhrmann's obligations under the guarantees issued in connection with the Program are not quantifiable and are contingent in nature. The transactions in the Program are described in the section entitled "Description of Certain Indebtedness—Accounts Receivable Securitization Program."

            Buhrmann has entered into a number of forward foreign exchange and currency swap contracts and interest rate swap contracts which had an estimated negative market value of €10 million at December 31, 2003. The estimated market value of the outstanding forward foreign exchange and currency swap contracts and interest rate swap contracts indicates how much Buhrmann would have to pay as per the balance sheet date in exchange for termination of these contracts without further commitments.

            Buhrmann has issued certain performance guarantees, usually in the form of standby letters of credit, to an estimated maximum amount of €10 million at December 31, 2003. The major part of these guarantees expire latest on December 31, 2004.

Variable Interest Entities

            FASB Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46) "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" requires certain disclosures of variable interest entities and, as of January 1, 2003, the consolidation of certain of these variable interest entities under U.S. GAAP, see "New Accounting Pronouncement" below.

            Based on a preliminary review, Buhrmann has determined that at December 31, 2003 it had a variable interest in Silver Securitisation B.V., Rheingold no 11 Ltd and Silver Funding Ltd, as described under "Accounts Receivable Securitization Program" above. The consolidation under U.S. GAAP of these variable interest entities would not have had a material impact on net result or Group equity.

New Accounting Pronouncements

            In December 2003, new Guidelines for Annual Reporting applicable in the Netherlands were issued, most of which became effective January 1, 2004. Under the new Guidelines, in addition to more extensive disclosure requirements, the most important accounting changes that might have an impact on Buhrmann's consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows as of January 1, 2004 are the following:

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            Buhrmann is currently reviewing the impact of these new Guidelines on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

            Furthermore, a new guideline regarding Employee Benefits (RJ 271) was released which contains clarifications and changes for accounting of, among others, defined benefit plans. This guideline is based on IAS 19 as part of the convergence project between Dutch GAAP and IFRS. This guideline is not mandatory until January 1, 2005. Buhrmann will not implement this guideline before January 1, 2005.

            In November 2002, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, "Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables." EITF 00-21 addresses the issues of (1) how to determine whether an arrangement with multiple deliverables consists of more than one unit of accounting and (2) if an arrangement consists of more than one unit of accounting, how the arrangement consideration should be allocated among the separate units of accounting. EITF 00-21 does not change otherwise applicable revenue recognition criteria. For Buhrmann, EITF 00-21 is effective as of January 1, 2004. Buhrmann is currently reviewing the impact that adoption of EITF 00-21 will have on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

            In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51. FIN 46 requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. For variable interest entities created or acquired on or after January 31, 2003, FIN 46 was effective immediately. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, FIN 46 is effective for Buhrmann's 2004 Consolidated Financial Statements. The disclosures requirements of FIN 46 are effective for Buhrmann's 2003 Consolidated Financial Statements for all variable interests which are within the scope of FIN 46. In December 2003 the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 R, or FIN 46R, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (Revised)." FIN 46R modifies the scope exceptions provided in FIN 46. As of the end of the first interim or annual reporting period ending after March 15, 2004, the provisions of FIN 46R replace the provisions of FIN 46 for all variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. Buhrmann currently does not expect that FIN 46 or FIN46R will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

            In December 2003, the FASB issued revised SFAS No. 132, "Employers' Disclosure about Pensions and Other Post Retirement Benefits an amendment of FASB Statement No. 87, 88 and 106." The revision of SFAS No. 132 does not change the measurement or recognition of post retirement benefit plans required by SFAS No. 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions," SFAS No. 88, "Employers' Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits" and SFAS No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions." This statement retains the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 132, which it replaces. It requires additional disclosures about plan assets, investment strategy, measurement dates, plan obligations of defined benefit pension plans and other defined benefit postretirement plans. Buhrmann has adopted the effective provisions of SFAS No. 132 (revised) for its 2003 Consolidated Financial Statements and will adopt the remaining provisions for its 2004 Consolidated Financial Statements.

            From January 1, 2005, all European publicly listed companies are required to report on the basis of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In 2003, Buhrmann has started preparations for the transition in 2003, aiming to begin external reporting on the basis of IFRS from the 2005 reporting periods onwards. If changes in our Dutch GAAP based accounting principles need to be made in the

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period ahead, we aim to align as much as possible to the accounting principles as expected under IFRS. Although still some of the accounting standards under IFRS are not yet finalized, it is expected that our reporting will be influenced especially in the areas of pensions, goodwill and financial instruments including equity components such as preference shares and options. At December 31, 2003 no firm indications of the full effects on the reported performance can be provided.

Recent developments

            On June 3, 2004 the Issuer announced a tender offer with respect to all of its $350 million Notes. The tender offer closed on June 30, 2004 and settlement was effected on July 1, 2004.

            The tender offer comprised a total consideration of approximately $1,095.60 per $1,000 principal amount of 2009 Notes. The total consideration included a consent payment equal to $10 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2009 Notes purchased. In addition, the Issuer paid the noteholders accrued interest to but excluding the settlement date of the tender offer. As of the close of the tender offer on June 30, 2004, approximately 87% of the outstanding 2009 Notes had been tendered.

Trend information

            While market conditions in North America are slowly improving, trading conditions in most of our major markets in Europe remain difficult. Corporate Express Australia continues its strong sales and earnings performance.

            Measures to enhance added-value margins, improve productivity, and reduce costs are yielding positive results. Going forward, we anticipate a growing proportion of higher margin private brand sales and volume growth from product lines that have recently been added to our offering.

            We believe that our ability to handle large order flows with our existing infrastructure will boost our earnings once business volumes increase. To achieve this we will focus even more strongly on marketing and sales initiatives.

            In addition, we expect that the refinancing of our debt portfolio will yield lower financing costs.

            We will continue to focus on cash generation and further debt reduction, maintaining a disciplined approach to working capital management. We expect available cash flow for the full year 2004 to be positive.

Exchange Controls

            There are currently no limitations under the laws of the Netherlands on the rights of non-residents to hold or vote ordinary shares of Buhrmann NV. Cash distributions, if any, payable in euros on ordinary shares may be officially transferred from the Netherlands and converted into any other currency without Dutch legal restrictions. However, for statistical purposes, any such payments and transactions which exceed EUR 10,000 must be reported to the Dutch Central Bank. In addition, no payments, including dividend payments, may be made to jurisdictions subject to certain sanctions, adopted by the government of the Netherlands, implementing resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations or regulations of the European Union.

Quantitative and Qualitiative Disclosures about Market Risk

            Buhrmann is exposed to financial market risks including changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates and availability of short-term liquidity. Our financial policies are designed to mitigate these risks by restricting the impact of interest and currency movements on our financial position while safeguarding an adequate liquidity profile.

            The financing policy aims to maintain a capital structure which enables us to achieve our Group strategic objectives and daily operational needs. The degree of flexibility of the capital structure

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including appropriate access to capital markets, the financing of working capital fluctuations and the costs of financing (optimal weighted average cost of capital) are factors taken into consideration. With respect to the level of debt financing, Buhrmann focuses on cash interest cover (operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software and before amortization and impairment of goodwill and exceptional items over cash interest) and the relationship between borrowings and total enterprise value ("market value based leverage"), which is calculated by using the market capitalization of equity and the nominal value of interest-bearing debt as the total enterprise value). The objective is to restrict the four quarterly rolling cash interest coverage to a minimum of 3 times and the market value based leverage over time to a maximum of 50%. In addition, consideration is given to the development of specific capital ratios, of which the leverage ratio (net interest-bearing debt over operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software and before amortization and impairment of goodwill and exceptional items) is the most relevant. The details on these ratios are given in the appropriate notes to the consolidated financial statements. Actual cash interest cover at December 31, 2003 was 2.2, which is below our minimum target level of 3, and market value based leverage was 36%. Both the debt reduction and the refinancing carried out in 2003 are expected to have a positive effect on the financial ratios.

            The interest policy is designed to restrict the short-term impact of fluctuations in interest rates while keeping the interest burden as low as possible. Interest hedging instruments are used to adjust the fixed interest or floating interest nature of the financing towards the required profile.

            External interest-bearing debt after currency hedging is distributed primarily among the main currencies (i.e., U.S. dollar and euro) on the basis of anticipated operating profit before amortization and impairment of goodwill and excluding exceptional items. The remaining translation risk is not covered. At December 31, 2003, the actual split of the external debt (after currency hedges) is 73% in U.S. dollar, 24% in euro and 3% in other currencies.

            Regarding currency risk exposure on trading transactions, it is the policy to cover these risks on a transaction basis as much as possible to protect the operational margins in local currency terms. Currency forward contracts with terms up to one year are used to cover these risks. The occurrence of these exposures is relatively low as most purchases and sales are conducted at a local level.

            Financial instruments such as currency and interest swaps are used only to hedge against financial market risks. No speculative positions are entered into. Financial instruments are primarily dealt with third parties by Buhrmann NV, Buhrmann US, Inc. and Buhrmann Europcenter NV. These entities also act as the main financing companies for the Group. In addition an Accounts Receivable Securitisation Program is being run using Buhrmann Silver SA and Buhrmann Silver US LLC as financing companies.

            The Treasury function does not operate under an own profit objective but it pursues benefits of scale and efficiency as well as provides in-house services in the area of financial logistics. Cash and third-party debt is concentrated in the main financing companies to ensure maximum efficiency in meeting changing business needs, while local operations are largely financed by a mix of equity and long-term inter-company loans denominated in local currencies.

            The table below provides information about Buhrmann's debt obligations after giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related financing transactions (based on approximately 87% of the 2009 Notes tendered as of June 30, 2004) as of December 31, 2003. This table provides information about the cash flows, fair value, weighted average interest rate, maturity and contract terms of Buhrmann's debt which includes both variable and fixed rate debt. Foreign currencies have been translated at the applicable euro rates at December 31, 2003.

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            For cash, accounts receivable, other short-term assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other short-term liabilities, the carrying value of these financial instruments approximates their fair value owing to the short-term maturities of these assets and liabilities.

 
   2004
   2005
   2006
   2007
   >2007
   Total
   Fair
Value
 
   (in millions)
Fixed rate debt:                                          
Senior Subordinated Notes   €     €     €     €       119     119     119
  Interest rate                             8.25 %          
Subordinated Convertible Bonds                             115     115     121
  Interest rate                             2.00 %          
2009 Notes                             36     36     40
  Interest rate                             12.25 %          
Other                             3     3     3
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total fixed rate debt   € —   € —   € —   € —   € 273   € 273   € 283
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate debt:                                          
Account receivables securitization     —     —     —     79     —     79     79
Term Loan A     8     16     16     26     53     120     120
Term Loan C     5     5     5     5     442     460     460
Overdrafts & Others     21     15     —     —     —     36     36
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total variable rate debt   € 33   € 36   € 21   € 110   € 495   € 695   € 695
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total debt   € 33   € 36   € 21   € 110   € 768   € 965   € 978
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

            The fair values of Buhrmann's fixed rate loans have been estimated based on applicable market interest rates available to Buhrmann for instruments of a similar nature and maturity. The fair value of variable rate debt approximates the carrying value.

            Buhrmann's policy is to incur a certain minimum level of fixed rate debt in relation to the interest cover. Interest rate swaps are used to adjust the interest profile of the loans towards the desired position, in order to achieve the hedging as per policy. Buhrmann currently aims to have at least 75% of the interest rate fixed, given the present level of interest cover. Actual fixed % was 67% at December 31, 2003.

            The average blended effective interest rate (including margin, currency and hedging effects) was approximately 9.1% in 2003.

 
   IRS in €; Buhrmann pays fixed and receives 3 month LIBOR:
  
Maturity
   Notional amount
   Average interest rate in %
   Fair value
  
 
   (in millions)

    
   (in millions)

  
< 1 year   150   4.80   (3.7 )
   
     
 
Subtotal A   150       (3.7 )
   
     
 

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   IRS in $; Buhrmann pays fixed and receives 3 month LIBOR:
  
Maturity
   Notional amount
   Average interest rate in %
   Fair value
  
 
   (in millions)

    
   (in millions)

  
< 1 year   139   1.88   (0.5 )
< 2 years   139   2.33   (0.3 )
< 3 years   40   2.74   0.0  
< 5 years   59   5.64   (5.3 )
   
     
 
Subtotal B   376       (6.0 )
   
     
 
Total A+B   526       (9.7 )
   
     
 

            Buhrmann's operations are conducted by entities in many countries and, accordingly, Buhrmann's results of operations are subject to currency translation risk and currency transaction risk. Currency instruments are used to hedge against exchange rate risks resulting from business activities and financing arrangements in foreign currencies.

            Currency forward contracts with terms up to one year are used to cover exchange rate risks resulting from business activities. The policy is to cover these risks. Given the volatility of currency exchange rates, there can be no assurance that Buhrmann will be able to effectively manage its currency transaction risks or that any volatility in currency exchanges rates will not have a material adverse effect on Buhrmann's financial conditions or results of operations.

            Buhrmann generally attempts to cover a portion of its currency translation risk by financing its operations in subsidiaries through internal debt denominated in local currencies. In general, the remaining translation risk is not covered. This is based on the assumption that the investments in subsidiaries are long-term investments. However, this risk is monitored and reviewed periodically and if this risk is deemed to be too high, Buhrmann will consider hedges against this risk wherever possible. The economic currency risk is limited, as operating companies generally operate on local markets with local competitors.

Contract
   Maturity
   Weighted average
contractual exchange
rate
   Notional amount
   Market value
  
 
    
    
   (in millions)

  
Buy GBP/sell €   < 1 year   0.71   € 12   € 0.0  
Buy €/sell Swedish Kronor   < 1 year   9.12     38     (0.2 )
Buy€/sell USD   < 1 year   1.25     27     0.3  
Buy €/sell GBP   < 1 year   1.42     2     0.0  
           
 
 
            € 79   € 0.1  
           
 
 

            The estimated market value of the outstanding currency and interest swap contracts indicates how much would be paid or received in exchange for termination of the contracts without further commitments as per the balance sheet date.

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BUSINESS

Company History

            Buhrmann was incorporated in 1875 under the name Koninklijke Nederlandsche Papierfabrieken N.V. (KNP). In 1993 KNP merged with Buhrmann-Tetterode N.V. and VRG-Groep N.V., forming N.V. Koninklijke KNP BT (KNP BT). KNP BT was active in three main areas: paper manufacturing, packaging, and business services and distribution. In 1997 and early 1998, certain strategic decisions were made concerning the future of KNP BT. As a result in April 1997, the protective and flexible packaging activities of KNP BT were divested for €454 million to Tenneco, Inc. and in December 1997, the paper manufacturing subsidiary, KNP LEYKAM, was sold to Sappi Ltd. (Sappi), a South African paper group. In consideration for the sale of KNP LEYKAM, KNP BT received €335 million in the form of loan notes (sold immediately following the closing for €307 million in cash) and 44.6 million shares in Sappi. Buhrmann sold these shares in two tranches; 31.5 million as part of a global offering by Sappi in November 1999 and in February 2001 the remaining 13.1 million. The remainder of KNP BT's packaging business was sold in June 1998 for €1.4 billion to CVC and Cinven, two venture capital groups.

            In August 1998, KNP BT was renamed Buhrmann NV, which can be regarded as the continuation of KNP BT's business services and distribution activities.

            On October 28, 1999, Buhrmann acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Corporate Express Inc., a global supplier of office and computer supplies, office furniture, imaging and computer graphic supplies and computer desktop software. The acquisition and the related refinancing costs amounted to approximately $2.9 billion, raised by means of the Senior Credit Facility in the amount of $1.9 billion, the issue of the $350 million 2009 Note, the issue of Preference Shares C in the amount of $350 million and €300 million newly issued Buhrmann Ordinary Shares.

            In the first half of 2000, Buhrmann divested its Information Systems Division (comprising value added resellers of personal computers, computer networks, peripheral equipment and related services, as well as an information technology training business), which was no longer considered a core business.

            In April 2001, the office supplies division of Samas was acquired for €321 million in cash and in May 2001 the North American office products business of U.S. Office Products Company (USOP) was acquired for $172 million in cash. The Samas and USOP acquisitions were financed partly by means of additional debt under the Senior Credit Facility and partly by means of an issue of Buhrmann Ordinary Shares in March 2001 which raised €665 million, net of expenses. A precondition for approval by the European Commission of the acquisition of the Samas office supplies division was the sale of the office products division of Buhrmann's then existing Dutch office products subsidiary. This sale was effected in November 2001.

            In September 2001, Buhrmann listed American Depository Shares (ADSs), representing its Ordinary Shares, on the New York Stock Exchange. The ADSs are quoted under the symbol "BUH." The ADSs, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), each represent one Ordinary Share of Buhrmann NV Buhrmann's primary listing of Ordinary Shares remains at euronext N.V. in Amsterdam, quoted under the symbol "BUHR".

            With effect from October 31, 2003, Buhrmann completed the sale of its Paper Merchanting Division to PaperlinX Limited, an Australian-based paper manufacturer. The Division was sold on a debt-free and cash-free basis for a base cash consideration of €706 million. The sale resulted in a net consideration of €637 million after deduction of estimated debt and cash and net asset value adjustments. The net consideration from the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division was used to reduce the Company's indebtedness by approximately €600 million. The remainder was used to pay various costs related to the transaction.

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            In December, 2003, Buhrmann completed the issuance of its €115 million Subordinated Convertible Bond and entered into the Senior Credit Facility in the amount of up to €730 million. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Subordinated Convertible Bond and the Senior Secured Credit Facility were used to reduce the Company's debt under the previous senior credit facility, which was entered into in 1999 when Corporate Express Inc. was acquired.

            The legal name of the Company is Buhrmann NV (Naamloze Vennootschap). It is incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands and has its statutory seat in Maastricht (the Netherlands). Buhrmann's Corporate Head Office is located at, and its registered office address is, Hoogoorddreef 62, 1101 BE Amsterdam ZO, the Netherlands. Our telephone number is +31 20 651 1111, and our website is www.buhrmann.com. Information included on our website does not form part of this prospectus. Our agent in the United States for service of process in connection with the Notes offered hereby is CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10011.

            The Issuer, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Buhrmann NV, is a holding company of certain North American subsidiaries of the Group. In addition, it operates primarily as a financing subsidiary for the Group on a global level. It does not conduct any ordinary business operations.

Business Overview

            Buhrmann is an international business-to-business services and distribution group, supplying office products and graphic systems and related services for the business market. A combination of modern Internet technology and advanced logistic processes allows Buhrmann to distribute its products in an efficient way. Internet sales account for a growing proportion of the Company's total sales.

            We believe we are a market leader based on revenue, in the business-to-business market for office products in North America and Australia. We operate in these markets under the name Corporate Express. In Europe, we believe that Corporate Express is one of the market leaders, based on revenue. Furthermore, we believe that we are one of the largest independent distributors of graphic systems in Europe, based on revenue.

            Buhrmann generated sales in 2003 of €5.8 billion, excluding the divested Paper Merchanting Division. At the end of 2003, Buhrmann had approximately 18,000 employees in 18 countries after the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division.

            Buhrmann believes that it is one of the world leaders in the sale, distribution and service of office and computer products to the business market, based on revenue. Products of this type are ideally suited for Internet selling. The vast majority of Buhrmann's customers have Internet access. Orders can be placed more easily, efficiently and accurately via the Internet than using traditional methods such as telephone or fax where there is a greater risk of incorrect data input. The costs are also lower as the process circumvents a number of administrative tasks. Customers place e-commerce orders by accessing a web site. Buhrmann arranges next-day on-site delivery. Due to the geographical spread of its activities, Buhrmann is able to offer a high level of service to companies operating on a worldwide basis.

            Buhrmann's graphic systems business is active in six European countries, supplying graphic machines, materials and related services to the graphic industry. Buhrmann is an agent for Heidelberg.

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In addition to the well-known Heidelberg presses, Buhrmann sells pre-press systems, cutting, folding and binding equipment and also supplies consumables, such as ink and spare parts.

Business strategy

            We continue to focus on growth in our existing businesses through the consolidation of our leadership in the large account segment, the penetration of the mid-market segment, the introduction of our private label product ranges and the extension of our product range across all our geographic markets. We may support the growth in our existing businesses with selective acquisitions. Over the past five years we have demonstrated the flexible and efficient nature of our business model through the successful integration of three significant acquisitions (namely Corporate Express, the office products businesses of US Office Products Company (USOP) and the office products division of Samas Groep NV (Samas)) as well as a number of smaller acquisitions. Following up on these successful experiences, Buhrmann intends to pursue this balanced strategy.

            Buhrmann intends to increase sales through continued emphasis on service quality across all of its business segments. Buhrmann believes that, in its Office Products business segment, service quality (for example fill rates, lead time, delivery reliability and a high degree of customization of ordering processes through adaptive information technology solutions) and the ability to provide a breadth of product offerings in a large number of markets are the key criteria that its customers consider when selecting preferred suppliers. Buhrmann believes that it will further strengthen its position as a preferred supplier to corporations in America, Europe and Australia, and to governments and semi- governmental entities in these regions, as these entities increasingly demand single-source suppliers for their global office product needs. Furthermore, Buhrmann is also stepping up efforts to reach out to small- and medium-sized office supplies customers who can benefit from a total supply solution. Buhrmann can help these customers fulfil their sourcing needs in addition to lowering their overall supply chain costs.

            In our core Office Products business segment aimed at strategic and large accounts, we will continue to consolidate our prominent market positions, while increasing our global contract business through which we provide office products sourcing coverage for global customers who operate in our North American, European and Australian and New Zealand markets.

            By further leveraging its distribution network through product range extensions including print (forms), promotional items, facility, break room and safety supplies, Buhrmann has expanded its product-line. We will continue to focus on broadening our product line in order to further increase growth in our existing business.

            We believe that in our major geographical markets the strategic and large-accounts market segment represents approximately 80% of our total sales. Small- and medium-sized companies account for the remainder of our total office product sales. We seek to increase sales to small- and medium-sized companies with a goal of increasing our overall customer base across different market segments and utilise more fully the capacity of our distribution infrastructure.

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            Buhrmann has also successfully introduced private brand product ranges, of which the "Corporate Express" brand name is the most important. The extension of the private brand range has positively impacted gross margins and operational profitability and it represents a profit growth opportunity which Buhrmann will continue to exploit.

            Buhrmann has identified opportunities to improve the operating margins in each of its business segments. In the Office Products Divisions, Buhrmann will try to improve operating margins by (i) engaging in targeted marketing programs to increase sales of value-added products that carry higher margins, (ii) eliminating unprofitable product lines and (iii) centralizing or regionalizing certain administrative and operational functions. In the Graphic Systems Division, Buhrmann will continue to develop its services, supplies and spare parts (which we call the 3 S's) in order to reduce the effect of cyclicality of equipment sales on the operating margin of this Division.

Risks associated with our strategy

            You should also consider the risks we face that could limit our ability to implement our business strategies, including:


            In addition, while we may implement individual elements of our strategies, the benefits derived from such implementation may be mitigated in part, or in whole, if we suffer from one or more of the risks described in this Prospectus. As a result of these or other risks, we may decide to alter or discontinue aspects of our strategy and may adopt alternative or additional strategies. Any failure to successfully implement our strategies could adversely affect our business, results of operation or financial condition. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."

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Industry Trends

            Our customers are increasingly concentrating their purchase volumes of office products or related products, while the customers expect delivery and services rendered to multiple locations. In addition, customers concentrate on their key processes, while they outsource non-strategic tasks. We believe this trend has contributed to the formation of our global office products business.

            In order to service our customers, extensive logistical, sales and information technology infrastructure is required. In addition, purchasing volumes determine largely how attractive products can be sourced. These factors underlie the economies of scale of our business model, hence the trend in our industry for the formation of larger entities in Office Products.

            Due to the low value per order, high order volume, dispersed ordering points at our customers, extensive assortments and relatively high administrative costs, our business model is suitable for eCommerce developments. This has resulted in significant growth of volumes sold over the Internet.

            Notwithstanding the importance of attractive pricing and ease of ordering, service in terms of quick and complete delivery is essential in our industry.

            The seasonality of sales in the Office Products business segment is limited as sales primarily relate to employees at work in the office. Therefore, sales in this segment are spread more or less in accordance with the effective working days in a quarter. Discretionary items such as software or furniture are typically negotiated at month or quarter ends. In the Graphic Systems Division, historically, most printing presses are sold in the last quarter of the fiscal year.


DIVISIONAL OVERVIEW

            Buhrmann's business activities are organized into four divisions. These are the three Office Products Divisions of North America, Europe and Australia and the Graphic Systems Division. For reporting purposes, the Office Products Europe Division and Office Products Australia Division are combined. Therefore, both of them are addressed together in this section.

Office Products North America

            Key figures (in millions of euro, except number of employees)

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
Net sales   3,939   4,931   5,221
Operating Result   115   (273 ) 194
Number of employees at year-end   10,775   12,211   14,240

            We believe our Office Products North America Division is a market leader, based on revenue, in the business-to-business market for office products and related services in the United States and

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Canada its Office Products business operates under the name Corporate Express (Corporate Express North America). Corporate Express North America manages a dynamic assortment of about 50,000 items. Its product range encompasses office products, computer and imaging supplies, furniture, promotional marketing products, forms management services, and, increasingly in 2002 and 2003, facility, break room and safety supplies. Corporate Express North America has over 175 office product locations and approximately 1,400 dedicated delivery vehicles which helps provide customers with next business day delivery services and has approximately 11,000 employees, including approximately 2,500 sales and marketing representatives. The Division's head office is located in Broomfield, Colorado. The Office Products North America Division also includes the specialty business ASAP Software Inc. (ASAP).

            Buhrmann believes that large companies are increasingly opting to use a single national supplier in order to consolidate purchasing power and eliminate the internal costs associated with multiple invoices, multiple deliveries, complex and varied ordering procedures, uneven service levels and inconsistent product availability. Many large companies operate from multiple locations and can benefit from selecting suppliers who can service them in many of their locations.

            The office products industry consists primarily of companies that operate in one or more of three broad sales channels: the contract stationer (or contract distribution) channel, the direct marketing channel and the retail channel. Contract distributors typically serve medium and large-size business customers through the use of a product catalogue and a direct sales organization and typically stock certain products in distribution centres and deliver these products to customers on the next business day. The major contract stationers carry a significant proportion of their merchandise in-stock, relying only upon wholesaler intermediaries for inventory backup and increased product breadth, while smaller contract distributors carry a much smaller portion of their merchandise in stock. Direct marketers of office products typically target small business customers and home offices. While their procurement and order fulfilment functions are similar to contract stationers, direct marketers rely almost exclusively on catalogues and other direct marketing programs, rather than direct sales forces, to sell their products, and generally use third parties to deliver products. Office product retailers typically serve smaller businesses, home offices and individual customers.

            The non-store business-to-business office product distribution industry in North America has been rapidly consolidating and undergoing other significant changes. As a result of this consolidation, the number of independent, mid-size office products contract distribution companies has declined significantly. Large companies (including Corporate Express North America) serving a broad range of customers have acquired many of these smaller businesses. As the office products industry continues to consolidate, Buhrmann believes that many of the remaining smaller office products distribution companies will be unable to compete effectively due, in part, to their inability to purchase products at favourable prices or provide all of the services customers require. Buhrmann expects that many of these independent businesses will be acquired by larger companies or will cease to operate. Medium- and large-size companies, the market segments in which Corporate Express North America operates, are increasingly opting to use a single national supplier. Central purchasing of office products (such as office supplies, computer supplies and office furniture) and services provides several advantages for customers. For example, a customer could take advantage of the economies of scale Corporate Express North America offers and achieve uniformity in its office products services and distribution company-wide while reducing its procurement process costs by dealing with one supplier and a uniform system.

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            In 2003, Corporate Express North America completed its restructuring program announced in December 2002. Increased efficiencies were realized by centralizing and right-sizing the operation. Back-office functions have been harmonized and were brought together to a large extent in one shared service centre. Since early 2003, an enterprise-wide information system has been fully deployed throughout the United States (except Alaska). Following the completion of this integration and restructuring Corporate Express North America will now be fully focused on driving growth in its existing businesses through a number of strategic initiatives.

            Corporate Express North America aims to consolidate its leading position in the strategic and large client segment which represents approximately 80% of sales. We believe the newly reorganized strategic sales organization should drive sales conversion, penetration and retention across product lines with large and strategic accounts. Additionally, Corporate Express North America will focus on growing sales in the small- and medium-sized enterprise market segment. The new approach will use database marketing techniques as part of an integrated sales effort utilizing direct sales, telemarketing sales, direct mail, email and other communication tools to optimise customer contacts.

            In addition, we aim to leverage our strong core distribution channel to extend Corporate Express North America's product range, with a particular focus on the facilities, break room and safety supplies market which we believe is significant in size.

            Corporate Express North America is also pursuing various global sourcing initiatives including forming partnerships with key suppliers on a global basis in order to maximize purchasing power and expanding the private brands, which should increase sourcing potential, brand awareness and customer loyalty while contribute to improving margins.

            Buhrmann has also become a significant provider of desktop software to organizations through its subsidiary ASAP. Together with its partners, ASAP helps its clients purchase, manage and deploy software solutions and volume licensing programmes. ASAP plans to expand by gaining market share in the segment of small-and medium-sized organizations and by penetrating new geographic markets, mostly in Europe. It will further enhance its strong technological position by integrating its systems into a single worldwide application, introducing an enhanced eBusiness capability into new markets, and expanding the scope of its offering of management tools for monitoring software installation, utilization and licensing.

            Corporate Express North America offers its customers a full range of office products, including:

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            The marketing strategy is designed to increase the customer base of medium and large-sized businesses and institutions by flexibly and responsively demonstrating to customers and potential customers that the total overall cost of managing their office products needs can be reduced by focusing on process alignment. Corporate Express North America works with customers to simplify and reduce the costs of the office product procurement process by providing services such as customized, sophisticated e-commerce procurement solutions.

            Corporate Express North America markets its products and services to customers using a centrally produced catalogue of its products and services. A large part of the products offered in these full-line catalogues are kept in stock at the distribution centres. Additionally, Corporate Express North America is linked electronically to certain suppliers so that items not in stock can be delivered to a customer on a next-day basis and the inventory levels of the customer can be managed better. In addition to the full-line catalogue, Corporate Express North America produces a substantial number of customized and promotional catalogues. Customers can also place orders through the Internet using E-Way, Corporate Express North America's full-line Internet ordering system.

            Corporate Express North America markets and sells its products and services to both contract and non-contract business customers through a network of national account managers servicing national accounts and local employee sales representatives. Contract customers enter into agreements setting prices for certain products over a particular time period. The primary responsibility and priority of the national account managers is to acquire, retain and increase sales of the wide array of products and services to large, multiple location customers.

            Account managers are assigned a list of prospective customers for whom the account manager takes responsibility in directing all marketing efforts. Additional responsibilities of the account managers include designing and implementing customized merchandise and service packages for each of their accounts as well as responding to all special service requests. A company-wide network of personnel and resources supports all account managers, including information technology resources. The local sales force is generally commission-based and is organized within each of the major customer segments with specialists in each of the product categories. In order to maximize the productivity as well as the product and service knowledge of the sales force, Corporate Express North America is focusing on expanding its national account customer base to increase the cross-selling opportunities among its various product lines and gaining share in the mid and small markets by structuring the sales force to reflect customer segmentation.

            Corporate Express North America receives approximately 50% of its office products orders through EDI systems and through E-Way, its electronic commerce ordering and fulfilment system, and the remaining amount of its orders by telephone, fax, mail-in purchase order and other traditional methods. After an order has been placed, picking documents are created for those items in stock and routed to the appropriate distribution centre for order fulfilment. At the same time, the EDI systems transmit those portions of the orders not in stock to the vendors and wholesalers. Corporate Express North America is able to acquire many items unavailable in their own inventory on the same day and to combine such items with the in-stock items to yield a first time fill rate in the United States exceeding 99%.

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            The Division's larger distribution centres typically have in stock over 10,000 SKUs of office supplies. The most popular items are contained in Corporate Express North America's catalogue available in both printed and electronic versions, providing a comprehensive selection of more than 13,000 items in the core categories of office and computer supplies. Corporate Express North America offers brands such as 3M, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard, as well as its own "Corporate Express" private label. A large majority of these items are maintained in inventory in the distribution centres. Corporate Express North America also has access, through EDI and other supplier ordering systems, to about 50,000 additional SKUs of office supplies, computer supplies and catalogue furniture from wholesalers and other suppliers, enabling it to provide its customers with immediate access to a broad range of products, including those not stocked at its facilities. Corporate Express North America provides a wide variety of customized value added services, such as customer specific electronic catalogues, which are designed to reduce the customer's total overall cost of managing its office products needs.

            Most of the distribution centres use bar coding, radio frequency and scanning technology to ensure accuracy and efficiency. After an order is picked and packed, conveyors and overhead scanning systems are utilized to route and manifest outgoing customers' deliveries. Significant detailed reporting is available to optimize warehouse productivity, inventory turns, SKU selection and to evaluate vendor performance.

            The distribution centres generally have a logistical reach of up to approximately four to five hours by truck in any direction and a combination of owned vehicles and third-party delivery services are used to deliver office products. Corporate Express North America typically operates from a single regional distribution centre that generally supports multiple distribution breakpoints and satellite sales offices. Generally, items stocked in these regional office products' distribution centres consist of the most commonly ordered items for which customers demand next day delivery.

            Corporate Express North America intends to continue to invest in enhanced warehouse and distribution technology in order to improve customer service capabilities. Technologies such as "pick-to-voice" (automated voice picking technology) in its distribution centres increase the group's ability to assemble multi-line orders accurately and efficiently. Another example is "RoadNet" for its vehicles, which directs deliveries in the timeliest manner. During 2002, two new technologically advanced distribution centres went on line in two of Corporate Express North America's biggest market areas-the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. In 2003, another state-of-the-art distribution centre was opened in Baltimore serving the Baltimore/Washington DC metropolitan area.

            Corporate Express North America purchases a large majority of the products in volume directly from manufacturers or major office products wholesalers, who deliver the merchandise to each of the distribution centres.

            To maximize its purchasing capabilities, Buhrmann's purchasing strategy has been to establish preferred relations with certain suppliers with whom it can capitalize on purchasing economies. This "preferred supplier" strategy creates advantageous pricing relationships and has led to competition among suppliers for inclusion in this group. To further maximize its purchasing power, Corporate Express North America has been consolidating, and will continue to consolidate, its purchases from key suppliers to increase its importance to those suppliers, including the sourcing of the office products sold under the private brand names of which "Corporate Express" is the most important. Additionally, Corporate Express North America has utilized, and will continue to utilize, the ability to further consolidate sourcing by combining with the European and Australian Office Products Divisions as part of the purchasing strategy.

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            Corporate Express operates in North America in a highly competitive environment. The primary competitive factors in the U.S. office products distribution industry are service, ability to customize supply chain efficiency and product offerings including price. The North American office products industry is estimated to be $100 billion to $120 billion, including retail.

            The principal competitors, varying in the different regions, are national office products distributors, traditional contract stationers, direct mail order companies, retail office products superstores and stationery stores. The target market is medium and large-sized businesses and other institutions. Buhrmann believes that existing customers and potential customers in this market prefer to deal with large value-added office products distributors, which can provide the lowest total overall cost of managing their office products needs, high levels of service, convenience and rapid delivery.

            The largest competitors are Boise Office Solutions, part of Boise Cascade Office Products Corporation, and the Business Services Divisions of Office Depot Inc. and Staples, Inc. These businesses, and many smaller office products distributors and other businesses penetrating the office products market, compete for and sell office products to many of the same kind of customers as Corporate Express. Buhrmann believes that Corporate Express competes favourably with these companies on the basis of its customized and value-added services and the breadth of its product offerings. On the other hand some of our main competitors have greater financial resources than Buhrmann and, particularly in the case of the retail office product superstores in the United States, significant name recognition.

            Corporate Express North America currently employs automated order entry, EDI, reporting and other information technology systems designed to decrease response times and error rates and improve customer service, and has several operating systems to enhance its operations. E-Way is the Internet on-line catalogue ordering system, which generates an increasing amount of fully automated orders thus reducing costs for both the customers and Corporate Express.

            This system is linked to the general order entry system, called ISIS. Key features of the ISIS system include the use of three-tier client server architecture that allows customers and suppliers to better communicate with Corporate Express, object oriented design techniques, and a relational database designed to handle customer inquiry, data warehouse, and management information applications.

            Through the implementation of these enhanced systems, Buhrmann plans to make the products and services available to a broader range of customers and to further personalize customer services and account information while lowering the customer's overall procurement cost.

            Corporate Express North America also provides the customers with billing and usage information in hard copy, magnetic tape, cartridge or diskette media, in each case designed to a particular customer's specifications. Customized cost centre billing allows a customer with this assistance to analyze and rationalize its ordering and usage of office supplies and to use such information for budgeting purposes.

            The information initiatives and administrative programs, together with the increased sales and purchasing power, are designed to decrease operating costs as a percentage of sales and increase operating profitability.

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Office Products Europe and Australia

            Key figures (in millions of euro, except number of employees)

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
Net sales   1,479   1,540   1,496
Operating result   (23 ) (75 ) 40
Number of employees at year-end   5,873   6,023   6,228

            The Office Products Europe Division, operating under the name Corporate Express (Corporate Express Europe), is a supplier and service provider of office supplies: stationery, office papers, information technology consumables, office furniture, presentation equipment, document printing equipment (including copiers, fax machines and printers), promotional products, telecommunications and facility management. Corporate Express Europe operates from 134 locations in Austria, Belgium, Germany, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and employs approximately 3,900 employees. In addition, Corporate Express Europe has partnerships in Norway, Finland, Switzerland, Denmark and Spain.

            Also operating under the name of Corporate Express is the Australian Office Products Division (Corporate Express Australia), covering both Australia and New Zealand. We believe that Corporate Express Australia is one of the largest providers of office products and related services in the region, based on revenue. Corporate Express Australia employs approximately 1,900 staff and services customers from 49 sales and distribution facilities located throughout Australia and New Zealand.

            The office products business in most major international markets is following similar trends to those seen in the United States in recent years. The industry in Europe is fragmented and is being consolidated by major office product distributors, including Corporate Express. As in the United States, large contract stationers are establishing customer relationships with medium and large corporations that are seeking to lower the cost of procurement for consumable office supplies. In the case of smaller customers, the direct marketing segment is developing in global markets, especially in Europe. The retail superstore concept in the United States is not as widely accepted in the other international markets, due to the high cost of real estate in major global markets and strong ties between small end-users and traditional small retail dealers. There is growing interest, particularly in European markets, in multinational relationships between large global corporations and the major contract stationers with international operations, such as Corporate Express. Increasingly, medium- and large-sized companies, the market segment in which Corporate Express Europe operates, are opting to use a single pan-European supplier. There are several advantages for customers which use central purchasing of office supplies, office furniture, machines and services. For example, a customer could take advantage of the economies of scale offered by Corporate Express Europe and achieve uniformity in its office products services and distribution company-wide while reducing procurement process costs by dealing with one supplier and system.

            Corporate Express Europe continues to harmonize its European business and operations and to integrate its international account management in order to strengthen its position as a full-service distributor of office products and related services to businesses and institutions in Europe. In 2003, Corporate Express Europe focused on cost savings and right-sizing the organization. Headcount was reduced and Corporate Express Europe continued to strengthen management and sales.

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            Corporate Express Europe will continue to focus on growth of its existing business. We believe Corporate Express Europe can leverage its strong infrastructure and information technology systems to enable it to offer its customers a superior office products procurement solution through a single source. We believe significant opportunities exist to allow Corporate Express Europe to gain market share in every national market in its current large-account customer base and the small- and medium-sized markets.

            Certain European functions, like purchasing, international account management, international product management and eCommerce management, will be centralized on a European level.

            Corporate Express Australia's growth strategy focuses on being the single- source provider of choice via expanding its product range and geographic coverage through continued acquisitions, to gain a larger share of its existing customers' business. In addition, Corporate Express Australia will increasingly aim to expand its customer base by focusing on the small- and medium-sized enterprise market segments.

            Corporate Express Europe offers its customers a full range of office products including office supplies (such as computer supplies, stationery and office paper), office furniture, copiers and office equipment. It also offers services relating to advertising specialty and promotional products and business (printing and distribution) forms. Corporate Express Europe increasingly acts as a single source supplier with print-forms, janitorial and catering products. Corporate Express Europe has approximately 5,000 to 6,000 SKUs of office supplies contained in its separate European country catalogues. It also has access, through its EDI and other ordering systems, to thousands of additional SKUs of office supplies, computer supplies and catalogue furniture from wholesalers and other suppliers, enabling Corporate Express Europe to provide its customers with immediate access to an increasing range of products. Corporate Express Europe has a strong private brand, "Corporate Express", which accounts for approximately 30% of its office supplies sales. Corporate Express Europe will seek to increase the percentage of office supplies sales attributable to the "Corporate Express" brand, through leveraging existing distribution networks, to a level of 50% over the next years.

            The Australian and New Zealand businesses also offer customers a comprehensive range of office supplies including computer supplies, stationery, information technology products, office furniture, print and forms management and promotional products. The private brand, "EXP" available throughout Australia and New Zealand, provides customers with high quality, cost saving product alternatives. The EXP private brand program continues to expand, developing the brand as an alternative to the higher cost original products.

            Products are marketed through a dedicated sales force in each national market which focuses on medium to large-size accounts using catalogues of the product and service offerings. Buhrmann works with customers to simplify and reduce the costs of the office product procurement process by providing services such as customized and tailored catalogues and electronic ordering and information systems. Buhrmann intends to make greater use of direct marketing, through eCommerce and telephone sales to small customers in an effort to reduce costs and to grow sales.

            Corporate Express Europe markets its products and services to customers through a local dedicated sales force using a separate full-colour catalogue of its product and service offerings in each country. Corporate Express runs a European catalogue which contains a range of approximately 2,700 common articles to all the markets plus 2,000 to 3,000 additional products, which are specific for the local markets. The catalogue is also available in Corporate Express' eCommerce Internet tool as well as on CD-ROM. Corporate Express Europe developed a new catalogue that is increasingly being used by

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its international customers throughout Europe. It believes that the new catalogue will be helpful to its international customers, in that the customers will have a uniform catalogue of items available for immediate delivery to any of the customers' European locations. The catalogue will also enhance the image and presence of Corporate Express as an international player in the European office products industry.

            Corporate Express Europe employs a "differentiated sales approach" whereby it tailors its sales approach to the type of customer Corporate Express is targeting. For example, an international account management approach is frequently used for large, national companies, while direct marketing is more appropriate for small office and home office operations. Corporate Express Europe keeps most of the office products it offers in its catalogues in stock at its distribution centres. Additionally, Corporate Express maintains electronic links to certain suppliers so that items not in stock can be delivered to a customer on a next-day basis and it can better manage its inventory levels. In addition to Corporate Express' main catalogues, Corporate Express Europe produces a substantial number of customized and promotional catalogues. Together, Corporate Express Europe's local sales force and catalogues are key elements of its marketing strategy.

            Leveraging its broad geographic infrastructure, linked via one computer system, Corporate Express Australia is able to offer customers with outlets located throughout Australia, a common national service. A specialist national accounts team, offering a high level of service, manages these national customers. Corporate Express Australia is also employing new sales channels such as telemarketing and direct mail to reach customers efficiently.

            Corporate Express Europe receives orders through EDI, as well as by traditional telephone, fax and computer based ordering tools. Orders are routed to the warehouse to be picked up. Corporate Express Europe achieves an average first order fill ratio of over 95%. The distribution centres use different technologies for picking up orders and delivery. Corporate Express Europe has decided to change or replace methods and systems for those distribution centres that have become obsolete or inefficient operations or for which the capacity must be extended in order to serve more customers. It has built new distribution centres in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to replace regional distribution centres.

            The new distribution centres use conveyor belts, automatic bar code scanning, (pallet) flow racks, wave-based order picking, weight checks and case calculation, all with the objective of achieving high quality and efficiency. Corporate Express Europe has introduced a new warehouse management system that should improve the operational control of all the pick and pack activities as well as all resource management activities. Corporate Express Europe uses different transportation options, such as delivery by truck and parcel services. The transportation method chosen depends on the size of the order and the location of the customer. Corporate Express Europe both owns delivery trucks and contracts deliveries out to third parties.

            Corporate Express Europe purchases most of its products in high volume, directly from manufacturers who deliver the merchandise to distribution centres. Corporate Express' goal has been to establish strong relationships with a limited number of suppliers with a view to achieving both lower prices and lower inventory levels as a result of the suppliers' willingness to provide prompt delivery out of their inventory. Corporate Express Europe has accomplished this by entering into agreements to purchase large quantities from certain suppliers on a centralized basis. It is then able to negotiate favourable discounts and rebates that apply to purchases by all of Corporate Express' branches. This strategy has led to competition among certain suppliers to be chosen as one of its suppliers. As a result, Corporate Express Europe will consider further consolidating its purchases from key suppliers to

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increase its importance to those suppliers, thereby increasing its bargaining power with its largest suppliers.

            Certain of Corporate Express Europe's suppliers are linked through EDI with its on-line order entry system. If products ordered through the Corporate Express' on-line order entry system are not in stock, Corporate Express purchases such products automatically through EDI from such suppliers. The suppliers deliver these products to Corporate Express' warehouses in time for next-day delivery to the customer.

            Corporate Express Australia has achieved a rationalization in supply partners in Australia and New Zealand. That rationalization has resulted in increased trading with a consolidated group of major suppliers. It also increases the level of service available to customers while reducing costs through efficiency in the supply chain and elimination of duplicative processes.

            Corporate Express Europe operates in a highly competitive environment. The two most significant competitive factors in the office products distribution industry in Europe are service (including, in particular, delivery speed and reliability) and price. A new element in the competitive environment is the power of eCommerce. Having a wide variety of product offerings can also give a company in the industry a certain competitive advantage. Product quality is less significant than in many other industries, due to the perceived uniformity of products.

            The office products industry in Europe is highly fragmented, with no single company accounting for more than 10% of the total European market. Corporate Express Europe offers a wide variety of products and services, and frequently competes against companies that focus on only a few products or categories of products. Corporate Express Europe's competitors include national office products distributors, traditional contract stationers, direct mail order companies, e-tailers and portals and, to a lesser extent, office products superstores and stationery stores. Its principal competitors include Lyreco and Guilbert/Office Depot. In addition, Corporate Express Europe faces increasing competition from direct marketing companies such as Viking.

            Corporate Express Europe's target market is medium and large-sized businesses and other institutions. It believes that existing customers and potential customers in this market prefer to deal with large value added office products distributors, such as Corporate Express, which can provide customers the lowest total overall costs of managing their office products needs, high levels of service, convenience and rapid delivery.

            We believe that Corporate Express Australia is the market leader in the office products market in Australia and is placed second in this respect in New Zealand, based on revenue. Corporate Express Australia has demonstrated an ability to maintain these leading market positions in the past five years.

            The office products industry is witnessing strong growth in the number of orders placed on-line. The option of placing orders on-line, supplements the other common methods of placing orders such as by telephone, fax and PC-based remote order entry. Corporate Express Europe currently uses a variety of national electronic retail price systems for sales, order entry and warehouse management applications as a result of the different systems used by the numerous businesses it acquired over the last few years.

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            In 2003, Corporate Express Europe started to replace "SyntraNet" with the new generation "ExpressNet", which allows for the on-line placement of orders. ExpressNet is being enhanced and in 2004 four packages will be launched which will offer varying levels of features and integration solutions tailored to each market segment:

            A newly introduced catalogue database management system enables Corporate Express Europe to produce catalogues in a flexible and efficient manner. In particular, Corporate Express Europe expects to be able to produce customer-specific catalogues that can be printed at the customers' premises by sales staff using their laptop computers.

            Corporate Express Australia introduced its third generation Internet ordering site, NetXpress.biz, which enables customers to customize their web site so it looks like their own internal system. Sales via the Internet represented 56% of Corporate Express Australia's total lines ordered at the end of 2003, up from 53% in 2002, and continues to provide an excellent cost saving alternative to traditional paper-based processes. Customers using the Internet are able to increase expenditure control via user log-in and tailored product selection. They are also able to speed up their ordering process by viewing stock availability and pricing.

Graphic Systems

            Key figures (in millions of euro, except number of employees)

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
Net sales   369   489   565
Operating result   (13 ) 23   38
Number of employees at year-end   1,114   1,139   1,176

            Buhrmann's Graphic Systems Division supplies graphic consumables, equipment (pre-press systems, printing presses, folding, cutting and binding machines) and provides service and maintenance for the graphic industry in Belgium, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Spain.

            The Graphic Systems Division is an agent for Heidelberg, the largest manufacturer of printing equipment in the world. The Division has been a preferred Heidelberg distributor in the countries mentioned above for over 75 years and currently operates under a distribution contract which took effect as of July 1, 2003. The distribution contract runs for five years and has a termination period of 18 months.

            The Division offers its customers a full range of Heidelberg offset printing presses, both sheetfed and webfed, together with digital pre-press (scanner equipment, computer-to-film and computer to-plate equipment) as well as finishing systems. It also sells products manufactured by Polar BASF, Kodak, and Polychrome Graphics. Heidelberg products currently account for approximately 70% of the Division's sales.

            The Division maintains and services an installed machine base that is valued at approximately €5.6 billion and holds over 40,000 stock items in six spare parts warehouses in Europe. The Division offers some 4,000 different consumables ranging from offset plates to printing inks.

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            The emergence of new technologies has led to more streamlined and simplified printing processes. The application of these new technologies allows information to be transferred directly from the computer to the print-plate and via the printer to the finishing equipment where the cutting, folding and binding takes place.

            The Graphic Systems Division experiences more cyclicality in its results than Buhrmann's other Divisions because a substantial part of its sales consists of capital goods with dominant market shares, such as printing presses, and thus is more directly susceptible to changes in the general economic climate. However, the increasing non-cyclical income derived from service, supplies and spare parts enhance the Division's resilience throughout the economic cycle.

            The market for graphic systems is comprised of three basic categories: (i) sales of printing systems hardware, (ii) service contracts, and (iii) sale of consumables. Approximately 60% of the industry's sales are attributable to hardware, and approximately 40% of sales result from providing spare parts, supplies and services.

            Offset printing accounts for a significant portion of the market and has grown at a steady rate of 2 to 3% per annum over the last decade, although sales have shown significant cyclicality depending on the economic environment and technological changes. A good portion of the existing population of printing presses need to be replaced or adapted to directly receive digitized information. Since there are lead times between ordering and installing the equipment, an economic upswing does not immediately correlate with sales for the Division.

            Also, the major trade show for the graphic arts industry (DRUPA) is held only once every four years. This event usually results in slightly increased sales of printing equipment in the year of the DRUPA because new technology is showcased or expected to be shown at this trade show. The most recent DRUPA was held in May 2004.

            The majority of printhouses in Europe are small companies employing no more than 20 people. By tradition, printers handle all the steps of the printing process (pre-press, printing, assembling and mailing) under one roof. Few printers specialize, for example, as a service bureau (essentially for pre-press), as a bindery or as a print centre (handling low-quality and short-run print).

            The Division is concentrating on the distribution and service of graphic equipment in six European countries. Its underlying strategic goal is to remain Heidelberg's preferred distribution channel to the graphic arts market in Europe.

            In addition, the Division will continue to focus on its service, supplies and spare parts businesses. The income from service, supplies and spare parts has increased as a percentage of net sales over the last few years and accounts for approximately 40% of the Division's sales in 2003, compared to approximately 30% in 2002. This focus has made the Division less dependent than it has been previously on the distribution of capital goods, as a result of which the Division expects its operating results to be less vulnerable to downturns in the economy than they were in the past.

            The Division's marketing strategy focuses on the selling and servicing of total solution printing systems. This includes its training, support programs and extended knowledge of print processes. In addition, the customer relationships that the Division has maintained over the years are particularly important in marketing investment goods such as printing systems.

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            The Division's customer base is comprised of print shops and related specialized service bureaus. The sales cycle of printing equipment is lengthy and can spread over several years. Sales are generated through the sales force. Customer dedicated sales managers receive commissions on sales, providing an incentive for meeting sales targets.

            The Graphic Systems Division has six main logistics centres which are located in Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Brussels, Milan and Rome. These centres stock spare parts, graphic consumables and smaller equipment. Shipping is mainly through third-party delivery services. Large printing presses are shipped directly from Heidelberg to the Division's customers.

            The Division purchases all of its products directly from Heidelberg and other manufacturers and is the distributor for Heidelberg in the six European markets in which its operates. Annual purchasing volumes are agreed upon with vendors and updated monthly. Delivery lead-time (time between purchase and delivery to the customer) for large presses can be up to six months and occasionally even more when new technology is introduced such as at the DRUPA. The Division requires a down payment from the customer prior to purchasing the printing press.

            Competition in this market is primarily driven by product quality, pricing, service and sales coverage. The Division believes it has a strong advantage as to service and sales coverage over its competitors.

            Buhrmann's Graphic Systems Division has participated in the graphic arts markets for more than 75 years and has achieved a high market penetration in such markets. Graphic equipment sold by the Division can be found in print shops throughout the markets in which it operates. Good customer database management and complex printing process knowledge combined with high quality service and equipment provide entrance barriers in these markets.

            The consumables market (film, plates and ink) is more fragmented and characterized by many small orders which need to be delivered on very short notice.

            Printing systems have become increasingly complex due to built-in functionalities and integrated expert guidance is needed to understand the benefits of one equipment offering versus another. The Graphic Systems Division employs sophisticated simulation tools to allow the customers to select the investment and machine configurations appropriate for them.

            Each operating company has an Internet website that is linked to the worldwide Buhrmann and Heidelberg networks. An in-house eCommerce platform has been developed. Besides supplies, also the services and spare parts business will be migrated to the new eCommerce platform which enables lower-cost sales growth and greater efficiency in ordering, servicing and distribution.

Risk Control

            Buhrmann has a Management Charter in place that describes most of the responsibilities and authority levels for the divisional and operational managers, covering most aspects of our risk control. It also includes our Business Principles and Code of Ethics. Various aspects of the Management Charter are further defined in a set of mandatory policies, manuals and (best practice) guidelines. These include specific authorizations for capital expenditure, acquisitions and divestments, restructuring and remuneration issues. Adherence is being monitored at various levels in the organization.

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            Buhrmann uses a comprehensive management reporting system to monitor the Company's performance. This comprises a coherent set of instruments, which cover adoption of strategy, portfolio analysis, budgeting and reporting of current results, as well as projected results. Internally, we set financial targets and judge business performance primarily by using an economic-value-creation-based concept. Reporting and analysis of actual results take place on a monthly basis and covers not only results, but also balance sheet and cash flow information.

            The management of risks associated with business activities, and compliance with local legislation and regulations are the responsibility of local operational management. A system of authority limits for divisional and local operational management has been established. Besides requesting the relevant manager to obtain approval from a higher level of authority for a number of matters, the system also triggers a flow of information to senior management of Buhrmann. In respect of corporate matters, a structure of attaching responsibility to specific functions in combination with the requirement of obtaining authorization is in place.

            In the context of the corporate governance developments around internal control (Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the United States and the Code on Corporate Governance in the Netherlands) an extensive review of the design, documentation and functioning of critical control processes is being carried out. This has resulted in enhanced requirements on the level of internal control. Also, every quarter, operational management is required to confirm by means of a letter-of-representation that compliance is maintained to internal control, representation and disclosure requirements. In order to support the Executive Board (and specifically the CEO and the CFO in the context of the certification requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) in matters related to disclosure controls and procedures a, Disclosure Committee has been installed. The main purpose of the Disclosure Committee is to ensure that all disclosures made by Buhrmann are accurate, complete, timely, and fairly present the financial condition and the results of operations in all material respects.

            The adequacy of the design and proper functioning of these and other internal control systems of the operations are periodically investigated by our internal audit department who reports its findings to Division management and the Executive Board. Although the internal audit department functions directly under the responsibility of the Executive Board, the head of internal audit discusses at least annually the control status of the operations with the Audit Committee. The external auditor has full access to these reports and meetings.

            The external auditor reports on findings on internal control as part of the audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements. These reports are discussed at the appropriate levels in the organization. The Group level reports are reviewed both by the Executive Board and the Audit Committee. In respect of the conclusions and observations about the Annual Report, a final reporting takes place to the Executive Board and Supervisory Board jointly.

            Operational and financial risks and the effectiveness of our internal control systems are evaluated by the Executive Board on an on-going basis. Regularly, business reviews are carried out by senior management and the Executive Board. The Audit Committee regularly reviews Buhrmann's adherence to our financial policies, the quality of the financial reporting, the effectiveness of our internal control systems and the way in which the Executive Board is managing and monitoring financial risks. However, in designing and evaluating the risk control framework, it is recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective. In this connection management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our framework for risk control continues to be evaluated and adjusted taking into account developments in our business as well as the external environment.

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Environmental Overview

            In general, we believe that we have relatively little impact on the environment, given the fact that we are not a manufacturer. Despite the fact that we are considered to be active in a low impact industry, we do provide environmental information upon request where relevant data is available. For example, in this past year we have responded to questionnaires from various research firms, banks, investment advisers, fund managers, governments, and non-governmental organizations as well as numerous requests from customers.

            Our guiding principle is to conduct business activities in a responsible manner that meets or exceeds all recognized standards for environmental issues. As such, we are implementing policies and practices to help better manage the environmental impacts of our products, services and supporting activities. In general we therefore adhere to the following principles:

            We are active in environmental associations and place great emphasis on offering environmental friendly products to customers. For example, in 2003 Corporate Express North America participated in an industry-wide initiative, the Environmental Responsibility Task Force, to define industry environmental procurement standards under the auspices of the School, Home, and Office Products Association. Corporate Express Europe is represented in The Environmental Standard for Office Supplies Association. This industry association promotes a proactive environmental sustainability policy throughout the entire sector, by providing clear, uniform, and standardized environmental information on a product level for all office products.

            Corporate Express North America has worked extensively with suppliers since 1991 to offer its customers a comprehensive line of EarthSaver(r) products. In catalogues, this symbol identifies products that contain recycled materials. Today approximately 2,700 products containing recycled materials are available through our sourcebook, representing over 20% of our catalogue product offering.

            One of our most successful customer initiatives is in toner and inkjet printer cartridge collection. Corporate Express North America conducts toner refill and disposal programs for numerous contract clients. In 2003, Corporate Express North America encouraged customers to recycle over 225,000 inkjet cartridges. Internally, environmental policies reduce energy use in our own office space, the materials we use for our promotional activities, and our employees are encouraged to adopt positive environmental practices in all of their everyday tasks. In our warehouses, software automatically selects the optimal size box or bag for every product shipment in order to eliminate waste. Whenever possible, factory cartons are used for full case shipments. Bags are composed of 35% recycled materials and envelopes are used for small items. Use of bags in the shipping process increased in 2003 and we continue to emphasize using fewer corrugated boxes and more bags in field operations.

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Organization

            Buhrmann NV is the ultimate parent company over the subsidiary companies which conduct their business on a worldwide basis. All significant subsidiaries are wholly owned, except for our Australian and New Zealand subsidiaries (Corporate Express Australia Ltd and Corporate Express New Zealand Ltd), in which Buhrmann owns a 52% interest.

Property, Plant and Equipment

            We lease our principal executive offices, which are located at Hoogoorddreef 62, 1101 BE Amsterdam ZO, the Netherlands. We own and lease additional properties in the United States and Europe for use in the ordinary course of business, which includes numerous sales offices, distribution centres and warehouses. Land and buildings had a book value of €107 million at December 31, 2003. Many of our leases contain options to renew and/or purchase the property. We do not own or lease any physical property which is considered material to us as a whole.

            We periodically reassess the adequacy of our facilities and acquire or lease new properties as is necessary to provide adequate facilities for our business. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current level of business. We are considering closing and selling or subleasing certain of our existing facilities as part of the rationalization process.

Legal Proceedings

            Buhrmann is involved in various routine legal and regulatory proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business, except as set forth below. Buhrmann does not believe that any of these legal or regulatory proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.

            In June 2002, the German competition authorities (the Bundeskartellamt or BKA) launched an investigation against a number of German paper merchants, including Buhrmann's former subsidiary Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH, alleging a violation of anti-trust rules in a number of regions in Germany.

            On April 30, 2004 the BKA imposed a final fine on Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH (in an amount of €7,602,880) and on eleven other paper merchants in Germany. The fine relates to the period between 1995 and 2000 and covers the whole of Germany with the exception of the South. Buhrmann and Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH do not agree with the fine and the calculation thereof and will lodge an appeal. Buhrmann believes that third party investigations into the alleged surplus profit in a number of regions and into the calculation of the surplus profit used by the BKA substantiate Buhrmann's position that the imposed fine reflects an overestimation of any alleged surplus profit.

            The Buhrmann Group was involved as plaintiff in French arbitration proceedings, initiated in 1994 against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A (formerly named Locafrance S.A.). The claim related to the acquisition by the Buhrmann Group from Ipfo Bail S.A. of all of the shares of the French company Agena S.A. in 1991. The claim was based on misrepresentation of the financial position of the company in the closing balance sheet at the time of the acquisition. On the basis of the decision rendered in these arbitration proceedings, Buhrmann received indemnity payments totalling €79 million in February and March 2003, resulting in a net income of €58 million, after deduction of expenses.

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MANAGEMENT

            In accordance with Dutch law, Buhrmann has a two-tiered board structure, consisting of a Supervisory Board, with seven non-executive Members, and an Executive Board with four executive Members as of June 1, 2004.

Supervisory Board

            The following briefly describes the functions and characteristics of the Supervisory Board and its various committees.

            Pursuant to the rules and regulations governing the Supervisory Board it is the Supervisory Board's responsibility to supervise the policy of the Executive Board and the general affairs of Buhrmann as well as to assist the Executive Board by providing advice. In doing so, the Supervisory Board is guided by the interests of the Company and the relevant interests of the Company's stakeholders. The Supervisory Board is responsible for the quality of its own functioning. In addition, the Rules and Regulations of the Supervisory Board govern the allocation of tasks and working methods of the Supervisory Board.

            The Supervisory Board is composed of persons such that the Members can act critically and independently of one another, and of the management and any particular self-interest.

            The Rules and Regulations of the Supervisory Board determine that the majority of the Members of the Supervisory Board shall be independent. As Holders of the Company's Preference Shares C, each of Apollo and Bain have the conditional right to propose for nomination one Member of the Supervisory Board, see "Related Party Transactions—Holders of Preference Shares C—Board Representation." The Members of the Supervisory Board appointed pursuant to this right are not considered "independent" Members as under the Rules and Regulations of the Supervisory Board.

            The qualification requirements for individual Members of the Supervisory Board and the requirements for the composition of the Supervisory Board are regulated in the profile of the Supervisory Board and provide that every Supervisory Board Member should be qualified to assess the outlines of the overall policy of Buhrmann and should have the specific expertise necessary for the fulfilment of his duty as described in the profile of the Supervisory Board. The Rules and Regulations further provide that the Supervisory Board should be composed in such a way that it can carry out its duty properly, and that the re-appointment of a Supervisory Board Member will only take place after careful consideration.

            The Rules and Regulations for the Supervisory Board determine that a Board Member should limit the number of board memberships and other functions such that he is able to guarantee satisfactory execution of his function at Buhrmann. This topic should be considered in the annual evaluation of the functioning of the Board, among others.

            A resolution to appoint or to remove a Member of the Supervisory Board other than on the proposal of the Supervisory Board requires a majority of the votes cast representing more than one-third of the issued capital. Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders for a period of four years.

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            As of January 1, 2004, a new re-appointment schedule has been drawn up, on the assumption that Board Members may in principle serve a maximum of three terms of four years on the Board.

            Without prejudice to its own mandatory responsibilities pursuant to Dutch law, the Supervisory Board has formed an Audit Committee and a Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, each consisting of three Members of the Supervisory Board. Aside from the specific mandates given the Committees pursuant to their respective charters, the overall task of these Committees is in general to prepare the foundation to support and inform decision-making processes of the Supervisory Board. In its report the Supervisory Board reports on the duties of the Committees that have been carried out in the financial year.

            The Supervisory Board can delegate decisions, concerning the execution of policies adopted by it, to its Committees. This delegated authority should in all cases be limited to a maximum of one year with the possibility of renewal and the respective Committee should report to the Supervisory Board those decisions it has made on the basis of such delegation.

            The function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Supervisory Board on the execution of its supervisory responsibility concerning, among other things, the execution, policy and procedures of the Company in the area of financial administration and financial reporting and internal control systems, the integrity of the financial reports and the evaluation and independence of the external auditor. The current Audit Committee Members are Messrs. Jacobs, Peelen and Smit.

            The meetings of the Audit Committee are attended by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Director Accounting & Control, the Director Internal Audit and the external auditor, among others.

            The Audit Committee has a delegated authority to take independent decisions about the approval of the "non-audit services" as set forth in the "Policy on the External Auditor Independence and Services."

            Pursuant to the Audit Committee Charter all Members of the Audit Committee shall be independent in accordance with the definition of independence in the Rules and Regulations of the Supervisory Board.

            Given the size of the Board, it was decided to combine the tasks in the areas of the Board nomination, remuneration policy and corporate governance into one Committee. The current members of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Messrs. Van den Hoek, Peelen and Zwartendijk.

            The Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is tasked with assisting the Supervisory Board with, among other things, the policies underlying compensation of management, the proposal for and regular review of the Company's remuneration policy, in general the compensation, function and nominating of Members to both the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board and advising the Supervisory Board with respect to the corporate governance practices of the Company.

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            Pursuant to the Rules and Regulations, every form and appearance of a conflict of interest between Buhrmann and the Supervisory Board should be avoided. Decisions to engage in transactions in which interests of Board Members play a role, which have a material significance for the Company and/or for the Board Members concerned, require approval by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board is responsible for all decision-making concerning the handling of conflicts of interest of Members of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board, major shareholders and the external auditor in relation to the Company.

            In addition, the Rules and Regulations require that transactions with natural persons or legal entities be disclosed if these natural persons or legal entities control at least 10% of the voting power in the Company.

Members of the Supervisory Board

            The Members of the Supervisory Board as of December 31, 2003 were as follows:

            Position: Barrister in Amsterdam (Stibbe). Nationality: Dutch. Appointed in 1993, current term of office until 2004. Supervisory directorships: ASM International N.V. (Chairman), Ballast Nedam N.V. (Chairman), Robeco Groep N.V. (Chairman), Robeco N.V. (Chairman), Rolinco N.V. (Chairman), Rorento N.V. (Chairman), Het Financieele Dagblad Holding B.V. (Chairman), AON Groep Nederland B.V., Wavin B.V. (Chairman), euronext Amsterdam N.V. Mr. Van den Hoek is a Member of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

            Previous position: Chairman of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V. Nationality: Dutch. Appointed in 1998, current term of office until 2004. Supervisory directorships: N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij (Chairman), VNU N.V. (Chairman), ING Groep N.V., Johan Enschedé B.V. (Chairman), IHC Caland N.V., Imtech N.V. (Chairman). Mr. Jacobs is a Member of the Audit Committee.

            Position: Managing Director Bain Capital, llc. Nationality: American. Appointed in 1999, current term of office until 2007. Supervisory directorships: IHF Capital, Nutraceutical, Maxim Crane, Alliance Laundry, SigmaKalon Group, Walco International and US Synthetics.

            Position: Managing Partner Apollo Management, l.p. Nationality: American. Appointed in October 2003, current term of office until 2007. Supervisory directorships: Apollo Investment Corporation, Vail Resorts Inc., Pacer International, Inc., Mt Sinai Children's Centre Foundation, The Centre for Arts Education, The Nightingale Bamford School, The Allen-Stevenson School. Mr. Hannan was named to the Supervisory Board under the terms of the October 1999 stock purchase agreement between and among Buhrmann, Apollo and Bain.

            Previous position: Member Executive Committee of Unilever and member of Unilever Board. Nationality: Dutch. Appointed in 1999, current term of office until 2006. Supervisory directorships: VVAA Groep B.V., Friesland Coberco Dairy Foods Holding N.V., Arcadis N.V., Albron B.V. Mr. Peelen

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is a Member of the Audit Committee and of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

            Previous position: Chairman of the Executive Board of Vedior N.V. Principal position: Managing Director TriFinance Holding B.V. Nationality: Dutch. Appointed in 1998, current term of office until 2005. Supervisory directorships: Transavia Airlines C.V., Endemol B.V., Martin Schilder Holding B.V. Mr. Smit is a Member of the Audit Committee.

            Previous position: Member of the Executive Board of Koninklijke Ahold N.V. Nationality: Dutch. Appointed in 1999, current term of office until 2005. Supervisory directorships: Nutreco Holding N.V. (Chairman), Koninklijke Numico N.V. (Chairman), Randstad Holding N.V., InnoConcepts N.V., Blokker Holding B.V. (Chairman), Telepanel Systems, inc., Lincoln Snacks Company. Mr. Zwartendijk is a Member of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

Remuneration

            The General Meeting of Shareholders determines the remuneration for the Supervisory Board Members. The remuneration for a Supervisory Board Member does not depend on the Company's results. Remuneration for the Members of the Supervisory Board is composed entirely of base salary. Members of the Supervisory Board are not eligible to participate in any bonus or profit-sharing plans, or in any other incentive-based plans maintained by the Company. In addition, the Company does not provide pension benefits for Members of the Supervisory Board.

            The total remuneration to Members of the Supervisory Board in 2003 amounted to approximately €270,000 and may be specified as follows (in thousands of euro):

 
   2003
  
P.C. Van den Hoek   € 70.2 (1)(2)
A.G. Jacobs     53.3 (1)(2)
R.C. Gay     28.0  
J.J. Hannan(3)     7.0  
J. Peelen     30.3 (2)
A.P. Ressler(4)     21.0  
G.H. Smit     30.3 (2)
R. Zwartendijk     30.3 (2)
   
 
Total   € 270.4  
   
 
(1)
Including (pro rata) remuneration received as a Member of the Supervisory Board of Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V.

(2)
Including remuneration received as a Member of the Audit Committee and / or the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, as applicable.

(3)
Mr. Hannan was appointed as a Member of the Supervisory Board on October 8, 2003.

(4)
Mr. Ressler retired from the Supervisory Board on October 8, 2003.

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Share Ownership

            Of the Members of the Supervisory Board, only the following persons held interests in the capital stock of Buhrmann at June 1, 2004 as set forth below:

 
   Ordinary Shares
   Depositary receipts
of Preference
Shares A
P.C. Van den Hoek(1)   31,364   —
A.G. Jacobs   954   411
   
 
    32,318   411
   
 
(1)
Mr. Van den Hoek transferred the discretionary management of his securities portfolio to an independent third party.

            The Members of the Supervisory Board held no option rights to Buhrmann shares during 2003 and as at June 1, 2004.

            Members of the Supervisory Board individually and in the aggregate own less than one percent of Ordinary Shares and (depositary receipts of) Preference Shares A in Buhrmann.

Executive Board

            The following briefly describes the functions and characteristics of the Executive Board of Buhrmann.

            The Executive Board is responsible for managing the Company's operations, which includes, among other things, the responsibility for determining and achieving the objectives of the Company for overseeing the implementation and direction of the Company's business strategy and policies and for the Company's results of operations. The Executive Board reports on these matters to the Supervisory Board and to the General Meeting of Shareholders. In discharging its duty, the Executive Board focuses on the interests of the Company taking into consideration the interests of its stakeholders.

            The Executive Board is responsible for managing the Company's compliance with all relevant legislation and regulations, managing the risks associated with the Company's activities and the financing of the Company. The Executive Board reports to the Supervisory Board and the Audit Committee on these matters and with respect to risk management and internal control systems of the Company.

            The current Members of the Executive Board are appointed indefinitely. New Members of the Executive Board will be appointed for a term of four years, provided that market circumstances so permit. The Members, who are all Buhrmann employees, are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders on the proposal of the Supervisory Board. A resolution to appoint or to remove a Member of the Executive Board other than on the proposal of the Supervisory Board requires a majority of the votes cast representing more than one third of the issued capital.

            It is the policy of the Company to avoid any conflict of interest or apparent conflict of interest between the Company and Members of the Executive Board. Decisions to engage in transactions where conflicts of interest of Executive Board Members are present, which are of material significance for the Company and/or for the Members of the Executive Board concerned, require the approval of the Supervisory Board.

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Members of the Executive Board

            The Members of the Executive Board as of December 31, 2003 were as follows:

            Mr. Koffrie is President and CEO and joined Buhrmann in 1988. In 1990 he was appointed a Member of the Executive Board and became the Group's President and CEO in 1998. Mr. Koffrie is a Dutch national, born in Weert, the Netherlands on May 15, 1952. He holds a Master's degree in Business Economics (Amsterdam University) and a Bachelors degree in Law (Erasmus University Rotterdam). Before he joined Buhrmann's predecessor VRG-Groep, he worked for Vroom & Dreesmann and Triumph-Adler Nederland B.V. Within the Executive Board he holds responsibility for: Strategy, Investor Relations & Corporate Communications, General and Legal Affairs, and Internal Audit. Mr. Koffrie currently holds a Supervisory Directorship in Wessanen NV, a Dutch public company.

            Mr. De Becker joined Buhrmann in 2001 and was President of the Office Products Europe Division until he left the Company as of February 29, 2004, having accepted a position at another company. He was appointed a Member of the Executive Board in 2002 and non-executive board member of Corporate Express Australia Limited. Mr. De Becker was born in Bruges, Belgium, on September 2, 1946. He holds a degree in Economics from the University of Ghent and did a postgraduate study in Marketing at the same university. He joined Buhrmann following Buhrmann's acquisition of the Office Supplies Division of Samas-Groep N.V. where he had been an executive board member since 1998. Prior to that he held various senior management positions, amongst others with Bekaert, Rank Xerox Europe, and Black & Decker Professional Power Tools and Security Hardware.

            Mr. Dean is responsible for the Graphic Systems Division and the Office Products Australia Division and joined Buhrmann in 1990. He was appointed a Member of the Executive Board in 1998 and he is also a non-executive board member of Corporate Express Australia Limited. He was President of the Paper Merchanting Division until the divestment of these activities on October 31, 2003. In addition to his responsibility for supervising the two afore-mentioned Divisions, Mr. Dean also holds responsibility within the Executive Board for Human Resources and Group Real Estate. Mr. Dean is a British national and was born in Perth (Scotland) on February 18, 1947. He holds a Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh. Before he joined Buhrmann's predecessor VRG-Groep in 1990, he worked with the Wiggins Teape Group for 21 years.

            Mr. Hoffman is President and CEO of the Office Products North America Division and joined Buhrmann in 1999. He was appointed a Member of the Executive Board in 2002. Mr. Hoffman is an American national, born in Jackson, MI on August 31, 1952. He holds a Master's Degree in Business Administration from the Harvard Business School. Before he joined Buhrmann, he was the President of APS Holdings and held several other management functions with W.W. Grainger, TRW, inc. and Lockheed Corporation.

            Mr. Waller joined Buhrmann in 1999, and was appointed a Member of the Executive Board and CFO in the same year. Mr. Waller is a Dutch national, born in Leiden, the Netherlands on

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December 21, 1958. He has a Master's Degree in Business Economics and a CPA Degree (both from the Erasmus University Rotterdam). Before he joined Buhrmann he worked with Unilever for 15 years in various financial management positions. Within the Executive Board he holds responsibility for: Accounting & Control, Corporate Finance & Group Treasury, Corporate Tax & Pensions, Risk Management, Information Technology, Mergers, Acquisitions & Divestments, the Holdings, and—jointly with the CEO—Investor Relations and Internal Audit.

Compensation

            The Remuneration Policy for the Executive Board is determined by the Supervisory Board on the recommendation of the Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. Any material amendments to the Remuneration Policy must be submitted to the General Meeting.

            The determination of the remuneration for each individual Board Member is in principle a responsibility of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board has delegated this authority to the Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. As of January 1, 2004 this delegation will be reviewed each year by the Supervisory Board. Pursuant to this delegation of authority, and acting within the principles of the remuneration Policy, the Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee sets the remuneration packages for the members of the Executive Board, including base salary, pension rights, bonus and long-term incentive awards, grants of share options and any severance payments. The Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may make decisions, which reflect special circumstances and make remuneration plan alterations which will be accounted for in the next annual report. The Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not retain remuneration consultants but seeks professional advice from external advisors as it sees fit.

            The objective of the remuneration policy is to attract and retain Executive Board Members with an international outlook and to motivate them to perform in such a way that the value of Buhrmann is enhanced. Remuneration of the Executive Board is aimed at balancing short-term operational performance with the longer-term objective of creating sustainable value and growth. Levels of remuneration are reviewed annually in the light of external expert advice taking account of competitive levels of remuneration according to relevant industry comparisons in each country environment. In addition, employment contracts and main conditions of employment for Members of the Executive Board are annually reviewed.

            Currently, Members of the Executive Board have been appointed for an indefinite term. In the event that new Members are appointed a maximum period of four years will apply provided that market circumstances so permit. Notice periods of up to six months for termination of employment have been set for each Executive Board Member. The current contracts of the Members of the Executive Board determine that where employment is terminated in the event of an acquisition of the Company or where actual control passes into other hands ("change of control'), or in the case of reorganization, termination of the Company's activities or in other comparable circumstances that cannot be considered as blameworthy function fulfilment on the part of the Board Member concerned, compensation will be paid by Buhrmann to the amount of three times the annual fixed salary (twice the annual fixed salary in the case of the contract of Mr. Hoffman) and the pension accumulation over this period will continue. Buhrmann believes that this provision ensures that the Executive Board can fully concentrate on the interests of the Company and those associated with the Company when evaluating a possible merger, acquisition or reorganization. With regard to other situations, no fixed severance payment has been arranged with the Members of the Executive Board. Buhrmann believes that the circumstances of the case should be taken into account, considering relevant factors such as the reason

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for the termination, the age of the person in question, and the duration of employment, when determining the amount of severance payment, as a result of which, in specific cases, it could exceed the compensation mentioned in the Code. The performance by a Board Member of his duties will in any event be an important factor.

            The remuneration for Members of the Executive Board consists of a base salary, variable pay comprising an annual performance bonus, share option plan, pension, long-term incentive plan (North America only) and pre-pension provision (Europe only). In addition allowances and fringe benefits similar to many other employees at Buhrmann are paid. The details of the remuneration package are as follows:

            The base salary for Members of the Executive Board is set at a market competitive level. Where Members of the Executive Board reside outside the Netherlands, benchmark salary levels are referenced for Europe and North America.

            Variable pay is an important part of the remuneration package for the Executive Board. Members of the Executive Board participate in an annual bonus plan based on the achievement of a number of targets, which reflect key drivers for value creation, long-term growth in shareholder value, and the development of earnings per share. Target bonus levels for the Executive Board range from 50% to 75% of base salary. The amount of annual bonus is determined by the Committee based on the achievement of targets set by the Committee. For the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer the performance of the total Buhrmann Group is the determining factor, while for the other, European based Board Members, 50% is related to Group targets and 50% to the respective Division targets. As from 2004, the Group related bonus targets for the CEO, CFO and other European based Board Members may be a combination of the performance of the total Group, division based targets and individual targets. The bonus of Mr. Hoffman entirely relates to the performance of Buhrmann's Office Products North America business. The Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has the right to change targets as a result of unforeseen circumstances, and may also decide to grant a special bonus for special circumstances if such is justified in the opinion of the Committee. Such bonuses will always be reported in the annual report. In addition to the annual bonus plan, Mr. Hoffman, participates in a long-term incentive plan designed specifically for the senior management of the Office Products North America Division. Under this incentive plan, which has a three year duration, a bonus of 2.5 times base salary can be earned annually subject to the achievement of specific performance conditions related to annual economic value creation targets.

            Buhrmann operates a share option plan, the Buhrmann Incentive Plan, which aims to focus senior management on the growth of long-term sustainable value for shareholders. The Executive Board Members participate in this new share option plan. The allocation of the share options granted to the individual Executive Board Members is determined by the Committee, on an annual basis.

            The options have a term of seven years and vest after three years. Currently no performance conditions apply to either the grant or the vesting of the options. The exercise price for option rights granted is the closing price of Buhrmann Ordinary Shares on the first trading on which the shares are quoted ex-dividend after the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. Neither the exercise price nor other conditions in relation to the granted options can be modified during the term of the options,

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except insofar as prompted by structural changes relating to the shares or the Company in accordance with established market practice. For 2004 the plan will be redesigned to include performance-based conditions in line with current corporate governance requirements. The new Buhrmann Incentive Plan was adopted by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on April 29, 2004. Further details of the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan are summarized below under "New Buhrmann Incentive Plan."

            The aim of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is that retirement benefits should be in line with good practice and consistent with those provided by other multinational companies, in each country of residence of the Executive Board Members. Current pension arrangements are based on individual defined contribution plans with a normal retirement age of 65 (Europe). Mr. Hoffman, who is a resident of North America, is eligible to participate in the Company U.S. defined contribution plan. Pre-pension arrangements provide for retirement of Executive Board Members (Europe) from age 60 to 62. In addition, pension arrangements include an entitlement to a pension in the event of ill-health or disability and a spouse's or dependant's pension on death on terms similar to those applicable to employees participating in the Dutch Buhrmann Pension Fund.

            The Company does not grant personal loans or guarantees to Members of the Executive Board. Since 2003 no loans have been, or will be, granted to meet upfront Dutch income tax on share options granted. These loans have been granted up to and including 2002.

            The remuneration in 2003 for Members of the Executive Board was as follows (in thousands of euro):

 
   Salary
   Bonus
   Pension charges
F.H.J. Koffrie   € 555   € —   € 220
R.W.A. De Becker     375     —     439
G. Dean     417     375     282
M.S. Hoffman     548     1,402 (1)   43
F.F. Waller     340     68     119
   
 
 
Total   € 2,235   € 1,845   € 1,103
   
 
 
(1)
An amount of €398 thousand ($450 thousand) relates to Mr. Hoffman's 2002 bonus under the long-term incentive plan 2000-2002 as granted in 2003.

            Salaries were paid in euros with exception of Mr. Hoffman, whose remuneration is paid in U.S. dollars. Correcting for currency translation effects and period of Membership of the Executive Board, the annualized increase of the total salary costs for members of the executive Board was about 6% as compared to 2002.

            Bonuses related to 2003 amounted to €1,447 thousand of which €663 thousand relates to the annual bonus plan and €784 thousand ($886 thousand) to an accrual for the long-term incentive plan for Mr. Hoffman. This latter amount will be paid in the first quarter of 2006, together with any amounts accruing for 2004 and 2005 financial performance under the long term incentive plan. Should Mr. Hoffmann voluntarily resign during the period of the long-term incentive plan, 50% of the accrued amount would be paid on a pro rata basis. The actual financial performance of the Group and the European Divisions in 2003 has resulted in no bonuses having been granted to the European Executive Board Members over this year. However, special bonuses have been awarded to Mr. Dean related to

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the divestment of the former Paper Merchanting Division and to Mr. Waller related both to this divestment and to the re-financing of the Group. For Mr. Hoffman, an additional bonus of €220 thousand ($251 thousand) was accrued during 2003 on the basis of the financial performance of the Office Products North America Division.

            Pension charges of €1,103 thousand consist of payments made to the relevant pension schemes and accruals for early retirement according to the regular, contractual rates. The Members of the Executive Board have pension plans for retirement at the age of 65. These pension plans are defined contribution plans. In addition, Dutch Members of the Executive Board participate in an early retirement plan which gives them the right to retire at the age of 60. The Company has not insured the early retirement plan. Pension premiums in the compensation table represent pension premiums paid for the defined contribution pension plans and the annual charge to net result relating to the liability in the Company's balance sheet regarding the early retirement plan.

Share Ownership

            Of the Members of the Executive Board, the following persons held interests in the capital stock of Buhrmann at June 1, 2004 as set forth below:

 
   Ordinary Shares
F.H.J. Koffrie   50,595
M.S. Hoffman   50,000
F.F. Waller   3,129
   
    103,724
   

            Members of the Executive Board individually and in the aggregate own less than one percent of Ordinary Shares in Buhrmann.

Share Option Plan

            There is a share option plan in place, the "Buhrmann Incentive Plan," which is designed as an incentive to managers working within the Group. In addition, the Annual General Shareholders' meeting held on April 29, 2004 adopted a new share option plan as described below under "New Buhrmann Incentive Plan."

            In 2003, approximately 450 were managers eligible to participate in the Buhrmann Incentive Plan. The maximum percentage of option rights that may be granted under the previous Option Plan in any year is 1.25% of the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares. This reflects the requirements of the business given our geographic spread (in particular the United States of America) and specific human resource management needs for critical business activities.

            For individual managers, the number of options granted is related to his or her contribution to Group results. In addition, the number of options that can be granted under the plan to any individual manager is capped at the maximum nominal value (based on the number of shares to which the option right relates, multiplied by the option exercise price) which cannot exceed an amount equal to twice the base salary of the relevant individual. The options granted up to and including 2002 have a term of five years and can be exercised only after three years. From 2003, the options have a term of seven years.

            The exercise price for option rights is the closing price of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares on the first trading day on which day Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares are quoted ex-dividend. Those entitled to options are bound by internal regulations designed to prevent insider trading. Options granted are in

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principle hedged by purchasing the shares required on or close to the grant date. Options may not be hedged if the financial position gives rise to a decision not to purchase the shares required. Considerations for evaluating the financial position are the growth prospects and its required financing, as well as the capital structure of the Group. On the basis thereof it was decided not to purchase shares for this purpose in 2003 and 2002.

            On June 1, 2004, the Members of the Executive Board held option rights on 545,000 Buhrmann Ordinary Shares granted under the Buhrmann Incentive Plan. The table below sets forth the movements in the number of outstanding option rights granted under the Buhrmann Incentive Plan to Members of the Executive Board. Mr. De Becker retired from the Executive Board as of February 29, 2004.

 
   December 31,
2003
   Granted
during
the year
   Option
exercise
price(1)
   Theoretical
value of
grant in
euro(2)
   Outstanding
Dec 31, 2003
   Lapsed
in 2004(3)
   Outstanding
June 1, 2004
   Expiry
date
F.H.J. Koffrie   25,000   1999   15.40   101,000   25,000   (25,000 ) —   4/11/2004
    40,000   2000   32.94   418,000   40,000   —   40,000   5/16/2005
    40,000   2001   24.52   317,200   40,000   —   40,000   4/19/2006
    55,000   2002   13.69   348,150   55,000   —   55,000   5/5/2007
    55,000   2003   2.85   72,600   55,000   —   55,000   5/1/2010
   
             
 
 
 
    215,000               215,000   (25,000 ) 190,000    
   
             
 
 
 
R.W.A. de Becker   10,000   2001   19.61   79,300   10,000   N/A   N/A   4/19/2006
    30,000   2002   13.69   189,900   30,000   N/A   N/A   5/5/2007
    30,000   2003   2.85   39,600   30,000   N/A   N/A   5/1/2010
   
             
 
 
 
    70,000               70,000   N/A   N/A    
   
             
 
 
 
G. Dean   20,000   1999   15.40   80,800   20,000   (20,000 ) —   4/11/2004
    25,000   2000   26.35   261,250   25,000   —   25,000   5/16/2005
    27,500   2001   19.61   218,075   27,500   —   27,500   4/19/2006
    35,000   2002   13.69   221,550   35,000   —   35,000   5/5/2007
    35,000   2003   2.85   46,200   35,000   —   35,000   5/1/2010
   
             
 
 
 
    142,500               142,500   (20,000 ) 122,500    
   
             
 
 
 
M.S. Hoffman   15,000   2000   26.35   156,750   15,000   —   15,000   5/16/2005
    17,500   2001   29.61   138,775   17,500   —   17,500   4/19/2006
    50,000   2002   13.69   316,500   50,000   —   50,000   5/5/2007
    50,000   2003   2.85   66,000   50,000   —   50,000   5/1/2010
   
             
 
 
 
    132,500               132,500   —   132,500    
   
             
 
 
 
F.F. Waller   20,000   2000   32.94   209,000   20,000   —   20,000   5/16/2005
    20,000   2001   24.52   158,600   20,000   —   20,000   4/19/2006
    30,000   2002   13.69   189,900   30,000   —   30,000   5/5/2007
    30,000   2003   2.85   39,600   30,000   —   30,000   5/1/2010
   
             
 
 
 
    100,000               100,000   —   100,000    
   
             
 
 
 
Total   660,000               660,000   (115,000 ) 545,000    
   
             
 
 
 
(1)
Under Dutch fiscal rules, management receiving options could under the Buhrmann Incentive Plan up to and including 2003 elect to accept a 25% higher exercise price. The base exercise price was set at €2.85 in 2003, €13.69 in 2002, €19.61 in 2001, €26.35 in 2000 and €15.40 in 1999, equalling the share price at close of business on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange on May 2, 2003, May 6, 2002, April 20, 2001, April 17, 2000 and April 7, 1999 respectively.

(2)
The fair value of the options is estimated by using the Black & Scholes option price determination model using assumptions at the moment of the grant. It does not reflect the current market value. Details on the assumptions used for the calculation are provided in Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(3)
As of June 1, 2004.

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            At the Annual General Shareholders' meeting held on April 29, 2004, our shareholders approved the adoption of a new share option plan, the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan. Pursuant to the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan, the number of options granted to eligible employees and the vesting of the options granted will be dependent on the performance of the Company relative to a peer group as measured over a three-year period. Approximately 330 managers will be eligible to participate in the Buhrmann Incentive Plan which will be effective as from May 1, 2004.

            In determining options to be granted under the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan and the terms upon which they are to be granted, the performance of the Company will be measured by the concept of total shareholder return, or TSR. Using TSR, which shows the total return to shareholders as a combination of share price appreciation and dividends distributed, we will be able to compare the performance of the Company's shares against other companies' shares over time.

            Under the terms of the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan, the financial performance of the Company as measured by TSR will be compared to the TSR of a reference (or peer) group of twelve companies. The criteria for a company to fit within this peer group of companies includes, among other things, that such company (i) be in the same of similar industry as Buhrmann; (ii) have a comparable business model to Buhrmann; (iii) be listed or traded on a major stock exchange; (iv) have a minimum market capitalization; (v) be present in at least North America or Europe; and (vi) be considered a peer of Buhrmann by both the investor community and by Buhrmann itself.

            The peer group companies for option grants under the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan in 2004 are: Boise Cascade Corp.; Office Depot, Inc.; Staples, Inc.; United Stationers, Inc.; W.W. Grainger, Inc.; Hagemeyer N.V.; Manutan International S.A.; Rexel S.A.; Genuine Parts Company; Bunzl PLC; Randstad Holding NV; and Wesco International, Inc. The composition of the peer group may be changed by the Supervisory Board after 2004, provided that the above listed peer group criteria are met. In addition, where options have been granted, but have not yet begun vesting, the Supervisory Board may change the composition of the peer group with respect to that grant, if a peer group company at the time of grant no longer meets one or more of the criteria.

            The TSR for each peer group company will be calculated over the three-year period following each annual grant of options under the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan, and each peer group company will be ranked in descending order of generated TSR to determine the relative position of the Company. The vesting of options granted under the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan will be conditional upon the TSR ranking of Buhrmann relative to the applicable peer group after three years, as follows:

TSR ranking of Buhrmann
   Percentage of options granted vesting
1   200
2   175
3   150
4   125
5   100
6   75
7   50
8–13   0

            The Company will report its relative TSR performance in its annual report from the 2004 annual report onwards.

            The maximum number of options authorized for grant under the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan, 1,708,649, represents 1.25% of the total number of Ordinary Shares outstanding as of May 3, 2004, the date of the option grant. This amount may be increased to up to 2.5% if, as a result of the Company's

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performance relative to the peer group, more than 100% of the granted options vest. In addition, a maximum of 20% of the total number of options granted in any one year may be granted to Members of the Executive Board. The allocation of options granted under the new Buhrmann Incentive Plan to individual Members of the Executive Board will be determined by the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

            On June 1, 2004, the Members of the Executive Board held option rights on 229,000 Buhrmann Ordinary Shares granted under the New Buhrmann Incentive Plan:

 
   June 1, 2004
   Granted
during the
year
   Option exercise price in
euro
   Expiry date
F.H.J. Koffrie   85,000   2004   7.79   5/2/2011
G. Dean   42,000   2004   7.79   5/2/2011
M.S. Hoffman   60,000   2004   7.79   5/2/2011
F.F. Waller   42,000   2004   7.79   5/2/2011
   
           
Total   229,000            
   
           

Employees

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
Average number of employees   18,614   20,350   21,833
Number of employees per division at year end(1):            
Office Products North America   10,775   12,211   14,240
Office Products Europe and Australia   5,873   6,023   6,228
Graphic Systems   1,114   1,139   1,176
Corporate Headquarters   70   74   72
   
 
 
Total   17,832 (2) 19,447   21,716
   
 
 

Number of employees per geographical region at year end(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States   9,727   11,149   13,134
United Kingdom   596   685   935
The Netherlands   1,076   1,350   1,448
Germany   1,478   1,644   1,862
Rest of EMU members   2,639   2,029   1,871
Australia and New Zealand   1,941   1,619   1,460
Rest of the World   375   971   1,006
   
 
 
Total   17,832 (2) 19,447   21,716
   
 
 
(1)
Excluding employees of the Company's Paper Merchanting Division which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003.

(2)
Excludes 447 temporary employees.

Labor Relations

            We estimate that in 2003 less than 5% of our workforce in European countries was covered under collective bargaining agreements. In Europe, the staff in our distribution centres are in general represented by trade unions. Buhrmann has various local and European works councils. Pursuant to local country law, these works councils primarily serve an advisory role.

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            Buhrmann is also required by Dutch law to consult with the works councils in some decision-making processes if they affect operations in the Netherlands.

            In the United States, approximately 500 employees are currently covered by collective bargaining agreements, which is equivalent to approximately 5% of the workforce in the United States. The primary union in the United States is the International Brotherhood of Teamsters.

            Neither Buhrmann nor any of its subsidiaries or affiliates has recently experienced labor actions or disruptions that had a materially adverse impact on its operations. In general, Buhrmann believes that the work climate is stable throughout the Company.

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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

Principal Shareholders

            Buhrmann NV has an authorized share capital of 610,000,000 shares, divided into 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, 54,940,000 Preference Shares A, 305,000,000 Preference Shares B and 60,000 Preference Shares C. The Ordinary Shares may, at the option of the shareholder, be bearer shares or registered shares. The Preference Shares A and B can only be registered shares. The Preference Shares C are registered shares, but may under certain conditions be bearer shares.

            On June 1, 2004, the issued and paid-in share capital was divided into 191,452,135 issued shares, consisting of 138,126,528 Ordinary Shares, 53,281,979 Preference Shares A and 43,628 Preference Shares C, all of which have been fully paid-up. No Preference Shares B have been issued or are otherwise outstanding.

            As of June 1, 2004, 2.52 million Ordinary Shares were held in the form of American Depositary Shares (ADS) by 4 registered American Depositary Receipt (ADR) holders.

            All of the outstanding Preference Shares A representing approximately 27.8% % of the total voting power in Buhrmann NV at June 1, 2004 are held in "trust" by Stichting Administratiekantoor van Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann, or the Trust Office. The Trust Office has issued depositary receipts against the Preference Shares A, which depositary receipts are listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange.

            At June 1, 2004, of the total outstanding Preference Shares C 64.3% were held by Apollo and 30.6% were held by Bain, see "Related Party Transactions."

            Under the Disclosure of Major Holdings in Listed Companies Act 1996 in the Netherlands, shareholders in listed companies are required to give notice to the Dutch Authority Financial Markets when their shareholdings exceed certain thresholds based on the total amount of voting capital stock outstanding of the listed company, the lowest of which is 5%. Because the obligation to file the notice is based on the holder's percentage interest of the entire outstanding voting capital stock of the listed company, rather than the holder's percentage interest of a particular class of stock, we are not notified of, or otherwise able to accurately identify, the number of shares held by such persons by class of stock and/or depositary receipts. In addition, as a matter of Dutch law, shareholders are not required to provide us regularly with updated notifications. As a result, unless and until we receive such notifications, we are not, nor would be likely to be, aware of any significant changes in the ownership of our Ordinary Shares and Preference Shares A and C.

            In addition to notifications filed under the Disclosure of Major Holdings in Listed Companies Act 1996, under the U.S. Federal securities laws any person who acquires, directly or indirectly, the beneficial ownership of more than 5% of our Ordinary Shares or ADS's is required to file certain reports as to such ownership with the SEC.

            As far as we are aware, including from our review of available filings under the Disclosure of Major Holdings in Listed Companies Act 1996 and the U.S. Federal securities laws, the following

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persons are the only holders of more than 5% of any class of our voting shares (excluding the Trust Office which holds 100% of our Preference Shares A:

Entity
   Percentage of Total Shares(1)
AEGON NV   5.2
Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P.(2)   11.7
Bain Capital, Inc.(2)   5.6
Cobepa NV   5.2
Dexia SA   5.1
FMR Corp   5.3
Fortis Utrecht NV   6.3
ING Groep NV   10.0
NIB Capital NV   7.6
(1)
Pursuant to the rules of the Disclosure of Major Holdings in Listed Companies Act 1996, percentage of total shares is calculated on the basis of shares held in proportion to the total number of outstanding shares of our capital stock; provided that percentage of total shares held by FMR Corp. Are calculated pursuant to the U.S. Federal securities laws and represent the percentage of total outstanding Ordinary Shares held by such person..

(2)
Pursuant to the rules of the Disclosure of Major Holdings in Listed Companies Act 1996, the number of Ordinary Shares into which the Preference Shares C are convertible are deemed outstanding for purposes of determining the number of shares held by such person (and not for any other person), but are not deemed to be otherwise outstanding for purposes of calculating the percentage of total outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company held by such person.

            The Company's major shareholders do not have any special voting rights, except for Apollo and Bain as described in "Related Party Transactions."

            We are not aware of any corporation, foreign government or other natural or legal person which could be deemed to directly or indirectly own or control Buhrmann NV.

            Buhrmann believes that at September 30, 2003, approximately 17% of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares (approximately 23 million shares) were held in the United States, all of which, we believe, were held by institutional investors. The foregoing is based on a third party investigation relating to the geographical spread of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares. This investigation is made once a year and the latest available information is as at September 30, 2003.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Holders of Preference Shares C

            On October 28, 1999, affiliates of Apollo and affiliates of Bain purchased a total of 35,000 Preference Shares C for an aggregate purchase price of $350 million. The Apollo group purchased 23,500 Preference Shares C for a purchase price of $235 million and the Bain group purchased 11,500 Preference Shares C for a purchase price of $115 million, including 300 Preference Shares C purchased by Peder Smedvig Capital AS for a purchase price of $3 million. Pursuant to distributions of dividend in kind, the total number of Preference Shares C as at June 1, 2004 is 43,628 of which 28,059 Preference Shares C are held by the Apollo Group and 13,329 are held by the Bain Group. Certain of the material rights of Apollo and Bain which exist under the Stock Purchase Agreement executed in connection with their purchase of the Preference Shares C are summarized below.

            So long as the Apollo holders and the Bain holders hold 75% of their initial investment, Buhrmann NV will nominate and propose to the shareholders' meeting the appointment to Buhrmann NV's Supervisory Board of two people, one proposed by each of the Apollo holders and the Bain holders. If either the group of Apollo holders or the group of Bain holders hold at least 75% of their initial investment and the other group holds an amount of shares that is less than this percentage, Buhrmann NV will nominate and propose to the shareholders' meeting the appointment to Buhrmann NV's Supervisory Board of one person proposed by the Apollo holders or the Bain holders. In addition, if neither the Apollo holders nor the Bain holders hold 75% of their initial investment, but together the Apollo holders and the Bain holders hold 50% of their combined initial investment, Buhrmann NV will nominate and propose to the shareholders' meeting the appointment to Buhrmann NV's Supervisory Board of one person proposed jointly by the Apollo holders and the Bain holders.

            So long as the Apollo holders or the Bain holders have the right to nominate and propose to the shareholders' meeting the appointment to Buhrmann NV's Supervisory Board of at least one person, Buhrmann NV is required to obtain the consent of the holders of a majority of the Preference Shares C, or the Ordinary Shares into which the Preference Shares C are convertible, held by the Apollo holders or the Bain holders before it can take certain actions. These actions include making acquisitions and divestments for values over $350 million, declaring or paying any dividends on Ordinary Shares if the aggregate value of all dividends paid or payable by Buhrmann NV exceeds 35% of Buhrmann NV's consolidated net income and, subject to certain exceptions, issuing any equity securities of Buhrmann NV or its subsidiaries.

            If the Apollo holders or the Bain holders fail to give consent to one of these actions during the two years after the date the Preference Shares C are issued, Buhrmann NV has an option to redeem all, but not less than all, of the Preference Shares C, or the Ordinary Shares into which the Preference Shares C are convertible, subject to the following conditions:

            If the Apollo holders or the Bain holders fail to give consent to one of these actions after the first two years after the date the Preference Shares C are issued, Buhrmann NV has a similar redemption option for a price that would result in a 20% annualized internal rate of return for the Preference Shares C for the period for which the Preference Shares C were outstanding.

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            In return for being granted the special rights described above, the Apollo holders and the Bain holders have agreed to certain standstill and lock-up provisions. So long as the Apollo holders and the Bain holders own Preference Shares C or Ordinary Shares of Buhrmann NV into which the Preference Shares C are convertible, each of the Apollo holders and the Bain holders has agreed that it will not purchase any additional equity interest in Buhrmann NV.

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

            The following table sets forth the total amounts outstanding of loans extended to Members of the Executive Board as at the periods ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 and as at the period ended June 1, 2004 (in thousands of euro):

 
   Principal
   Interest
   Outstanding
as at
December 31, 2002
   Repaid in
2003
   Outstanding
as at
December 31, 2003
   Repaid in
2004(1)
   Outstanding
as at June 1,
2004
F.H.J. Koffrie:                            
1999   46   4.00 % 14   9   5   4   1
2000   25   5.00 % 13   5   8   2   6
2001   16   5.25 % 12   4   8   1   7
2002   78   5.25 % 72   16   56   6   50
           
 
 
 
 
            111   34   77   13   64
           
 
 
 
 
F.F. Waller:                            
2000   13   5.00 % 6   2   4   1   3
2001   8   5.25 % 6   2   4   1   3
2002   43   5.25 % 39   8   31   4   27
           
 
 
 
 
            51   12   39   6   33
           
 
 
 
 
Total           162   46   116   19   97
           
 
 
 
 
(1)
As of June 1, 2004.

            No new loans have been granted to Members of the executive Board since 2002. The outstanding loans are generally repaid over a period of five years from their date of grant. Historically, these loans have been granted by the Company within the context of the Buhrmann Share Option Plan and served to finance the upfront payment of income taxes due from the optionees upon the grant of the options under Dutch tax law.

            No loans have been extended to Members of the Supervisory Board.

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DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS

The Senior Credit Facility

            The Senior Credit Facility was arranged in the course of 2003 and funded on December 31, 2003. The Senior Credit Facility initially consisted of a Term Loan A of €120 million and Term Loan B with tranches of €50 million and $380 million plus a working capital facility of €255 million. As of the closing of the offering of the old notes, the Term Loan B was converted into a Term Loan C. The security provided for the Senior Credit Facility is a pledge on assets by Buhrmann NV, the Issuer and substantially all of its existing and future U.S. subsidiaries and certain of its material non-U.S. subsidiaries. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility bear interest at floating rates related to LIBOR or EURIBOR, as applicable, for the relevant currency for varying fixed interest periods. The interest rate margins for the working capital facility, the Term Loan A and the Term Loan B vary with the leverage ratio (pricing grid). The initial margin for the working capital facility and the Term Loan A is 2.50%, and for the Term Loan B is 2.75%. The margin for the Term Loan C is 2.50%. The working capital facility carries a fee of 0.75% for the undrawn balance. The documentation of the Senior Credit Facility provides for uncommitted increases in the working capital facility and term loans subject to meeting certain conditions such as a maximum senior leverage ratio. This gives the Company the opportunity to raise funds for refinancing other components of the capital structure such as the 2009 Notes. As of the closing of the offering of the old notes, the facilities were increased by $125 million with a margin corresponding to the Term Loan C.

            The Senior Credit Facility imposes certain restrictions on Buhrmann and certain of its subsidiaries, including restrictions on the ability to incur additional indebtedness. Also, Buhrmann is required to apply a percentage of the proceeds of any equity offering and sale of assets to the prepayment of debt under the facility. Under the Senior Credit Facility, Buhrmann must also comply with certain financial covenants. Buhrmann was in compliance with these financial covenants at December 31, 2003. It is noted that among other things, the earnings before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and amortization of goodwill used for banking covenant calculation purposes may differ significantly from the EBITDA as derived from our consolidated financial statements due to specific contractual definitions. Also, profit and loss items are calculated on a rolling four-quarterly basis. If Buhrmann fails to comply with the covenants in the Senior Credit Facility, there could be an event of default under the Senior Credit Facility. In addition, the lenders under the Senior Credit Facility could demand repayment of the debt under the Senior Credit Facility, and seek to foreclose on Buhrmann's assets that secure the Senior Credit Facility. Buhrmann can on occasion obtain consent from its lenders to amend certain terms and conditions of the Senior Credit Facility, which may involve additional fees.

7-year Subordinated Convertible Bond

            In addition to the Senior Credit Facility, in December 2003, Buhrmann issued its €115 million Subordinated Convertible Bond with listing on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. The Subordinated Convertible Bond has a coupon of 2% which is payable annually on June 18 and is convertible in Buhrmann Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of €8.40 per Ordinary Share. The Subordinated Convertible Bond must be redeemed on or before December 18, 2010. Buhrmann has the option to redeem the Subordinated Convertible Bond after July 9, 2008 if the official closing price of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares has been in excess of 150% of the conversion price for 20 trading days in a period of 30 trading days.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

            Buhrmann has an Accounts Receivable Securitization Program under which funds are raised by pledging accounts receivable from operating companies in the Netherlands and the US as security for

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short-term and medium-term borrowings. The operating companies sell their accounts receivable to Buhrmann Silver SA and Buhrmann Silver US LLC, which in turn pledge the accounts receivable to third-party dedicated entities as security for short-term borrowings in the form of Short Term Notes and Medium Term Notes. At December 31, 2003, accounts receivables of €248 million were pledged under this program. The program delivers funding at attractive rates and at the same time diversifies sources of capital and increases financial flexibility. Both receivables and borrowings related to this program are included in our consolidated balance sheet.

            The Short Term Notes are issued in U.S. dollars, reflecting the currency of the pledged receivables. The amount of Short Term Notes outstanding against the receivables pledged, fluctuate as a result of liquidity requirements, advance rates calculated and invoices outstanding. The maximum amount of Short Term Notes outstanding during 2003 was €69 million. To ensure availability of re-financing for the notes, a back-up liquidity facility has been arranged. At December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 no Short Term Notes were outstanding.

            In July 2002, Medium Term Notes in U.S. dollars and GBP were issued. As a consequence of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, the collateral for the Notes denominated in GBP in the form of accounts receivables denominated in GBP generated by Paper Merchanting companies in the UK, no longer existed. The Notes outstanding in GBP, amounting to GBP 107 million were therefore redeemed on November 25, 2003. At December 31, 2003, $100 million of Medium Term Notes were outstanding. The average interest margin, including issuers cost, is approximately 0.50% over LIBOR.

            The transactions relating to the accounts receivable securitization program are as follows:

            The Buhrmann operating companies in the Netherlands and the United States that sell their accounts receivable into Buhrmann's securitization program are called the Dutch Originators and U.S. Originators, respectively. The Dutch Originators sell their receivables on a true sale basis to the European Receivables Warehouse: Buhrmann Silver SA. Buhrmann Silver SA (a wholly owned Buhrmann subsidiary) sells the receivables onward to the Silver Securitisation B.V. (the European Master Purchaser). Silver Securitisation B.V. is a separate company of which the shares are held by a Stichting (Dutch Foundation) which is controlled by a board independent from Buhrmann. Silver Securitisation B.V. Holds the European receivables and issues Buhrmann Notes with the receivables as security to the investors in these Notes. Investors in the Notes are Rheingold no 11 Ltd (a Jersey company sponsored by Deutsche Bank AG) as Initial Buhrmann Note Purchaser and Silver Funding Ltd as MTN issuer. The shares of Silver Funding are held by the Silver Funding Charitable Trust which is controlled by a board that is independent from Buhrmann.

            In the United States the U.S. Originators sell their receivables to the U.S. Master Purchaser: Buhrmann Silver US LLC, which is a partnership with the U.S. Originators as partners. The U.S. Master Purchaser issues Buhrmann U.S. Notes to both the Initial Buhrmann Notes Purchaser and the MTN Issuer. The U.S. Master Purchaser and the European Master Purchaser have issued a cross guarantee on their respective receivables.

            With the Buhrmann Notes and Buhrmann U.S. Notes as collateral, Rheingold no 11 Ltd and Silver Funding Ltd raise funds in the market. Rheingold no 11 issues Commercial Paper (Short Term Notes) through the CP Issuer Rheingold Securitisation Ltd. Silver Funding Ltd issues Medium Term Notes, which are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, in U.S. dollars and euro. As the euro denominated notes have the U.S. dollars pool as their primary collateral, the Notes outstanding in euro have been swapped to U.S. dollars until maturity of the Notes.

            Buhrmann Stafdiensten B.V. (a Dutch Buhrmann company) services the program.

            The receivables sold by the Dutch Originators and the U.S. Originators to Buhrmann Silver SA and Buhrmann Silver US LLC are included in Buhrmann's Consolidated Balance Sheet, both under Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP. Also the Buhrmann Notes issued by Silver Securitisation B.V. And the Buhrmann U.S. Notes issued by Buhrmann Silver US LLC are included in Buhrmann's Consolidated Balance Sheet, both under Dutch GAAP and U.S. GAAP.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

            Buhrmann US Inc. issued the old notes and will issue the exchange notes (collectively, the "Notes") under an indenture (the "Indenture") among itself, Buhrmann N.V. ("Parent"), the other Guarantors and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (the "Trustee"). The form and terms of the exchange notes are identical to those of the old notes in all material respects, except that the exchange notes will have been registered under the Securities Act. See "The Exchange Offer—Purpose and Effect."

            The following is a summary of the material provisions of the Indenture. It does not include all of the provisions of the Indenture. We urge you to read the Indenture because it defines your rights. We have filed a copy of the Indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement, which includes this prospectus. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the "TIA"). You can find definitions of certain capitalized terms used in this description under "—Certain Definitions."

            The Notes will be unsecured obligations of the Issuer, ranking subordinate in right of payment to all Senior Debt of the Issuer.

            The Issuer will issue the Notes in fully registered form in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof. The Trustee will initially act as Paying Agent and Registrar for the Notes. The Notes may be presented for registration or transfer and exchange at the offices of the Registrar. The Issuer may change any Paying Agent and Registrar without notice to holders of the Notes (the "Holders"). The Issuer will pay principal (and premium, if any) on the Notes at the Trustee's corporate office in New York, New York. At the Issuer's option, interest may be paid at the Trustee's corporate trust office or by check mailed to the registered address of Holders. Any Notes that remain outstanding after the completion of the exchange offer, together with the exchange notes issued in connection with the exchange offer, will be treated as a single class of securities under the Indenture.

Principal, Maturity and Interest

            The Notes are unlimited in aggregate principal amount, of which $150.0 million were issued by the Issuer on July 1, 2004. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2014. Additional Notes may be issued from time to time, subject to the limitations set forth under "Certain Covenants—Limitation on Incurrence of Additional Indebtedness." Interest on the Notes will accrue at the rate of 8.25% per annum and will be payable semiannually in cash on each July 1 and January 1 commencing on January 1, 2005, to the persons who are registered Holders at the close of business on the June 15 and December 15 immediately preceding the applicable interest payment date. Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from and including the date of issuance.

            The Notes will not be entitled to the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund.

Redemption

            Optional Redemption.    Except as described below, the Notes are not redeemable before July 1, 2009. Thereafter, the Issuer may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole or in part, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of the

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principal amount thereof) if redeemed during the twelve-month period commencing on July 1 of the year set forth below:

Year
   Percentage
2009   104.125%
2010   102.750%
2011   101.375%
2012 and thereafter   100.000%

            In addition, the Issuer must pay accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes redeemed.

            Optional Redemption Upon Equity Offerings.    At any time, or from time to time, on or prior to July 1, 2007, the Issuer may, at its option, use the Net Cash Proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings (as defined below) to redeem up to 35% of the principal amount of the Notes issued under the Indenture at a redemption price of 108.25% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the date of redemption; provided that:

            Make-Whole Optional Redemption.    On or prior to July 1, 2009, the Issuer may also redeem all or a part of the Notes, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' prior notice to Holders, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of Notes redeemed plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption, subject to the rights of Holders on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date.

            Neither the Issuer nor the Parent is prohibited, however, from acquiring Notes by means other than a redemption, whether pursuant to an issuer tender offer or otherwise, assuming such acquisition does not otherwise violate the terms of the Indenture.

            Redemption of Notes for Changes in Withholding Taxes.    The Issuer may, at its option, redeem all, but not less than all, of the then outstanding Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date. This redemption applies only if at such time any non-US Guarantor (as described below under "—Additional Amounts") is then making payments to the Holders of the Notes pursuant to its Guarantee of the Notes and as a result of any amendment to, or change in, the laws or treaties (including any rulings or regulations promulgated thereunder) of the Netherlands or any other jurisdiction in which any non-US Guarantor is organized or is a resident for tax purposes or any political subdivision or taxing authority or agency thereof or therein (or, in the case of Additional Amounts payable by a successor person to such non-US Guarantor, of the jurisdiction in which such successor person is organized or is a resident for tax purposes or any political subdivision or taxing authority or agency thereof or therein) or any amendment to or change in any official position concerning the interpretation, administration or application of such laws, treaties, rulings or regulations (including a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction), which amendment or change is effective on or after the Issue Date (or, in the case of Additional Amounts payable by a successor person to such non-US Guarantor, the date on which such successor person became such pursuant to applicable provision of the Indenture), that a non-US Guarantor becomes or will become obligated to pay Additional Amounts (as described below under "—Additional Amounts") on the next date on which any amount would be payable with respect to its Guarantee of the Notes and such non-US Guarantor determines in good faith that (x) such Additional Amounts would be material and (y) such obligation cannot be avoided (including, without limitation, by changing the jurisdiction from which or through

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which payment is made (including by making the payment through the Issuer)) by the use of reasonable measures available to such non-US Guarantor.

            No such notice of redemption may be given earlier than 90 days prior to the earliest date on which a non-US Guarantor would be obligated to pay such Additional Amounts were a payment in respect of its Guarantee of the Notes then due or later than 180 days after such amendment or change referred to in the preceding paragraph. At the time such notice of redemption is given, such obligation to pay such Additional Amount must remain in effect. Immediately prior to the mailing of any notice of redemption described above, the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee (i) a certificate stating that the Issuer is entitled to elect to effect such redemption and setting forth a statement of facts showing that the conditions precedent to the right of the Issuer so to elect to redeem have occurred and (ii) an opinion of counsel qualified under the laws of the relevant jurisdiction to the effect that the applicable non-US Guarantor or such successor Person, as the case may be, has or will become obligated to pay such Additional Amounts as a result of such amendment or change.

Additional Amounts

            All payments made by any Guarantor which is not formed or incorporated under the laws of the United States or any State thereof (each a "non-US Guarantors") under or with respect to such non-US Guarantor's Guarantee will be made free and clear of and without withholding or deduction for or on account of any present or future Taxes imposed or levied by or on behalf of any Taxing Authority within the Netherlands, or within any other jurisdiction in which such non-US Guarantor is organized or engaged in business for tax purposes, unless such non-US Guarantor is required to withhold or deduct Taxes by law or by the interpretation or administration thereof. If any non-US Guarantor is required to withhold or deduct any amount for or on account of Taxes imposed by a Taxing Authority within the Netherlands, or within any other jurisdiction in which such non-US Guarantor is organized or engaged in business for tax purposes (any of the aforementioned being a "Taxing Jurisdiction"), from any payment made under or with respect to the Guarantee of such non-US Guarantor, such non-US Guarantor will pay such additional amounts ("Additional Amounts") as may be necessary so that the net amount received by each holder of Notes (including Additional Amounts) after such withholding or deduction will equal the amount the holder would have received if such Taxes had not been withheld or deducted; provided, however, that no Additional Amounts will be payable with respect to:

143


            The foregoing provisions shall survive any termination or discharge of the Indenture and shall apply mutatis mutandis to any Taxing Jurisdiction with respect to any successor Person to a non-US Guarantor.

            Each applicable non-US Guarantor will also make any applicable withholding or deduction and remit the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant authority in accordance with applicable law. Each applicable non-US Guarantor will furnish to the Trustee, within 30 days after the date the payment of any Taxes deducted or withheld is due pursuant to applicable law, certified copies of tax receipts or, if such tax receipts are not reasonably available to such non-US Guarantor, such other documentation that provides reasonable evidence of such payment by such non-US Guarantor. Copies of such receipts or other documentation will be made available to the Holders or the paying agents, as applicable, upon request.

            At least 30 days prior to each date on which any payment under or with respect to any Notes is due and payable, unless such obligation to pay Additional Amounts arises after the 30th day prior to such date, in which case it shall be promptly paid thereafter, if any non-US Guarantor will be obligated to pay Additional Amounts with respect to such payment, such non-US Guarantor will deliver to the Trustee and the paying agent an officer's certificate stating the fact that such Additional Amounts will be payable and the amounts so payable and will set forth such other information necessary to enable

144


such Trustee and paying agent to pay such Additional Amounts to Holders of such Notes on the payment date. Each officer's certificate shall be relied upon until receipt of a further officer's certificate addressing such matters.

            Whenever in the Indenture or in this "Description of the Notes" there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or of any other amount payable under or with respect to any Note, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof.

            The non-US Guarantors will pay any present or future stamp, court or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies that arise in any jurisdiction from the execution, delivery, enforcement or registration of their respective Guarantees of the Notes, the Indenture or any other document or instrument in relation thereto, excluding all such taxes, charges or similar levies imposed by any jurisdiction outside the United States in which any non-US Guarantor or any successor Person is organized or resident for tax purposes or any jurisdiction in which a paying agent is located, and the non-US Guarantors will agree to indemnify the Holders of the Notes for any such non-excluded taxes paid by such Holders.

Selection and Notice of Redemption

            In the event that the Issuer chooses to redeem less than all of the Notes, selection of the Notes for redemption will be made by the Trustee either:

            No Notes of a principal amount of $1,000 or less shall be redeemed in part. If a partial redemption is made with the proceeds of an Equity Offering, the Trustee will select the Notes only on a pro rata basis or on as nearly a pro rata basis as is practicable (subject to DTC procedures). Notice of redemption will be mailed by first-class mail at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address. On and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption as long as the Issuer has deposited with the Paying Agent funds in satisfaction of the applicable redemption price.

Subordination

            The payment of all Obligations on or relating to the Notes is subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Obligations on Senior Debt of the Issuer (including all Obligations with respect to the Credit Agreement, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter incurred). Notwithstanding the foregoing, payments and distributions made from the trust established pursuant to the provisions described under "—Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance" shall not be so subordinated in right of payment so long as the payments into the trust were made in accordance with the requirements described under "—Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance" and did not violate the subordination provisions when they were made.

            The holders of Senior Debt will be entitled to receive payment in full in cash or Cash Equivalents of all Obligations due in respect of Senior Debt before the Holders of Notes will be

145


entitled to receive any payment or distribution of any kind or character with respect to any Obligations on, or relating to, the Notes in the event of any distribution to creditors of the Issuer:

            The Issuer also may not make any payment or distribution of any kind or character with respect to any Obligations on, or relating to, the Notes or acquire any Notes for cash or assets or otherwise, other than payments and distributions made from the trust established pursuant to the provisions described under "—Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance" so long as the payments into the trust were made in accordance with the requirements described under "—Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance" and did not violate the subordination provisions when they were made, if:

            Payments on and distributions with respect to any Obligations on, or with respect to the Notes may and shall be resumed:

            No new Payment Blockage Notice may be delivered unless and until 360 days have elapsed since the effectiveness of the immediately prior Payment Blockage Notice.

            No nonpayment default that existed or was continuing on the date of delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee shall be, or be made, the basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage Notice unless such default shall have been cured or waived for a period of not less than 90 consecutive days (it being acknowledged that any subsequent action, or any breach of any financial covenants for a period ending after the date of delivery of such initial Payment Blockage Notice that in either case would give rise to a default pursuant to any provisions under which a default previously existed or was continuing shall constitute a new default for this purpose).

            The Issuer must promptly notify holders of Senior Debt if payment of the Notes is accelerated because of an Event of Default.

            As a result of the subordination provisions described above in the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of the Issuer, Holders of the Notes may recover less ratably than creditors of the Issuer who are holders of Senior Debt. See "Risk Factors—Risks related to the Offering—Your right to receive payments on the Notes is junior to our existing and future senior debt."

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            After giving effect to the offering of the old notes and the related transactions, on a pro forma basis, at March 31, 2004, the aggregate amount of Senior Debt outstanding would have been approximately €724 million, excluding an additional €65 million and $247 million of additional uncommitted borrowings available under the Credit Agreement and €150 million of additional committed borrowings available under the Credit Agreement.

Guarantees

            The Guarantors will jointly and severally guarantee, on a senior subordinated basis, the Issuer's obligations under the Indenture and the Notes. The Parent and its existing and future U.S. Subsidiaries and non-U.S. Subsidiaries that are guarantors or obligors under the Credit Agreement will be Guarantors; Receivables Subsidiaries are not Guarantors. See "Certain Definitions—Guarantors" for a list of the Guarantors. Each Guarantor will also jointly and severally guarantee, on a senior subordinated basis, the obligations of each other Guarantor under its Guarantee. Each Guarantee will be subordinated to Guarantor Senior Debt on the same basis as the Notes are subordinated to Senior Debt.

            The obligations of certain of the Subsidiary Guarantors are limited and the obligators of each Subsidiary Guarantor are subject to the application of fraudulent conveyance and other similar laws. See "Risk Factors—U.S. Federal, U.S. state and Dutch statutes allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void guarantees and required note holders to return payments received from guarantors". Each Subsidiary Guarantor that makes a payment or distribution under its Guarantee shall be entitled to a contribution from each other Subsidiary Guarantor in a pro rata amount based on the Adjusted Net Assets of each Subsidiary Guarantor. The Subsidiary Guarantors on the Issue Date accounted for approximately 71% of the consolidated assets of the Buhrmann Group as of December 31, 2003 and approximately 65% of consolidated revenues (excluding the Paper Merchanting Division) for the year ended December 31, 2003.

            Any Guarantee by a Restricted Subsidiary will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged, without any further action required on the part of the Trustee or any Holder, upon:

Change of Control

            Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Issuer must offer to purchase all of the Notes pursuant to the offer described below (the "Change of Control Offer"), at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the date of purchase.

            Within 35 days following the date upon which the Change of Control occurred, the Issuer must send, by first class mail, a notice to each Holder, with a copy to the Trustee, which notice shall govern the terms of the Change of Control Offer. Such notice shall state, among other things, the purchase date, which must be no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed, other than as may be required by law (the "Change of Control Payment Date"). Holders who tender their Notes in a Change of Control Offer must tender prior to the close of business on the third business day prior to the Change of Control Payment Date.

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            Prior to the mailing of the notice referred to above, but in any event within 30 days following any Change of Control, the Issuer covenants to:


            The Issuer shall first comply with the covenant in the immediately preceding paragraph before it shall be required to purchase Notes pursuant to the provisions described below. There can be no assurance that the Issuer will have sufficient funds available at the time of any Change of Control to repay such Senior Debt or that the Issuer will be able to obtain the requisite consents as required by such covenant. The Issuer's failure to comply with the covenant described in the immediately preceding paragraph may (with notice and lapse of time) constitute an Event of Default described in clause (3) but shall not constitute an Event of Default described in clause (2) under "—Events of Default" below.

            If a Change of Control Offer is made, there can be no assurance that the Issuer will have available funds sufficient to pay the Change of Control purchase price for all the Notes that might be delivered by Holders seeking to accept the Change of Control Offer. In the event the Issuer is required to purchase outstanding Notes pursuant to a Change of Control Offer, the Issuer expects that it would seek third party financing to the extent it does not have available funds to meet its purchase obligations. However, there can be no assurance that the Issuer would be able to obtain such financing.

            The Change of Control provisions of the Indenture, as well as the restrictions in the Indenture described herein on the ability of Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries to incur additional Indebtedness, to grant Liens on its assets, to make Restricted Payments and to make Asset Sales, may make more difficult or discourage a takeover of Parent, whether favored or opposed by the management of Parent. Consummation of any such transaction in certain circumstances may require redemption or purchase of the Notes, and there can be no assurance that the Issuer or the acquiring party will have sufficient financial resources to effect such redemption or purchase. Such restrictions and the restrictions on transactions with Affiliates may, in certain circumstances, make more difficult or discourage any leveraged buyout of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries by Parent's management. While such restrictions cover a wide variety of arrangements which have traditionally been used to effect highly leveraged transactions, the Indenture may not afford the Holders protection in all circumstances from the adverse aspects of a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, restructuring, merger or similar transaction.

            The Issuer will comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent such laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of Notes pursuant to a Change of Control Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the "Change of Control" provisions of the Indenture, the Issuer shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached its obligations under the "Change of Control" provisions of the Indenture by virtue thereof.

            The Issuer will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer upon a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in the Indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer

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made by the Company and purchases all Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer.

Certain Covenants

            The Indenture will contain, among others, the following covenants:

            Limitation on Incurrence of Additional Indebtedness.    Parent will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume, guarantee, acquire, become liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to, or otherwise become responsible for payment of (collectively, "incur") any Indebtedness; provided that if no Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of or as a consequence of the incurrence of any such Indebtedness, the Issuer or any Guarantor may incur Indebtedness, and any Non-Guarantor Restricted Subsidiary may incur Acquired Indebtedness, in each case, if on the date of the incurrence of such Indebtedness, after giving effect to the incurrence of such Indebtedness and all other Indebtedness to be incurred on such date, the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of Parent is greater than 2.0 to 1.0 (this proviso, the "Coverage Ratio Exception").

            The preceding paragraph shall not prohibit any of following:

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150

            For purposes of determining any particular amount of Indebtedness under this covenant, guarantees, Liens or letter of credit obligations supporting Indebtedness otherwise included in the determination of such particular amount shall not be included. For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant, in the event that an item of Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the clauses (1) through (20) above or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to the Coverage Ratio Exception, Parent shall, in its sole discretion, classify (or later reclassify) such item of Indebtedness in any manner that complies with this covenant. Any (1) accrual of interest, (2) accretion or amortization of original issue discount, (3) payment of interest on any Indebtedness in the form of additional Indebtedness with the same terms, (4) payment of dividends on Disqualified Equity Interests in the form of additional shares of the same class of Disqualified Equity Interests or (5) change in the amount outstanding due solely to the result of fluctuations in the exchange rates of currencies, or (6) the reclassification of preferred stock or preference shares as Indebtedness due to a change in accounting principles will not be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness or an issuance of Disqualified Equity Interests for purposes of this covenant.

            Limitation on Restricted Payments.    Parent will not, and will not cause or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:

if at the time of such Restricted Payment or immediately after giving effect thereto,

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            Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph shall not prohibit:

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provided that in the case of clause (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) (with respect to Indebtedness of the Issuer referred to therein), (11), (12), (13) or (14) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing.

            Limitation on Liens.    Parent will not, and will not cause or permit any of the Guarantors to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or permit or suffer to exist any Lien of any kind against or upon any assets of Parent or any of the Guarantors whether owned on the Issue Date or acquired after the Issue Date, or any proceeds therefrom, or assign or otherwise convey any right to receive income or profits therefrom, which Lien secures Indebtedness (other than Senior Debt or Guarantor Senior Debt) or trade payables, unless:

            Limitation on Asset Sales.    Parent will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, consummate an Asset Sale unless:

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            To the extent that all or part of the Net Cash Proceeds of any Asset Sale are not applied within 365 days of such Asset Sale as set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph (such Net Cash Proceeds, the "Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds"), the Issuer shall, on the 366th day, make an offer to purchase (a "Net Proceeds Offer"), not less than 30 nor more than 60 days following such 366th day, all outstanding Notes up to a maximum principal amount (expressed as a multiple of $1,000) of Notes equal to the Note Portion of Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds, at a purchase price in cash equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest thereon to the date of purchase; provided, however, that the Net Proceeds Offer may be deferred until there are aggregate Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds equal to or in excess of $20.0 million, at which time the entire amount of such Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds, and not just the amount in excess of $20.0 million, shall be applied as required pursuant to this paragraph.

            In the event that any other Indebtedness of the Issuer that ranks pari passu with the Notes or any other Indebtedness of any Guarantor that ranks pari passu with such Guarantor's Guarantee ("Other Debt") requires an offer to purchase to be made to repurchase such Other Debt upon the consummation of an Asset Sale, the Issuer may apply the Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds otherwise required to be applied to a Net Proceeds Offer to offer to purchase such Other Debt and to a Net Proceeds Offer so long as the amount of such Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds applied to purchase the Notes is not less than the Note Portion of Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds. With respect to any Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds, the Issuer shall make the Net Proceeds Offer in respect thereof at the same time as the analogous offer to purchase is made pursuant to any Other Debt and the purchase date in respect of the Notes shall be the same as the purchase date in respect of such Other Debt.

            For purposes of this covenant, "Note Portion of Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds" means (1) if no Other Debt is being offered to be purchased, the amount of the Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds and (2) if Other Debt is being offered to be purchased, the amount of the Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds equal to the product of (x) the Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds and (y) a fraction the numerator of which is the principal amount of all Notes tendered pursuant to the Net Proceeds Offer related to such Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds (the "Note Amount") and the denominator of which is the sum of the

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Note Amount and the lesser of the aggregate principal face amount or accreted value as of the relevant purchase date of all Other Debt tendered pursuant to a concurrent offer to purchase such Other Debt made at the time of such Net Proceeds Offer.

            With respect to any Net Proceeds Offer effected pursuant to this covenant, to the extent the aggregate principal amount of Notes tendered pursuant to such Net Proceeds Offer exceeds the Note Portion of Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds to be applied to the repurchase thereof, such Notes shall be purchased pro rata based on the aggregate principal amount of such Notes tendered by each Holder.

            To the extent the Note Portion of Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds exceeds the aggregate principal amount of Notes tendered by the Holders pursuant to such Net Proceeds Offer, the Issuer may retain and utilize any portion of the Note Portion of Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds not applied to purchase the Notes for any purpose consistent with the other terms of the Indenture, and such amounts shall thereafter not constitute Unutilized Net Cash Proceeds.

            At any time any non-cash consideration received by Parent or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, as the case may be, in connection with any Asset Sale is converted into or sold or otherwise disposed of for cash (other than interest received with respect to any such non-cash consideration), such conversion or disposition shall be deemed to constitute an Asset Sale hereunder and the Net Cash Proceeds thereof shall be applied in accordance with this covenant.

            In the event of the Transfer of substantially all (but not all) of the assets of Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries as an entirety to a Person in a transaction permitted under "—Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets," which transaction does not constitute a Change of Control, the successor or transferee corporation shall be deemed to have sold the assets of Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries not so transferred for purposes of this covenant, and shall comply with the provisions of this covenant with respect to such deemed sale as if it were an Asset Sale. In addition, the fair market value of such assets of Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries deemed to be sold shall be deemed to be Net Cash Proceeds for purposes of this covenant.

            For the purposes of clause (2) of the first paragraph of this covenant, the following will be deemed to be cash:

            Notwithstanding the first two paragraphs of this covenant, Parent or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries will be permitted to consummate an Asset Sale without complying with such paragraphs to the extent that:

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            Each Net Proceeds Offer will be mailed to the record Holders as shown on the register of Holders within 25 days following the Net Proceeds Offer Trigger Date, with a copy to the Trustee, and shall comply with the procedures set forth in the Indenture.

            Upon receiving notice of the Net Proceeds Offer, Holders may elect to tender their Notes in whole or in part in integral multiples of $1,000. A Net Proceeds Offer shall remain open for a period of 20 business days or such longer period as may be required by law.

            The Issuer will comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent such laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the purchase of Notes pursuant to a Net Proceeds Offer. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the "Asset Sale" provisions of the Indenture, the Issuer shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached its obligations under the "Asset Sale" provisions of the Indenture by virtue thereof.

            Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates.    Parent will not, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, enter into or permit to exist any transaction or series of related transactions (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any assets or the rendering of any service) with, or for the benefit of, any of its Affiliates (each, an "Affiliate Transaction"), other than (x) Affiliate Transactions permitted under the third paragraph of this covenant below and (y) Affiliate Transactions on terms that are no less favorable than those that might reasonably have been obtained in a comparable transaction at such time on an arm's-length basis from a Person that is not an Affiliate of Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary.

            All Affiliate Transactions (and each series of related Affiliate Transactions which are similar or part of a common plan) involving aggregate payments or other assets with a fair market value in excess of $10.0 million shall be approved by the Board of Directors of Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, such approval to be evidenced by a Board Resolution stating that such Board of Directors has determined that such transaction complies with the foregoing provisions. If Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent enters into an Affiliate Transaction (or a series of related Affiliate Transactions related to a common plan) that involves an aggregate fair market value of more than $25.0 million, Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, shall, prior to the consummation thereof, obtain a favorable opinion from an Independent Financial Advisor that (a) the terms thereof are no less favorable to the Relevant Party than the terms that might reasonably be obtained in a comparable transaction at such time on an arm's-length basis from a Person that is not an Affiliate of Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary or (b) such transaction or series of related transactions are fair to the Relevant Party from a financial point of view, and file such opinion with the Trustee. "Relevant Party" means (x) in any transaction involving the Issuer or any Guarantor, the Issuer and the Guarantors involved and (y) in any other transaction, the Restricted Subsidiaries involved.

            The preceding two paragraphs shall not apply to:

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            Limitation on Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted Subsidiaries.    Parent will not, and will not cause or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or permit to exist or become effective any encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent to:

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            Additional Subsidiary Guarantees.    If, after the date of the Indenture, (a) any Restricted Subsidiary becomes an obligor (whether as borrower or guarantor) under the Credit Agreement, or (b) any Unrestricted Subsidiary is redesignated a Restricted Subsidiary in accordance with the definition of "Unrestricted Subsidiary," and such Restricted Subsidiary is an obligor (whether as borrower or guarantor) under the Credit Agreement, then, in any such case, Parent shall cause such Restricted Subsidiary to:

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) any Restricted Subsidiary that is not an obligor (whether as borrower or guarantor) with respect to the Credit Agreement shall not be required to become a Guarantor, (y) in the event that a Restricted Subsidiary is a borrower under the Credit Agreement but it is illegal under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the United States for such Restricted Subsidiary to execute an unconditional guarantee, such guarantee shall be limited to the extent that it would be allowed under applicable law and (z) in the event that it is illegal under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the United States for a Restricted Subsidiary to become a Guarantor, such Restricted Subsidiary shall not be required to become a Guarantor.

            Limitation on Preferred Stock of Non-Guarantors.    Parent will not cause or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that is not the Issuer or a Guarantor to issue any Preferred Stock (other than to the Issuer, Parent or a Wholly Owned Guarantor) or permit any Person (other than the Issuer, Parent or a Wholly Owned Guarantor) to own any Preferred Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent that is not the Issuer or a Guarantor.

            Prohibition on Incurrence of Senior Subordinated Debt.    Parent will not, and will not cause or permit the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary that is a Guarantor to, incur or suffer to exist Indebtedness that is senior in right of payment to the Notes or such Guarantor's Guarantee, as the case may be, and subordinate in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Issuer or such Guarantor, as the case may be.

            Reports to Holders.    Whether or not required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, so long as any Notes are outstanding, Parent will file with the Commission, and furnish, or caused to be furnished to, the Holders copies of:

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in each case within 15 days of the time periods specified for filing of such reports in the Commission's rules and regulations.

            In addition, for so long as any Notes remain outstanding, Parent will furnish to the Holders and to securities analysts and prospective investors, upon their request, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act.

            Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets.    (A) Parent will not, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, consolidate or merge with or into any Person, or Transfer (or cause or permit any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent to Transfer) all or substantially all of Parent's assets (determined on a consolidated basis for Parent and its Subsidiaries) whether as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, unless:

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For purposes of the foregoing, the Transfer in a single transaction or series of related transactions of all or substantially all of the assets of one or more Restricted Subsidiaries of Parent, the Capital Stock of which constitutes all or substantially all of the assets of Parent (determined on a consolidated basis for Parent and its Subsidiaries), shall be deemed to be the Transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of Parent.

            The Indenture will provide that upon any consolidation or merger in which Parent is not the continuing corporation, or any Transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of Parent in accordance with the foregoing, the Parent Surviving Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, Parent under its Guarantee, the Indenture and the Registration Rights Agreement with the same effect as if such Parent Surviving Entity had been named as such.

(B)
The Issuer will not, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, consolidate or merge with or into any Person, or Transfer (or cause or permit any Restricted Subsidiary of the Issuer to Transfer) all or substantially all of the Issuer's assets (determined on a consolidated basis for the Issuer and its Subsidiaries) whether as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, unless:

(1)
either:

(a)
the Issuer shall be the surviving or continuing corporation; or

(b)
the Person (if other than the Issuer) formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer is merged or the Transferee of such assets (the "Issuer Surviving Entity"):

(x)
shall be a corporation or limited liability company organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States or any State thereof or the District of Columbia; and

(y)
shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture (in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee), executed and delivered to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on all of the Notes and the performance of every covenant of the Notes, the Indenture and the Registration Rights Agreement on the part of the Issuer to be performed or observed;

(2)
unless such transaction is with Parent or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary immediately after giving effect to such transaction and the assumption contemplated by clause (B)(1)(b)(y) above (including giving effect to any Indebtedness incurred or anticipated to be incurred in connection with or in respect of such transaction), Parent could satisfy the provisions of paragraph (A)(2) above;

(3)
immediately before and immediately after giving effect to such transaction and the assumption contemplated by clause (B)(1)(b)(y) above (including giving effect to any Indebtedness incurred or anticipated to be incurred and any Lien granted in connection with or in respect of the transaction), no Default shall have occurred or be continuing; and

(4)
the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an officers' certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such transaction and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with the applicable provisions of the Indenture and that all conditions precedent in the Indenture relating to such transaction have been satisfied.

For purposes of the foregoing, the Transfer in a single transaction or series of related transactions of all or substantially all of the assets of one or more Restricted Subsidiaries of the Issuer, the Capital Stock

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of which constitutes all or substantially all of the assets of the Issuer (determined on a consolidated basis for the Issuer and its Subsidiaries), shall be deemed to be the Transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Issuer.

            The Indenture will provide that upon any consolidation or merger in which the Issuer is not the continuing corporation or any Transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Issuer in accordance with the foregoing, the Issuer Surviving Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Issuer under the Notes, the Indenture and the Registration Rights Agreement with the same effect as if such Issuer Surviving Entity had been named as such.

(C)
No Guarantor (other than Parent) will, and Parent will not cause or permit any such Guarantor to, consolidate with or merge with or into any Person unless:

(1)
either:

(a)
such Guarantor shall be the surviving or continuing corporation; or

(b)
the Person (if other than such Guarantor) formed by such consolidation or into which such Guarantor is merged shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture (in form and substance satisfactory to the Trustee), executed and delivered to the Trustee, all of the obligations of such Guarantor on its Guarantee and the performance of every covenant of such Guarantor's Guarantee, the Indenture and the Registration Rights Agreement on the part of such Guarantor to be performed or observed;

(2)
unless such transaction is with Parent or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary, immediately after giving effect to such transaction and the assumption contemplated by clause (C)(1)(b) above (including giving effect to any Indebtedness incurred or anticipated to be incurred in connection with or in respect of such transaction), Parent could satisfy the provisions of paragraph (A)(2) above;

(3)
immediately before and immediately after giving effect to such transaction and the assumption contemplated by clause (C)(1)(b) above (including giving effect to any Indebtedness incurred or anticipated to be incurred and any Lien granted in connection with or in respect of the transaction), no Default shall have occurred or be continuing; and

(4)
Parent shall have delivered to the Trustee an officers' certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such transaction and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with the applicable provisions of the Indenture and that all conditions precedent in the Indenture relating to such transaction have been satisfied.

The requirements of this paragraph (C) shall not apply to (x) a consolidation or merger of any Guarantor with and into the Issuer or any Guarantor, so long as the Issuer or a Guarantor survives such consolidation or merger, or (y) a Transfer of any Guarantor that complies with the provisions set forth in the "Limitation on Asset Sales" covenant.

Events of Default

            The following events are defined in the Indenture as "Events of Default":

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            If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (6) above with respect to Parent or the Issuer) shall occur and be continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of outstanding Notes may declare the principal of and accrued interest on all the Notes to be due and payable by notice in writing to the Issuer and the Trustee specifying the respective Event of Default and that it is a "notice of acceleration" (the "Acceleration Notice"), and the same:

            If an Event of Default specified in clause (6) above with respect to Parent or the Issuer occurs and is continuing, then all unpaid principal of, and premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest

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on all of the outstanding Notes shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.

            The Indenture will provide that, at any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to the Notes as described in the preceding paragraph, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes may rescind and cancel such declaration and its consequences:

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereto.

            The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes may waive any existing Default under the Indenture, and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Notes.

            Holders of the Notes may not enforce the Indenture, the Notes or the Guarantees except as provided in the Indenture and under the TIA. Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the Trustee, the Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Holders, unless such Holders have provided to the Trustee reasonable indemnity. Subject to all provisions of the Indenture and applicable law, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee.

            Under the Indenture, the Issuer is required to provide an officers' certificate to the Trustee promptly upon any such officer obtaining knowledge of any Default (provided that such officers shall provide such certification at least annually whether or not they know of any Default) that has occurred and, if applicable, describe such Default and the status thereof.

            The Indenture will provide that if a Default occurs and is continuing and the Trustee receives actual notice of such Default, the Trustee shall mail to each Holder notice of the uncured Default within 60 days after such Default occurs; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default in payment with respect to the Notes, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as a committee of its trust officers in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders.

Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

            Issuer may, at its option and at any time, elect to have its obligations and the obligations of the Guarantors discharged with respect to the outstanding Notes ("Legal Defeasance"). Such Legal

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Defeasance means that the Issuer shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by the outstanding Notes, except for:

            In addition, the Issuer may, at its option and at any time, elect to have the obligations of the Issuer and Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries released with respect to certain covenants that are described in the Indenture ("Covenant Defeasance") and thereafter any omission to comply with such obligations shall not constitute a Default with respect to the Notes. In the event Covenant Defeasance occurs, certain events (not including non-payment, bankruptcy, receivership, reorganization and insolvency events) described under "Events of Default" will no longer constitute an Event of Default with respect to the Notes.

            In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance:

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            Notwithstanding the foregoing, the opinion of counsel required by clause (2) above with respect to a Legal Defeasance need not be delivered if all Notes not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (1) have become due and payable or (2) will become due and payable on the maturity date within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Issuer.

Satisfaction and Discharge

            The Indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect (except as to surviving rights or registration of transfer or exchange of the Notes, as expressly provided for in the Indenture) as to all outstanding Notes when:

            All funds that remain unclaimed for one year will be paid to the Issuer, and thereafter Holders must look to the Issuer for payment as general creditors.

Modification of the Indenture

            From time to time, the Issuer, the Guarantors and the Trustee, without the consent of the Holders, may amend the Indenture for certain specified purposes, including curing ambiguities, defects

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or inconsistencies, so long as such change does not, in the opinion of the Trustee, adversely affect the rights of any of the Holders in any material respect. In formulating its opinion on such matters, the Trustee will be entitled to rely on such evidence as it deems appropriate, including, without limitation, solely on an opinion of counsel.

            Other modifications and amendments of the Indenture (including changes to the "Limitation on Asset Sales" covenant (including elimination thereof)) may be made with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes issued under the Indenture, except that:

(A)
without the consent of each Holder affected thereby, no amendment may:

(1)
reduce the amount of Notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment;

(2)
reduce the rate of or change or have the effect of changing the time for payment of interest, including defaulted interest, on any Notes;

(3)
reduce the principal of or change or have the effect of changing the fixed maturity of any Notes, or change the date on which any Notes may be subject to redemption or reduce the redemption price therefor;

(4)
make any Notes payable in money other than that stated in the Notes;

(5)
make any change in provisions of the Indenture protecting the right of each Holder to receive payment of principal of and interest on such Note on or after the due date thereof or to bring suit to enforce such payment, or permitting Holders of a majority in principal amount of Notes to waive Defaults; or

(6)
modify or change any provision of the Indenture or the related definitions affecting the subordination or ranking of the Notes or any Guarantee in a manner which adversely affects the Holders.

(B)
without the consent of Holders of 75% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes outstanding no amendment may release Parent or any Guarantor that is a Significant Subsidiary from any of its obligations under its Guarantee or the Indenture otherwise than in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.

            No amendment of, or supplement or waiver to, the Indenture shall adversely affect the rights of any holder of Senior Debt or Guarantor Senior Debt under the subordination provisions of the Indenture, without the consent of such holder.

Governing Law

            The Indenture, the Notes and the Guarantees will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of New York, as applied to contracts made and performed within the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflicts of law. Each of the Issuer and the Guarantors agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of any United States federal or New York State court located in the City of New York in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Indenture, the Notes or the Guarantees.

The Trustee

            The Indenture will provide that, except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee will perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in the Indenture. During the existence of an Event of Default, the Trustee will exercise such rights and powers vested in it by the Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

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            The Indenture and the provisions of the TIA contain certain limitations on the rights of the Trustee, should it become a creditor of the Issuer, to obtain payments of claims in certain cases or to realize on certain assets received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. Subject to the TIA, the Trustee will be permitted to engage in other transactions; provided that if the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest as described in the TIA, it must eliminate such conflict or resign.

Certain Definitions

            Set forth below is a summary of certain of the defined terms used in the Indenture. Reference is made to the Indenture for the full definition of all such terms, as well as any other terms used herein for which no definition is provided.

            "Acquired Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of a Person or any of its Subsidiaries existing at and prior to the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of Parent or at the time it merges or consolidates with or into Parent or any of its Subsidiaries or assumed in connection with the acquisition of assets from such Person; provided that such Indebtedness shall not have been incurred by such Person in connection with, or in anticipation or contemplation of, such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary of Parent or such acquisition, merger or consolidation.

            "Additional Interest" has the meaning given to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.

            "Adjusted Net Assets" of a Guarantor at any date shall mean the lesser of the amount by which (x) the fair value of the assets of such Guarantor exceeds the total amount of liabilities, including, without limitation, contingent liabilities, but excluding liabilities under its Guarantee, of such Guarantor at such date and (y) the present fair salable value of the assets of such Guarantor at such date exceeds the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Guarantor on its debts (after giving effect to all other fixed and contingent liabilities and after giving effect to any collection from any Subsidiary of such Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such Guarantor under its Guarantee), excluding Indebtedness in respect of its Guarantee, as they become absolute and matured.

            "Affiliate" means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person who directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person. The term "control" means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative of the foregoing.

            "Applicable Premium" means, with respect to any note on any redemption date, the greater of: (1) 1.0% of the principal amount of the Note; or (2) the excess of: (a) the present value at such redemption date of (i) the redemption price of the Note at July 1, 2009 (such redemption price being set forth in the table appearing above under the caption "—Optional Redemption") plus (ii) all required interest payments due on the Note through July 1, 2009 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate as of such redemption date plus 50 basis points; over (b) the principal amount of the Note, if greater.

            "Asset Acquisition" means (1) an Investment by Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary in any other Person pursuant to which such Person shall become a Restricted Subsidiary, or shall be merged with or into Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary, or (2) the acquisition by Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary of the assets of any Person (other than a Restricted Subsidiary) which constitute all or substantially all of the assets of such Person or comprises any division or line of business of such Person or any other assets of such Person other than in the ordinary course of business.

            "Asset Sale" means any Transfer by Parent or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of (x) any Equity Interests of any Restricted Subsidiary or (y) any other assets of Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary

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other than sales of inventory in the ordinary course of business; provided that the term "Asset Sale" shall not include any of the following:

            "Australian Subsidiary" shall means Corporate Express Australia Ltd. (or any successor) or any of its Subsidiaries.

            "Board of Directors" means (1) with respect to Parent, (x) for purposes of the definitions of "Change of Control," "Continuing Directors" and "Independent Financial Advisor," its board of supervisory directors and (y) for all other purposes, its board of managing directors and (2) with respect to any other Person, the board of directors or similar governing body of such Person.

            "Board Resolution" means, with respect to any Person, a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of such Person to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors of such Person and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

            "Capital Stock" means:

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            "Capitalized Lease Obligation" means, as to any Person, the obligations of such Person under a lease that are required to be classified and accounted for as capital lease obligations under GAAP and, for purposes of this definition, the amount of such obligations at any date shall be the capitalized amount of such obligations at such date, determined in accordance with GAAP.

            "Cash Equivalents" means:

            "Change of Control" means the occurrence of one or more of the following events (whether or not otherwise in compliance with the provisions of the Indenture):

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For purposes of this definition, "Group" means a group for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, and "beneficial" ownership has the meaning under Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.

            "Common Stock" of any Person means any and all shares, interests or other participations in, and other equivalents (however designated and whether voting or non-voting) of such Person's common stock, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or issued after the Issue Date, and includes, without limitation, all series and classes of such common stock.

            "Consolidated EBITDA" means, with respect to any Person, for any period, the sum (without duplication) of:

all as determined on a consolidated basis for such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP.

            "Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio" means, with respect to any Person, the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA of such Person during the four full fiscal quarters (the "Four Quarter Period") ending on or prior to the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for which financial statements are available (the "Transaction Date") to Consolidated Fixed Charges of such Person for the Four Quarter Period. In addition to and without limitation of the foregoing, for purposes of this definition, "Consolidated EBITDA" and "Consolidated Fixed Charges" shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis for the period of such calculation to:

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If such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries directly or indirectly guarantees Indebtedness of a third Person, the preceding sentence shall give effect to the incurrence of such guaranteed Indebtedness as if such Person or any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person had directly incurred or otherwise assumed such guaranteed Indebtedness. The foregoing adjustments shall be made with respect to any such incurrences, repayments, asset sales or other dispositions or Asset Acquisitions by any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, or any Restricted Subsidiary that ceases to be a Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, at any time on or after the first day of the Four Quarter Period and on or prior to the Transaction Date.

            Furthermore, in calculating "Consolidated Fixed Charges" for purposes of determining the denominator (but not the numerator) of this "Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio":

            "Consolidated Fixed Charges" means, with respect to any Person for any period, the sum, without duplication, of:

            "Consolidated Interest Expense" means, with respect to any Person for any period, the sum of, without duplication:

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            "Consolidated Leverage Ratio" with respect to any Person as of any date of determination means, the ratio of (1) consolidated Indebtedness of such person as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available to (2) the aggregate amount of the Consolidated EBITDA of such Person during the four full fiscal quarters ending on or prior to the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Leverage Ratio for which financial statements are available, in each with such pro forma adjustments to consolidated Indebtedness and Consolidated EBITDA as are appropriate and consistent with the pro forma provisions set forth in the definition of Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio.

            "Consolidated Net Income" means, with respect to any Person, for any period, the aggregate net income (or loss) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period on a consolidated basis, determined in accordance with GAAP; provided that there shall be excluded therefrom:


provided further that any cash dividends on Designated Preferred Stock for such period shall decrease Consolidated Net Income.

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            "Consolidated Non-cash Charges" means, with respect to any Person, for any period, the aggregate depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries reducing Consolidated Net Income of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP (excluding any such charges constituting an extraordinary item or loss or any such charge which requires an accrual of or a reserve for cash charges for any future period).

            "Continuing Director" means a director who either was a member of the Board of Directors of Parent on the Issue Date or who became a director of Parent subsequent to the Issue Date and whose election, or nomination for election by Parent's stockholders, was duly approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors then on the Board of Directors of Parent, either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement issued by Parent on behalf of the entire Board of Directors of Parent in which such individual is named as nominee for director.

            "Credit Agreement" means the Credit Agreement dated as of December 23, 2003, between Parent, the Issuer, the lenders party thereto in their capacities as lenders thereunder and Deutsche Bank AG London, as administrative agent, together with the related documents thereto (including, without limitation, any guarantee agreements and security documents), in each case as such agreements may be amended (including any amendment and restatement thereof), supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, including any agreement extending the maturity of, refinancing, replacing or otherwise restructuring (including increasing the amount of available borrowings thereunder or adding Restricted Subsidiaries of Parent as additional borrowers or guarantors thereunder) all or any portion of the Indebtedness under such agreement or any successor or replacement agreement and whether by the same or any other agent, lender or group of lenders.

            "Credit Facilities" means, one or more debt facilities (including, without limitation, the Credit Agreement) or commercial paper facilities, in each case, with banks or other institutional lenders providing for revolving credit loans, term loans, receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to such lenders or to special purpose entities formed to borrow from such lenders against such receivables) or letters of credit, in each case, as amended, restated, modified, renewed, refunded, replaced (whether upon or after termination or otherwise) or refinanced (including by means of sales of debt securities to institutional investors) in whole or in part from time to time.

            "Currency/Commodity Hedging Agreement" means any agreement entered into between the Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Parent and a bank or financial institution in respect of any currency swap agreements, commodity agreements or other similar agreements or arrangements.

            "Default" means an event or condition the occurrence of which is, or with the lapse of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default.

            "Designated Preferred Stock" means preferred stock that is so designated as Designated Preferred Stock, pursuant to officers' certificate executed by the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Issuer, on the issuance date thereof, the Net Cash Proceeds of which are excluded from the calculation set forth in clause (iii) of the first paragraph of the "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant and are not used for purposes of clause (4) or (5) of the second paragraph thereof.

            "Designated Senior Debt" means (1) Indebtedness under or in respect of the Credit Agreement and (2) any other Indebtedness constituting Senior Debt which, at the time of determination, has an aggregate principal amount of at least $25.0 million and is specifically designated in the instrument evidencing such Senior Debt as "Designated Senior Debt" by Parent.

            "Disqualified Equity Interests" means that portion of any Capital Stock which, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event (other than an event which would constitute a

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Change of Control), matures or is mandatorily redeemable, pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or is redeemable at the sole option of the holder thereof (except, in each case, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control) on or prior to date which 91 days after the final maturity date of the Notes.

            "Equity Interests" means, with respect to any Person, the Capital Stock of such Person, any warrants, options or other options to purchase or acquire such Capital Stock and any securities convertible into or exchangeable for such Capital Stock.

            "Equity Offering" means any issuance and sale of Qualified Equity Interests of Parent.

            "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute or statutes thereto.

            "fair market value" means, with respect to any asset, the price which could be negotiated in an arm's-length, free market transaction, for cash, between a willing seller and a willing and able buyer, neither of whom is under undue pressure or compulsion to complete the transaction. Fair market value (other than of any asset with a public trading market) in excess of $10.0 million shall be determined by the Board of Directors of Parent acting reasonably and in good faith and shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution of the Board of Directors of Parent delivered to the Trustee. For purposes of the "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant, fair market value (other than of any asset with a public trading market) in excess of $25.0 million shall be determined by an Independent Financial Advisor.

            "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the Netherlands as consistently applied by Parent for all applicable periods, which are in effect as of the Issue Date. At any time after the Issue Date, the Parent, if required by applicable law to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), may elect to apply for all purposes of the Indenture IFRS, in lieu of GAAP, and, upon any such election, references therein to GAAP shall be construed to mean IFRS, provided that (1) any such election once made shall be irrevocable, (2) all financial statements and reports requierd to be provided, after such election, pursuant to the Indenture shall be prepared on the basis of IFRS and (3) from and after such election, all ratios, computations and other determinations based on GAAP contained in the Indenture shall be computed in conformity with IFRS.

            "Guarantee" means a guarantee by a Guarantor pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture of (x) the Issuer's obligations under the Indenture and the Notes and (y) each other such guarantee.

            "Guarantor Senior Debt" means, with respect to any Guarantor: the principal of, premium, if any, and interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on any Indebtedness of a Guarantor, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter created, incurred or assumed, unless, in the case of any particular Indebtedness, the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the Guarantee of such Guarantor. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, "Guarantor Senior Debt" shall also include the principal of, premium, if any, interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on, and all other amounts owing in respect of:

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in each case whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter incurred. Without limiting the foregoing, "Guarantor Senior Debt" shall include any of the foregoing under any guarantee of the Credit Agreement that is not found enforceable under the laws of Germany.

            Notwithstanding the foregoing, "Guarantor Senior Debt" shall not include:

            "Guarantors" means: (1) Parent, (2) ASAP Software Express, Inc., BTOP USA Corp., BTOPI Holding (U.S.), Buhrmann Swaps, Inc., Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc., Corporate Express Office Products, Inc., CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc., Corporate Express Promotional Marketing, Inc., Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc., Corporate Express of Texas, Inc., Corporate Express, Inc., License Technologies Group, Inc., Moore Labels, Inc., Buhrmann Financieringen B.V., Buhrmann Fined B.V., Buhrmann II B.V., Buhrmann International B.V., Buhrmann Nederland B.V., Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V., Tetterode-Nederland B.V., Veenman B.V. (formerly known as Corporate Express Document Automatisering B.V.), Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V., Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., Buhrmann Luxembourg S.á.r.l. and (3) each Restricted Subsidiary of Parent that, after the date of the Indenture, executes a supplemental indenture in which such Restricted Subsidiary agrees to be bound by the terms of the Indenture as a Guarantor; provided that any Person constituting a Guarantor as described above shall cease to constitute a Guarantor when its respective Guarantee is released in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.

            "Indebtedness" means with respect to any Person, without duplication:

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            The amount of any Indebtedness outstanding as of any date will be the accreted value of the Indebtedness, in the case of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount, and the principal amount of the Indebtedness, in the case of any other Indebtedness. For purposes hereof, the "maximum fixed repurchase price" of any Disqualified Equity Interests which does not have a fixed repurchase price shall be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Disqualified Equity Interests as if such Disqualified Equity Interests were purchased on any date on which Indebtedness shall be required to be determined pursuant to the Indenture, and if such price is based upon, or measured by, the fair market value of such Disqualified Equity Interests, such fair market value shall be determined reasonably and in good faith by the Board of Directors of the issuer of such Disqualified Equity Interests.

            "Independent Financial Advisor" means a firm: (1) which does not, and whose directors, officers and employees or Affiliates do not, have a direct or indirect financial interest in Parent; and (2) which, in the judgment of the Board of Directors of Parent, is otherwise independent and qualified to perform the task for which it is to be engaged.

            "interest" means, with respect to the Notes, interest and any Additional Interest on the Notes.

            "Interest Hedging Agreement" means any agreement entered into between the Parent or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Parent and a bank or financial institution in respect of any interest rate swap, currency swap, foreign exchange contracts, cap, floor, collar or optional transaction or any other treasury transaction or any combination of it or any other transaction entered into in connection with protection against or benefit from fluctuating in any rate or price.

            "Investment" means, with respect to any Person, any direct or indirect loan or other extension of credit (including, without limitation, a guarantee) or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase or acquisition by such Person of any Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other securities or evidences of Indebtedness issued by, any Person. "Investment" shall exclude

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extensions of trade credit by Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries on commercially reasonable terms in accordance with normal trade practices of Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be. If Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent sells or otherwise disposes of any Common Stock of any direct or indirect Restricted Subsidiary of Parent such that, after giving effect to any such sale or disposition, Parent no longer owns, directly or indirectly, greater than 50% of the outstanding Common Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary, Parent shall be deemed to have made an Investment on the date of any such sale or disposition equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary not sold or disposed of. Other than in the case of any designation of an Australian Subsidiary, upon designation of any Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in accordance with the definition thereof, Parent shall be deemed to have made an Investment equal to the fair market value of such Subsidiary at that time.

            "Issue Date" means the date of original issuance of the Notes.

            "Lien" means any lien, mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, security interest, charge or encumbrance of any kind (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof and any agreement to give any security interest), but not including any interests in accounts receivable and related assets conveyed by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with a Qualified Receivables Transaction.

            "Net Cash Proceeds" means

(A)
with respect to any Asset Sale, the proceeds in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents including payments in respect of deferred payment obligations when received in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents (other than the portion of any such deferred payment constituting interest) received by Parent or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries from such Asset Sale, net of:

(1)
reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses relating to such Asset Sale (including, without limitation, legal, accounting and investment banking fees and sales commissions);

(2)
taxes paid or payable with respect to such Asset Sale after taking into account any reduction in consolidated tax liability due to available tax credits or deductions and any tax sharing arrangements;

(3)
repayment of Indebtedness that is secured by the assets that are the subject of such Asset Sale; and

(4)
appropriate amounts to be provided by Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with such Asset Sale and retained by Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, after such Asset Sale, including, without limitation, pension and other post-employment benefit liabilities, liabilities related to environmental matters and liabilities under any indemnification obligations associated with such Asset Sale; and

(B)
with respect to any issuance and sale of Equity Interests or any capital contribution, the proceeds in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents received by Parent therefrom, net of out-of-pocket fees and expenses, including underwriting commissions and discounts and any other investment banking fees in respect thereof.

            "Non-Guarantor Restricted Subsidiary" means any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor at the time of determination.

            "Obligations" means all obligations for principal, premium, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness, and all guarantees of any of the foregoing.

            "Parent" means Buhrmann N.V., a Dutch limited liability company, and its successors.

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            "Participating Member State" means each state so described in any European Monetary Union legislation.

            "Permitted Investments" means:

            "Permitted Joint Venture" means an entity characterized as a joint venture (however structured) engaged in a business in which Parent and its Subsidiaries are engaged on the date of the Indenture

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and in which Parent or a Restricted Subsidiary (a) owns at least 20% of the ownership interest or (b) has the right to receive at least 20% of the profits or distributions; provided that such joint venture is not a Subsidiary.

            "Permitted Liens" means the following types of Liens:

            "Person" means an individual, partnership, corporation, unincorporated organization, trust or joint venture, or a governmental agency or political subdivision thereof.

            "Preferred Stock" of any Person means any Capital Stock of such Person that has preferential rights to any other Capital Stock of such Person with respect to dividends or redemptions or upon liquidation.

            "Pro Forma Cost Savings" means, with respect to any period, the reduction in costs that occurred during the Four Quarter Period that were (1) directly attributable to an Asset Acquisition and

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calculated on a basis that is consistent with Article 11 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act as in effect on the date of the Indenture or (2) implemented by the business that was the subject of any such Asset Acquisition within one year of the date of the Asset Acquisition and that are supportable and quantifiable by the underlying accounting records of such business, as if, in the case of each of clauses (1) and (2), all such reductions in costs had been effected as of the beginning of such period, decreased by any incremental expenses (except to the extent capitalized on Parent's consolidated balance sheet) incurred or to be incurred during the Four Quarter Period in order to achieve such reduction in costs.

            "Purchase Money Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries incurred in the normal course of business for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price, or the cost of installation, construction or improvement, of property or equipment (whether through the direct purchase of assets or the Capital Stock of any Person owning such assets).

            "Qualified Equity Interests" means any Equity Interests other than (1) any Disqualified Equity Interests and (2) any debt securities convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock.

            "Qualified Receivables Transaction" means any transaction or series of transactions that may be entered into by the Issuer, any Guarantor or any Receivables Subsidiary pursuant to which the Issuer, any Guarantor or any Receivables Subsidiary may sell, convey or otherwise transfer to, or grant a security interest in for the benefit of, (a) a Receivables Subsidiary (in the case of a transfer or encumbrancing by the Issuer or any Guarantor) and (b) any other Person (solely in the case of a transfer or encumbrancing by a Receivables Subsidiary), solely accounts receivable (whether now existing or arising in the future) of the Issuer or any Guarantor which arose in the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or any Guarantor, and any assets related thereto, including, without limitation, all collateral securing such accounts receivable, all contracts and all guarantees or other obligations in respect of such accounts receivable, proceeds of such accounts receivable and other assets which are customarily transferred or in respect of which security interests are customarily granted in connection with asset securitization transactions involving accounts receivable.

            "Receivables Subsidiary" means a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of Parent which engages in no activities other than in connection with the financing of accounts receivable and which is designated by the Board of Directors of Parent (as provided below) as a Receivables Subsidiary (a) no portion of any Indebtedness or any other obligations (contingent or otherwise) of which, directly or indirectly, contingently or otherwise, (1) is guaranteed by Parent or any other Subsidiary of Parent (excluding Standard Securitization Undertakings), (2) is recourse to or obligates Parent or any other Subsidiary of Parent in any way other than pursuant to Standard Securitization Undertakings, or (3) subjects any asset of Parent or any other Subsidiary of Parent to the satisfaction thereof, other than Standard Securitization Undertakings, (b) with which neither Parent nor any other Subsidiary of Parent has any material contract, agreement, arrangement or understanding other than those customarily entered into in connection with Qualified Receivables Transactions or those related to the remitting of the proceeds received from a Qualified Receivables Transaction by such Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary to the Parent or one or more Guarantors in the form of payments by such Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the purchase price of accounts receivables acquired from the Parent or any Guarantor, and (c) with which neither Parent nor any other Subsidiary of Parent has any obligation, directly or indirectly, contingently or otherwise, to maintain or preserve such Subsidiary's financial condition or cause such Subsidiary to achieve certain levels of operating results. Any such designation by the Board of Directors of Parent shall be evidenced to the Trustee by the filing with the Trustee a board resolution of the Board of Directors of Parent giving effect to such designation and an officers' certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing conditions.

            "Refinance" means, in respect of any security or Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue a security or Indebtedness in exchange or

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replacement for, such security or Indebtedness in whole or in part. "Refinanced" and "Refinancing" shall have correlative meanings.

            "Refinancing Indebtedness" means any Refinancing by Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent of Indebtedness incurred in accordance with clause (1) or (3) of the second paragraph under the "Limitation on Incurrence of Additional Indebtedness" covenant or pursuant to the Coverage Ratio Exception, in each case, that does not:


            "Representative" means the indenture trustee or other trustee, agent or representative in respect of any Designated Senior Debt; provided that if, and for so long as, any Designated Senior Debt lacks such a representative, then the Representative for such Designated Senior Debt shall at all times constitute the holders of a majority in outstanding principal amount of such Designated Senior Debt in respect of any Designated Senior Debt.

            "Restricted Subsidiary" of any Person means any Subsidiary of such Person which at the time of determination is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary. Unless otherwise indicated, references to Restricted Subsidiaries shall be to Restricted Subsidiaries of Parent, including the Issuer.

            "Sale and Leaseback Transaction" means any direct or indirect arrangement with any Person or to which any such Person is a party, providing for the leasing to Parent or a Restricted Subsidiary of any assets, whether owned by Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary at the Issue Date or later acquired, which has been or is to be sold or transferred by Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary to such Person or to any other Person from whom funds have been or are to be advanced by such Person on the security of such assets.

            "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor statute or statutes thereto.

            "Senior Debt" means the principal of, premium, if any, and interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at the rate provided for in the documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on any Indebtedness of the Issuer, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter created, incurred or assumed, unless, in the case of any particular Indebtedness, the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the Notes. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, "Senior Debt" shall also include the principal of, premium, if any, interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the filing of a petition of bankruptcy at the rate provided for in the

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documentation with respect thereto, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under applicable law) on, and all other amounts owing in respect of:

            in each case whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter incurred.

            Notwithstanding the foregoing, "Senior Debt" shall not include:

            "Significant Subsidiary", means (a) any Restricted Subsidiary of Parent that satisfies the criteria for a "significant subsidiary" set forth in Rule 1.02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act or (b) any one or more Restricted Subsidiaries of Parent that (1) are not otherwise Significant Subsidiaries, (2) as to which any event described in clause (5), (6) or (7) under "—Events of Default" has occurred and is continuing and (3) would together constitute a Significant Subsidiary under clause (a) of this definition.

            "Standard Securitization Undertakings" means representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities entered into by the Issuer or any Guarantor which are reasonably customary in an accounts receivable securitization transaction.

            "Stichting A" means Stichting Administratiekantoor Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann N.V. and its successors.

            "Stichting A Continuing Director" means a member of the executive committee of Stichting A on the Issue Date or who became a member of such executive committee subsequent to the Issue Date

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and who was appointed by a majority of the Stichting A Continuing Directors then on the executive committee of Stichting A.

            "Stichting B" means Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann N.V. and its successors.

            "Stichting B Continuing Director" means a member of the executive committee of Stichting B on the Issue Date or who became a member of such executive committee subsequent to the Issue Date and who was appointed by a majority of the Stichting B Continuing Directors then on the executive committee of Stichting B.

            "Subsidiary", with respect to any Person, means:

            "Subsidiary Guarantor" means any Guarantor other than any direct or indirect parent company of the Issuer.

            "Tax" means any tax, duty, levy, impost, assessment or other governmental charge (including penalties, interest and any other liabilities related thereto).

            "Taxing Authority" means any government or political subdivision or territory or possession of any government or any authority or agency therein or thereof having power to tax.

            "Total Assets" means the total assets of Parent and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis determined in accordance with GAAP, as shown on the most recently available consolidated balance sheet of Parent.

            "Transfer" means to sell, assign, transfer, lease (other than pursuant to an operating lease entered into in the ordinary course of business), convey or otherwise dispose of, including by Sale and Leaseback Transaction, consolidation, merger or otherwise.

            "Treasury Rate" means, as of any redemption date, the yield to maturity as of such redemption date of United States Treasury securities with a constant maturity (as compiled and published in the most recent Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 (519) that has become publicly available at least two business days prior to the redemption date (or, if such Statistical Release is no longer published, any publicly available source of similar market data)) most nearly equal to the period from the redemption date to July 1, 2009; provided, however, that if the period from the redemption date to July 1, 2009, is less than one year, the weekly average yield on actually traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year will be used.

            "Unrestricted Subsidiary" of any Person means:

            The Board of Directors may designate any Subsidiary of Parent (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary but excluding the Issuer) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such

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Subsidiary owns any Capital Stock of, or owns or holds any Lien on any assets of, Parent or any other Subsidiary of Parent that is not a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated; provided that:


            The Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary only if:

            As of the Issue Date, none of the Parent's Subsidiaries will be designated as Unrestricted Subsidiaries.

            "Weighted Average Life to Maturity" means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing (a) the then outstanding aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness into (b) the sum of the total of the products obtained by multiplying (i) the amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payment of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof, by (ii) the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) which will elapse between such date and the making of such payment.

            "Wholly Owned Guarantor" means any Guarantor that is a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of Parent.

            "Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary" of any Person means any Wholly Owned Subsidiary of such Person which at the time of determination is a Restricted Subsidiary of such Person.

            "Wholly Owned Subsidiary" of any Person means any Subsidiary of such Person of which all the outstanding voting securities (other than in the case of a foreign Subsidiary, directors' qualifying shares or an immaterial amount of shares required to be owned by other Persons pursuant to applicable law) are owned by such Person or any Wholly Owned Subsidiary of such Person.

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REGISTRATION RIGHTS

            We have filed a registration statement to comply with our obligations under the registration rights agreement to register the issuance of the exchange notes. See "The Exchange Offer."


THE EXCHANGE OFFER

Purpose and Effect

            Concurrently with the sale of the old notes on July 1, 2004, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the old notes, which requires us to file the registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the exchange notes and, upon the effectiveness of the registration statement, offer to the holders of the old notes the opportunity to exchange their old notes for a like principal amount of exchange notes. The exchange notes will be issued without a restrictive legend and generally may be reoffered and resold without registration under the Securities Act. The registration rights agreement further provides that we must cause the registration statement to be declared effective within 180 days of the issue date of the old notes.

            Except as described below, upon the completion of the exchange offer, our obligations with respect to the registration of the old notes and the exchange notes will terminate. A copy of the registration rights agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and this summary of the material provisions of the registration rights agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete registration rights agreement. As a result of the timely filing and the effectiveness of the registration statement, we will not have to pay certain liquidated damages on the old notes provided in the registration rights agreement. Following the completion of the exchange offer, holders of old notes not tendered will not have any further registration rights other than as set forth in the paragraphs below, and the old notes will continue to be subject to certain restrictions on transfer. Additionally, the liquidity of the market for the old notes could be adversely affected upon consummation of the exchange offer. See "Risk Factors—If you do not properly tender your old notes, your ability to transfer your old notes will be adversely affected."

            In order to participate in the exchange offer, a holder must represent to us, among other things, that:

            Under certain circumstances specified in the registration rights agreement, we may be required to file a "shelf" registration statement for a continuous offer in connection with the old notes pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act.

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            Based on an interpretation by the SEC's staff set forth in no-action letters issued to third parties unrelated to us, we believe that, with the exceptions set forth below, exchange notes issued in the exchange offer may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by the holder of exchange notes without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act, unless the holder:

            Any holder who tenders in the exchange offer for the purpose of participating in a distribution of the exchange notes cannot rely on this interpretation by the SEC's staff and must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with a secondary resale transaction. Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for old notes, where such old notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. See "Plan of Distribution." Broker-dealers who acquired old notes directly from us and not as a result of market making activities or other trading activities may not rely on the staff's interpretations discussed above or participate in the exchange offer, and must comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in order to sell the old notes.

Terms of the Exchange Offer

            Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal, we will accept any and all old notes validly tendered and not withdrawn prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on                        , 2004, or such date and time to which we extend the offer. We will issue $1,000 in principal amount of exchange notes in exchange for each $1,000 principal amount of old notes accepted in the exchange offer. Holders may tender some or all of their old notes pursuant to the exchange offer. However, old notes may be tendered only in integral multiples of $1,000 in principal amount.

            The exchange notes will evidence the same debt as the old notes and will be issued under the terms of, and entitled to the benefits of, the indenture relating to the old notes.

            As of the date of this prospectus, $150.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the old notes were outstanding, and there was one registered holder, a nominee of the Depository Trust Company. This prospectus, together with the letter of transmittal, is being sent to the registered holder and to others believed to have beneficial interests in the old notes. We intend to conduct the exchange offer in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated under the Exchange Act.

            We will be deemed to have accepted validly tendered old notes when, as and if we have given oral or written notice thereof to The Bank of New York, the exchange agent. The exchange agent will act as agent for the tendering holders for the purpose of receiving the exchange notes from us. If any tendered old notes are not accepted for exchange because of an invalid tender, the occurrence of certain other events set forth under the heading "—Conditions to the Exchange Offer" or otherwise, certificates for any such unaccepted old notes will be returned, without expense, to the tendering holder of those old notes as promptly as practicable after the expiration date unless the exchange offer is extended.

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            Holders who tender old notes in the exchange offer will not be required to pay brokerage commissions or fees or, subject to the instructions in the letter of transmittal, transfer taxes with respect to the exchange of old notes in the exchange offer. We will pay all charges and expenses, other than certain applicable taxes, applicable to the exchange offer. See "—Fees and Expenses."

Expiration Date; Extensions; Amendments

            The expiration date shall be 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on                        , 2004, unless we, in our sole discretion, extend the exchange offer, in which case the expiration date shall be the latest date and time to which the exchange offer is extended. In order to extend the exchange offer, we will notify the exchange agent and each registered holder of any extension by oral or written notice prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled expiration date. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion:

            In the event that we make a fundamental change to the terms of the exchange offer, we will file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement.

Procedures for Tendering

            Only a holder of old notes may tender the old notes in the exchange offer. Except as set forth under "—Book-Entry Transfer," to tender in the exchange offer a holder must complete, sign and date the letter of transmittal, or a copy of the letter of transmittal, have the signatures on the letter of transmittal guaranteed if required by the letter of transmittal and mail or otherwise deliver the letter of transmittal or copy to the exchange agent prior to the expiration date. In addition:

            To be tendered effectively, the letter of transmittal and other required documents must be received by the exchange agent at the address set forth under "—Exchange Agent" prior to the expiration date.

            Your tender, if not withdrawn prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date, will constitute an agreement between you and us in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the letter of transmittal.

            The method of delivery of old notes and the letter of transmittal and all other required documents to the exchange agent is at your election and risk. Instead of delivery by mail, it is recommended that you use an overnight or hand delivery service. In all cases, sufficient time should be allowed to assure delivery to the exchange agent before the expiration date. No letter of transmittal or old notes should be sent to us. You may request your broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or nominee to effect these transactions for you.

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            Any beneficial owner whose old notes are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company, or other nominee and who wishes to tender should contact the registered holder promptly and instruct the registered holder to tender on the beneficial owner's behalf. If the beneficial owner wishes to tender on its own behalf, the beneficial owner must, prior to completing and executing the letter of transmittal and delivering the owner's old notes, either make appropriate arrangements to register ownership of the old notes in the beneficial owner's name or obtain a properly completed bond power from the registered holder. The transfer of registered ownership may take considerable time.

            Signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, must be guaranteed by an "eligible guarantor institution" within the meaning of Rule 17Ad-15 under the Exchange Act unless old notes tendered pursuant thereto are tendered:

            If signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, are required to be guaranteed, the guarantee must be by any eligible guarantor institution that is a member of or participant in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program or an eligible guarantor institution.

            If the letter of transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered holder of any old notes listed in the letter of transmittal, the old notes must be endorsed or accompanied by a properly completed bond power, signed by the registered holder as that registered holder's name appears on the old notes.

            If the letter of transmittal or any old notes or bond powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, such persons should so indicate when signing, and evidence satisfactory to us of their authority to so act must be submitted with the letter of transmittal unless waived by us.

            All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility, including time of receipt, acceptance, and withdrawal of tendered old notes will be determined by us in our sole discretion, which determination will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any and all old notes not properly tendered or any old notes our acceptance of which would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the right to waive any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular old notes. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer, including the instructions in the letter of transmittal, will be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of old notes must be cured within such time as we shall determine. Although we intend to notify holders of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of old notes, neither we, the exchange agent, nor any other person shall incur any liability for failure to give that notification. Tenders of old notes will not be deemed to have been made until such defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. Any old notes received by the exchange agent that are not properly tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be returned by the exchange agent to the tendering holders, unless otherwise provided in the letter of transmittal, as soon as practicable following the expiration date, unless the exchange offer is extended.

            In addition, we reserve the right in our sole discretion to purchase or make offers for any old notes that remain outstanding after the expiration date or, as set forth under "—Conditions to the Exchange Offer," to terminate the exchange offer and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, purchase old notes in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The terms of any such purchases or offers could differ from the terms of the exchange offer.

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            By tendering, you will be representing to us that, among other things:

            In all cases, issuance of exchange notes for old notes that are accepted for exchange in the exchange offer will be made only after timely receipt by the exchange agent of certificates for such old notes or a timely book-entry confirmation of such old notes into the exchange agent's account at the book-entry transfer facility, a properly completed and duly executed letter of transmittal or, with respect to The Depository Trust Company and its participants, electronic instructions in which the tendering holder acknowledges its receipt of and agreement to be bound by the letter of transmittal, and all other required documents. If any tendered old notes are not accepted for any reason set forth in the terms and conditions of the exchange offer or if old notes are submitted for a greater principal amount than the holder desires to exchange, such unaccepted or non-exchanged old notes will be returned without expense to the tendering holder or, in the case of old notes tendered by book-entry transfer into the exchange agent's account at the book-entry transfer facility according to the book-entry transfer procedures described below, those non-exchanged old notes will be credited to an account maintained with that book-entry transfer facility, in each case, as promptly as practicable after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.

            Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for old notes, where those old notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of those exchange notes. See "Plan of Distribution."

Book-Entry Transfer

            The exchange agent will make a request to establish an account with respect to the old notes at the book-entry transfer facility for purposes of the exchange offer within two business days after the date of this prospectus, and any financial institution that is a participant in the book-entry transfer facility's systems may make book-entry delivery of old notes being tendered by causing the book-entry transfer facility to transfer such old notes into the exchange agent's account at the book-entry transfer facility in accordance with that book-entry transfer facility's procedures for transfer. However, although delivery of old notes may be effected through book-entry transfer at the book-entry transfer facility, the letter of transmittal or copy of the letter of transmittal, with any required signature guarantees and any other required documents, must, in any case other than as set forth in the following paragraph, be transmitted to and received by the exchange agent at the address set forth under "—Exchange Agent" on or prior to the expiration date or the guaranteed delivery procedures described below must be complied with.

            The Depository Trust Company's Automated Tender Offer Program, or ATOP, is the only method of processing exchange offers through The Depository Trust Company. To accept the exchange offer through ATOP, participants in The Depository Trust Company must send electronic instructions to

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The Depository Trust Company through The Depository Trust Company's communication system instead of sending a signed, hard copy letter of transmittal. The Depository Trust Company is obligated to communicate those electronic instructions to the exchange agent. To tender old notes through ATOP, the electronic instructions sent to The Depository Trust Company and transmitted by The Depository Trust Company to the exchange agent must contain the character by which the participant acknowledges its receipt of and agrees to be bound by the letter of transmittal.

Guaranteed Delivery Procedures

            If a registered holder of the old notes desires to tender old notes and the old notes are not immediately available, or time will not permit that holder's old notes or other required documents to reach the exchange agent prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date, or the procedure for book-entry transfer cannot be completed on a timely basis, a tender may be effected if:

Withdrawal Rights

            Tenders of old notes may be withdrawn at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date.

            For a withdrawal of a tender of old notes to be effective, a written or, for The Depository Trust Company participants, electronic ATOP transmission, notice of withdrawal, must be received by the exchange agent at its address set forth under "—Exchange Agent" prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date. Any such notice of withdrawal must:

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            All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility and time of receipt of such notices will be determined by us, whose determination shall be final and binding on all parties. Any old notes so withdrawn will be deemed not to have been validly tendered for exchange for purposes of the exchange offer. Any old notes which have been tendered for exchange, but which are not exchanged for any reason, will be returned to the holder of those old notes without cost to that holder as soon as practicable after withdrawal, rejection of tender, or termination of the exchange offer. Properly withdrawn old notes may be retendered by following one of the procedures under "—Procedures for Tendering" at any time on or prior to the expiration date.

Conditions to the Exchange Offer

            Notwithstanding any other provision of the exchange offer, we will not be required to accept for exchange, or to issue exchange notes in exchange for, any old notes and may terminate or amend the exchange offer if at any time before the acceptance of those old notes for exchange or the exchange of the exchange notes for those old notes, we determine that the exchange offer violates applicable law, any applicable interpretation of the staff of the SEC or any order of any governmental agency or court of competent jurisdiction.

            The foregoing conditions are for our sole benefit and may be asserted by us regardless of the circumstances giving rise to any such condition or may be waived by us in whole or in part at any time and from time to time in our sole discretion. The failure by us at any time to exercise any of the foregoing rights shall not be deemed a waiver of any of those rights and each of those rights shall be deemed an ongoing right which may be asserted at any time and from time to time.

            In addition, we will not accept for exchange any old notes tendered, and no exchange notes will be issued in exchange for those old notes, if at such time any stop order shall be threatened or in effect with respect to the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part or the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. In any of those events we are required to use every reasonable effort to obtain the withdrawal of any stop order at the earliest possible time.

Exchange Agent

            All executed letters of transmittal should be directed to the exchange agent. The Bank of New York has been appointed as exchange agent for the exchange offer. Questions, requests for assistance and requests for additional copies of this prospectus or of the letter of transmittal should be directed to the exchange agent addressed as follows:

By Facsimile (Eligible Institutions Only):   By Mail, Hand or Overnight Delivery:

(212) 298-1915
  
Attention: Mr. Enrique Lopez
Reorganization Unit – 7E
 
The Bank of New York
Corporate Trust Operations
Reorganization Unit
101 Barclay Street – Floor 7E
New York, NY 10286
 
Attention: Mr. Enrique Lopez

Confirmation by Telephone:
(212) 815-2742

            Originals of all documents sent by facsimile should be sent promptly by registered or certified mail, by hand or by overnight delivery service.

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Fees And Expenses

            We will not make any payments to brokers, dealers or others soliciting acceptances of the exchange offer. The principal solicitation is being made by mail; however, additional solicitations may be made in person or by telephone by our officers and employees. The estimated cash expenses to be incurred in connection with the exchange offer will be paid by us and will include fees and expenses of the exchange agent, accounting, legal, printing and related fees and expenses.

Transfer Taxes

            Holders who tender their old notes for exchange will not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes in connection with that tender or exchange, except that holders who instruct us to register exchange notes in the name of, or request that old notes not tendered or not accepted in the exchange offer be returned to, a person other than the registered tendering holder will be responsible for the payment of any applicable transfer tax on those old notes.

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BOOK-ENTRY, DELIVERY AND FORM

            The exchange notes will be issued in the form of one or more fully registered notes in global form ("Global Notes"). Ownership of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will be limited to persons who have accounts with The Depository Trust Company ("participants") or persons who hold interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") or its nominee (with respect to interests of participants) and the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons other than participants).

            So long as DTC, or its nominee, is the registered owner or holder of a Global Note, DTC or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the Notes represented by such Global Notes for all purposes under the Indenture. No beneficial owner of an interest in the Global Notes will be able to transfer that interest except in accordance with DTC's procedures, in addition to those provided for under the Indenture.

            Payments of the principal of, premium (if any), interest (including Additional Interest) on, the Global Notes will be made to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner thereof. None of the Issuer, the Trustee or any Paying Agent will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the Global Notes or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interest.

            The Issuer expects that DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, if any, interest (including Additional Interest) on the Global Notes, will credit participants' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of the Global Notes as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. The Issuer also expects that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the Global Notes held through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practice, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers registered in the names of nominees for such customers. Such payments will be the responsibility of such participants.

            Transfers between participants in DTC will be effected in the ordinary way through DTC's same-day funds system in accordance with DTC rules and will be settled in same day funds. If a holder requires physical delivery of a Certificated Security for any reason, including to sell exchange notes to persons in states which require physical delivery of the exchange notes, or to pledge such securities, such holder must transfer its interest in a Global Note, in accordance with the normal procedures of DTC and with the procedures set forth in the Indenture.

            DTC has advised the Issuer that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a holder of exchange notes (including the presentation of exchange notes for exchange as described below) only at the direction of one or more participants to whose account the DTC interests in the Global Notes are credited and only in respect of such portion of the aggregate principal amount of exchange notes as to which such participant or participants has or have given such direction. However, if there is an Event of Default under the Indenture, DTC will exchange the Global Notes for Certificated Securities, which it will distribute to its participants.

            DTC has advised the Issuer as follows: DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code and a "Clearing Agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of its participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates.

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Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations and certain other organizations. Indirect access to the DTC system is available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly ("indirect participants").

            Although DTC has agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of interests in the Global Note among participants of DTC, it is under no obligation to perform such procedures, and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. Neither the Issuer nor the Trustee will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its participants or indirect participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.

            Certificated Securities shall be issued in exchange for beneficial interests in the Global Notes (i) if requested by a holder of such interests or (ii) if DTC is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the Global Notes and a successor depositary is not appointed by the Issuer within 90 days.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

            Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in the exchange offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of exchange notes received in exchange for old notes where such old notes were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the expiration date, we will make this prospectus, as amended or supplemented, available to any broker-dealer which requests it in the letter of transmittal, for use in connection with any such resale.

            We will not receive any proceeds from any sale of exchange notes by broker-dealers. Exchange notes received by broker-dealers for their own account in the exchange offer may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated transactions, through the writing of options on the exchange notes or a combination of such methods of resale, at market prices prevailing at the time of resale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. Any such resale may be made directly to purchasers or to or through brokers or dealers who may receive compensation in the form of commissions or concessions from any such broker-dealer or the purchasers of any such exchange notes. Any broker-dealer that resells exchange notes that were received by it for its own account in the exchange offer and any broker or dealer that participates in a distribution of such exchange notes may be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act and any profit of any such resale of exchange notes and any commissions or concessions received by any such persons may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under the Securities Act. The letter of transmittal states that, by acknowledging that it will deliver, and by delivering, a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act.

            We have agreed to pay all expenses incident to the exchange offer other than commissions or concessions of any brokers or dealers, and will indemnify the holders of the old notes (including any broker-dealers) against certain types of liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

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 MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS

            The following discussion is a summary of the material United States federal income tax consequences relevant to the exchange of the old notes pursuant to this exchange offer and the ownership and disposition of the exchange notes, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. The discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), United States Treasury Regulations issued thereunder, Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rulings and pronouncements and judicial decisions now in effect, all of which are subject to change at any time. Any such change may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect a holder of the Notes. This discussion does not address all of the United States federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a holder in light of such holder's particular circumstances or to holders subject to special rules, such as banks, financial institutions, U.S. expatriates, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities, partnerships or other pass-through entities, U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, tax-exempt organizations and persons holding the Notes as part of a "straddle," "hedge," "conversion transaction" or other integrated transaction. Moreover, the effect of any applicable state, local or foreign tax laws is not discussed. The discussion deals only with Notes held as "capital assets" within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code.

            No rulings from the IRS have or will be sought with respect to the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a different position concerning the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership or disposition of the Notes or that any such position would not be sustained. If a partnership or other entity taxable as a partnership holds the Notes, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such partner should consult its tax advisor as to the tax consequences.

            Holders of the Notes should consult their own tax advisors with regard to the tax consequences of the exchange of the old notes for the exchange notes and of holding and disposing of the exchange notes, including the United States federal, state, local, and other tax consequences and potential changes in the tax laws.

Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Exchange Offer

            The exchange of the old notes for otherwise identical debt securities registered under the Securities Act pursuant to the Exchange Offer should not constitute a taxable exchange. As a result, (1) a U.S. Holder should not recognize a taxable gain or loss as a result of exchanging such holder's old notes for the exchange notes; (2) the holding period of the exchange notes should include the holding period of the old notes exchanged therefor; and (3) the adjusted tax basis of the exchange notes should be the same as the adjusted tax basis of the old notes exchanged therefor immediately before such exchange.

U.S. Holders

            As used herein, "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of the Notes who or that is or is treated for United States federal income tax purposes as:

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            Payments of stated interest on the Notes generally will be taxable to a U.S. Holder as ordinary income at the time that such payments are received or accrued, in accordance with such U.S. Holder's method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes. In certain circumstances, the Issuer may be obligated to pay amounts in excess of stated interest or principal on the Notes. According to Treasury Regulations, the possibility that any such payments in excess of stated interest or principal will be made will not affect the amount of interest income a U.S. Holder recognizes if there is only a remote chance as of the date the Notes were issued that such payments will be made. The Issuer believes that the likelihood that it will be obligated to make any such payments is remote. Therefore, the Issuer does not intend to treat the potential payment of these amounts as part of the yield to maturity of any Notes. The Issuer's determination that these contingencies are remote is binding on a U.S. Holder unless such holder discloses its contrary position in the manner required by applicable Treasury Regulations. The Issuer's determination is not, however, binding on the IRS, and if the IRS were to challenge this determination, a U.S. Holder might be required to accrue income on its Notes in excess of stated interest, and to treat as ordinary income rather than capital gain any income realized on the taxable disposition of a Note before the resolution of the contingencies. In the event a contingency occurs, it would affect the amount and timing of the income recognized by a U.S. Holder. If any such amounts are in fact paid, U.S. Holders will be required to recognize such amounts as income.

            If a U.S. Holder acquires a Note at a cost that is less than the stated redemption price at maturity, the amount of such difference is treated as "market discount" for federal income tax purposes, unless such difference is less than .0025 multiplied by the stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years until maturity (from the date of acquisition).

            Under the market discount rules of the Code, a U.S. Holder is required to treat any gain on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of a Note as ordinary income to the extent of the accrued market discount that has not been previously included in income. Thus, principal payments and payments received upon the sale or exchange of a Note are treated as ordinary income to the extent of accrued market discount that has not been previously included in income. If a U.S. Holder disposes of a Note with market discount in certain otherwise nontaxable transactions, such holder may be required to include accrued market discount as ordinary income as if the holder had sold the Note at its then fair market value.

            In general, the amount of market discount that has accrued is determined on a ratable basis. A U.S. Holder may, however, elect to determine the amount of accrued market discount on a constant yield to maturity basis. This election is made on a Note-by-Note basis and is irrevocable.

            With respect to Notes with market discount, a U.S. Holder may not be allowed to deduct immediately a portion of the interest expense on any indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or to carry the Notes. A U.S. Holder may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues, in which case the interest deferral rule set forth in the preceding sentence will not apply. This election will apply to all debt instruments that a U.S. Holder acquires on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies and is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS.

199


            In general, if a U.S. Holder purchases a Note for an amount in excess of the stated principal amount of the Note, such excess will constitute bond premium. A U.S. Holder generally may elect to amortize the premium over the remaining term of the Note on a constant yield method as an offset to interest when includible in income under such holder's regular accounting method. The Notes are subject to call provisions at the Issuer's option at various times, as described in this prospectus under "Description of Notes—Redemption". A U.S. Holder will calculate the amount of amortizable bond premium based on the amount payable at the applicable call date, but only if the use of the call date (in lieu of the stated maturity date) results in a smaller amortizable bond premium for the period ending on the call date. If the amortizable bond premium allocable to a year exceeds the amount of interest allocable to that year, the excess would be allowed as a deduction for that year but only to the extent of a holder's prior interest inclusions on the Note. If a U.S. Holder does not elect to amortize bond premium, that premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss such holder would otherwise recognize on disposition of the Note. An election to amortize premium on a constant yield method will also apply to all debt obligations held or subsequently acquired by the electing U.S. Holder on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies. The election may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisor before making the election.

            A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange (other than for exchange notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer or a tax-free transaction), redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a Note equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition (less a portion allocable to any accrued and unpaid interest, which will be taxable as interest) and the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the Note. A U.S. Holder's adjusted basis in a Note generally will be the U.S. Holder's cost therefor, less any principal payments received by such holder, increased by market discount previously included in income, if any, and reduced by any bond premium previously amortized. This gain or loss generally will be a capital gain or loss, and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the Note for more than one year. Otherwise, such gain or loss will be a short-term capital gain or loss.

            A U.S. Holder may be subject to a backup withholding tax when such holder receives interest and principal payments on the Notes held or upon the proceeds received upon the sale or other disposition of such Notes. Certain holders (including, among others, corporations and certain tax-exempt organizations) are generally not subject to backup withholding. A U.S. Holder will be subject to this backup withholding tax if such holder is not otherwise exempt and such holder:

            U.S. Holders should consult their personal tax advisor regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption, if applicable. The backup withholding tax is not an additional tax and taxpayers may use amounts withheld as a

200


credit against their United States federal income tax liability or may claim a refund as long as they timely provide certain information to the IRS.

Non-U.S. Holders

            A non-U.S. Holder is a beneficial owner of the Notes who is not a U.S. Holder or a U.S. Domestic partnership or other entity treated as a U.S. Domestic partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.

            Interest paid to a non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to United States federal withholding tax of 30% (or, if applicable, a lower treaty rate) provided that:

            Even if the above conditions are not met, a non-U.S. Holder may be entitled to a reduction in or an exemption from withholding tax on interest under a tax treaty between the United States and the non-U.S. Holder's country of residence. To claim such a reduction or exemption, a non-U.S. Holder must generally complete IRS Form W-8BEN and claim this exemption on the form. In some cases, a non-U.S. Holder may instead be permitted to provide documentary evidence of its claim to the intermediary, or a qualified intermediary may already have some or all of the necessary evidence in its files.

            The certification requirements described above may require a non-U.S. Holder that provides an IRS form, or that claims the benefit of an income tax treaty, to also provide its United States taxpayer identification number. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the certification requirements for non-United States persons.

            A non-U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to United States federal income tax or withholding tax on gain recognized on the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other disposition of a Note. However, a non-U.S. Holder may be subject to tax on such gain if such holder is an individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the

201

disposition and certain other conditions are met, in which case such holder may have to pay a United States federal income tax of 30% (or, if applicable, a lower treaty rate) on such gain.

            If interest or gain from a disposition of the Notes is effectively connected with a non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a United States trade or business, and, if an income tax treaty applies, the non-U.S. Holder maintains a United States "permanent establishment" to which the interest or gain is attributable, the non-U.S. Holder may be subject to United States federal income tax on the interest or gain on a net basis in the same manner as if it were a U.S. Holder. If interest income received with respect to the Notes is taxable on a net basis, the 30% withholding tax described above will not apply (assuming an appropriate certification is provided). A foreign corporation that is a holder of a Note also may be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% of its effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year, subject to certain adjustments, unless it qualifies for a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty. For this purpose, interest on a Note or gain recognized on the disposition of a Note will be included in earnings and profits if the interest or gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign corporation of a trade or business in the United States.

            Backup withholding will not apply to payments of principal or interest made by the Company or the paying agent, in their capacities as such, to a non-U.S. Holder of a Note if the holder meets the identification and certification requirements discussed above under "Non-U.S. Holders—Interest" for exemption from United States federal withholding tax. However, information reporting on IRS Form 1042-S may still apply with respect to interest payments. Payments of the proceeds from a disposition by a non-U.S. Holder of a Note made to or through a foreign office of a broker will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding, except that information reporting (but generally not backup withholding) may apply to those payments if the broker is:

            Payment of the proceeds from a disposition by a non-U.S. Holder of a Note made to or through the United States office of a broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the holder or beneficial owner certifies as to its taxpayer identification number or otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

            Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding application of withholding and backup withholding in their particular circumstance and the availability of and procedure for obtaining an exemption from withholding, information reporting and backup withholding under current Treasury regulations. In this regard, the current Treasury regulations provide that a certification may not be relied on if the payor knows or has reasons to know that the certification may be false. The backup withholding tax is not an additional tax and taxpayers may use amounts withheld as a credit against their United States federal income tax liability or may claim a refund as long as they timely provide certain information to the IRS.

202


SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

            Buhrmann NV is a public company with limited liability under the laws of the Netherlands. Some of its respective directors and executive officers are non-residents of the United States and a substantial portion of their assets and those of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, you may not be able to effect service of process on such persons or Buhrmann NV within the United States or to enforce in the Netherlands judgments obtained in U.S. courts against them or Buhrmann NV based on civil liability provisions of the U.S. Federal and state securities laws or other laws. Buhrmann NV has been advised by its Dutch counsel, Allen & Overy LLP Amsterdam, that there is doubt as to the direct enforceability in the Netherlands of civil liabilities predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States.

            Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. is a société à responsabilité limitée (private limited liability company) organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Some of its managers are non-residents of the United States and a substantial portion of its assets and those of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, you may not be able to effect service of process on such persons or Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. within the United States or to enforce in Luxembourg judgments obtained in U.S. courts against them or Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. based on civil liability provisions of the U.S. Federal and state securities laws or other laws. Buhrmann Luxembourg S.à.r.l. has been advised by its Luxembourg counsel, Allen & Overy Luxembourg, that there is doubt as to the direct enforceability in Luxembourg of civil liabilities predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States.

            Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. is a Naamloze Vennootschap organized under the laws of Belgium. Some of its directors are non-residents of the United States and a substantial portion of its assets and those of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, you may not be able to effect service of process on such persons or Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. within the United States or to enforce in Belgium judgments obtained in U.S. courts against them or Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. based on civil liability provisions of the U.S. Federal and state securities laws or other laws. Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. has been advised by its Belgium counsel, Allen & Overy LLP Belgium, that there is doubt as to the direct enforceability in Belgium of civil liabilities predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States.

            In connection with the offering of the old notes, Buhrmann NV and each other guarantor incorporated outside of the United States, a state thereof or the District of Columbia appointed CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10011, as their agent for service of process in any suit, action or proceeding with respect to the Notes, the subsidiary guarantees, the indenture governing the Notes, the purchase agreement with the initial purchaser and the registration rights agreement, and for actions under U.S. Federal or state securities laws brought in any U.S. Federal or state court located in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, and they will submit to such jurisdiction.

203


LEGAL MATTERS

            The validity of the securities offered hereby is being passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins, London, England and certain matters of local law relating to the guarantees are being passed upon for us by: Heidi van der Kooij, General Counsel and Company Secretary of Buhrmann NV, as to matters of Dutch law; Thomas Cullen, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Corporate Express, Inc., as to matters of Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska state law; Allen & Overy LLP Antwerp, as to matters of Belgian law; and Allen & Overy Luxembourg, as to matters of Luxembourg law, as set forth in and limited by their respective opinions filed as exhibits to the registration statement.


EXPERTS

            PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V., independent auditors, have audited the consolidated financial statements of Buhrmann NV as of December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 and for the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2003 as stated in their reports appearing herein and in the registration statement. We have included the consolidated financial statements of Buhrmann NV herein and in the registration statement in reliance on PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V.'s report given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. The auditors' address is Prins Bernhardplein 200, 1097-JB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.


AVAILABLE INFORMATION

            We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form F-4 with respect to the securities we are offering. This prospectus incorporates by reference certain business and financial information about us that is not included in or delivered with this document; it does not contain all the information contained in the registration statement, including any exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. You should refer to the registration statement including the exhibits and schedules, for further information about us and the securities we are offering. Statements we make in this prospectus about certain contracts or documents are not necessarily complete. When we make such statements, we refer you to the copies of the contracts or documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement because those statements are qualified in all respects by reference to those exhibits. You may obtain copies of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, without charge, by writing us at the following address or calling us at the following telephone number:

Buhrmann NV
Hoogoorddreef 62
1101 BE Amsterdam ZO
The Netherlands
(011) 31-20-651 11 11

            In order to obtain timely delivery of this information you must request it no later than five business days before the expiration date of the exchange offer.

            In addition, copies of the annual reports on Form 20-F of Buhrmann NV and documents referred to therein are available for inspection upon request at the Buhrmann Corporate Centre at Hoogoorddreef 62, 1101 BE Amsterdam ZO, the Netherlands (tel. +31-20-651 11 11) and the SEC's public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington DC, 20549. In addition, Buhrmann's SEC filings are also available through the SEC's website www.sec.gov.

204


INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
   Page
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:   F-2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003
 
F-2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003
 
F-3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003
 
F-4

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
F-5

Report of Independent Auditors
 
F-8

Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
F-9

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001
 
F-9

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002
 
F-10

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001
 
F-11

Consolidated Statement of Group Equity for the years ended December 31, 2003, December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001
 
F-13

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
F-15

Guarantor information
 
F-94

F-1


Buhrmann N.V.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003

(Unaudited)

 
   March 31,
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   1,348   2,154  
Costs of sales   (981 ) (1,652 )
   
 
 
Added value   367   502  
Labor and other operating costs   (296 ) (423 )
Exceptional operating results   —   56  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   (20 ) (28 )
Amortization of goodwill   (11 ) (13 )
   
 
 
Operating result   40   94  
Total financing costs   (20 ) (47 )
Result from operations before taxes   20   47  
Total taxes   (2 ) 3  
Exceptional tax results   —   30  
Total minority interests   (3 ) (2 )
   
 
 
Net result   15   78  
   
 
 

F-2


Buhrmann N.V.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003

(Unaudited)

 
   March 31,
   December 31,
 
   2004
   2003
 
   (in millions of euro)
Fixed assets   2,229   2,172
Current assets:        
Inventories of trade goods   404   423
Trade receivables   711   736
Other receivables   170   201
Cash   130   145
   
 
Total assets   3,644   3,677
   
 

Group equity
 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity   1,500   1,436
Minority interests   50   48
   
 
    1,550   1,484
Provisions   279   274
Long-term liabilities   970   949

Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Loans and bank overdrafts   53   33
Accounts payable   500   644
Other liabilities   292   293
   
 
Total group equity, provisions and liabilities   3,644   3,677
   
 
Working capital   535   456
Capital employed   2,322   2,207
Interest-bearing net-debt   893   836

F-3


Buhrmann N.V.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003

(Unaudited)

 
   March 31,
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Operating result on a cash basis   73   139  
(Increase)/decrease in inventories   28   (6 )
(Increase)/decrease in trade receivables   43   119  
Increase/(decrease) in trade creditors   (158 ) (164 )
(Increase)/decrease in other receivables and liabilities   46   42  
   
 
 
(Increase)/decrease in working capital   (41 ) (9 )
Financial payments   (18 ) (30 )
Tax payments   (7 ) (6 )
Other operational payments   (8 ) (11 )
   
 
 
Cash flow from operational activities   (1 ) 83  
Investments in tangible fixed assets   (15 ) (18 )
Acquisitions, integration and divestments   (11 ) (7 )
   
 
 
Available cash flow   (27 ) 58  
   
 
 
Cash flow from financing activities   (9 ) (12 )
   
 
 
Net cash flow   (36 ) 46  

F-4


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.     Basis of presentation

        The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Buhrmann N.V. and its subsidiaries (the "Company"). The Company's accounting policies did not change compared with the accounting policies applied for the year ended December 31, 2003. These financial statements are presented in euro and are based on the historical cost convention prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Netherlands ("Dutch GAAP").

        The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2003 has been derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements at that date. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2004 and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 are unaudited. However, in the opinion of management, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring items) necessary to provide a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes as presented on page F-9 through F-103.

        All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

2.     Significant divestments

        With effect from October 31, 2003, the Company completed the sale of its Paper Merchanting Division, as described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        The following table shows the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2003 as if the Paper Merchanting Division and related holding companies would have been presented as a discontinued operation.

 
    
  
Net sales   1,443  
Total costs of sales   (1,053 )
   
 
Added value   390  

Labor and other operating costs
 
(331
)
Exceptional operating results   56  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   (23 )
Amortization and impairment of goodwill   (13 )
   
 
Operating result   79  

Total financing costs
 
(38
)

Result on ordinary operations before taxes
 
41
 

Taxes on result from operations
 
6
 
Exceptional tax results   30  
Other financial results   1  
Minority interests   (2 )
   
 
Net result from continuing operations   76  
Result from discontinued operations   2  
   
 
Net result   78  
   
 

F-5

3.     Earnings per share

        The computation of basic and fully diluted earnings per Ordinary Share is as follows:

 
   Three months
ended
March 31,
 
   2004
   2003
Net result (in euro millions)   15   78
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding (in thousands)   136,166   132,113
Net result per Ordinary Share, basic (in euro)   0.04   0.53

Net result (in euro millions)
 
15
 
78
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding on a fully diluted basis (in thousands)   186,962   155,582
Net result per Ordinary Share, fully diluted (in euro)   0.04   0.48

4.     Shareholders' equity

 
   March 31,
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
EQUITY RECONCILIATION          
Shareholders' equity at January 1   1,436   1,770  
Net result   15   78  
Translation differences   49   (39 )
   
 
 
Shareholders' equity at March 31   1,500   1,809  
   
 
 

5.     Segment information

        As of March 31, 2004, the Company consists of four divisions: the Office Products North America Division, Office Products Europe Division and Office Products Australia Division, which are combined for reporting purposes, and the Graphic Systems Division. As of March 31, 2003, the Company consists of these four divisions and the Paper Merchanting Division. The Paper Merchanting Division was sold with effect from October 31, 2003.

 
   Three months ended March 31,
 
   2004
   2003
 
   (in millions of euro)
NET SALES        
Office Products North America   866   1,003
Office Products Europe/Australia   385   378
Graphic Systems   97   62
Subtotal   1,348   1,443
Paper Merchanting   —   711
Buhrmann Consolidated   1,348   2,154

F-6

 
   Three months ended March 31,
 
   2004
   2003
 
   (in millions of euro)
ADDED VALUE        
Office Products North America   237   275
Office Products Europe/Australia   106   99
Graphic Systems   24   16
Subtotal   367   390
Paper Merchanting   —   112
Buhrmann Consolidated   367   502
 
   Three months ended March 31,
  
 
   2004
   2003
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
OPERATING RESULT          
Office Products North America   35   33  
Office Products Europe/Australia   13   6  
Graphic Systems   (1 ) (9 )
Holdings   (7 ) 49  
Subtotal   40   79  
Paper Merchanting   —   15  
Buhrmann Consolidated   40   94  

6.     Subsequent events

        As discussed in Note 30 to the Consolidated Financial Statements as presented on page F-9 to F-103, the German competition authorities (the Bundeskartellamt or "BKA") launched an investigation against Buhrmann's former subsidiary Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH, alleging a violation of anti-trust rules in Germany in a number of regions. On April 30, 2004, the BKA imposed a final fine on Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH in the amount of EUR 7,602,880 and on eleven other paper merchants in Germany. The fine relates to the period between 1995 and 2000 and covers the whole of Germany with the exception of the South. Buhrmann and Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH do not agree with the fine and the calculation thereof and will lodge an appeal.

        On June 3, 2004 Buhrmann announced a tender offer with respect to all of its USD 350 million 121/4% Notes. The tender offer, subject to withdrawal, comprises a total consideration which will be determined, in accordance with customary market practice, by reference to a fixed spread of 50 basis points over the yield to maturity of the 77/8% US Treasury Note due November 15, 2004. The total consideration includes a consent payment equal to USD 10 per USD 1,000 principal amount of the 121/4% Notes purchased. Buhrmann expects to obtain the funds necessary to consummate the Offer through the offer and sale of debt securities, borrowings under its Senior Credit Facility and with cash on hand.

F-7


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

To the Board of Directors and to the Shareholders of Buhrmann N.V.

            In our opinion the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of cash flows and of group equity present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Buhrmann N.V. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the Netherlands. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the Netherlands and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform our audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis our opinion.

            Accounting principles generally accepted in the Netherlands vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 34, as restated and disclosed on page F-66, to the consolidated financial statements.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V.

Amsterdam, the Netherlands,

February 26, 2004, except for Note 33,
for which the date is June 3, 2004

F-8


Buhrmann N.V.

Consolidated Statements of Income

for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro, except per share data)

  
Net sales   8,053   9,948   10,408  
Costs of trade goods sold   (5,933 ) (7,392 ) (7,702 )
Other costs of sales   (261 ) (303 ) (310 )
Exceptional costs of sales (Note 4)   (5 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total costs of sales   (6,199 ) (7,695 ) (8,012 )
   
 
 
 
Added value   1,854   2,253   2,396  
Labor costs (Note 5)   (1,137 ) (1,330 ) (1,390 )
Other operating costs (Note 6)   (393 ) (467 ) (489 )
Exceptional operating results (Note 7)   56   —   —  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   (104 ) (114 ) (109 )
Amortization of goodwill   (52 ) (70 ) (67 )
Impairment of goodwill (Note 15)   (53 ) (573 ) —  
   
 
 
 
Total operating costs   (1,683 ) (2,554 ) (2,055 )
   
 
 
 
Operating result   171   (301 ) 341  
Net financing costs   (161 ) (199 ) (210 )
Exceptional financing costs   (96 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total financing costs (Note 8)   (257 ) (199 ) (210 )
   
 
 
 
Result from operations before taxes   (86 ) (500 ) 131  
Taxes on result from operations   (8 ) (18 ) (24 )
Exceptional tax results   76   —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total taxes (Note 10)   68   (18 ) (24 )
   
 
 
 
Results from participations and other financial results   1   16   (3 )
Exceptional results from participations and other financial results   (103 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total results from participations and other financial results (Note 9)   (102 ) 16   (3 )
   
 
 
 
Minority interests   (14 ) (12 ) (9 )
Exceptional minority interests   2   —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total minority interests (Note 9)   (12 ) (12 ) (9 )
   
 
 
 
Net result from operations   (132 ) (514 ) 95  
Extraordinary result (after tax) (Note 12)   —   (74 ) (40 )
   
 
 
 
Net result   (132 ) (588 ) 55  
   
 
 
 
Net result per Ordinary Share basic and fully diluted (Note 14)   (1.23 ) (4.70 ) 0.17  
   
 
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

F-9


Buhrmann N.V.

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002

(before appropriation of net result)

 
   December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
ASSETS          
Fixed assets          
Intangible fixed assets (Note 15)   1,518   1,939  
Tangible fixed assets (Note 16)   233   441  
Financial fixed assets (Note 17)   421   481  
   
 
 
    2,172   2,861  
   
 
 
Current assets          
Inventories of trade goods   423   683  
Accounts receivable (Note 18)   736   1,507  
Other receivables (Note 18)   201   321  
Cash and deposits   145   37  
   
 
 
    1,505   2,548  
   
 
 
Total assets   3,677   5,409  
   
 
 

GROUP EQUITY, PROVISIONS AND LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Group equity          
Ordinary Shares (Note 21)   164   158  
Preference Shares (Note 21)   64   64  
Additional paid in capital (Note 21)   2,055   2,034  
Retained earnings   (705 ) 112  
Treasury shares   (10 ) (10 )
Undistributed net result   (132 ) (588 )
Minority interests   48   41  
   
 
 
    1,484   1,811  
   
 
 
Provisions          
Pensions (Note 22)   18   26  
Deferred taxes (Note 22)   177   221  
Other (Note 22)   79   90  
   
 
 
    274   337  
   
 
 
Long-term liabilities          
Subordinated loans (Note 24)   392   334  
Other loans (Note 24)   557   1,344  
   
 
 
    949   1,678  
   
 
 
Current liabilities          
Loans   28   68  
Bank overdrafts   5   26  
Accounts payable   644   1,064  
Other liabilities (Note 25)   293   425  
   
 
 
    970   1,583  
   
 
 
Total group equity, provisions and liabilities   3,677   5,409  
   
 
 
Working capital (Note 19)   456   1,103  
Capital employed (Note 20)   2,207   3,483  
Interest-bearing debt (Note 27)   836   1,735  
Guarantee capital (Note 28)   1,876   2,145  

Commitments not included in the balance sheet (Note 29)
 
524
 
755
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

F-10


Buhrmann N.V.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Cash flow from operating activities              
Operating result   171   (301 ) 341  
Adjustments for:              
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   104   114   109  
Amortization of goodwill   52   70   67  
Impairment of goodwill   53   573   —  
Addition to/(release of) provisions   —   1   13  
(Increase)/decrease in working capital:              
(Increase)/decrease inventories   1   11   85  
(Increase)/decrease accounts receivable   109   195   208  
Increase/(decrease) accounts payable   (43 ) (172 ) (19 )
(Increase)/decrease other receivables and liabilities   14   18   (67 )
   
 
 
 
Net (increase)/decrease in working capital   81   52   207  
   
 
 
 
Cash flow from operations   461   509   737  
Other operational payments:              
Interest paid   (134 ) (184 ) (202 )
Other financial income   18   —   —  
Profit taxes paid   (22 ) (16 ) (27 )
Payments charged to provisions (see Note 22)   (51 ) (51 ) (39 )
   
 
 
 
    (189 ) (251 ) (268 )
   
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities (A)   272   258   469  
   
 
 
 
Cash flow from investing activities              
Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software   (79 ) (107 ) (127 )
Acquisitions   (10 ) (9 ) (578 )
Payments related to integration of acquisitions   (8 ) (90 ) (208 )
Divestment of group companies and participations   641   68   147  
   
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (B)   544   (138 ) (766 )
   
 
 
 
Available cash flow (A+B)   816   120   (297 )
   
 
 
 
Cash flow from financing activities              
Ordinary Shares issued (see Note 21)   —   —   665  
Dividend payments (see Note 21)   (9 ) (25 ) (60 )
Payment to minority shareholders   (7 ) (5 ) (2 )
Paid financing fees (see Note 17)   (25 ) (16 ) (13 )
Settlement of interest rate swaps (Note 24)   (40 ) —   —  
Net repayment of long-term debt (see Note 24)   (600 ) (162 ) (170 )
   
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (C)   (681 ) (208 ) 420  
   
 
 
 
Net cash flow (A+B+C)   135   (88 ) 123  
   
 
 
 
               

F-11

Net increase in liquid funds              
Liquid funds at year-end:              
Cash and deposits   145   37   99  
Short-term borrowings with credit institutions   (5 ) (26 ) —  
   
 
 
 
    140   11   99  
   
 
 
 
Minus liquid funds at beginning of year:              
Cash and deposits   37   99   57  
Short-term borrowings with credit institutions   (26 ) —   (104 )
Translation differences   (6 ) —   (1 )
Short-term liabilities purchased and disposed of   —   —   24  
   
 
 
 
    5   99   (24 )
   
 
 
 
Net increase in liquid funds   135   (88 ) 123  
   
 
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

F-12


Buhrmann N.V.

Consolidated Statements of Group Equity

for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001

 
    
    
   Preference Shares
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
 
   Ordinary Shares
   Issued
and
Paid-in
Capital
    
    
    
    
   Minority
interest
in group
companies
    
  
 
   Additional
paid in
capital
   Retained
earnings
   Treasury
shares
   Undistribu-
ted net
result
   Total
Group
Equity
  
 
   Issued
   Treasury
   A
   C
  
 
   Number of shares

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
 
   (in millions of euro, except number of shares (in thousands))

  
December 31, 2000   102,544   (530 ) 53,282   35   177   1,347   195   (10 ) 207   32   1,948  
Dividend Ordinary Shares for 2000   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   (46 ) —   (46 )
Profit appropriation 2000   —   —   —   —   —   —   161   —   (161 ) —   —  
Option exercised   —   —   —   —   —   —   1   —   —   —   1  
Re-issued in connection with exercised option rights   —   37   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
Redenomination face value shares   —   —   —   —   13   (13 ) —   —   —   —   —  
Issued shares   27,600   —   —   —   29   659   (25 ) —   —   —   663  
Issued shares for stock dividend   1,691   (16 ) —   2   2   —   —   —   —   —   2  
Dividend payments to third parties   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —       (3 ) (3 )
Result 2001   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   55   —   55  
Dividend Preference Shares A for 2001   —   —   —   —   —   —   —       (14 ) —   (14 )
Minority share   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   9   9  
Translation differences (net of taxes)   —   —   —   —   —   —   57   —   —   (1 ) 56  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2001   131,835   (509 ) 53,282   37   221   1,993   389   (10 ) 41   37   2,671  
Reclassification additional paid-in capital Preference Shares C   —   —   —   —   —   42   (42 ) —   —   —   —  
Dividend Ordinary Shares for 2001   —   —   —   —   —   —       —   (10 ) —   (10 )
Profit appropriation 2001   —   —   —   —   —   —   31   —   (31 ) —   —  
Issued shares   —   —   —   —   1   (1 ) —   —   —   —   —  
Issued shares for stock dividend   793   (6 ) —   2   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
Dividend payments to third parties   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —       (5 ) (5 )
Result 2002   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   (588 ) —   (588 )
Dividend Preference Shares A for 2002   —   —   —   —   —   —   (11 ) —   —   —   (11 )
Dividend Preference Shares C for 2002   —   —   —   —   —   —   (21 ) —   —   —   (21 )
Preference Shares C to be issued   —   —   —   —   —   —   21   —   —   —   21  
Minority share   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   12   12  
Translation differences (net of taxes)   —   —   —   —   —   —   (255 ) —   —   (3 ) (258 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2002   132,628   (515 ) 53,282   39   222   2,034   112   (10 ) (588 ) 41   1,811  
                                               

F-13

Dividend Ordinary Shares for 2002   —   —   —   —   —   —   (4 ) —       —   (4 )
Profit appropriation 2002   —   —   —   —   —   —   (588 ) —   588   —   —  
Issued shares for stock dividend   4,064   (11 ) —   2   6   —   —   —   —   —   6  
Consolidation/deconsolidation   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   (2 ) (2 )
Dividend payments to third parties   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —       (7 ) (7 )
Result 2003   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   (132 ) —   (132 )
Dividend Preference Shares C issued for 2002   —   —   —   —   —   21   (21 ) —   —   —   —  
Dividend Preference Shares A for 2003   —   —   —   —   —   —   (11 ) —   —   —   (11 )
Dividend Preference Shares C for 2003   —   —   —   —   —   —   (22 ) —   —   —   (22 )
Preference Shares C to be issued   —   —   —   —   —   —   22   —   —   —   22  
Minority share   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   12   12  
Translation differences (net of taxes)   —   —   —   —   —   —   (193 ) —   —   4   (189 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2003   136,692   (526 ) 53,282   41   228   2,055   (705 ) (10 ) (132 ) 48   1,484  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

            Dividend on cumulative preference shares A of EUR 11 million and C of EUR 21 million for 2003 are included in group equity considering their cumulative nature.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-14


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.         Business

            Buhrmann N.V. and its subsidiaries ("the Company"), headquartered in the Netherlands, are engaged in supplying office products and office furniture directly to end users. The Company also supplies and maintains pre-press systems, printing presses and folding, cutting and binding machines directly to end users.

            Following the sale of the packaging activities in 1998, the Company began to concentrate fully on its service and distribution activities. Consequently a US company in the office product industry, Corporate Express Inc., was acquired on October 28, 1999.

            In April 2001, the Company acquired the office supplies division of Samas-Groep N.V. and in May 2001 substantially all of the assets of the North American office products business of US Office Products Company (USOP) were acquired. The Samas and USOP acquisitions are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements as of the respective date of acquisition, which has an impact on comparability of, among others, Consolidated Statements of Income and Cash Flows.

            With effect from October 31, 2003, the Company completed the sale of its Paper Merchanting Division to PaperlinX Limited. The Paper Merchanting Division was a distributor of paper and related products to the graphic, office and display markets, mainly in Europe.

            After this sale, Buhrmann continues as a focused leader in business services and distribution in the office products markets. Divestments are further described in Note 3.

            After the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, the Company has activities in the Netherlands, United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, Canada, Austria, Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Poland, Spain and Sweden.

2.         Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

            The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in euro and are based on the historical cost convention prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Netherlands ("Dutch GAAP") and comply with the financial reporting requirements included in Title 9, Book 2 of the Netherlands Civil Code.

            These standards vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"). Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 34.

            These Consolidated Financial Statements differ in certain respects from the Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures included in the Buhrmann N.V. Annual Report 2003 furnished to Buhrmann's shareholders. Among other things, the parent company balance sheet and income statement and related disclosures are not included in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Also, additional footnote disclosures have been added in order for these Consolidated Financial Statements to comply with US GAAP and the requirements of the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Lastly, the summary of differences between Dutch GAAP and US GAAP contained in Note 34 has been changed to, among other things, reflect the adoption of Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 02-16, "Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor", on a cumulative effect basis.

F-15


            As a general principle, an asset is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefits will flow to the Company and the asset can be measured reliably. A liability is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet when it is probable that an outflow of resources will result from the settlement of a present obligation, and the amount at which the settlement will take place can be measured reliably. If the criteria for recognition are no longer met, the assets and liabilities are derecognized. Unless otherwise stated in the following Notes, assets and liabilities are shown at face value. Where necessary, the assets have been reduced to reflect permanent diminutions in value.

            In 2003, the following accounting policies and estimates changed compared to 2002:

            In 2002 and 2001, Buhrmann incurred EUR 113 million and EUR 86 million of expenses relating to restructuring measures and integration of acquisitions for its continuing operations which were presented as extraordinary expenses. Under the new Guideline described above, these expenses would have been classified as exceptional operating expenses (see Note 7).

            From 2002, cash, deposits, accruals for income tax and interest are no longer included in working capital (see Note 19). The net effect on working capital at December 31, 2001 was a decrease of EUR 95 million and the comparative numbers have been adjusted.

Use of estimates

            The Consolidated Financial Statements include amounts that are based on management's best estimate and judgments particularly in the areas of intangible fixed assets, specifically for goodwill impairment, other receivables in respect of rebates from suppliers, provisions for restructuring and integration, provisions for legal proceedings, provisions for pensions, taxation in respect of deferred taxes and currency translation and exchange differences on loans and currency swaps. Estimates are mainly based on past experience and are evaluated on an on-going basis. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Consolidation policies

            The consolidation of Buhrmann includes Buhrmann N.V. and the companies in which it can exert a controlling influence on the commercial and financial policy (group companies). These companies are fully consolidated.

F-16


            Companies in which Buhrmann can exert significant, but not a controlling influence on the commercial and financial policy are not consolidated but valued at net equity value according to Buhrmann's accounting policies (associated companies). Investments in companies in which Buhrmann is unable to exert significant influence are valued at cost or lower long-term market value. All balances and transactions between group companies have been eliminated in consolidation. Minority interests in group companies are disclosed separately in the Consolidated Statement of Income and in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

            The assets and liabilities of foreign group companies are translated into euros at the rates prevailing at the Balance Sheet date. Income Statements of foreign group companies are translated into euros at the average rates for the reporting period. The resulting translation differences are recorded directly in Group equity.

            The results and cash flows of group companies acquired by the Group are included as of the date of acquisition. This also applies to the results of associated companies. When group companies and associated companies are acquired, the difference between the acquisition price and the net equity value is recorded as goodwill and is amortized over the expected economic life with a maximum of forty years.

            From the date the control of a group company or associated company has ceased, for example due to divestment, the difference between the realizable value and the net equity value, including the book value of capitalized goodwill, is recorded in the income statement. Divested group companies are consolidated until the moment of divestment.

Presentation

            The Consolidated Statements of Income are presented in an extended format that is more detailed than the models prescribed by the Guidelines for Annual Reporting applicable in the Netherlands. Figures are often presented before exceptional items and where applicable before amortization and impairment of goodwill. These figures are regarded by Buhrmann as key performance indicators increasing the transparency of the reporting.

Foreign currencies

            Accounts receivable, cash and deposits and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the balance sheet date, unless these are reflected in currency forward contracts. In such cases, valuation occurs using a currency forward rate. The resulting translation differences are included in income. Translation and exchange differences, net of related taxation, arising from long-term loans to group companies and associated companies that have the nature of permanent investment, are recorded directly in Group equity. Translation and exchange differences on loans extended by and swaps entered into with third parties which are designated as, and effective as, economic hedges of net investments (equity investments or permanently invested loans) in a foreign Group company or associated company are also recorded directly in Group equity.

F-17


            The following translation rates against the euro have been used (main currencies only):

Currency per 1 euro
   December 31,
2003
   Average
2003
   December 31,
2002
   Average
2002
   December 31,
2001
   Average
2001
AUD   1.6802   1.7384   1.8556   1.7365   1.7270   1.7325
CAD   1.6234   1.5821   1.6550   1.4828   1.4077   1.3868
GBP   0.7048   0.6918   0.6505   0.6287   0.6080   0.6218
USD   1.2630   1.1307   1.0487   0.9448   0.8813   0.8955

Policies for the Consolidated Statements of Income

Net sales

            Net sales represent the invoiced value of deliveries and services to third parties, less discounts, commissions to agents and sales tax.

            The Company had the following divisions: Office Products North America, Office Products Europe, Office Products Australia, Graphic Systems and the Paper Merchanting Division until its sale with effect from October 31, 2003. For reporting purposes, the Office Products Europe Division and Office Products Australia Division are combined.

            Sales in the Office Products Divisions (such as office supplies, furniture, consumable computer products) are in general recognized at the point of delivery, as Buhrmann has no future performance obligations.

            In the Graphic Systems Division, sales of machines are recognized after installation as of January 1, 2003. Sales of supplies and spare parts are in general recognized at the point of delivery.

            The sales in the Paper Merchanting Division comprise of paper to printers, publishers and the office market. The sales of these products are recognized at the point of delivery to the customer in accordance with the shipping terms.

            In all Divisions, sales of services are recognized in the period in which the services are rendered.

Costs of trade goods sold

            Cost of trade goods sold represents the purchase price of trade goods sold, including duties, insurance and in-bound transportation costs. Rebates and catalogue contributions (net of related costs) received from suppliers are deducted from costs of trade goods sold. Rebates received from suppliers are accrued into income based on volume and specific vendor programs. Rebates received or accrued relating to unsold inventories at balance sheet date are deducted from the value of the inventories. Catalogue contributions (net of related costs) reduce costs of trade goods sold in the period for which the catalogue is in use.

Other cost of sales

            Other costs of sales mainly comprise out-bound, third party delivery expenses as well as expenses relating to doubtful accounts receivable, obsolete inventories and temporary personnel.

F-18


Added value

            Added value is arrived at by subtracting costs of trade goods sold and other costs of sales from net sales.

Advertising costs

            Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and development

            Costs of research are expensed as incurred and included in labor and other operating costs. Costs of research are insignificant. Costs of development, which predominantly relates to internally used software, are capitalized and after being put into use, amortized over the expected life of the asset.

Exceptional results

            During the course of a year, certain events take place that may be viewed as part of a Company's normal business operations. These events however, have unique characteristics that set them apart from the Company's standard day-to-day operations. These events may be so infrequent and of such a size that reporting them as exceptional items provides the opportunity to give a more operationally oriented view on the results of the business. Other events, such as restructurings are so large and impact the Company's operations and cost structure so significantly, that reporting them as exceptional items aims to clarify the effect of these decisions on the results of operations. In order to increase transparency, these events have been separately disclosed as exceptional results as of January 1, 2003. In the periods prior to January 1, 2003, this type of results were reported as extraordinary.

Results from participations and other financial results

            These include:

Taxation

            The amount of tax included in the Consolidated Statements of Income is based on pre-tax reported income and calculated at current local tax rates, taking into account timing differences and the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

            Deferred tax assets and liabilities are provided for temporary differences in the valuation of assets and liabilities for reporting and fiscal purposes and for loss carryforwards. Deferred taxes are stated at nominal value and are determined using the local tax rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Within tax groups, where the exercise periods permit and is legally enforceable, deferred tax

F-19

assets and liabilities are netted. Resulting deferred tax assets are included in the consolidated balance sheet under "Financial fixed assets", insofar as realization is more likely than not. The realizability is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. Resulting deferred tax liabilities are included under "Provisions".

            No withholding taxes are provided for the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries on the basis that these amounts are permanently reinvested in these subsidiaries.

Policies for the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Intangible fixed assets

            Goodwill paid after December 31, 1996 and costs of the development of internally used software are recorded under this heading.

            Goodwill is amortized over the expected economic life of goodwill with a maximum of forty years. Prior to January 1, 1997 goodwill was written off directly to Group equity.

            Costs of development of internally used software are capitalized and, after being put into use, amortized over the expected life (between 3–5 years).

            The Company performs at least annually a goodwill impairment test to determine if a write-off for permanent diminution in value needs to be recorded. Under the impairment test, the fair value is calculated for the relevant entity carrying the goodwill based on discounted expected future cash flows. The fair value is compared to the book value of the entity, including allocated goodwill. In case the fair value is below the book value, the difference is charged to income as an impairment if the impairment is deemed to be permanent. The cash flows are for this purpose discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved.

Tangible fixed assets

            Tangible fixed assets are valued at purchase price less the relevant linear depreciation over its expected average economic life. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

            The depreciation rates per year are as follows:

Land   Not depreciated
Buildings   3–7%
Plant and equipment   5–10%
Other fixed equipment   10–33%

            The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of tangible fixed assets and internally used software to be held and used when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of a tangible fixed asset and internally used software is considered impaired when the anticipated discounted cash flows from such an asset is less than its carrying value. In that event a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the discounted cash flow value of the tangible fixed asset and internally used software, if the impairment is deemed to be permanent. The cash flows are for this purpose discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved.

F-20


Financial fixed assets

            This item includes:

Financial instruments

            Carrying amounts of the Company's cash and deposits, participations, accounts receivable, accounts payable, other receivables, other liabilities and bank overdrafts approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. Information about the fair value of the Company's long-term loans is included in Note 24.

            Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments, including forward foreign exchange, currency and interest swaps, that meet the criteria for hedge accounting, including those on terminated contracts, are deferred and included in income in the same period that the hedged transaction is realized. Realized gains and losses and unrealized losses on derivative financial instruments not meeting the criteria for hedge accounting treatment are included in income. Any differences between amounts paid or received on interest rate swap agreements are recognized as adjustments to interest expense over the life of each swap, thereby adjusting the interest rate on the hedged obligation. In the event that the hedged transaction terminates, the deferred gains or losses on the associated derivative will be recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Information about the estimated fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments is included in Note 24. The estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments is determined using quoted market prices, or market pricing models.

Credit risks

            The Company's customer base is spread over many industries and sectors,including government institutions, and most of these customers are large corporations or institutions. No individual customer represents 10% or more of the Company's total sales or trade accounts receivable balance in any year.

            Management believes it has adequately provided for the collection risk in the Company's accounts receivable, which for a substantial part are insured, by recording an allowance for doubtful accounts, which reduces such amounts to their net realizable value.

            Because the Company deals only with major commercial banks with high-quality credit ratings, it does not anticipate non-performance by any of these counterparties. The Company has deposited its cash and deposits with reputable financial institutions and believes the risk of loss to be remote.

Inventories

            Inventories of trade goods are valued at average historic cost which includes the purchase price, net of volume related rebates and cash discounts received from suppliers, duties, insurance and in-bound transportation costs. Overhead costs related to inventories are not significant and are not

F-21


included in historic cost. If the market value of trade goods is lower than the historic cost, valuation takes place at market value. A provision for obsolescence is recorded if deemed necessary.

Accounts receivable

            Accounts receivable are stated at face value less a provision for doubtful receivables, if deemed necessary.

Other receivables

            Other receivables are stated against the lower of face value or recoverable amount and include:

Cash and deposits

            The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and deposits.

Minority interests

            Minority interests in group companies are valued at net equity value in accordance with Buhrmann's accounting policies.

Provisions

            A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation to transfer economic benefits as a result of past events, it is probable that such a transfer will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made. The amount recognized is the best estimate of the cost required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. A present obligation exists when the company has little or no discretion to avoid incurring the expenditure.

            The provision for pension relates to insured and uninsured defined benefit plans, both determined at actuarial value. Most defined benefit plans are insured in separate trusts (pension funds) to which the Company makes contributions. For these insured schemes an accrual is only recorded if additional contributions are committed to meet minimum funding levels as defined by local law. The exact amount of the accrual depends on the funding level and the specific financing arrangements.

            The provision for deferred taxes is stated at face value of the estimated net liability (see Taxation).

            Other provisions include integration and reorganization accruals following acquisitions, divestments and restructuring of the business as well as provisions for product warranties.

Policies for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

            The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are derived from the Consolidated Statements of Income and other changes between the opening and closing balance sheets in local currencies, translated at average exchange rates. The indirect method is used. The changes in provisions include movements in provisions for doubtful accounts receivable and obsolete inventories.

F-22


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

            Cash flows resulting from exceptional items are accounted for by their nature as cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities.

            The net cash flow is recorded net of the effects of acquisitions and divestments on liquid funds or short-term debt to credit institutions.

3.         Significant Acquisitions and Divestments

Acquisitions

            All of the Companies major acquisitions were accounted for as purchases with the results of operations of the acquired companies included in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows from the date of acquisition. As of January 1, 1997, goodwill is no longer written off directly to Group equity but capitalized and amortized over a straight-line basis with a maximum of forty years.

            In April 2001, the office supplies division of Samas-Groep N.V. was acquired for a debt-free price of EUR 321 million in cash. All of the operations of the Samas office supplies division in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland were transferred to Buhrmann. More than 90 percent of the sales of this division were generated in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. In April 2002, the Company finalized the process of determining the goodwill. The final total amount of goodwill paid for this acquisition was EUR 290 million, which is amortized in forty years.

            In May 2001, Corporate Express, Inc. acquired from US Office Products Company (USOP), the assets of its North American office products business. USOP offered a full range of office products, including traditional office products, office furniture, computer supplies and accessories, business forms and software. The purchase price for the USOP business was USD 172 million (EUR 193 million) in cash. In May 2002, the Company finalized the process of determining the goodwill. The final total amount of goodwill paid for this acquisition was USD 151 million (EUR 144 million) which is amortized in forty years.

            In addition, the Company made a number of smaller acquisitions in 2001. The amount paid for all acquisitions in 2001 was EUR 535 million and resulted in EUR 457 million of goodwill.

            In 2002 and 2003, a number of small acquisitions were made, mainly in the Office Products Australia Division, for which a total amount of EUR 10 million was paid both in 2002 and 2003. These acquisitions resulted in goodwill of EUR 15 million in 2002 and EUR 6 million in 2003 in total.

Divestments

            A precondition for approval of the European Commission of the acquisition of the Samas office supplies division was the sale of the office products division of Buhrmann's subsidiary Corporate Express Nederland B.V. This sale was effected in November 2001 at a debt-free price of EUR 22 million in cash.

            In June 2001, Buhrmann sold its Italian ict-reseller, NPO Sistemi S.p.A. based in Milan, to the company's management at a debt-free price of EUR 30 million in cash. This transaction resulted in a loss of EUR 3 million.

            In 2002, there were no major divestments.

F-23


            In April 2003, Buhrmann sold the assets of DocVision B.V., which is active in mailroom, copy/print services and archives management, for a cash consideration of EUR 8 million on a debt free basis.

            With effect from October 31, 2003, Buhrmann completed the sale of its Paper Merchanting Division to PaperlinX Limited. The initial consideration for the sale was EUR 706 million. As the sale was made on a debt-free and cash-free basis, the initial consideration was reduced by EUR 6 million. Under the terms of the final purchase agreement, there were certain agreed purchase price adjustments mainly related to the net equity value of the Paper Merchanting Division, pensions and restructuring. These purchase price adjustments resulted in a further reduction of the purchase price of EUR 63 million. In addition, a provision for warranties is included in the results as Buhrmann has indemnified PaperlinX for certain existing claims as at November 1, 2003. The final amounts arising from these adjustments are subject to final agreement with PaperlinX and might change. In 2003, a loss of EUR 112 million on this sale was recognized which is summarized in the table below:

 
   (in millions of euro)
  
Initial consideration   706  
less:      
Net debt and cash adjustment   (6 )
Other purchase price adjustments   (63 )
   
 
Net   637  
   
 
Net equity value Paper Merchanting Division as at November 1, 2003:      
Shareholders' equity (net)   625  
Goodwill   97  
Net debt and cash   (6 )
   
 
    716  
   
 
Book result   (79 )
Transaction fees   (15 )
Warranties   (18 )
   
 
Total result (loss)   (112 )
   
 

F-24

            The major balance sheet classes included in assets and liabilities of the Paper Merchanting Division as of October 31, 2003 were as follows:

 
   October 31,
2003
Intangible fixed assets (excluding goodwill)   15
Tangible fixed assets   156
Financial fixed assets   12
   
Total fixed assets   183
   
Inventories   213
Receivables   642
Cash   19
   
Total current assets   874
   
Total assets   1,057
   
Provisions   25
Current liabilities   407
   
Total provisions and liabilities   432
   
Shareholders' equity (net)   625

            Under Dutch GAAP, the results and cash flows from a discontinued operation are included in operating results and cash flows until the date the operations are actually sold. Under US GAAP, the results and cash flows from discontinued operations are presented separately from continuing operations whereby the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for previous years are restated for discontinuance of an operation. The Paper Merchanting Division qualifies as a discontinued operation under US GAAP.

            The following table shows the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 as if the Paper Merchanting Division and related holding companies would have been presented as a discontinued operation. Taxes have been allocated to discontinued

F-25


operations as if the companies were separated into separate financial entities. Net financing costs allocated to discontinued operations is the interest based on net intercompany debt.

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   5,787   6,960   7,282  

Costs of trade goods sold
 
(4,096
)
(4,953
)
(5,136
)
Other costs of sales   (191 ) (215 ) (225 )
Exceptional costs of sales   (5 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total costs of sales   (4,292 ) (5,168 ) (5,361 )
   
 
 
 
Added value   1,495   1,792   1,921  

Labor costs
 
(938
)
(1,087
)
(1,145
)
Other operating costs   (300 ) (346 ) (375 )
Exceptional operating results   48   —   —  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software   (87 ) (93 ) (87 )
Amortization of goodwill   (49 ) (67 ) (64 )
Impairment of goodwill   (53 ) (547 ) —  
   
 
 
 
Total operating costs   (1,379 ) (2,140 ) (1,671 )
   
 
 
 
Operating result   116   (348 ) 250  

Net financing costs
 
(135
)
(154
)
(168
)
Exceptional financing costs   (96 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total financing costs   (231 ) (154 ) (168 )
   
 
 
 
Result from continuing operations before taxes   (115 ) (502 ) 82  

Taxes on result from continuing operations
 
6
 
(5
)
(10
)
Exceptional tax results of continuing operations   76   —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total taxes   82   (5 ) (10 )
   
 
 
 
Results from participations and other financial results   1   13   (3 )
Exceptional results from participations and other financial results   9   —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total results from participations and other financial results   10   13   (3 )
   
 
 
 
Minority interests   (14 ) (12 ) (9 )
Exceptional minority interests   2   —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total minority interests   (12 ) (12 ) (9 )
   
 
 
 
Net result from continuing operations   (35 ) (506 ) 60  
Extraordinary result from continuing operations   —   (41 ) (30 )
Discontinued operations (including result on disposal)   (97 ) (41 ) 25  
   
 
 
 
Net result   (132 ) (588 ) 55  
   
 
 
 

F-26

Notes to the Consolidated Statements of Income
(in millions of euro, unless stated otherwise)

4.         Exceptional costs of sales

            The timing of the recognition of catalogue income for the Office Products Australia Division has been brought fully in line with Buhrmann's accounting policy. This harmonization has resulted in an exceptional charge of EUR 5 million.

5.         Labor costs

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Wages and salaries   (919 ) (1,072 ) (1,132 )
Social security contributions   (155 ) (188 ) (182 )
Pension schemes   (35 ) (29 ) (27 )
Other   (28 ) (41 ) (49 )
   
 
 
 
Total   (1,137 ) (1,330 ) (1,390 )
   
 
 
 

Number of employees at year end
 
17,832
 
24,858
 
27,235
 

Average number of employees per division
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office Products North America   11,463   13,000   14,286  
Office Products Europe and Australia   5,947   6,124   6,279  
Graphic Systems   1,132   1,153   1,198  
Corporate   72   73   70  
   
 
 
 
Sub-total excluding Paper Merchanting   18,614   20,350   21,833  
Paper Merchanting   4,453   5,634   5,610  
   
 
 
 
Total Group   23,067   25,984   27,443  
   
 
 
 

Average number per geographical region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States   10,711   12,285   13,495  
United Kingdom   1,852   2,333   2,529  
The Netherlands   2,039   2,444   2,513  
Germany   2,217   2,527   2,800  
Rest of EMU members   3,034   3,187   3,124  
Australia and New Zealand   1,793   1,507   1,368  
Rest of the World   1,421   1,701   1,614  
   
 
 
 
Total   23,067   25,984   27,443  
   
 
 
 

6.         Other operating costs

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Rent and maintenance costs   (121 ) (140 ) (144 )
General management costs   (177 ) (209 ) (221 )
Other operating costs   (95 ) (118 ) (124 )
   
 
 
 
Total   (393 ) (467 ) (489 )
   
 
 
 

F-27


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

7.         Exceptional operating results

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
Indemnity payments received   58   —   —
Other   (2 ) —   —
   
 
 
Total   56   —   —
   
 
 

            Indemnity payments:

            Buhrmann was involved in an arbitration case initiated in 1994 against the French company Ipfo Bail S.A. (formerly named Locafrance S.A.). The claim related to the acquisition by the Buhrmann Group from Ipfo Bail S.A. of all of the shares in the capital of the French company Agena S.A. in 1991. The claim was based on misrepresentation of the financial position of that company in the closing Balance Sheet at the time of the acquisition. An indemnity payment of EUR 79 million was awarded to Buhrmann as the outcome of this arbitration case. After deduction of costs, this resulted in an exceptional operating profit of EUR 58 million.

            Other:

            The exceptional loss of EUR 2 million is the result of a reassessment of the 2002 restructuring charge for lease commitments of vacant properties in the Office Products North America Division (EUR 6 million), additional restructuring charges in the Office Products Europe Division (EUR 3 million) and the Graphic Systems Division (EUR 1 million). These charges were partly offset by a reassessment of restructuring commitments for the Paper Merchanting Division related to revised numbers of redundancies and a continuation of the property usage which were included in the 2002 restructuring charge (EUR 8 million).

8.         Total financing costs

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Net financing costs:              
Interest costs   (144 ) (182 ) (195 )
Amortization of capitalized financing costs   (14 ) (22 ) (16 )
Foreign exchange differences   (3 ) 5   1  
   
 
 
 
    (161 ) (199 ) (210 )
   
 
 
 

Exceptional financing costs:

            As a result of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division and the subsequent early redemption of debt and the refinancing carried out in the fourth quarter of 2003, the following exceptional financing results were recorded:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Impairment capitalized financing fees   (53 ) —   —  
Refinancing related advisory fees   (5 ) —   —  
Exchange rate differences   2   —   —  
Costs of interest rate swap settlements   (40 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
    (96 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total financing costs   (257 ) (199 ) (210 )
   
 
 
 

F-28

9.         Total results from participations and other financial results

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Results from participations and other financial results   1   16   (3 )
Exceptional results from participations and other financial results   (103 ) —   —  
   
 
 
 
Total results from participations and other financial results   (102 ) 16   (3 )
   
 
 
 

            Results from participations and other financial results in 2002 comprise the share in the result of a 25% participation in an Italian paper merchant of EUR 3 million and the release of EUR 13 million of a provision for uncollectibility of loan notes. The loan notes were early redeemed in 2002. In 2001, results from participations and other financial results comprise the result of the office products division of Corporate Express Nederland B.V. (Zwolle) from April to when it was sold in November.

            The sale of the Paper Merchanting Division in 2003 resulted in a loss of EUR 112 million which was recorded as an exceptional other financial results (see Note 3). The sale of the assets of DocVision B.V. in the second quarter of 2003 resulted in a book profit of EUR 7 million. EUR 2 million profit was the result of a release of provisions related to former divestments which were no longer needed.

10.       Income taxes

            Buhrmann's international operations are subject to income taxes of different jurisdictions with varying statutory tax rates.

            Buhrmann's effective tax rate was 12.5% in 2003, compared to 12.2% in 2002 and 11.8% in 2001. The effective tax rate is determined based on the ratio of taxes on result from operations to the amount of result from operations before exceptional and extraordinary results and before, as these items are predominantly exempted from taxes, amortization and impairment of goodwill. For reporting purposes, total tax as per Consolidated Statement of Income has been allocated between the Netherlands and abroad.

            In 2003, exceptional (non-cash) tax benefits of EUR 76 million were recorded. Following the receipt of the aforementioned indemnity payment (see Note 7), a tax benefit of EUR 30 million was recognized resulting from the release of a valuation allowance regarding the former Information Systems Division (France). The transaction structure for the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division and the subsequent debt reduction resulted in a EUR 8 million tax benefit. The refinancing of Buhrmann led to a further impairment of capitalized financing fees resulting in the recognition of a tax asset of EUR 11 million. Improved outlook on future taxable results triggered the release of a valuation allowance of EUR 15 million. Tax provisions related to the acquisitions of both Corporate Express in 1999 and USOP in 2001 were released to an amount of EUR 10 million.

F-29


            The split of result before amortization and impairment of goodwill and before exceptional and extraordinary results is as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Result from operations before taxes   (86 ) (500 ) 131  
Exceptional cost of sales   5   —   —  
Exceptional operating result   (56 ) —   —  
Amortization of goodwill   52   70   67  
Impairment of goodwill   53   573   —  
Exceptional financing costs   96   —   —  
   
 
 
 
    64   143   198  
   
 
 
 
Ordinary operations:              
The Netherlands   57   86   108  
Foreign   7   57   90  
   
 
 
 
    64   143   198  
   
 
 
 
Exceptional result in 2003 and extraordinary result in 2002 and 2001:              
The Netherlands   38   5   12  
Foreign   (83 ) (108 ) (78 )
   
 
 
 
    (45 ) (103 ) (66 )
   
 
 
 
Total result before amortization and impairment of goodwill and taxes   19   40   132  
   
 
 
 

            The allocation of taxes as per Consolidated Statement of Income is as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Ordinary operations:              
The Netherlands   (14 ) (16 ) (33 )
Foreign   6   (2 ) 9  
   
 
 
 
    (8 ) (18 ) (24 )
   
 
 
 
Exceptional result in 2003 and extraordinary results in 2002 and 2001:              
The Netherlands   22   1   1  
Foreign   54   28   25  
   
 
 
 
    76   29   26  
   
 
 
 
Total taxes   68   11   2  
   
 
 
 

F-30

            A reconciliation from Buhrmann's Dutch statutory tax rate to its weighted average statutory tax rate and effective tax rate is as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Statutory tax rate in the Netherlands   34.5 % 34.5 % 35.0 %
Tax rate differential resulting from geographical mix   (6.6 )% (8.9 )% (8.8 )%
   
 
 
 
Weighted average statutory tax rate   27.9 % 25.6 % 26.2 %
Changes in deferred tax assets and allowances   (3.6 )% (5.3 )% (6.6 )%
Other (including exempt income, non-deductible expenses and incentives)   (11.8 )% (8.1 )% (7.8 )%
   
 
 
 
Effective tax rate   12.5 % 12.2 % 11.8 %
   
 
 
 

            In a number of countries specific tax loss carry-forwards (EUR 200 million at December 31, 2003) are kept which have not been valued, often due to the specific circumstances under which they can be utilized.

11.       Total minority interest

            Minority interests mainly represent the 48% share of third parties in the result of Corporate Express Australia Ltd. The exceptional result is the adjustment of the recognition of catalogue contributions in the Office Products Australia Division to fully comply with Buhrmann accounting policies.

12.       Extraordinary result (after tax)

            Extraordinary income in 2002 was EUR 10 million which consists of a release of a provision for warranties relating to divested companies which were settled in 2002. Extraordinary expense in 2002 was EUR 113 million which includes a charge of EUR 111 million relating to both restructuring measures of EUR 60 million and non cash write-offs on it and distribution infrastructure of EUR 51 million. A tax benefit of EUR 29 million related to these charges was taken into account.

            In 2001, Buhrmann sold its remaining interest in Sappi Limited. After the settlement of hedging and other transaction costs, this resulted in a positive cash flow of EUR 75 million and extraordinary income of EUR 20 million. In 2001, extraordinary expenses of EUR 86 million were recorded consisting of expenses relating to cost reduction measures, including a reduction in the workforce, of EUR 45 million and EUR 41 million for expenses relating to the integration of the office supplies divisions of USOP and Samas that did not qualify as goodwill and for certain expenses relating to the sale of Corporate Express Nederland BV. A tax benefit of EUR 26 million was recorded on these extraordinary results.

13.       Remuneration and loans Members of the Executive Board and Supervisory Board

Remuneration policy Members of the Executive Board

            The Remuneration Policy for the Executive Board is determined by the Supervisory Board on the recommendation of the Compensation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee ("the Committee") and adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. Any material amendments to the Remuneration Policy must be submitted to the General Meeting.

F-31


            The determination of the remuneration for each individual Board Member is in principle a responsibility of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board has delegated this authority to the Committee. As of January 1, 2004 this delegation will be reviewed each year by the Supervisory Board. Pursuant to this delegation of authority, and acting within the principles of the remuneration Policy, the Committee sets the remuneration packages for the members of the Executive Board, including base salary, pension rights, bonus and long-term incentive awards, grants of share options and any severance payments. The Committee may make decisions, which reflect special circumstances and make remuneration plan alterations which will be accounted for in the next annual report. The Committee does not retain remuneration consultants but seeks professional advice from external advisors as it sees fit.

            The objective of the remuneration policy is to attract and retain Executive Board Members with an international outlook and to motivate them to perform in such a way that the value of Buhrmann is enhanced. Remuneration of the Executive Board is aimed at balancing short-term operational performance with the longer-term objective of creating sustainable value and growth. Levels of remuneration are reviewed annually in the light of external expert advice taking account of competitive levels of remuneration according to relevant industry comparisons in each country environment. In addition, employment contracts and main conditions of employment for Members of the Executive Board are annually reviewed.

            Currently, Members of the Executive Board have been appointed for an indefinite term. In the event that new Members are appointed a maximum period of four years will apply provided that market circumstances so permit. Notice periods of up to six months for termination of employment have been set for each Executive Board Member. The current contracts of the Members of the Executive Board determine that where employment is terminated in the event of an acquisition of the Company or where actual control passes into other hands ("change of control"), or in the case of reorganization, termination of the Company's activities or in other comparable circumstances that cannot be considered as blameworthy function fulfilment on the part of the Board Member concerned, compensation will be paid by Buhrmann to the amount of three times the annual fixed salary (twice the annual fixed salary in the case of the contract of Mr Hoffman) and the pension accumulation over this period will continue. Buhrmann believes that this provision ensures that the Executive Board can fully concentrate on the interests of the Company and those associated with the Company when evaluating a possible merger, acquisition or reorganization. With regard to other situations, no fixed severance payment has been arranged with the Members of the Executive Board. Buhrmann believes that the circumstances of the case should be taken into account, considering relevant factors such as the reason for the termination, the age of the person in question, and the duration of employment, when determining the amount of severance payment, as a result of which, in specific cases, it could exceed the compensation mentioned in the Code. The performance by a Board Member of his duties will in any event be an important factor.

            The remuneration for Members of the Executive Board consists of a base salary, variable pay comprising an annual performance bonus, share option plan, pension, long-term incentive plan (North America only) and pre-pension provision (Europe only). In addition allowances and fringe benefits

F-32


similar to many other employees at Buhrmann are paid. The details of the remuneration package are as follows:

Base salary:

            The base salary for Members of the Executive Board is set at a market competitive level. Where Members of the Executive Board reside outside the Netherlands, benchmark salary levels are referenced for Europe and North America.

Variable pay:

            Variable pay is an important part of the remuneration package for the Executive Board. Members of the Executive Board participate in an annual bonus plan based on the achievement of a number of targets, which reflect key drivers for value creation, long-term growth in shareholder value, and the development of earnings per share. Target bonus levels for the Executive Board range from 50% to 75% of base salary. The amount of annual bonus is determined by the Committee based on the achievement of targets set by the Committee. For the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer the performance of the total Buhrmann Group is the determining factor, while for the other, European based Board Members, 50% is related to Group targets and 50% to the respective Division targets. As from 2004, the Group related bonus targets for the CEO, CFO and other European based Board Members may be a combination of the performance of the total Group, division based targets and individual targets. The bonus of Mr. Hoffman entirely relates to the performance of Buhrmann's Office Products North America business. The Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has the right to change targets as a result of unforeseen circumstances, and may also decide to grant a special bonus for special circumstances if such is justified in the opinion of the Committee. Such measures will always be accounted for in the annual report. In addition to the annual bonus plan, Mr. Hoffman, participates in a long-term incentive plan designed specifically for the senior management of the Office Products North America Division. Under this incentive plan, which has a three year duration, a bonus of 2.5 times base salary can be earned annually subject to the achievement of specific performance conditions related to annual economic value creation targets.

Share Option Plan:

            Buhrmann operates a share option plan, which aims to focus senior management on the growth of long-term sustainable value for shareholders. The Executive Board Members participate in this share option plan. The allocation of the share options granted to the individual Executive Board Members is determined by the Committee, on an annual basis.

            The options have a term of seven years and vest after three years. Currently no performance conditions apply to either the grant or the vesting of the options. The exercise price for option rights granted is the closing price of Buhrmann Ordinary Shares on the first trading on which the shares are quoted ex-dividend after the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. Neither the exercise price nor other conditions in relation to the granted options can be modified during the term of the options, except insofar as prompted by structural changes relating to the shares or the Company in accordance with established market practice.

F-33


Pension and pre-pension provision:

            The aim of the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is that retirement benefits should be in line with good practice and consistent with those provided by other multinational companies, in each country of residence of the Executive Board Members. Current pension arrangements are based on individual defined contribution plans with a normal retirement age of 65 (Europe). Mr. Hoffman, who is a resident of North America, is eligible to participate in the Company US defined contribution plan. Pre-pension arrangements provide for retirement of Executive Board Members (Europe) from age 60 to 62. In addition, pension arrangements include an entitlement to a pension in the event of ill-health or disability and a spouse's or dependant's pension on death on terms similar to those applicable to employees participating in the Dutch Buhrmann Pension Fund.

Personal loans:

            The Company does not grant personal loans or guarantees to Members of the Executive Board. Since 2003 no loans have been, or will be, granted to meet upfront Dutch income tax on share options granted. These loans have been granted up to and including 2002.

Remuneration Members of the Executive Board (in thousands of euro):

 
   Salary
   Bonus
   Pension charges
 
   2003
   2002
   2003
   2002
   2003
   2002
F.H.J. Koffrie   555   545   —   —   220   169
R.W.A. de Becker*   375   212   —   —   439   247
G. Dean   417   408   375   —   282   258
M.S. Hoffman*   548   423   1,402 ** —   43   19
F.F. Waller   340   295   68   —   119   103
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   2,235   1,883   1,845   —   1,103   796
   
 
 
 
 
 
*
Mr. de Becker and Mr. Hoffman were appointed on May 2, 2002. The remuneration reported relates only to the period of Membership of the Executive Board and is based on the performance for the period.

**
An amount of EUR 398 thousand (USD 450 thousand) relates to the 2002 bonus under the long-term incentive plan 2000–2002 as granted in 2003.

            Salaries were paid in euros with exception of Mr. Hoffman, whose remuneration is paid in US dollars. Correcting for currency translation effects and period of Membership of the Executive Board, the annualized increase of the total salary costs for members of the executive Board was about 6% as compared to 2002.

            Bonuses related to 2003 amounted to EUR 1,447 thousand of which EUR 663 thousand relates to the annual bonus plan and EUR 784 thousand (USD 886 thousand) to an accrual for the long-term incentive plan for Mr. Hoffman. The actual financial performance of the Group and the European Divisions in 2003 has resulted in no bonuses having been granted to the European Executive Board Members over this year. However, special bonuses have been awarded to Mr. Dean related to the

F-34


divestment of the former Paper Merchanting Division and to Mr. Waller related both to this divestment and to the re-financing of the Group. For Mr. Hofmann, a bonus of EUR 220 thousand (USD 251 thousand) was accrued on the basis of the financial performance of the Office Products North America Division.

            Pension charges of EUR 1,103 thousand consist of payments made to the relevant pension schemes and accruals for early retirement according to the regular, contractual rates. The Members of the Executive Board have pension plans for retirement at the age of 65. These pension plans are defined contribution plans. In addition, Dutch Members of the Executive Board participate in an early retirement plan which gives them the right to retire at the age of 60. The Company has not insured the early retirement plan. Pension premiums in the compensation table represent pension premiums paid for the defined contribution pension plans and the annual charge to net result relating to the liability in the Company's balance sheet regarding the early retirement plan.

F-35


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Share options for Members of the Executive Board

            At the end of 2003, the Members of the Executive Board held option rights on 660,000 Buhrmann Ordinary Shares:

 
   January 1,
2003
   Granted
during the
year*
   Option
exercise
price
   Theoretical
Value of
grant
in EUR**
   Granted in 2003
   Exercised
in 2003
   Outstanding
Dec 31,
2003
   Expiry
date
F.H.J. Koffrie   25,000   1999   15.40   101,000   —   —   25,000   11.04.2004
    40,000   2000   32.94   418,000   —   —   40,000   16.05.2005
    40,000   2001   24.52   317,200   —   —   40,000   19.04.2006
    55,000   2002   13.69   348,150   —   —   55,000   05.05.2007
    —   2003   2.85   72,600   55,000   —   55,000   01.05.2010
   
             
 
 
   
    160,000               55,000   —   215,000    
   
             
 
 
   
R.W.A. de Becker   10,000   2001   19.61   79,300   —   —   10,000   19.04.2006
    30,000   2002   13.69   189,900   —   —   30,000   05.05.2007
    —   2003   2.85   39,600   30,000   —   30,000   01.05.2010
   
             
 
 
   
    40,000               30,000   —   70,000    
   
             
 
 
   
G. Dean   20,000   1999   15.40   80,800   —   —   20,000   11.04.2004
    25,000   2000   26.35   261,250   —   —   25,000   16.05.2005
    27,500   2001   19.61   218,075   —   —   27,500   19.04.2006
    35,000   2002   13.69   221,550   —   —   35,000   05.05.2007
    —   2003   2.85   46,200   35,000   —   35,000   01.05.2010
   
             
 
 
   
    107,500               35,000   —   142,500    
   
             
 
 
   
M.S. Hoffman   15,000   2000   26.35   156,750   —   —   15,000   16.05.2005
    17,500   2001   29.61   138,775   —   —   17,500   19.04.2006
    50,000   2002   13.69   316,500   —   —   50,000   05.05.2007
    —   2003   2.85   66,000   50,000   —   50,000   01.05.2010
   
             
 
 
   
    82,500               50,000   —   132,500    
   
             
 
 
   
F.F. Waller   20,000   2000   32.94   209,000   —   —   20,000   16.05.2005
    20,000   2001   24.52   158,600   —   —   20,000   19.04.2006
    30,000   2002   13.69   189,900   —   —   30,000   05.05.2007
    —   2003   2.85   39,600   30,000   —   30,000   01.05.2010
   
             
 
 
   
    70,000               30,000   —   100,000    
   
             
 
 
   
Total   460,000               200,000   —   660,000    
   
             
 
 
   
*
Under Dutch fiscal rules, management receiving options can elect to accept a 25% higher exercise price. The base exercise price was set at EUR 2.85 in 2003, EUR 13.69 in 2002, EUR 19.61 in 2001, EUR 26.35 in 2000 and EUR 15.40 in 1999, equaling the share price at close of business on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange on May 2, 2003, May 6, 2002, April 20, 2001, April 17, 2000 and April 7, 1999 respectively.

**
The fair value of the options is estimated by using the Black & Scholes option price determination model using assumptions at the moment of the grant. It does not reflect the current market value. Details on the assumptions used for the calculation are provided in Note 26.

F-36

Loans to Members of the Executive Board

            Loans totaling EUR 116 thousand (2002: EUR 162 thousand) were outstanding to Members of the Executive Board at the end of 2003. No new loans have been granted to Members of the executive Board since 2002. The outstanding loans are generally repaid over a period of five years from their date of grant. Historically, these loans have been granted by the Company within the context of the Buhrmann Share Option Plan and served to finance the upfront payment of income taxes due from the optionees upon the grant of the options under Dutch tax law. Specification:

 
   Principal
   Interest
   Outstanding
as at
December 31,
2002
   Repaid in
2003
   Outstanding
as at
December 31,
2003
 
    
    
   (in thousands of euro)
F.H.J. Koffrie:                    
1999   46   4.00%   14   9   5
2000   25   5.00%   13   5   8
2001   16   5.25%   12   4   8
2002   78   5.25%   72   16   56
           
 
 
            111   34   77
           
 
 
F.F. Waller:                    
2000   13   5.00%   6   2   4
2001   8   5.25%   6   2   4
2002   43   5.25%   39   8   31
           
 
 
            51   12   39
           
 
 
Total           162   46   116

Ownership of Securities by Members of the Executive Board

            Of the Members of the Executive Board, the following persons held shares in Buhrmann at December 31, 2003 as set forth below:

 
   Ordinary
Shares
F.H.J. Koffrie   50,595
M.S. Hoffman   50,000
F.F. Waller   3,098
   
    103,693
   

            Members of the Executive Board individually and in the aggregate own less than one percent of Ordinary Shares and (depositary receipts of) Preference Shares A in Buhrmann.

F-37


Remuneration of Members of the Supervisory Board

            The General Meeting of Shareholders determines the remuneration for the Supervisory Board Members. The remuneration for a Supervisory Board Member does not depend on the Company's results.

            The total remuneration to Members of the Supervisory Board in 2003 amounted to approximately EUR 270,000 and may be specified as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
  
 
   (in thousands of euro)

  
P.C. van den Hoek   70.2 (1)(2) 57.7 (1)(2)
A.G. Jacobs   53.3 (1)(2) 43.3 (1)(2)
R.C. Gay   28.0   28.0  
J.J. Hannan(3)   7.0   —  
K. de Kluis(4)   —   10.1  
J. Peelen   30.3 (2) 29.5 (2)
A.P. Ressler(5)   21.0   28.0  
G.H. Smit   30.3 (2) 30.3 (2)
R. Zwartendijk   30.3 (2) 30.3 (2)
   
 
 
Total   270.4   257.2  
   
 
 
(1)
Including (pro rata) remuneration received as Member of the Supervisory Board of Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V. from November 2002.

(2)
Including remuneration of the Membership of the Audit Committee and/or the Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Membership, as applicable.

(3)
Mr. Hannan was appointed as Member of the Supervisory Board as per October 8, 2003.

(4)
Mr. de Kluis retired from the Supervisory Board on May 2, 2002.

(5)
Mr. Ressler retired from the Supervisory Board on October 8, 2003.

Ownership of Securities by Members of the Supervisory Board

            Of the Members of the Supervisory Board, only the following persons held Ordinary Shares and depositary receipts of Preference Shares A in Buhrmann at December 31, 2003 as set forth below:

 
   Ordinary
Shares
   Depositary
receipts of
Preference
Shares A
P.C. van den Hoek   31,057   —
A.G. Jacobs   945   411
   
 
    32,002   411
   
 

F-38

            Mr. Van den Hoek transferred the discretionary management of his securities portfolio to an independent third party.

14.       Earnings per share

            Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing result after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding for the periods under review. Dividends paid to holders of Preference Shares A and C of EUR 33 million in 2003, EUR 32 million in 2002 and EUR 34 million in 2001 were deducted for the years presented. Fully diluted earnings per share assume that any dilutive convertible securities were converted at the beginning of each year and all options outstanding at the end of the year were exercised, insofar as the average marketprice was higher than the average exercise price during the financial year. The computation of basic and fully diluted earnings per Ordinary Share is as follows:

 
  
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
  
   (in millions of euro, unless otherwise indicated)

  
Computation basic earnings per share              
Net result   (132 ) (588 ) 55  
Less dividends on Preference Shares A and C   (33 ) (32 ) (34 )
     
 
 
 
C— Net result after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares   (165 ) (620 ) 21  
  Exceptional result   70   —   —  
  Extraordinary result   —   74   40  
     
 
 
 
B— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares   (95 ) (546 ) 61  
  Amortization and impairment of goodwill   105   643   67  
     
 
 
 
A— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results and before amortization and impairment of goodwill after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares   10   97   128  
     
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding (in thousands)   134,653   131,818   123,760  

Basic earnings per share (in euro)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

F-39

A— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results and before amortization and impairment of goodwill   0.08   0.74   1.03  
B— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results after amortization and impairment of goodwill   (0.70 ) (4.14 ) 0.49  
C— Net result including exceptional and extraordinary results and after amortization and impairment of goodwill   (1.23 ) (4.70 ) 0.17  

Computation fully diluted earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net result   (132 ) (588 ) 55  
Add-back: interest Subordinated Convertible Bond   2   —   —  
Less: dividend on Preference Shares A   (11 ) (11 ) (14 )
     
 
 
 
C— Net result after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares after assuming dilution   (141 ) (599 ) 41  
  Exceptional result   70   —   —  
  Extraordinary result   —   74   40  
     
 
 
 
B— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares after assuming dilution   (71 ) (525 ) 81  
  Amortization and impairment of goodwill   105   643   67  
     
 
 
 
A— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results and before amortization and impairment of goodwill after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares after assuming dilution   34   118   148  
     
 
 
 
 
   2003
   2002
   2001
Computation weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding on fully diluted basis (in thousands):            
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding   134,653   131,818   123,760
Conversion of Subordinated Convertible Bond(1)   13,669   —   —
Conversion of Preference Shares C(2)   35,658   23,157   21,893
Exercise of Share Option Rights(3)   651   —   —
   
 
 
    184,630   154,975   145,653
   
 
 
Fully diluted earnings per share* (in euro)            
A— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results and before amortization and impairment of goodwill   0.08   0.74   1.02
B— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results after amortization and impairment of goodwill   (0.70 ) (4.14 ) 0.49
C— Net result including exceptional and extraordinary results and after amortization and impairment of goodwill   (1.23 ) (4.70 ) 0.17

F-40

*
A mathematical calculation of the fully diluted earnings per share would be as follows:

 
  
   2003
   2002
   2001
 
  
   (in euro)
A— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results and before amortization and impairment of goodwill   0.19   0.76   1.02
B— Net result before exceptional and extraordinary results after amortization and impairment of goodwill   (0.38 ) (3.39 ) 0.56
C— Net result including exceptional and extraordinary results and after amortization and impairment of goodwill   (0.76 ) (3.87 ) 0.28

            As fully diluted earnings per share figures are higher than basic earnings per share, fully diluted earnings per share are adjusted downwards to basic earnings per share.

(1)       Subordinated Convertible Bond

            A 7-year Subordinated Convertible Bond loan with listing at the Euronext Exchange in Amsterdam was issued in 2003 for the amount of EUR 114,819,000, with a coupon of 2%. The bonds are convertible in Buhrmann Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of EUR 8.40 per share which would result in the issuance of 13,669 (in thousands) Ordinary Shares.

(2)       Preference Shares C

            The dilution resulting from conversion of the Preference Shares C is calculated on the basis of the statutory conversion price taking into account the dividend on these shares over the last book year. The conversion price amounted to EUR 11.9318 at the end of 2003 (2002 EUR 17.4325). The number of Ordinary Shares obtained from conversion is calculated by dividing the paid-in value of USD 10,000 per share by the conversion price on the basis of the fixed exchange rate euro=USD 1.02547. At year-end 2003, 41,396 Preference Shares C (2002 year-end 39,280) were outstanding entitled to a dividend of 2,232 new Preference Shares C.

(3)       Share Option Rights

            The calculation is based on the assumption that the proceeds resulting from the exercise of options are used to acquire Ordinary Shares on the stock market. In case the market price is higher than the exercise price, dilution occurs. In case the exercise price is higher than the market price, no dilution occurs. At December 31, 2003 the following calculation was made:

Options in the money: options granted in 2003 at an average exercise price of   EUR   2.87   A

Average market price Ordinary Share Buhrmann
 
EUR
 
5.16
 
B

Number of options granted in 2003 outstanding at December 31, 2003
 
 
 
1,467,067
 
C

Theoretical proceeds from exercise of options
 
EUR
 
4,212,823
 
D=C×A

Theoretical purchase treasury stock at average market price
 
 
 
816,358
 
E=D/B

Theoretical increase in outstanding Ordinary Shares
 
 
 
650,709
 
F=C-E

F-41


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions of euro, unless stated othwise)

15.       Intangible fixed assets

            The changes in intangible fixed assets are as follows:

 
   Total
   Goodwill
   Internally used
Software
  
Balance as of December 31, 2002:              
Cost   2,566   2,566   —  
Accumulated amortization   (205 ) (205 ) —  
Accumulated impairment   (573 ) (573 ) —  
Reclassification internally used software from tangible fixed assets:              
—Cost   299   —   299  
—Accumulated depreciation   (148 ) —   (148 )
   
 
 
 
Book value   1,939   1,788   151  
   
 
 
 
Changes in consolidation   (107 ) (97 ) (10 )
Net investment   48   7   41  
Amortization   (101 ) (52 ) (49 )
Impairment   (53 ) (53 ) —  
Release provisions (net of tax)   (6 ) (6 ) —  
Reclassification   5   —   5  
Translation differences   (207 ) (187 ) (20 )
   
 
 
 
Total changes   (421 ) (388 ) (33 )
   
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2003:              
Cost   2,459   2,137   322  
Accumulated amortization   (442 ) (238 ) (204 )
Accumulated impairment   (499 ) (499 ) —  
   
 
 
 
Book value   1,518   1,400   118  
   
 
 
 

            Net investment in 2003 primarily relates to acquisitions in the Office Products Australia Division.

            The goodwill paid for companies acquired is (generally) amortized over a period of 40 years. The assessment of the economic life is based on the consideration that a permanent advantage is being realized. This is based on the following characteristics of the business:


            At least annually a goodwill impairment test is performed to determine if a write-off for permanent diminution in value needs to be recorded. Under the impairment test, the fair value is

F-42

calculated based on discounted future cash flows, which is compared to the book value, including goodwill.

            An organic decline of sales leading to a reduced level of profitability for our Office Products Europe Division caused a reduction in the calculated fair value of that business in 2003. Since this fair value was lower than the book value, an impairment of goodwill of EUR 53 million for Office Products Europe Division was recognized in 2003.

            Amortization cost of goodwill was EUR 70 million in 2002 and EUR 67 million in 2001 and amortization cost of internally used software was EUR 45 million in 2002 and EUR 39 million in 2001.

16.       Tangible fixed assets

            The movements in tangible fixed assets are as follows:

 
   Total
   Land and
buildings
   Machinery and
equipment
   Other
equipment
   Prepayments
and under
construction
  
Balance as of December 31, 2002:                      
Cost   1,250   405   317   510   18  
Accumulated depreciation   (658 ) (143 ) (198 ) (317 ) —  
Reclassification internally used software to intangible fixed assets:                      
—Cost   (299 ) —   —   (299 ) —  
—Accumulated depreciation   148   —   —   148   —  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Book value   441   262   119   42   18  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net investments   38   —   25   3   10  
Depreciation   (56 ) (14 ) (25 ) (17 ) —  
Changes in consolidation   (152 ) (121 ) (25 ) (6 ) —  
Reclassification   (5 ) (1 ) (14 ) 10   —  
Translation differences   (33 ) (19 ) (10 ) (1 ) (3 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total changes   (208 ) (155 ) (49 ) (11 ) 7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2003:                      
Cost   501   173   189   114   25  
Accumulated depreciation   (268 ) (66 ) (119 ) (83 ) —  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Book value   233   107   70   31   25  
   
 
 
 
 
 

            Depreciation cost was EUR 69 million in 2002 and EUR 70 million in 2001.

F-43


17.       Financial fixed assets

            The movements in financial fixed assets are as follows:

 
   Total
   Partici-
pations
   Financial
receivables
   Capitalized
financing costs
   Deferred
taxes
  
Book value December 31, 2002   481   18   38   80   345  

Result from participations and other financial results
 
1
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in consolidation   (11 ) (11 )            
Investments/capitalized costs   22   (1 ) 1   22   —  
Received indemnity payment   (18 ) —   (18 ) —   —  
Transfers deferred tax liabilities   27   —   —   —   27  
Transfer to short-term   (1 ) —   —   —   (1 )
Amortization of financing costs   (14 ) —   —   (14 ) —  
Impairment of financing costs   (53 ) —   —   (53 ) —  
Addition in benefit of result   62   —   —   —   62  
Translation differences   (75 ) (1 ) (2 ) (5 ) (67 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Book value December 31, 2003   421   6   19   30   366  
   
 
 
 
 
 

            Financial receivables relate to various claims and receivables resulting from acquisitions and divestments with a long-term nature.

            Financing fees are the capitalized costs related to the issuance and contractual efforts for the various components of the debt. The capitalized financing fees are amortized over the duration of the related debt instrument. During 2003, an impairment amounting to EUR 53 million was recorded as a result of debt reduction following the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division (EUR 23 million) and the refinancing of the old Senior Credit Facility (EUR 30 million). Fees incurred in the refinancing for the Subordinated Convertible Bond and the Senior Credit Facility amounted to EUR 22 million.

            Deferred tax assets are detailed in Note 23.

18.       Receivables

 
   December 31, 2003
   December 31, 2002
Accounts receivable       736       1,507

Other receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued income   126       199    
Other prepayments and accruals   57       96    
Financial receivables and accruals   18       26    
   
     
   
        201       321
       
     
Total receivables       937       1,828
       
     

            Of the total receivables of EUR 937 million, an amount of EUR 1 million will mature after more than one year (2002: EUR 1 million).

F-44


            As per December 31, 2003, accounts receivable of EUR 248 million were pledged under the accounts receivable securitization program. These receivables and related borrowings are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 24).

            Accrued income consists mainly of accrued vendor rebates and catalogue income.

            Other prepayments and accruals include among others prepayments for labor costs and operating costs (such as rent and insurance premiums).

            Financial receivables and accruals relate to accruals for interest and profit tax.

            The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable are shown in Note 36.

19.       Working Capital

 
   December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
  
Inventories   423   683  
Accounts receivable   736   1,507  
Accrued income (Note 18)   126   199  
Other prepayments and accruals (Note 18)   57   96  
Accounts payable   (644 ) (1,064 )
Other payables and accruals (Note 25)   (243 ) (318 )
   
 
 
    456   1,103  
   
 
 

20.       Capital Employed

 
   December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
Tangible fixed assets   233   441
Internally used software   118   151
Working capital   456   1,103
   
 
Capital employed before goodwill   807   1,695
Goodwill   1,400   1,788
   
 
Total capital employed including goodwill   2,207   3,483
   
 

21.       Issued and Paid in Capital and Additional Paid-in Capital

            Buhrmann's authorized share capital at December 31, 2003 amounted to EUR 732,000,000, divided into 250,000,000 Ordinary Shares, 54,940,000 Preference Shares A, 305,000,000 Preference Shares B and 60,000 Preference Shares C, with a nominal value of EUR 1.20 per share each. The Ordinary Shares may, at the option of the Buhrmann shareholders, be bearer shares or registered shares. The Preference Shares A and B are registered shares. The Preference Shares C are registered shares, but may under certain circumstances be converted into bearer shares.

F-45


            At December 31, 2003, the issued and paid-in share capital was divided over 190,015,293 issued shares, consisting of 136,691,918 Ordinary Shares, 53,281,979 Preference Shares A and 41,396 Preference Shares C, all of which have been fully paid up. There are currently no Preference Shares B outstanding.

            At December 31, 2003, a total number of 526,155 Ordinary Shares were held in deposit in connection with the Share Option Plan (see Note 26). The carrying amount was EUR 10 million at December 31, 2003 which is the value at which it was purchased.

            On March 27, 2001, 24 million Ordinary Shares were issued with a face value of NLG 2.50 each at a price of EUR 25 per share. On March 30, 2001, an additional 3.6 million Ordinary Shares were issued at the same price. The total proceeds amounted to EUR 665 million, net of expenses.

            On June 12, 2001, the face value of all shares was redenominated from NLG 2.50 to EUR 1.20. This resulted in an increase of issued and paid-in capital of EUR 13 million which was charged against additional paid-in capital.

            Issued and paid-in capital and additional paid in capital can be specified as follows:

As of December 31, 2003

 
   Issued and
paid-in
capital
   Additional
paid-in
capital
 
   (in millions of euro)
Ordinary Shares   164   1,539
Preference Shares A   64   121
Preference Shares C   0   395
   
 
    228   2,055
   
 

As of December 31, 2002

 
   Issued and
paid-in
capital
   Additional
paid-in
capital
 
   (in millions of euro)
Ordinary Shares   158   1,539
Preference Shares A   64   121
Preference Shares C   0   374
   
 
    222   2,034
   
 

F-46

As of December 31, 2001

 
   Issued and
paid-in
capital
   Additional
paid-in
capital
 
   (in millions of euro)
Ordinary Shares   157   1,540
Preference Shares A   64   121
Preference Shares C   0   332
   
 
    221   1,993
   
 

            The additional paid-in capital for commercial and tax purposes is almost equal. The additional paid-in capital resulting from Preference Shares A and C can only be paid to the holders of these shares.

Voting rights

            The Annual General Meeting shall be held not later than 6 months after the end of the financial year. Extraordinary general meetings of shareholders shall be held as often as the Executive Board or the Supervisory Board deem necessary. Any general meeting of shareholders shall be held in Amsterdam.

            Pursuant to the Articles of Association, each share of capital stock is entitled to one vote, so that each share of Preference Shares A, Preference Shares B, Preference Shares C and Ordinary Shares is entitled to one vote in all matters properly brought before the shareholders of Buhrmann. Unless the Articles of Association or mandatory law provides otherwise, all shareholders' resolutions require an absolute majority of the votes.

Preference Shares A

            As of December 31, 2003, all issued and outstanding Preference Shares A had been taken into administration in Stichting Administratiekantoor Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann ("Trust Office"), against which depositary receipts with limited convertibility were issued. The Trust Office was established under Dutch law in May 1994, and has its registered seat in Maastricht.

            The purpose of the Trust Office is to issue and administer registered depositary receipts of Preference Shares A. The holders of the depositary receipts receive all the economic benefits which attach to ownership of the Preference Shares A. The depositary receipts can be exchanged for Preference Shares in accordance with the provisions of the Articles of Association, subject to certain limitations. The depositary receipts are listed on Euronext NV, Amsterdam.

            The Preference Shares A held by the Trust Office are voted in accordance with the decision of a majority of the board of the Trust Office. The Trust Office exercises the voting rights attached to the Preference Shares A in a manner which safeguards the interests of Buhrmann, its affiliates and all stakeholders as effectively as possible.

            The voting right attached to one Preference Share A held by the Trust Office can be exercised at a General Meeting of Shareholders. Notwithstanding the general provision in the Articles of

F-47


Association which provides that each share of capital stock is entitled to one vote, an arrangement with the Trust Office exists with respect to the Preference Shares A such that the voting right attached to each Preference Share Ais related to the value of the Preference Shares A in proportion to the value of the Ordinary Shares in the capital of Buhrmann. The voting right with respect to the Preference Shares A is calculated on the basis of the total value (based on the stock market price of a depositary receipt) of one Preference Share A, divided by the stock market price of one Ordinary Share, both on the last trading day of the month prior to the month in which the shareholders' meeting is convened, with a maximum of one.

            The Preference Shares A are non-redeemable and earn cumulative dividends.

Preference Shares B

            As of December 31, 2003 no Preference Shares B had been issued. Buhrmann and the Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann have entered into a put and call option agreement relating to Preference Shares B. Pursuant to this agreement, under certain circumstances, Buhrmann has the right (and, under certain circumstances, the obligation) to issue and sell to the Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann, Preference Shares B, up to a maximum amount equal to the share capital of Buhrmann other than in the form of Preference Shares B, minus one. Once any Preference Shares B are issued to Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann, Buhrmann has the right to repurchase from Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann such Preference Shares B at their issue price plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any. Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann has the right to require Buhrmann to repurchase the Preference Shares B held by it. Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann will exercise its voting rights attached to such Preference Shares B in accordance with its purpose. The purpose of Stichting Preferente Aandelen Buhrmann is to safeguard the interests of Buhrmann, the enterprise connected therewith and all interested parties in Buhrmann, with respect to, among other things, the continuity and identity of these enterprises.

Preference Shares C

            On October 28, 1999, an aggregate of 35,000 Preference Shares C were issued to two US venture capital groups, Apollo Management IV and Bain Capital to provide part of the financing of the acquisition of Corporate Express. As of December 31, 2003, a total number of 41,396 Preference Shares C had been issued to Apollo Management IV and Bain Capital. Each Preference Share C has a nominal value of EUR 1.20 per share. The terms of the Preference Shares C were changed substantially as a result of a change in the articles of association that was approved by the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders in October 2003.

Conversion

            The Preference Shares C are convertible, at the option of the holders, in whole or in part, into Ordinary Shares. The base conversion rate amounts to EUR 13 (converted into US dollar as set forth in the Articles of Association). The Preference Shares C are subject to certain anti-dilution protections, which can lead to an adjustment of the conversion price in case of share issuances subject to certain exceptions as described in the Articles of Association. In addition, the conversion price shall be reduced annually with an amount equal to 50% of the dividend distributed on Ordinary Shares. Following the dividend paid in April 2004 in respect of the financial year 2003, each Preference Share

F-48


C is convertible into a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the liquidation preference divided by EUR 11.8968. The liquidation preference of each Preference Share C is USD 10,000, plus accrued dividends.

Ranking

            The Preference Shares C rank equal to the Preference Shares A and have a preference with regard to dividend distributions and rights during liquidation and dissolution in respect of all existing and future series of ordinary and preference shares, provided that they rank equal to the Preference Shares A. As long as there are outstanding Preference Shares C, Buhrmann may not repurchase or cancel Ordinary Shares and/or other Preference Shares, except for Preference Shares B, without the prior approval of the meeting of holders of Preference Shares C.

Voting right

            Each Preference Share C is entitled to one vote on all matters to be voted upon generally by the holders of Ordinary Shares, and the holders of Preference Shares C vote together with the holders of Ordinary Shares as one class. Only changes to the Articles of Association that negatively affect the rights pertaining to the Preference Shares C as well as certain other decisions such as acquisitions and divestments with a value in excess of USD 350 million and share issues require the prior approval of the holders of Preference Shares C.

Redemption

            If the closing price of the Ordinary Shares is at any time at or above 125% of the then prevailing conversion price for the Preference Shares C for a period of 30 consecutive trading days, Buhrmann may cancel or repurchase all outstanding Preference Shares C. The amount per Preference Share C to be paid will be, in the event that such cancellation or repurchase takes place (1) after the fourth anniversary but on or before the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Preference Shares C, 105.50% of the liquidation preference; (2) after the fifth anniversary but on or before the sixth anniversary of the issuance of the Preference Shares C, 102.75% of the liquidation preference; and (3) following the sixth anniversary of the issuance of the Preference Shares C, 100% of the liquidation preference. The liquidation preference for each Preference Share C is USD 10,000.

            On the eleventh anniversary of the issue date, Buhrmann has the right, in its sole discretion, to cancel or repurchase the Preference Shares C at 100% of the "liquidation preference".

            If there is a change of control (as such term is defined in the Articles of Association) of Buhrmann or the office products business of Buhrmann in the United States, the holders of the Preference Shares C can request that Buhrmann cancel or repurchase all of the outstanding Preference Shares C at 101% of the liquidation preference.

F-49


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Dividends

            The proposed dividend for a financial year must be approved by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders and the dividend is paid after this meeting. Dividend payments are only allowed to the extent that the shareholders' equity is in excess of the sum of the paid-up capital and any reserves required under Dutch law. Under the Articles of Association, before the dividend will be paid to any other class of shares, the dividend with respect to the Preference Shares A and Preference Shares C must be paid first from the profits earned in any given financial year.

            The annual dividend on the Preference Shares C is equal to a percentage of the liquidation preference of such shares (which is USD 10,000). For the year 2003, the percentage is equal to 5.5%, for the years 2004 and 2005 the percentage is equal to 6%, for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008 the percentage is equal to 6.5%, for the year 2009 the percentage is equal to 7.5% and for the year 2010 and the following years the percentage is equal to 8.5%, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances as set forth in the Articles of Association.

            The annual dividend on the Preference Shares C may, at the option of Buhrmann, be distributed in cash or in the form of additional Preference Shares C.

            The annual dividend on the Preference Shares A is fixed for successive periods of eight years. For the period ending December 31, 2009 the dividend is equal to EUR 0.21 per share per annum. The annual dividend on the Preference Shares A is based on a percentage of the liquidation preference of those shares (which is EUR 3.40355) which percentage is equal to 1.25 points above the arithmetic mean of the average effective yields on Dutch government bonds with terms of seven to eight years, as calculated by the Central Office for the Statistics and published in the Official Stock Exchange List of Euronext Amsterdam. Preference Shares C earn cumulative dividends.

            From the balance of the remaining profits after the dividend on the Preference Shares A and Preference Shares C have been paid, Buhrmann will pay a dividend on the Preference Shares B, if such Preference Shares B have been issued, the percentage of which to be calculated over the paid up portion of the nominal value is equal to the repurchase interest rate of the European Central Bank plus or minus a maximum of three percentage points, to be determined by the Executive Board and subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board.

            In the event that for any given fiscal year the dividend payments referred to above cannot be made (in whole or in part) because there are not sufficient profits, payment of the deficiency shall be made out of the profits from succeeding financial years. The profit remaining after payment of dividends on the Preference Shares C may be distributed as a dividend to the holders of the Ordinary Shares, subject to any allocation to reserves.

F-50


22.       Provisions

            The movements in provisions are as follows:

 
    
    
    
   Other provisions
  
 
   Total
   Deferred
taxes
   Pensions
   Integration
and restructuring
   Other
  
Position at December 31, 2002:                      
Long-term   337   221   26   42   48  
Short-term   71   —   —   66   5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total provision   408   221   26   108   53  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidation/deconsolidation   (18 ) —   (9 ) (6 ) (3 )
Payments   (59 ) —   (1 ) (50 ) (8 )
Additions charged to result   52   1   2   10   39  
Releases to result   (51 ) (37 ) —   (8 ) (6 )
Releases to goodwill   (9 ) —   —   (9 ) —  
Transfer deferred tax assets   27   27   —   —   —  
Allocation tax from other provisions   —   (14 ) —   —   14  
Translation differences   (24 ) (21 ) —   (3 ) —  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total changes   (82 ) (44 ) (8 ) (66 ) 36  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Position at December 31, 2003:                      
Long-term   274   177   18   11   68  
Short-term   52   —   —   31   21  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total provision   326   177   18   42   89  
   
 
 
 
 
 

            The long-term balance at December 31 reflects amounts payable after more than one year. Amounts payable within one year are recorded as current liabilities.

            The provision for pensions at December 31, 2003 and 2002 primarily relates to obligations regarding uninsured defined benefit plans. Except for defined contribution plans and government schemes, a number of defined benefit plans are in place most notably in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. For these countries, the defined benefit plans are insured in separate trusts (pension funds). Premiums and other contributions paid to these funds are included in labor costs. In case these (non-consolidated) funds require additional contributions due to local statutory minimum funding requirements, a provision is recorded.

            Deferred taxes are detailed in Note 23.

            Provisions for integration and restructuring mainly relate to the cost saving restructuring measures in the Office Products operations in North America and Europe. During 2003, EUR 50 million was spent. The additions amounted to EUR 10 million and resulted from new restructuring for the Office Products Division Europe and the Graphic Systems Division and a reassessment of lease obligations for vacant properties for the Office Products North America Division offset by reduced redundancy costs and continuing usage of properties.

            Other provisions include primarily warranties regarding product liability, indemnifications and warranties with respect to divested businesses and various other contractual risks.

F-51


23.       Deferred taxes

            The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:

 
   December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
  
Loss carry-forwards   1,078   1,427  

Deferred tax assets
 
 
 
 
 
Tax loss carryforwards   420   565  
Temporary differences   57   —  
   
 
 
Nominal deferred tax asset   477   565  
Valuation allowances   (111 ) (220 )
   
 
 
Deferred tax asset (under Financial Fixed Assets)   366   345  
   
 
 

Deferred tax liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed assets   (115 ) (114 )
Other   (62 ) (107 )
   
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities (under Provisions)   (177 ) (221 )
   
 
 

            Buhrmann has operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2003 of approximately EUR 1,078 million (2002: EUR 1,427 million). Expiration is approximately as follows:

 
   (in millions of euro)
2004 to 2017   —
2018 to 2021   236
Beyond 2021 and unlimited   842
   
    1,078
   

24.       Long-term liabilities

 
   December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
 
   Total
   >5 years
   Total
   >5 years
Subordinated loans:                
Convertible Bond   115   115   —   —
High Yield Bond   277   277   334   334
    392   392   334   334
   
 
 
 
Other loans:                
Term Loans A   112   27   528   —
Term Loans B   347   333   509   —
Revolver   —   —   44   —
Securitized Notes   79   —   260   —
Other   19   3   3   3
   
 
 
 
    557   363   1,344   3
   
 
 
 
Total Subordinated and other loans   949   755   1,678   337
   
 
 
 

F-52

Convertible Bond

            A 7-year Subordinated Convertible Bond Loan with listing at the Amsterdam Stock Exchange was issued in 2003 for the amount of EUR 115 million, with a coupon of 2% payable annually on June 18. The bonds are convertible in Buhrmann Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of EUR 8.40 per share. This loan must be redeemed on or before December 18, 2010. Buhrmann has the option to redeem the loan after July 9, 2008 if the official closing price of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares has been in excess of 150% of the conversion price for 20 trading days in a period of 30 trading days. The Convertible Bonds were issued at par. The market value of the Convertible Bond at December 31, 2003 amounted to EUR 121 million.

High Yield Bond

            A 10-year SEC registered, subordinated bond loan was issued in 1999 for the amount of USD 350 million, with a coupon of 12.25%, payable semi-annually. This loan must be redeemed on November 1, 2009. After November 1, 2004 the whole loan, or part of it, can be redeemed at contractual rates above par. The market value of the High Yield Bond at December 31, 2003 amounted to USD 392 million (EUR 310 million) and at December 31, 2002 to USD 327 million (EUR 312 million).

Senior Credit Facility (Term loan A, Term Loans B and Revolver)

            In the course of 2003, the Senior Credit Facility which was entered into in 1999, was replaced with a new Senior Credit Facility which was funded on December 31, 2003. The new Senior Credit Facility consists of a Term Loan A of EUR 120 million and Term Loans B with tranches of EUR 50 million and USD 380 million plus a working capital facility of EUR 255 million (Revolver). The security provided for the new Senior Credit Facility is a pledge on assets of Buhrmann N.V., all its material existing and future operating companies in the United States and the Netherlands. Borrowings under the new Senior Credit Facility bear interest at floating rates related to LIBOR for the relevant currency for varying fixed interest periods. The interest rate margins vary with the leverage ratio (pricing grid). The initial margin for both the Revolver and the Term Loan A is 2.50% and for the Term Loans B 2.75%. The Revolver carries a fee of 0.75% for the undrawn balance. The documentation of the new Senior Credit Facility allows for an increase in the Revolver as well as increases in term loans subject to meeting certain conditions such as a maximum leverage ratio. This gives the Company the opportunity to raise funds for refinancing other components of the capital structure such as the High Yield Bond.

            The interest rates in effect at December 31, 2003 and 2002 were as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
  
Term loan A EUR   4.750 % 6.486 %
Term loan B EUR   5.000 % 7.235 %

Term loan A USD
 
—
 
4.909
%
Term loan B USD   3.908 % 5.659 %

Revolver EUR
 
—
 
6.310
%

F-53

            The market value of the new Senior Credit Facility is primarily determined by credit status. Interest rate developments have a limited influence since these loans have a floating interest. Although these loans are not traded publicly, indication of market values can be obtained through the agent. The market value at December 31, 2003 approximated the book value.

            The new Senior Credit Facility is subject to a variety of conditions as is customary for these types of facilities and the financial position of Buhrmann. For example, specific minimum or maximum financial ratios ("covenants") must be met such as:

Interest coverage ratio:   EBITDA/Interest expense
Fixed charge ratio:   EBITDA + rent + lease expenses/Fixed charges
Leverage ratio:   Indebtedness/EBITDA

            The definitions of certain accounting numbers for covenant calculation purposes (for example: operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization and impairment of goodwill (EBITDA) as well as exceptional items and indebtedness) may differ from figures as published in these Consolidated Financial Statements due to specific contractual arrangements. Also, income statement items used in covenants are calculated on a rolling twelve monthly basis. More detailed information on the covenant levels is available on the website of Buhrmann. The actual covenant ratios at December 31, 2003 comply with the threshold ratios as per loan covenants.

Securitized Notes

            The Company has an Accounts Receivable Securitization Program under which funds are raised by pledging accounts receivable from subsidiaries in the Netherlands and the USA as security for short-term and medium-term borrowings. The accounts receivable are sold to Buhrmann Silver SA and Buhrmann Silver US LLC, which in turn pledge the accounts receivable to third-party dedicated entities as security for short-term borrowings in the form of Short Term Notes and Medium Term Notes. At December 31, 2003, accounts receivables of EUR 248 million were pledged under this program. The program delivers funding at attractive rates and at the same time diversifies sources of capital and increases financial flexibility. Both receivables and borrowings related to this program are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

            The Short Term Notes are issued in USD, reflecting the currency of the pledged receivables. The amount of Short Term Notes outstanding against the receivables pledged, fluctuates as a result of liquidity requirements, advance rates calculated and invoices outstanding. The maximum amount of Short Term Notes outstanding during 2003 was EUR 69 million. To ensure availability of re-financing for the Notes, a back-up liquidity facility has been arranged. At December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 no Short Term Notes were issued.

            In July 2002, Medium Term Notes in USD and GBP were issued. As a consequence of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, the collateral for the Notes denominated in GBP in the form of receivables denominated in GBP generated by Paper Merchanting companies in the UK, no longer existed. The Notes outstanding in GBP, amounting to GBP 107 million were therefore redeemed on November 25, 2003. At December 31, 2003, USD 100 million of Medium Term Notes were outstanding. The average interest margin including issuers cost, is approximately 0.50% over LIBOR (1.62% at December 31, 2003).

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            The market value of the Medium Term Notes approximates their bookvalue as the Notes bear variable interest and ue to their relatively short maturities.

Breakdown of long-term debt by currency

 
   December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
As issued:        
EUR   280   435
USD   666   1,076
Other   3   167
   
 
    949   1,678
   
 
After hedging with forward exchange and currency swaps:        
EUR   225   479
USD   693   1,082
Other currencies   31   117
   
 
    949   1,678
   
 

            Buhrmann aims to incur gross debt by currency after hedges approximately in proportion to the forecasted split of operating result before depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software and before amortization and impairment of goodwill and before exceptional results over the major currencies. Forward foreign exchange and currency swaps are used to adjust the currency profile of the loans issued towards the desired position in order to achieve the hedging as per policy.

Buhrmann's forward foreign exchange and currency swap contracts at December 31, 2003

Contract
   Maturity
   Weighted average
contractual exchange rate
   Notional
amount
   Market value
  
Buy GBP/sell EUR   <1 year   0.71   12   0.0  
Buy EUR/sell SEK   <1 year   9.12   38   (0.2 )
Buy EUR/sell USD   <1 year   1.25   27   0.3  
Buy EUR/sell GBP   <1 year   1.42   2   0.0  
           
 
 
            79   0.1  
           
 
 

            The total market value at December 31, 2002 of the forward foreign exchange and currency swap contracts was EUR 1 million positive.

F-55


Breakdown of long-term debt by interest profile

 
   December 31, 2003
 
   Fixed
   %
   Floating
   %
Subordinated Loans   392   41   —   —
Private loans and bank overdrafts   3   0   554   58
   
     
   
    395   42   554   58
Interest swaps >1 year   238       (238 )  
   
     
   
Total   632   67   317   33
   
     
   

            Buhrmann aims to incur a certain minimum level of fixed rate debt in relation to the interest cover. Interest rate swaps are used to adjust the interest profile of the loans towards the desired position in order to achieve the hedging as per policy. On December 31, 2003, the fixed percentage of 67% is below the target of 75%.

Buhrmann's Interest Rate Swap (IRS) contracts at December 31, 2003

            IRS in EUR; Buhrmann pays fixed and receives 3 month LIBOR:

Maturity
   Notional
amount
   Average interest
rate in %
   Fair value
  
<1 year   150   4.80   (3.7 )
   
     
 
Subtotal A   150       (3.7 )
   
     
 

            IRS in USD; Buhrmann pays fixed and receives 3 month LIBOR:

Maturity
   Notional
amount
   Average interest
rate in %
   Fair value
  
<1 year   139   1.88   (0.5 )
<2 years   139   2.33   (0.3 )
<3 years   40   2.74   0.0  
<5 years   59   5.64   (5.3 )
   
     
 
Subtotal B   376       (6.0 )
   
     
 
Total A+B   526       (9.7 )
   
     
 

            The total market value at December 31, 2002 of the interest rate swap contracts was EUR 77 million negative.

            The estimated market value of the outstanding currency and interest swap contracts indicates how much would be paid or received in exchange for termination of the contracts without further commitments as per the balance sheet date, and is included in the tables above.

F-56


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Effective interest rate

            The average blended effective interest rate, including margin, was 9.1% in 2003 and 8.6% in 2002.

Repayment schedule for long-term debt

 
   Year
   Term
Loans A
   Term
Loans B
   Other
   Total
Redemption
Short-term   2004   8   4   21   32
       
 
 
 
Long-term   2005   16   4   15   35
    2006   16   4   —   20
    2007   26   4   79   109
    2008   26   4   —   30
    2009   27   4   280   310
    2010   —   330   115   445
       
 
 
 
        112   347   489   949
       
 
 
 
Total       120   351   510   981
       
 
 
 

            The installments in 2004 of EUR 12 million for both Term Loans A and B fall due in March, June, Septembe and December. Other includes the High Yield Bond, Revolver and Medium-term Securitized Notes. There were no Short-term Securitized Notes outstanding at December 31, 2003. The average remaining term of Long-term debt is approximately 6 years.

25.       Other liabilities

 
   December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
Taxes and social security contributions   59   104
Employee benefits other than pensions   77   90
Advance payments on orders   10   9
Short-term provisions   21   5
Other accrued liabilities   76   110
   
 
    243   318
Short-term provisions acquisition and restructuring related (see Note 22)   31   66
Financial payables and accruals   8   30
Dividend Preference Shares A   11   11
   
 
Total   293   425
   
 

            Financial payables and accruals mainly includes interest.

26.       Share Option Plan

            On December 31, 2003, 5,048,698 unexercised personnel options on shares in Buhrmann remained, at an average price of EUR 14.18. The latest exercise date of these options is in 2010.

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            The option plan is designed as an incentive, limited to managers working within the Group. In 2003, some 450 were managers eligible. The maximum percentage of option rights that may be granted under the previous Option Plan in any year is 1.25% of the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares. This reflects the requirements of the business given our geographic spread (in particular the United States of America) and specific human resource management needs for critical business activities.

            For individual managers, the number of options granted is related to his or her contribution to Group results. In addition, the number of options that can be granted under the plan to any individual manager is capped at the maximum nominal value (based on the number of shares to which the option right relates, multiplied by the option exercise price) which cannot exceed an amount equal to twice the base salary of the relevant individual. The options granted up to and including 2002 have a term of five years and can be exercised only after three years. From 2003, the options have a term of seven years.

            The exercise price for option rights is the closing price of Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares on the first trading day on which day Buhrmann's Ordinary Shares are quoted ex-dividend. Those entitled to options are bound by internal regulations designed to prevent insider trading. Options granted are in principle hedged by purchasing the shares required on or close to the grant date. Options may not be hedged if the financial position gives rise to a decision not to purchase the shares required. Considerations for evaluating the financial position are the growth prospects and its required financing, as well as the capital structure of the Group. On the basis thereof it was decided not to purchase shares for this purpose in 2003 and 2002. At December 31, 2003, 526,155 acquired own shares were held in deposit ("Treasury stock") for this purpose, or 10% of the unexercised personnel options.

            The fair value of the option rights was estimated on the basis of the Black & Scholes option price determination model, based on the following assumptions:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Expected dividend yield   2.3 % 2.3 % 2.3 %
Expected share price volatility   65 % 65 % 55 %
Risk-free interest rate   4.5 % 4.5 % 4.5 %
Expected term   4 years   4 years   4 years  

            The pro-forma remuneration cost of the option rights assigned to management is EUR 5 million for 2003 (EUR 6 million for 2002 and EUR 6 million for 2001). The annual remuneration cost is calculated by taking the fair value of the options granted over the last three years spread evenly over the blocked exercise period (vesting) of three years. The fair value of the option rights is estimated by using expected dividend yield and share price volatility based on historic track records at the date of granting the options. These values do not constitute the market value. The assumptions were used exclusively for this calculation and do not necessarily provide an indication of expectations of management regarding developments in the future.

F-58


            Specified statement of all options outstanding (including option rights held by the Members of the Executive Board):

 
   Number of outstanding
option rights
   Average
exercise price
   Term
   Theoretical
value**
Granted in 1999 (690,000):                   EUR 2.8 million
Balance at the end of 2002   459,500                
Lapsed in 2003   (43,000 )              
   
               
Outstanding at the end of 2003       416,500   *EUR 15.61   2004    

Granted in 2000 (1,141,021):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR 11.9 million
Balance at the end of 2002   901,721                
Lapsed in 2003   (82,583 )              
   
               
Outstanding at the end of 2003       819,138   *EUR 27.43   2005    

Granted in 2001 (1,263,200):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR 10.0 million
Balance at the end of 2002   1,068,174                
Lapsed in 2003   (99,646 )              
   
               
Outstanding at the end of 2003       968,528   *EUR 20.07   2006    

Granted in 2002 (1,563,928):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR 9.9 million
Balance at the end of 2002   1,506,716                
Lapsed in 2003   (131,251 )              
   
               
Outstanding at the end of 2003       1,375,465   *EUR 13.76   2007    

Granted in 2003 (1,575,000):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EUR 2.1 million
Granted in May 2003   1,575,000                
Lapsed in 2003   (107,933 )              
   
               
Outstanding at the end of 2003       1,467,067   *EUR 2.87   2010    
       
 
       
Total outstanding at the end of 2003       5,046,698   EUR 14.18        
       
 
       
*
Under Dutch fiscal rules, management receiving options can elect to accept a 25% higher exercise price. The base exercise price was set at EUR 2.85 in 2003, EUR 13.69 in 2002, EUR 19.61 in 2001, EUR 26.35 in 2000 and EUR 15.40 in 1999, equaling stock price at close of business on the Amsterdam Stock Exchanges on May 2, 2003, May 6, 2002, April 20, 2001, April 17, 2000 and April 7, 1999 respectively. The EUR 2.87 in 2003, EUR 13.76 in 2002, EUR 20.07 in 2001, EUR 27.43 in 2000 and EUR 15.61 in 1999, are the weighted average exercise prices as actually achieved following acceptance of the grant by management involved.

**
The theoretical value is calculated using the Black & Scholes option price determination model as explained above; it does not reflect the market value.

            The Company granted interest-bearing loans to the Dutch optionees up to and including 2002 to finance their upfront tax obligations resulting from the options granted and which are due at the date of grant. The loans of Members of the Executive Board extended within this context are listed in Note 13. As of 2003, these loans have not been and will no longer be granted.

F-59


27.       Interest-bearing debt

 
   December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
  
Long-term liabilities:          
—Subordinated Convertible Bond   115   —  
—Subordinated High Yield Bond   277   334  
—Other loans   557   1,344  

Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
—Loans   28   68  
—Credit institutions   5   26  
Cash and deposits   (145 ) (37 )
   
 
 
    836   1,735  
   
 
 

            Movements schedule interest-bearing debt:

 
   2003
   2002
  
Interest-bearing debt at the beginning of the financial year       1,735       2,004  
Decrease due to cash flow from operational activities       (272 )     (258 )
Decrease due to cash flow from investment activities       (544 )     138  
Other:                  
Dividend payments   9       25      
Payments for interest rate swap settlements   40       —      
Paid financing fees   25       16      
Payments to minority shareholders   7       5      
   
     
     
        81       46  
Translation differences       (164 )     (195 )
       
     
 
Interest-bearing debt at the end f the financial year       836       1,735  
       
     
 

28.       Guarantee Capital

 
   December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
Group equity   1,484   1,811
Subordinated Loans   392   334
   
 
Total   1,876   2,145
   
 

F-60

29.       Commitments not included in the Balance Sheet

 
   December 31, 2003
   December 31, 2002
Rental and operational lease commitments                
These are due as follows:                
Within 1 year   85       107    
After 1 year but within 5 years   216       282    
After 5 years   135       257    
   
     
   
        436       646
Repurchase guarantees                
These lapse as follows:                
Within 1 year   20       21    
After 1 year but within 5 years   40       51    
After 5 years   4       1    
   
     
   
        64       73
Other                
These lapse as follows:                
Within 1 year   22       33    
After 1 year but within 5 years   2       3    
   
     
   
        24       36
       
     
Total commitments       524       755
       
     

            Rent and operational lease commitments of EUR 436 million in total at December 31, 2003 are primarily related to distribution facilities and offices that the Company leases under non-cancelable operating leases. The amounts are the nominal value of future lease payments netted for sub-leases.

            Repurchase guarantees of EUR 64 million in total at December 31, 2003 mainly relate to repurchase guarantees concerning graphic machines sold to customers and financed by external financing companies. Should the customer be declared in default, the respective financing company has a right of recourse against Buhrmann, which, in general, will be lower than market value. The amount included in the table is the maximum exposure under these guarantees.

            Other commitments not included in the balance sheet include investment commitments relating to expenditure on projects, such as the development of IT systems and sundry relatively small commitments such as related to our Mexican partnership and real estate.

            In addition, the Company had certain contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees which are not included in the table above and which are discussed below.

            Buhrmann's operating companies in Europe offer a variety of defined benefit plans, in addition to Government schemes, as part of the remuneration package. In countries like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, the defined benefit plans are separated from Buhrmann in pension funds to which Buhrmann makes contributions. For its employees in the United States, Buhrmann sponsors several defined contribution plans and a defined benefit plan with a relatively small number of participants.

            Buhrmann has entered into a number of forward foreign exchange and currency swap contracts and interest rate swap contracts which had an estimated negative market value of EUR 10 million at

F-61


December 31, 2003. The estimated market value of the outstanding forward foreign exchange and currency swap contracts and interest rate swap contracts indicates how much Buhrmann would have to pay as per the balance sheet date in exchange for termination of these contracts without further commitments.

            Buhrmann has issued certain performance guarantees, usually in the form of standby letters of credit, to an estimated maximum amount of EUR 10 million at December 31, 2003. The major part of these guarantees expire latest on December 31, 2004.

30.       Legal proceedings

            Buhrmann is involved in various routine legal and regulatory proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business, except as set forth below. Buhrmann does not believe that any of these legal or regulatory proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Paper Merchanting Germany

            In June 2002, the German competition authorities (Bundeskartellamt or "BKA") launched an investigation against a number of German paper merchants, among which is Buhrmann's former subsidiary Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbhH, alleging a violation of anti-trust rules in Germany. The potential maximum fine for the alleged violation is EUR 500,000 plus three times the surplus profit resulting from the violation of the anti-trust rules. The fine has not yet been imposed by the BKA and the investigation by the BKA is still ongoing. A third-party investigation into the alleged surplus profit substantiated Buhrmann's position that there has been no or at the most a minor surplus profit in the challenged period. As the BKA has recently extended its investigation to more regions in Germany, it is at this stage not possible to estimate the potential exposure. Buhrmann has given an indemnity to PaperlinX Limited, the buyer of the Paper Merchanting Division, of which Deutsche Papier is a part, with respect to this case.

31.       Segment Information

            As of December 31, 2003, the Buhrmann Group consist of four divisions. The Office Products North America Division, Office Products Europe Division and Office Products Australia Division supply office products and office furniture to large and medium-sized companies. The Office Products Europe Division and Office Products Australia Division are combined for reporting purposes. The Graphic Systems Division supplies pre-press systems, printing presses, folding, cutting and binding machines in six European countries and also provides service and maintenance for its customers. The Paper Merchanting Division sold paper to printers, publishers and the office market until it was sold with effect from October 31, 2003.

            Corporate items are not allocated to the Divisions and include costs incurred by the Corporate Head Office as well as costs and assets relating to geographical holding companies.

F-62


Operating segments 2003

 
   Office
Products
North
America
   Office
Products
Europe/
Australia
   Graphic
Systems
   Corporate
items
   Sub
total
   Paper
Merchanting
   Total
Group
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   3,939   1,479   369   —   5,787   2,266   8,053  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software   (63 ) (20 ) (4 ) —   (87 ) (17 ) (104 )
Operating result before amortization and impairment of goodwill   152   38   (13 ) 42   219   57   276  
Amortization and impairment of goodwill   (37 ) (61 ) —   (5 ) (103 ) (2 ) (105 )
Operating result   115   (23 ) (13 ) 37   116   55   171  
Exceptional results   (7 ) (7 ) (1 ) 58   43   8   51  
Goodwill   1,017   197   3   183   1,400   —   1,400  
Total assets   2,494   619   219   345   3,677   —   3,677  
Total liabilities   597   266   113   1,217   2,193   —   2,193  
Capital employed before goodwill   553   162   108   (16 ) 807   —   807  
Capital expenditure   40   22   6   —   68   11   79  

Operating segments 2002

 
   Office
Products
North
America
   Office
Products
Europe/
Australia
   Graphic
Systems
   Corporate
items
   Sub
total
   Paper
Merchanting
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   4,931   1,540   489   —   6,960   2,988   9,948  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software   (69 ) (20 ) (4 ) —   (93 ) (21 ) (114 )
Operating result before amortization and impairment of goodwill   197   64   23   (16 ) 268   74   342  
Amortization and impairment of goodwill   (470 ) (139 ) —   (4 ) (613 ) (30 ) (643 )
Operating result   (273 ) (75 ) 23   (20 ) (345 ) 44   (301 )
Goodwill   1,262   249   3   172   1,686   102   1,788  
Total assets   3,088   695   240   231   4,254   1,155   5,409  
Total liabilities   775   288   130   1,963   3,156   442   3,598  
Capital employed before goodwill   731   193   116   1   1,041   654   1,695  
Capital expenditure   62   21   5   —   88   19   107  

F-63


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Operating segments 2001

 
   Office
Products
North
America
   Office
Products
Europe/
Australia
   Graphic
Systems
   Corporate
items
   Sub
total
   Paper
Merchanting
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

    
  
Net sales   5,221   1,496   565       7,282   3,126   —   10,408  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software   (71 ) (17 ) (4 ) 2   (90 ) (19 ) —   (109 )
Operating result before amortization and impairment of goodwill   242   53   38   (18 ) 315   93   —   408  
Amortization of goodwill   (48 ) (13 ) —   (3 ) (64 ) (3 ) —   (67 )
Operating result   194   40   38   (21 ) 251   90   —   341  
Goodwill   1,819   576   3   156   2,554   130   —   2,684  
Total assets   4,203   1,066   242   357   5,868   1,261   (12 ) 7,117  
Total liabilities   1,131   338   159   2,313   3,941   505   —   4,446  
Capital employed before goodwill   731   193   116   19   1,059   636   —   1,695  
Capital expenditure   87   14   5       106   21   —   127  

F-64

32.       Enterprise wide disclosures

 
   United
States
   United
Kingdom
   The
Netherlands
(incl. Corporate)
   Germany
   Rest of
European
Union
members
   Australia/
New Zealand
   Rest of
the world
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

    
  
Sales by country of destination                                  
Year ended December 31, 2003   3,667   884   772   701   1,188   496   345   8,053  
Year ended December 31, 2002   4,665   1,251   961   817   1,458   419   377   9,948  
Year ended December 31, 2001   4,952   1,294   995   898   1,354   353   562   10,408  

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and internally used software
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   (61 ) (7 ) (11 ) (8 ) (10 ) (4 ) (3 ) (104 )
Year ended December 31, 2002   (67 ) (7 ) (12 ) (8 ) (11 ) (3 ) (6 ) (114 )
Year ended December 31, 2001   (69 ) (10 ) (6 ) (7 ) (11 ) (3 ) (3 ) (109 )

Operating result
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   96   22   —   (10 ) 12   31   20   171  
Year ended December 31, 2002   (296 ) 28   33   (15 ) (101 ) 33   17   (301 )
Year ended December 31, 2001   174   24   26   7   61   28   21   341  

Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   38   5   13   2   11   7   3   79  
Year ended December 31, 2002   63   5   17   2   9   8   3   107  
Year ended December 31, 2001   82   5   12   8   9   4   7   127  

Long lived assets*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   1,227   12   27   10   180   257   38   1,751  
Year ended December 31, 2002   1,538   124   100   37   300   233   48   2,380  

Capital employed before goodwill
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   508   9   31   43   137   42   37   807  
Year ended December 31, 2002   701   225   211   115   314   39   90   1,695  

Total assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   2,421   39   153   80   528   375   81   3,677  
Year ended December 31, 2002   2,955   476   347   201   946   330   154   5,409  

Total liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2003   1,444   42   314   46   238   87   22   2,193  
Year ended December 31, 2002   2,346   165   158   102   661   71   95   3,598  
*
Long-lived assets include tangible and intangible fixed assets.

33.       Subsequent Events

            As discussed in Note 30, the German competition authorities (the Bundeskartellamt or "BKA") launched an investigation against Buhrmann's former subsidiary Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH, alleging a violation of anti-trust rules in Germany in a number of regions. On April 30, 2004, the BKA imposed a final fine on Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH in the amount of EUR 7,602,880 and on eleven other paper merchants in Germany. The fine relates to the period between 1995 and 2000 and covers the whole of Germany with the exception of the South. Buhrmann and Deutsche Papier Vertriebs GmbH do not agree with the fine and the calculation thereof and will lodge an appeal.

F-65


            On June 3, 2004 Buhrmann announced a tender offer with respect to all of its USD 350 million 121/4% Notes. The tender offer, subject to withdrawal, comprises a total consideration which will be determined, in accordance with customary market practice, by reference to a fixed spread of 50 basis points over the yield to maturity of the 77/8% US Treasury Note due November 15, 2004. The total consideration includes a consent payment equal to USD 10 per USD 1,000 principal amount of the 121/4% Notes purchased. Buhrmann expects to obtain the funds necessary to consummate the Offer through the offer and sale of debt securities, borrowings under its Senior Credit Facility and with cash on hand.

34.       Summary of differences between generally accepted accounting principles in the Netherlands and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and related disclosures

            Buhrmann's Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the Netherlands (Dutch GAAP), which vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP). The tables below give the effect that application of US GAAP would have on net result and group equity.

 
  
   2003
as restated*
   2002
   2001
  
 
  
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net result under Dutch GAAP   (132 ) (588 ) 55  
(a) Goodwill amortization   52   70   (6 )
(a) Goodwill impairment   4   (439 ) —  
(b) Intangible fixed assets amortization   (6 ) (6 ) (8 )
(c) Restructuring and integration provisions   (26 ) 7   (66 )
(d) Capitalized software provision   —   (1 ) (2 )
(e) Derivatives   7   (7 ) 10  
(f) Pensions   8   27   26  
(g) Financing fees   (12 ) 3   —  
(h) Revenue recognition   12   1   (2 )
(i) Catalogue contributions   5   —   —  
(j) Sale Paper Merchanting Division   (132 ) —   —  
(k) Other   —   (1 ) (2 )
(l) Deferred taxes   (88 ) (7 ) 30  
     
 
 
 
Net result under US GAAP before cumulative effect of change in accounting    principles   (308 ) (941 ) 35  

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(i) Catalogue contributions (net of EUR 19 million tax gain)   (29 ) —   —  
     
 
 
 
Net result under US GAAP   (337 ) (941 ) 35  
     
 
 
 
*
The US GAAP information for 2003 included in the Company's annual report to shareholders presented the adoption of EITF 02-16, "Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor," as a direct reduction of equity. This US GAAP information has been restated to record the effect of adopting this new guidance in the income statement. As a result, the loss increased by EUR 29 million (net of EUR 19 million tax benefit) from EUR 308 million to EUR 337 million. This change had no impact on Group equity under US GAAP.

F-66


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
  
   December 31,
  
 
  
   2003
   2002
  
 
  
   (in millions
of euro)

  
Group equity under Dutch GAAP   1,484   1,811  
(a) Goodwill at cost, net of accumulated amortization   (175 ) (172 )
(b) Intangible fixed assets   75   86  
(c) Restructuring and integration provisions   1   30  
(e) Derivatives—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income   (8 ) (67 )
(e) Derivatives   (2 ) (10 )
(f) Pensions   187   181  
(g) Pensions—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income   (9 ) (51 )
(h) Financing fees   (9 ) 3  
(i) Revenue recognition   (29 ) (41 )
(j) Catalogue contributions   (36 ) —  
(k) Other   (3 ) (3 )
(l) Deferred taxes   28   143  
     
 
 
Group equity under US GAAP   1,504   1,910  
     
 
 

            The differences between Dutch GAAP and US GAAP as indicated in the tables are explained below, including related disclosures required under US GAAP.

(a)       Goodwill

            This item consists of the following:

F-67

            The net effect of the items mentioned above was a higher amount of goodwill under US GAAP which was amortized over its estimated useful life of forty years until December 31, 2001. The book value of this goodwill was EUR 168 million at December 31, 2001. Some of this goodwill is denominated in US dollars. Amortization expense on this goodwill was EUR 6 million in 2001. As of January 1, 2002, goodwill is no longer amortized under US GAAP. Amortization of goodwill recorded under Dutch GAAP of EUR 52 million in 2003 and EUR 70 million in 2002 has been reversed under US GAAP.

            Under US GAAP, the company reviews goodwill for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142 "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets", which requires a two-step process to analyze whether or not goodwill has been impaired.

            Step one is to test for potential impairment, and requires that the fair value of the reporting unit be compared to its book value including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is calculated based on discounted future cash flows and residual values as under Dutch GAAP. If the fair value is higher than the book value, no impairment is recognized. If the fair value is lower than the book value, a second step is performed. The second step is to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any, and requires that assets and liabilities, including unrecognized intangible assets such as brand names and customer and supplier relationships, be assigned fair values in a hypothetical purchase price allocation to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. This fair value is then compared to the carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value is lower than the carrying value, an impairment must be recorded for the difference.

            The adoption of SFAS No. 142 did not result in an initial impairment of goodwill. Buhrmann performed an annual impairment test on goodwill as at December 31, 2002. A reduced level of profitability in 2002 and reduced visibility concerning future performance resulting in a higher cost of capital, caused a decline in the calculated fair value of our businesses which resulted in an impairment of goodwill of EUR 573 million under Dutch GAAP at December 31, 2002. Under US GAAP the impairment was EUR 439 million higher compared to Dutch GAAP. This is predominantly a result of the higher amount of goodwill previously capitalized under US GAAP, as explained above, for EUR 248 million and the valuation of unrecognized intangible assets (brandnames and customer and supplier contracts) for EUR 124 million. The amount of goodwill impairment under US GAAP for the Office Products North America Division was EUR 648 million, for the Office Products Europe Division EUR 266 million and for the Paper Merchanting Division EUR 98 million.

            In 2002, translation adjustments of EUR 44 million on these goodwill items and additions of EUR 15 million were recorded under Dutch GAAP as goodwill were either classified as intangible fixed assets or did not qualify under US GAAP.

            The net effect of the items mentioned above was a lower book value of goodwill under US GAAP of EUR 172 million at December 31, 2002.

F-68


            In connection with the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division in 2003, an amount of EUR 104 million of capitalized goodwill was written-off under US GAAP. This write-off is included as part of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division in the reconciliation of net result. Under Dutch GAAP, this goodwill was directly written-off from Group equity before 1 January 1997.

            The annual impairment test on goodwill at December 31, 2003 resulted in an impairment of EUR 53 million under Dutch GAAP and EUR 49 million under US GAAP. The lower impairment under US GAAP is mainly due to a lower carrying value of goodwill under US GAAP of the related businesses.

            In 2003, translation adjustments of EUR 48 million on these goodwill items were recorded and additions of EUR 3 million recorded under Dutch GAAP as goodwill were either classified as intangible fixed assets or did not qualify under US GAAP.

            The net effect at December 31, 2003 of the items mentioned above was a lower amount of goodwill under US GAAP of EUR 175 million.

            The movements in goodwill under US GAAP are as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Book value at beginning of year   1,616   2,852   2,388  

Investments
 
4
 
22
 
446
 
Divestments   (201 ) —   —  
Amortization   —   —   (73 )
Impairment   (49 ) (1,012 ) —  
Release provisions (net of tax)   (6 ) —   —  
Translation differences   (139 ) (246 ) 91  
   
 
 
 
Book value at end of year   1,225   1,616   2,852  
   
 
 
 
Accumulated cost   2,226   2,872   3,096  
Accumulated amortization   (177 ) (244 ) (244 )
Accumulated impairment   (824 ) (1,012 ) —  
   
 
 
 
Book value at end of year   1,225   1,616   2,852  
   
 
 
 

(b)       Intangible fixed assets

            With the acquisition of Corporate Express in October 1999, certain intangible assets were valued and recognized separately from goodwill under US GAAP. These include the workforce (USD 10 million), the Corporate Express brandname (USD 75 million) and internally used software (USD 20 million). These intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 4, 40 and 7 years respectively.

            Under SFAS No. 142, the workforce no longer meets the criteria for separate recognition and the book value thereof was reclassified to goodwill at January 1, 2002.

F-69


            The book value of the Corporate Express brandname at December 31, 2003 was USD 68 million and at December 31, 2002 was USD 70 million. The accumulated amortization at December 31, 2003 was USD 7 million and at December 31, 2002 USD 5 million, respectively. The amortization expense was USD 2 million in each of 2003, 2002 and 2001 and will be USD 2 million in each of the next 5 years.

            The book value of the internally used software at December 31, 2003 was USD 8 million and at December 31, 2002 was USD 11 million The accumulated amortization at December 31, 2003 was USD 12 million and at December 31, 2002 was USD 9 million. The amortization expense was USD 3 million in each of 2003, 2002 and 2001 and will be USD 3 million in 2004 and 2005 and USD 2 million in 2006.

            Also included under "Intangible fixed assets", are amounts allocated to customer relationships of companies acquired in 2002 and 2003 which are classified as goodwill under Dutch GAAP. Under US GAAP these amounts are classified as intangible fixed assets and amortized over a period of ten years. The book value under US GAAP was EUR 10 million at December 31, 2002 and EUR 15 million at December 31, 2003. The accumulated amortization at December 31, 2003 was EUR 2 million. The amortization expense under US GAAP was EUR 1 million in 2003 and 2002 and will be EUR 2 million in each of the next 5 years.

(c)       Restructuring and integration provisions

            Until 2000, under Dutch GAAP when a decision was made to restructure part of the Company's business, provisions were recorded for redundancies as well as other closing, integration and moving costs. Under US GAAP only costs that qualified as exit costs and therefore did not relate to the ongoing operations of the Company could be provided for. In addition, a number of specific criteria had to be met before these costs could qualify as exit costs and could be recognized as an expense. Among these was the requirement that all the significant actions to be taken as part of the reorganization had to be identified along with their expected completion dates and the exit program had to be approved and communicated by the balance sheet date. Costs that did not qualify as exit costs were expensed when the obligation existed to pay cash or otherwise sacrifice assets. As of January 1, 2001 Dutch GAAP was substantially similar to US GAAP except that Dutch GAAP required the restructuring plan to be communicated by the publication date of the Financial Statements. As of January 1, 2003 under US GAAP a provision for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity can only be recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred and should be measured at fair value.

            Following the acquisition in October 1999 of Corporate Express and subsequent integration, the Company's office product activities in the US and Europe underwent a restructuring. As explained in item (a) Goodwill above, at the time of acquisition, some restructuring and integration provisions were recorded and included in goodwill under Dutch GAAP, that did not qualify for US GAAP. As a consequence, some restructuring and integration payments in the years after the acquisition were expensed under US GAAP whereas under Dutch GAAP these payments were deducted from the provisions. In 2003, no amounts were expensed under US GAAP whereas in 2002 EUR 9 million was expensed and in 2001 EUR 71 million was expensed. In 2003, the unused portion of EUR 9 million of these provisions was reversed against goodwill as it became clear that no more payments were going to be made.

F-70


            This item also includes redundancy payments to former USOP employees of EUR 2 million in 2002 and EUR 5 million in 2001 which were expensed under US GAAP and for which under Dutch GAAP provisions were recorded at the time of acquisition in 2001 as part of goodwill.

            In addition, in 2001 and 2002, the Company introduced additional restructuring plans for its office products operations in North America and Europe as well as its former papermerchanting operations in Europe. Under Dutch GAAP an accrual of EUR 45 million was recorded in 2001 in connection with these restructuring plans (for the continuing and discontinued operations) of which EUR 10 million did not qualify for US GAAP for recognition in 2001 and was expensed under US GAAP in 2002. In 2002, Buhrmann accrued EUR 60 million under Dutch GAAP for additional restructuring plans and EUR 51 million for non-cash write-offs on IT, distribution infrastructure and some other assets. Under US GAAP, EUR 28 million of this accrual, mainly related to the restructuring plans, did not qualify for recognition in 2002 and as a consequence was expensed in 2003.

            Furthermore, adjustments of EUR 2 million to the 2002 restructuring plans which were recorded under Dutch GAAP in 2003 were under US GAAP already recorded in 2002. In addition, at the end of 2003, a reassessment was made of the accruals for the 2002 restructuring plans which resulted in an additional accrual of EUR 6 million in the Office Products North America Division, of EUR 3 million in the Office Products Europe Division and of EUR 1 million in the Graphic Systems Division, both under Dutch GAAP and US GAAP.

            Furthermore, adjustments of EUR 2 million to the 2002 restructuring plans which were recorded under Dutch GAAP in 2003 were under US GAAP already recorded in 2002. In addition, at the end of 2003, a reassessment was made of the accruals for the 2002 restructuring plans which resulted in an additional accrual of EUR 6 million in the Office Products North America Division (mainly as a result of a reassessment of lease obligations for vacant properties offset by reduced redundancy costs and continuing usage of properties), of EUR 3 million in the Office Products Europe Division (mainly for an additional reduction in the workforce of 135 employees) and of EUR 1 million in the Graphic Systems Division, both under Dutch GAAP and US GAAP.

            The movements in the restructuring provisions in 2003 for the continuing and discontinued operations under US GAAP were as follows:

 
   Employee
costs
   Write-down
of assets
   Lease termination
and other closing
costs
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Balance at December 31, 2002   23   1   26   50  
Deconsolidation   —   —   (8 ) (8 )
Set-up/finalization   20   —   5   25  
Cash utilization   (27 ) —   (14 ) (41 )
Transfer to assets   —   (1 ) —   (1 )
Currency translation   (1 ) —   (1 ) (2 )
   
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   15   —   8   23  
   
 
 
 
 

F-71

            The movements in the integration provisions in 2003 for the continuing operations under US GAAP were as follows:

 
   Employee
costs
   Write-down
of assets
   Lease termination
and other closing
costs
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Balance at December 31, 2002   9   5   11   25  
Set-up/finalization   (3 ) (2 ) —   (5 )
Cash utilization   (3 ) —   (3 ) (6 )
Transfer to assets   —   (1 ) —   (1 )
Currency translation   —   —   (2 ) (2 )
   
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   3   2   6   11  
   
 
 
 
 

(d)       Capitalized software provision

            The Company's former US subsidiary, BT Office Products Inc. initiated Project Millennium, a project designed to create a common system platform for numerous processes in the Company, including distribution, warehousing, order entry, financing and human resources. In 1998, under Dutch GAAP provisions were recorded for future expenses related to Project Millennium which did not qualify for US GAAP and were thus reversed. In 2002, EUR 1 million of these provisions were utilized and therefore expensed under US GAAP (2001: EUR 2 million after which these provisions are fully utilized.

(e)       Derivatives

            This item relates to interest rate swaps which under US GAAP are valued at market value whereby changes in the market value are predominantly recorded directly in Group equity as most interest rate swaps meet the criteria for hedge accounting. Currency swaps are also valued at market value under US GAAP based on forward rates whereas the valuation under Dutch GAAP is based on spot rates. The valuation under US GAAP of the currency swaps approximates the valuation under Dutch GAAP and therefore no reconciling item was recorded in 2003 or 2002.

            The EUR 7 million gain under US GAAP in 2003 consists of a gain of EUR 3 million due to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate swaps for which hedge accounting was applied, a gain of EUR 1 million on interest rate swaps for which no hedge accounting was applied and also a gain of EUR 3 million for the difference between Dutch GAAP and US GAAP in the cost of settlement of interest rate swaps (see Note 8). Under US GAAP, certain of these interest rate swaps had already been recorded at their fair value in previous years, with changes in the fair value being recorded in net results because hedge accounting was not applied. Under Dutch GAAP, these interest rate swaps were not adjusted for changes in the fair value, as a result of which the loss on settlement was higher under Dutch GAAP than under US GAAP. In 2002, the EUR 7 million loss under US GAAP consists of a loss of EUR 5 million due to hedge ineffectiveness on interest rate swaps for which hedge accounting was applied and a loss of EUR 2 million on interest rate swaps for which no hedge accounting was

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applied. The EUR 10 million gain under US GAAP in 2001 consists of a loss of EUR 3 million on interest rate swaps for which no hedge accounting was applied, a gain of EUR 6 million on currency swaps for which no hedge accounting is applied and a gain of EUR 7 million on the sale of a "zero cost collar" that was taken out to safeguard the value of Buhrmann's 5% interest in Sappi Limited. The interest in Sappi and the "zero cost collar" were sold in 2001. As part of the collar was already sold in 2000 and the loss thereon of EUR 7 million was deferred under Dutch GAAP only, the gain on the sale in 2001 was EUR 7 million higher under US GAAP.

            The amount of EUR 8 million negative in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income at December 31, 2003 and EUR 67 million negative at December 31, 2002 is the market value of interest rate swaps which are designated as cash flow hedges as defined under SFAS No. 133 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" which became effective January 1, 2001. The reduction of Group Equity under US GAAP of EUR 2 million as at December 31, 2003 and EUR 10 million as at December 31, 2002 is the market value of the interest rate swaps for which no hedge accounting was applied. The adoption of SFAS No. 133 resulted in a cumulative (pre-tax) reduction of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income of EUR 13 million. In 2003, a gain of EUR 60 million was recorded as an addition to Other Comprehensive Income of which EUR 36 million relates to settlement of interest rate swaps. In 2002, an amount of EUR 16 million was recorded as a reduction to Other Comprehensive Income and in 2001 an amount of EUR 38 million was recorded as a reduction to Other Comprehensive Income. In 2003, a gain of EUR 3 million was recorded related to hedge ineffectiveness and in 2002 a loss of EUR 5 million. In 2001 no gain or loss related to hedge ineffectiveness was recorded. The interest rate swaps were entered into to hedge variable rate debt to fixed rate. The amount of EUR 8 million negative recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income at December 31, 2003 will affect earnings when the variable rate interest for the periods being hedged affect earnings. An amount of EUR 3 million is expected to be reclassified to earnings in 2004. All amounts stated above are before taxes.

(f)        Pension

            Substantially all employees of Buhrmann in Europe participate in defined benefit plans. For most of our employees in the United States, Canada and Australia Buhrmann sponsors several defined contribution plans.

            In 2003, curtailment and settlement of a number of defined benefit plans occurred mainly in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in connection with the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division.

            With regard to the defined benefit plans, US GAAP requires re-adjustment of the significant actuarial assumptions annually to reflect current market and economic conditions. Additionally, only those accumulated gains or losses arising in the plan from a difference between the actual experience of the plan and the actuarial assumptions made, falling outside ten percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market value of the assets, are being amortized. The excess of plan assets over projected benefit obligation, as of January 1, 1989, the transition date, is recognized as a part of periodic pension costs on a prospective basis.

            This method significantly differs from the accounting under Dutch GAAP, whereby a provision for pensions, which relates primarily to non-reinsured pension entitlements, past-service premiums falling due in the future and commitments to former employees, is accrued at its present value.

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            The components of net periodic pension cost, for the continuing and discontinued operations, under US GAAP are set forth below.

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net periodic pension cost              
Service cost   (14 ) (14 ) (13 )
Interest cost   (40 ) (41 ) (36 )
Expected return on plan assets   51   60   59  
Settlement/curtailment gain   5   1   2  
Net amortization and deferral and other expenses   (21 ) (16 ) (13 )
   
 
 
 
Net periodic pension costs under US GAAP   (19 ) (10 ) (1 )
   
 
 
 

            In 2003, Buhrmann recognized EUR 5 million in pretax settlement and curtailment gains under US GAAP in connection with the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division. The difference is included in sale of the Paper Merchanting Division in the reconciliation of net result under US GAAP as discussed under item (j) below.

            Under Dutch GAAP, the Company recognized pension costs of EUR 35 million, EUR 29 million and EUR 27 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 respectively. This includes costs related to defined contribution plans of EUR 20 million in 2003, EUR 18 million in 2002 and EUR 18 million in 2001 and costs related to defined benefit plans of EUR 15 million in 2003, EUR 11 million in 2002 and EUR 9 million in 2001.

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Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

            Information required to be disclosed under US GAAP with respect to the funded status of defined benefit plans is set forth below. These disclosures are for the continuing and discontinued operations.

 
   December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Change in projected benefit obligation:          
Benefit obligation at beginning of year   (756 ) (687 )
Service cost   (15 ) (14 )
Interest cost   (40 ) (41 )
Plan participant's contributions   (3 ) (3 )
Amendments   —   (12 )
Actuarial gain/(loss)   (7 ) (37 )
Benefits paid   32   30  
Settlement/curtailment   158   —  
Other (including currency translation adjustments)   10   8  
   
 
 
Projected benefit obligation at end of year   (621 ) (756 )
   
 
 
Change in plan assets:          
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year   747   798  
Actual return on plan assets   79   (38 )
Employer contribution   11   10  
Plan participants' contributions   3   3  
Amendments   —   11  
Benefits paid   (32 ) (30 )
Settlement/curtailment   (85 ) —  
Other (including currency translation adjustments)   (8 ) (7 )
   
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year   715   747  
   
 
 
Funded Status   94   (9 )
Unrecognized transition cost   —   (8 )
Unrecognized prior service cost   (1 ) (4 )
Unrecognized net actuarial (gain)/loss   92   191  
Other pension arrangements   (14 ) (10 )
   
 
 
Prepaid/(accrued) benefit cost   171   160  
   
 
 
Additional minimum liability at end of year   9   51  
Intangible asset   —   —  
   
 
 
Reduction to equity   9   51  
   
 
 

            Under US GAAP, Buhrmann recorded a minimum pension liability for the actuarial present value of accumulated benefits that exceeded plan assets. The accrued additional minimum pension liability at December 31, 2003 and 2002 were EUR 9 million and EUR 51 million respectively. The decrease in additional minimum pension liability is predominantly due curtailment and settlement in

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connection with the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division and has been recorded as other comprehensive income under US GAAP.

            In estimating expected return on plan assets, appropriate consideration is taken into account of historical performance for the major asset classes held or anticipated to be held by the applicable pension funds and of current forecasts of future rates of return for those asset classes.

            The funded status of EUR 94 million at December 31, 2003 predominantly relates to the Buhrmann Pension Fund in the Netherlands ("the Fund"). The weighted average asset allocation of the Fund at December 31, 2003 and 2002 and target allocation for the year 2004 are as follows:

Asset category

 
   Target
2004
   Allocation
2003
   Allocation
2002
  
Equity Securities   30 % 28 % 25 %
Debt Securities   60 % 61 % 64 %
Real Estate   10 % 11 % 11 %
Cash   — % — % — %

            The assumptions used to measure pension cost and benefit obligation of the Buhrmann Pension Fund in the Netherlands:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Discount rate   5.5 % 5.5 % 6.0 %
Expected return on plan assets   7.0 % 7.0 % 8.0 %
Rate of compensation increase   3.0 % 3.0 % 3.5 %
Increase of state pension   2.0 % 2.0 % 2.5 %
Pension increases   2.0 % 2.0 % 2.5 %

            The goal of the Fund's investment policies is to reach an optimum between maximum return on plan assets, minimum and stable contributions to the fund, to grant a full indexation of the benefits and to maintain a sufficient funding level. Investments in debt securities are primarily made in fixed income instruments. The policy is to hedge 50% of the currency risks related to investments in equity securities and in real estate which are denominated in other currencies than the euro. Currency risks related to investments in debt securities in currencies other than the euro are in principle completely hedged. Derivatives are only used to minimize financial market risk exposures such as currency risks. No speculative positions are entered into.

            The Company expects to contribute EUR 3 million to the Fund in 2004.

            Buhrmann has several other, relatively small, defined benefit plans mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom.

            The projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets of the pension plans of which the benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, was EUR 42 million and EUR 26 million, respectively, at December 31, 2003 and EUR 212 million and EUR 126 million, respectively, at December 31, 2002. The accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets of the pension plans of which the benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets was EUR 39 million and

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EUR 26 million, respectively, at December 31, 2003 and EUR 159 million and EUR 126 million, respectively, at December 31, 2002.

            Weighted average assumptions used to measure pension cost and benefit obligation of the defined pension plans outside the Netherlands:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Discount rate   5.9 % 5.6 % 6.3 %
Expected return on plan assets   8.4 % 6.8 % 8.0 %
Rate of compensation increase   3.4 % 3.5 % 3.8 %
Increase of state pension   2.4 % 2.4 % 2.5 %
Pension increases   2.4 % 2.4 % 2.5 %

(g)       Financing fees

            In 2003 and 2002, this item relates to a difference in write-off methods used under Dutch GAAP and US GAAP. When repayments of long-term debt are made, a portion of the related fees may need to be written off so that the amount of unamortized fees is commensurate with the amount of debt remaining. In 2002, a write-off of capitalized financing fees relating to the Term Loans under the Senior Credit Facility entered into in 1999 was recorded which was EUR 3 million lower under US GAAP. In 2003, certain fees relating to the new Senior Credit Facility entered into in 2003 amounting to EUR 12 million are capitalized under Dutch GAAP, but they are treated as costs to extinguish the loans under the old Senior Credit Facility under US GAAP and therefore expensed. Additionally, the impairment of the financing fees in 2003 relating to the Revolver under the old Senior Credit Facility was EUR 3 million lower under US GAAP whereas the impairment of the financing fees related to the Term Loans under the old Senior Credit Facility was EUR 3 million higher under US GAAP. The net impact of these two differences is a lower amount of capitalized financing fees under US GAAP of EUR 9 million at December 31, 2003.

(h)       Revenue recognition

            As of 1 January 2003, this item relates primarily to sales of graphic machines sold to customers and financed by external financing companies and for which repurchase guarantees exist. Should the customer be declared in default, the respective financing company has a right of recourse against Buhrmann. Under US GAAP these types of revenues can only be recognized when the right of recourse has ended, which is generally 5 years from the date of sale.

            Before 1 January 2003, this item also included differences in the recognition of sales of graphic machines without repurchase commitments because under Dutch GAAP these sales were in general recognized at delivery and under US GAAP after installation of the machines and/or after completion of all performance obligations. As of January 1, 2003, also under Dutch GAAP these sales are recognized after installation of the machines and/or after completion of all performance obligations.

(i)        Catalogue contributions

            As of January 1, 2003, for US GAAP purposes only, Buhrmann adopted Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 02-16, "Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a

F-77


Vendor". This guidance primarily affects our accounting for catalogue contributions received from vendors. Before January 1, 2003, catalogue contributions were recognized as income over the life of the related catalogue both under US GAAP and Dutch GAAP and there was no relationship with inventories. Under EITF No. 02-16, there is a presumption that amounts received from vendors should be considered a reduction of inventory costs. This presumption can be overcome if certain restrictive provisions are met. For US GAAP purposes only, Buhrmann adopted a policy of considering all catalogue contributions to be a reduction of inventory cost because the administrative cost of tracking the related expenses of producing the catalogue, to determine whether Buhrmann meets the restrictive conditions required by Issue No. 02-16, would exceed the benefit.

            The adoption of EITF No. 02-16 resulted in a reduction of inventory and an accrual for catalogue contributions received in advance, predominantly in the Office Products North America Division, under US GAAP compared to Dutch GAAP. To record the initial amount at January 1, 2003 of catalogue contributions as a reduction of inventory and the accrual for catalogue contributions received in advance, Buhrmann recorded a cumulative effect adjustment under US GAAP of EUR 48 million (EUR 29 million after tax). The impact of the new accounting method decreased cost of goods sold in 2003 under US GAAP by EUR 5 million.

(j)        Sale Paper Merchanting Division

            The loss on the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division in 2003 is higher under US GAAP mainly due to the write-off of EUR 104 million of capitalized goodwill under US GAAP which was written-off directly from Group equity under Dutch GAAP prior to January 1, 1997. The recognition under US GAAP of translation adjustments relating to the Paper Merchanting Division which were recorded directly in Group equity in previous years, resulted in a loss of EUR 26 million net of taxes. Furthermore, the effect of this sale on the valuation of pensions resulted in an additional loss of EUR 2 million under US GAAP.

(k)       Other

            This category of reconciling items is other, individually insignificant, US GAAP adjustments related to subsidiaries of the Company.

(l)        Deferred taxes

            Under Dutch GAAP, the Company recorded valuation allowances on deferred tax assets for operating loss carryforwards. Under US GAAP, of these valuation allowances EUR 57 million at December 31, 2003 and EUR 141 million at December 31, 2002 did not qualify. The effect on net result under US GAAP was a loss of EUR 77 million in 2003, of which EUR 1 million is recorded as part of the result on the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division, a loss of EUR 4 million in 2002 and a gain of EUR 10 million in 2001.

            The loss of EUR 77 million in 2003 is mainly due to a reduction of operating loss carry forwards due to a profit on an intercompany transaction. As a result, valuation allowances on deferred tax assets for operating loss carry forwards which were recorded under Dutch GAAP in previous years were no longer deemed necessary. As these valuation allowances were not recorded under US GAAP, a tax expense of EUR 85 million was recorded under US GAAP in 2003.

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            Furthermore, deferred taxes on US GAAP adjustments negatively affected Group equity under US GAAP in the amount of EUR 29 million at December 31, 2003 and positively in the amount of EUR 2 million at December 31, 2002. The effect on net result under US GAAP was a loss of EUR 2 million in 2003 which includes a gain of EUR 10 million recorded as part of the result on the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division. Furthermore in 2003, an amount of EUR 35 million of tax expense was recorded directly in Group equity as part of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income which includes the valuation of derivatives (EUR 23 million) and the valuation of pensions (EUR 12 million). In 2002, the effect on net result of deferred taxes on US GAAP adjustments was a loss of EUR 3 million and in 2001 a gain of EUR 20 million.

            The components of deferred tax under US GAAP are as follows:

 
   December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Deferred tax assets:          
Restructuring and integration provisions   —   6  
Derivatives   4   29  
Catalogue contributions   14   —  
Tax loss carryforwards   420   565  
Other   73   —  
   
 
 
Nominal deferred tax asset   511   600  
Valuation allowances   (55 ) (79 )
   
 
 
Deferred tax asset   456   521  
   
 
 
Current   32   49  
Non current   424   472  
   
 
 
Deferred tax asset   456   521  
   
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:          
Fixed assets   (115 ) (114 )
Pension   (62 ) (47 )
Other   (62 ) (93 )
   
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities   (239 ) (254 )
   
 
 
Current   (9 ) (2 )
Non current   (230 ) (252 )
   
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities   (239 ) (254 )
   
 
 

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            Total tax (expense) income under US GAAP for the continuing and discontinued operations is as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Current   (17 ) (18 ) (17 )
   
 
 
 
Deferred:              
Benefits operating loss carryforwards   (15 ) (8 ) 23  
Adjustments to deferred taxes for enacted changes in tax laws or a change in the tax status   —   (3 ) —  
Adjustments in the valuation allowances due to change in judgment about realizability   3   29   24  
All other deferred tax items   28   4   —  
   
 
 
 
Total deferred   16   22   47  
   
 
 
 
Total income taxes   (1 ) 4   30  
   
 
 
 

Additional US GAAP disclosures

Operating result, result from operations and discontinued operations under US GAAP presentation

            Under Dutch GAAP, the results and cash flows from a discontinued operation are included in the results and cash flows from continuing operations until the date the operations are actually sold. Under US GAAP, the results and cash flows from discontinued operations are presented separately from continuing operations whereby the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for previous years are restated for discontinuance of an operation. The Paper Merchanting Division, which was sold with effect from October 31, 2003, qualifies as a discontinued operation.

            The extent to which the reconciling items between Dutch GAAP and US GAAP relate to the Paper Merchanting Division is summarized below:

Impact on net result

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Goodwill amortization   2   4   (6 )
Goodwill impairment   —   (72 ) —  
Restructuring and integration provisions   (17 ) 17   —  
Pensions   (3 ) (2 ) 2  
Sale Paper Merchanting Division   (132 ) —   —  
Deferred taxes   1   1   1  
   
 
 
 
Total   (149 ) (52 ) (3 )
   
 
 
 

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Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Impact on group equity

 
   December 31,
2002
  
Goodwill at cost, net of accumulated amortization   104  
Restructuring and integration provisions   18  
Pensions   4  
Pensions—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income   (37 )
Deferred taxes   12  
   
 
Total   101  
   
 

            Under Dutch GAAP, certain non-recurring items were classified as extraordinary income or expenses in 2002 and 2001. The income statement presented in the US GAAP format would result in a reclassification of extraordinary items to operating result or result from operations, as these items are neither unusual nor infrequent according to the US GAAP definition.

            The office products division of Corporate Express Nederland B.V. was sold in October 2001. Under Dutch GAAP the operating result of this division from April 2001 to October 2001 of EUR 3 million negative is included in other financial results. The operating result of this division for this period would under US GAAP be included in operating result.

            Operating result, result from continuing operations, income from discontinued operations, result on disposal of discontinued operations and net result under US GAAP are as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
 
   (in millions of euro)
Operating result   182   (718 ) 116

Result from continuing operations
 
(59
)
(849
)
13
Result from discontinued operations   1   (92 ) 22
Result on disposal of discontinued operations   (250 ) —   —
   
 
 
Net result before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle   (308 ) (941 ) 35
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle   (29 ) —   —
   
 
 
Net result   (337 ) (941 ) 35
   
 
 

            Result from discontinued operations and result on the sale of discontinued operations in the table above for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 includes the Paper Merchanting Division only.

            Result from discontinued operations includes an income tax loss of EUR 15 million in 2003, EUR 11 million in 2002 and EUR 12 million in 2001.

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            The result on the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division under US GAAP recorded in 2003 is summarized as follows:

 
   (in millions
of euro)

  
Initial consideration   706  
less:      
Net debt and cash adjustment   (6 )
Other purchase price adjustments   (63 )
   
 
Net   637  
   
 

Net equity value Paper Merchanting Division as at November 1, 2003:
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity (net)   633  
Goodwill   201  
Net debt and cash   (6 )
   
 
    828  
   
 

Book result
 
(185
)
Realized translation adjustments, net of taxes   (26 )
Transaction fees   (15 )
Warranties   (18 )
   
 
Total result (loss)   (250 )
   
 

            Liabilities of discontinued operations and other divested companies to be retained by the Company as of December 31, 2003 amounted to EUR 35 million (2002: EUR 22 million) which is included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows under US GAAP presentation

            As permitted under Dutch GAAP, changes in liquid funds include changes in bank overdrafts. Under US GAAP changes in bank overdrafts should be included in financing activities.

            Under US GAAP, costs related to the integration of group companies are expensed as incurred and are classified within operating activities, whereas under Dutch GAAP, payments for these costs are included within investing activities.

F-82


            The following cash flow disclosures are provided to quantify the significant differences between the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as presented under Dutch GAAP and cash flow statements that would be required under US GAAP:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net result   (337 ) (941 ) 35  

Adjustments to reconcile net result to cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle before tax   48   —   —  
Result on disposal of discontinued operations   244   —   —  
Minority interests   12   12   9  
Result from participations and other financial results   (10 ) (16 ) (20 )
Tax expense (income)   1   (4 ) (30 )
Financing costs   262   203   200  
Depreciation, amortization and impairment   159   1,131   192  
Addition to/(release of) provisions   26   96   164  
Accrued pension costs   (8 ) (27 ) (26 )
(Increase)/decrease in working capital (see below)   65   55   214  
Payments related to integration of acquisitions   (8 ) (90 ) (208 )
Interest paid   (134 ) (184 ) (202 )
Other financial income   18   —   —  
Profit taxes paid   (22 ) (16 ) (27 )
Payments charged to provisions   (51 ) (51 ) (40 )
   
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing and discontinued operations   265   168   261  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   552   (48 ) (534 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities   (685 ) (182 ) 316  
   
 
 
 
(Decrease)/increase in cash and deposits   132   (62 ) 43  
   
 
 
 
(Increase)/decrease in working capital:              
(Increase)/decrease inventories   1   13   88  
(Increase)/decrease accounts receivable   109   195   208  
Increase/(decrease) accounts payable   (43 ) (172 ) (19 )
(Increase)/decrease other receivables and liabilities   (2 ) 19   (63 )
   
 
 
 
    65   55   214  
   
 
 
 

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Net cash used in investing activities:

            Proceeds from the sale of tangible fixed assets and internally used software were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Net cash provided by financing activities:              
Ordinary Shares issued   —   —   665  
Dividend payments   (9 ) (25 ) (60 )
Payment to minority shareholders   (7 ) (5 ) (2 )
Paid financing fees   (25 ) (16 ) (13 )
Settlement of interest rate swaps   (40 ) —   —  
Proceeds from issuance of Subordinated Convertible Bond   114   —   —  
Drawn long-term debt   440   —   407  
Repayment of long-term debt   (1,158 ) (136 ) (618 )
   
 
 
 
    (685 ) (182 ) 316  
   
 
 
 
Non-cash investing activities:              
Assets and liabilities (net) acquired in a business combination   —   —   203  
Assets and liabilities (net) disposed of in sale of a discontinued operation   (625 ) —   —  

Non-cash financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redenomination par value shares   —   —   13  

Earnings per share under US GAAP

            Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing result after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding for the periods under review. Dividends paid to holders of Preference Shares A and C of EUR 33 million, EUR 32 million and EUR 34 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001 respectively, were deducted for the years presented. Fully diluted earnings per share assume that any dilutive convertible securities were converted at the beginning of each year and all options outstanding at the end of the year were exercised, insofar as the average marketprice was higher than the average exercise price during the financial year.

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Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

            The computation of basic and fully diluted earnings under US GAAP per Ordinary Share is as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro, unless otherwise indicated)

  
Computation basic and fully diluted earnings per share              
Net result   (337 ) (941 ) 35  
Less dividends on Preference Shares A and C   (33 ) (32 ) (34 )
   
 
 
 
Net result after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares   (370 ) (973 ) 1  
  Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle   29   —   —  
Net result before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares   (341 ) (973 ) 1  
  Discontinued operations   249   92   (22 )
   
 
 
 
Result from continuing operations after deduction of dividend on Preference Shares   (92 ) (881 ) (21 )
   
 
 
 
Weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding (in thousands)   134,653   131,818   123,760  

Basic and fully diluted earnings per share (in euro)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Result from continuing operations   (0.68 ) (6.68 ) (0.16 )
Discontinued operations   (1.85 ) (0.71 ) 0.17  
Net result before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle   (2.53 ) (7.38 ) 0.01  
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle   (0.22 ) —   —  
Net result   (2.75 ) (7.38 ) 0.01  

            Basic and fully diluted earnings per share are equal as the the conversion of the Subordinated Convertible Bond that was issued in 2003, the Preference Shares C and the option rights exercisable would have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per Ordinary Shares.

            The number of Ordinary Shares that would arise after conversion of the Subordinated Convertible Bond at December 31, 2003 was 13,669 (see Note 14). The annual interest on the Subordinated Convertible Bond is EUR 2 million.

            The number of Ordinary Shares that would arise after conversion of the Preference shares C at December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 was 35,658, 23,157 and 21,893 respectively. The dividend on Preference Shares C was EUR 22 million, EUR 21 million and EUR 20 million for 2003, 2002 and 2001 respectively (see Note 14).

            The number of Ordinary Shares that would arise after exercise of the option rights at December 31, 2003 was 651 (see Note 14) and none at December 31, 2002 and 2001.

Stock Options

            For details about the Company's Stock Option Plan, see Note 26 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

            Below are additional disclosures required under US GAAP.

F-85


            The movements in the outstanding number of options and weighted average exercise price are as follows:

 
   Number of
options
   Weighted average
exercise price
per share
in euro
Balance at December 31, 2000   1,971,007   22.36
Options granted   1,263,200   20.00
Options exercised   (37,100 ) 16.74
Options expired   —   —
Options forfeited   (320,197 ) 22.38

Balance at December 31, 2001
 
2,876,910
 
21.44
Options granted   1,563,928   13.75
Options exercised   —   —
Options expired   (191,650 ) 16.74
Options forfeited   (313,077 ) 19.20

Balance at December 31, 2002
 
3,936,111
 
18.79
Options granted   1,575,000   2.87
Options exercised   —   —
Options expired   —   —
Options forfeited   (464,413 ) 14.93
   
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   5,046,698   14.18
   
 

            The total of options exercisable at the end of the year are:

 
   Number of
options
   Weighted average
exercise price
per share
in euro
2001   191,650   16.74
2002   459,500   15.61
2003   1,235,638   23.45

F-86

            The weighted average fair values and weighted average exercise prices per share at the date of grant for the options outstanding are as follows:

 
   December 31,
 
   2003
   2002
   2001
 
   (in euro)
Weighted average fair value of options granted with exercise prices equal to the market value of the stock at the date of grant   5.51   7.35   7.40
Weighted average exercise price of options granted with exercise prices equal to the market value of the stock at the date of grant   13.48   18.12   20.74
Weighted average fair value of options granted with exercise prices above the market value of the stock at the date of grant   7.89   8.65   8.91
Weighted average exercise price of options granted with exercise prices above the market value of the stock at the date of grant   24.91   27.42   28.56

            The following table summarizes information about options outstanding at December 31, 2003:

 
   Options outstanding
   Options exercisable
 
   Number
of options
   Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (in years)
   Weighted
average
exercise
price per
share in
euro
   Number
of options
   Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (in years)
   Weighted
average
exercise
price per
share in
euro
Range of exercise price in euro                        
2.85–3.80   1,467,067   6.34   2.87   —   —   —
13.69–19.61   2,669,493   2.52   15.97   416,500   0.27   15.61
24.52–32.94   910,138   1.39   27.14   819,138   1.29   27.43
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   5,046,698   3.43   14.18   1,235,638   0.95   23.45
   
 
 
 
 
 

            If the Company had elected to recognize compensation expense based on the fair value of the stock options at grant date in accordance with SFAS 123, "Accounting for Stock Based Compensation", compensation expense of EUR 5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, EUR 6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 and EUR 6 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 would have been recorded.

F-87


            Net result would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro, except per share data)

  
US GAAP net result:              
As reported   (337 ) (941 ) 35  
Pro forma   (342 ) (947 ) 29  

US GAAP basic net result per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As reported   (2.75 ) (7.38 ) 0.01  
Pro forma   (2.79 ) (7.43 ) (0.04 )

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

            The calculation of Comprehensive Income is as follows:

 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net Result US GAAP   (337 ) (941 ) 35  
Other comprehensive income net of tax:              
  Foreign currency translation adjustments (net)   (130 ) (246 ) 57  
  Unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities   —   —   (45 )
  Unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments (net)   37   (11 ) (7 )
  Minimum pension liability   29   (35 ) —  
   
 
 
 
Comprehensive Income (Loss)   (401 ) (1,233 ) 40  
   
 
 
 

            Foreign currency translation adjustments includes a tax gain of EUR 9 million in 2003 (in 2002 a tax gain of EUR 25 million and in 2001 a tax gain of EUR 9 million). Unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments in 2003 includes a tax expense of EUR 23 million (in 2002 a tax benefit of EUR 5 million and in 2001 a tax benefit of EUR 21 million). Minimum pension liability in 2003 includes a tax expense of EUR 11 million (in 2002 a tax benefit of EUR 16 million).

F-88


            The balance of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (after tax) is as follows:

 
   Total
   Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
   Unrealized gains and losses on
marketable
securities
   Unrealized gains and losses on
derivative
instruments
   Minimum
pension
liability
  
Balance at December 31, 2000   83   54   45   (16 ) —  

Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
 
(3
)
57
 
(45
)
(15
)
—
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2001   80   111   —   (31 ) —  

Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
 
(292
)
(246
)
—
 
(11
)
(35
)
   
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2002   (212 ) (135 ) —   (42 ) (35 )

Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
 
(63
)
(129
)
—
 
37
 
29
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   (275 ) (264 ) —   (5 ) (6 )
   
 
 
 
 
 

            The Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income at December 31, 2003 is net of EUR 26 million taxes on foreign currency translation adjustments, EUR 3 million taxes on unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments and EUR 3 million taxes on minimum pension liability.

Group equity

            The movements in group equity under US GAAP are as follows:

 
   Year ended December 31,
  
 
   2003
   2002
   2001
  
Group equity beginning of the year   1,910   3,157   2,513  

Dividend Ordinary Shares
 
(4
)
(10
)
(46
)
Share issue   6   —   665  
Exercised option rights   —   —   1  
Net result under US GAAP   (337 ) (941 ) 35  
Dividend Preference Shares A   (11 ) (11 ) (14 )
Consolidation/deconsolidation   (2 ) —   —  
Purchase shares   —   —   (3 )
Dividend payment to third parties   (7 ) (5 ) —  
Minority share   12   12   9  
Other comprehensive income (loss)   (63 ) (292 ) (3 )
   
 
 
 
Group equity end of the year   1,504   1,910   3,157  
   
 
 
 

F-89

Operating lease commitments

            The Company leases certain distribution facilities, equipment and offices under non-cancelable operating leases. Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2003 are as follows:

 
   (in millions of euro)
Year ended December 31,    
2004   85
2005   69
2006   54
2007   44
2008   49
Thereafter   135
   
Total   436
   

            Certain of these distribution facilities and offices are subleased by the Company. Income to be received from these subleases is not included in the table above. Lease expenses for non-cancelable operating leases for distribution facilities and offices charged to the income statement for the continuing and discontinued operations during the periods ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 were EUR 111 million, EUR 126 million and EUR 125 million respectively. Income from subleases was EUR 3 million, EUR 4 million and EUR 4 million respectively for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.

Advertising costs

            Advertising costs (net) of the continuing and discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 were EUR 14 million, EUR 18 million and EUR 18 million respectively.

Provision for product warranties

            The provision for product warranties relates to potential liabilities in the event products delivered or services rendered do not meet the agreed qualities, in those cases that the guarantee period has not expired yet. The additions charged to result only relate to warranties issued during 2003 and are calculated as a percentage of net sales. This percentage is based on past experience.

            The movements in this provision for the continuing and discontinued operations were as follows:

 
   (in millions of euro)
  
Balance at December 31, 2002   5  

Payments
 
(1
)
Releases to result   (1 )
   
 
Balance at December 31, 2003   3  
   
 

F-90


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Variable Interest Entities

            FASB Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46) "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" requires certain disclosures of variable interest entities and, as of January 1, 2003, the consolidation of certain of these variable interest entities.

            Based on a preliminary review, Buhrmann has determined that at December 31, 2003 it had a variable interest in Silver Securitisation B.V., Rheingold no 11 Ltd and Silver Funding Ltd. These entities facilitate the accounts receivable securitization program which is described below. The consolidation of these variable interest entities would not have had a material impact on net result or Group equity under US GAAP.

            The transactions relating to the accounts receivable securitization program are as follows:

            The Buhrmann operating companies the Netherlands and the United States that sell their accounts receivable into Buhrmann's securitization program are called the Originators. The Dutch Originators sell their receivables on a true sale basis to the European Receivables Warehouse: Buhrmann Silver SA. Buhrmann Silver SA (a wholly owned Buhrmann subsidiary) sells the receivables onward to the European Master Purchaser Silver Securitisation BV. Silver Securitisation BV is a separate company of which the shares are held by a Stichting (Dutch Foundation) which is controlled by a board independent from Buhrmann. Silver Securitisation BV holds the European receivables and issues Buhrmann Notes with the receivables as security to the investors in these Notes. Investors in the Notes are Rheingold no 11 Ltd (a Jersey company sponsored by Deutsche Bank AG) as Initial Buhrmann Note Purchaser and Silver Funding Ltd as MTN issuer. The shares of Silver Funding are held by the Silver Funding Charitable Trust which is controlled by a board that is independent from Buhrmann.

            In the United States the US Originators sell their receivables to the US Master Purchaser: Buhrmann Silver US LLC, which is a partnership with the US Originators as partners. The US Master Purchaser issues Buhrmann US Notes to both the Initial Buhrmann Notes Purchaser and the MTN Issuer. The US Master Purchaser and the European Master Purchaser have issued a cross guarantee on their respective receivables.

            With the Buhrmann Notes and Buhrmann US Notes as collateral, Rheingold no 11 Ltd and Silver Funding Ltd raise funds in the market. Rheingold no 11 issues Commercial Paper (Short Term Notes) through the CP Issuer Rheingold Securitisation Ltd. Silver Funding Ltd has issued Medium Term Notes, which are listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, in USD and EUR. As the EUR denominated notes have the USD pool as their primary collateral, the Notes outstanding in EUR have been swapped to USD until the maturity of the Notes.

            Buhrmann Stafdiensten BV (a Dutch Buhrmann company) services the program.

            The receivables sold by the Originators to Buhrmann Silver SA and Buhrmann Silver US LLC are included in Buhrmann's Consolidated Balance Sheet, both under Dutch GAAP and US GAAP. Also the Buhrmann Notes issued by Silver Securitisation BV and the Buhrmann US Notes issued by Buhrmann Silver US LLC are included in Buhrmann's Consolidated Balance Sheet, both under Dutch GAAP and US GAAP.

F-91


35.       New accounting pronouncements

Dutch GAAP

            In December 2003, new Guidelines for Annual Reporting applicable in the Netherlands were issued, most of which became effective January 1, 2004. Under the new Guidelines, in addition to more extensive disclosure requirements, the most important accounting changes that might have an impact on Buhrmann's consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows as of January 1, 2004 are the following:

            Buhrmann is currently reviewing the impact of these new Guidelines on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

            Furthermore, a new guideline regarding Employee Benefits (RJ 271) was released which contains clarifications and changes for accounting of, among others, defined benefit plans. This guideline is based on IAS 19 as part of the convergence project between Dutch GAAP and IFRS. This guideline is not mandatory until January 1, 2005. Buhrmann will not implement this guideline before January 1, 2005.

US GAAP

            In November 2002, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, "Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables". EITF 00-21 addresses the issues of (1) how to determine whether an arrangement with multiple deliverables consists of more than one unit of accounting and (2) if an arrangement consists of more than one unit of accounting, how the arrangement consideration should be allocated among the separate units of accounting. EITF 00-21 does not change otherwise applicable revenue recognition criteria. For Buhrmann, EITF 00-21 is effective as of January 1, 2004. Buhrmann is currently reviewing the impact that adoption of EITF 00-21 will have on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

            In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities", an interpretation of ARB No. 51. FIN 46 requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. For variable interest entities created or acquired on or after January 31, 2003, FIN 46 was effective immediately. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, FIN 46 is effective for Buhrmann's 2004 Consolidated Financial Statements. The disclosures requirements of FIN 46 are effective for Buhrmann's 2003 Consolidated Financial Statements for all variable interests which are within the scope of FIN 46. In December 2003 the FASB issued FASB

F-92


Interpretation No. 46R ("FIN 46R"), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (Revised)." FIN 46R modifies the scope exceptions provided in FIN 46. As of the end of the first interim or annual reporting period ending after March 15, 2004, the provisions of FIN 46R replace the provisions of FIN 46 for all variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. Buhrmann currently does not expect that FIN 46 or FIN 46R will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

            In December 2003, the FASB issued revised SFAS No. 132, "Employers' Disclosure about Pensions and Other Post Retirement Benefits an amendment of FASB Statement No. 87, 88 and 106". The revision of SFAS No. 132 does not change the measurement or recognition of post retirement benefit plans required by SFAS No. 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions", SFAS No. 88, "Employers' Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits" and SFAS No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions". This statement retains the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 132, which it replaces. It requires additional disclosures about plan assets, investment strategy, measurement dates, plan obligations of defined benefit pension plans and other defined benefit postretirement plans. Buhrmann has adopted the effective provisions of SFAS No. 132 (revised) for its 2003 Consolidated Financial Statements and will adopt the remaining provisions for its 2004 Consolidated Financial Statements.

IFRS

            From January 1, 2005, all European publicly listed companies are required to report on the basis of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In 2003, Buhrmann has started preparations for the transition in 2003, aiming to begin external reporting on the basis of IFRS from the 2005 reporting periods onwards. If changes in our Dutch GAAP based accounting principles need to be made in the period ahead, we aim to align as much as possible to the accounting principles as expected under IFRS. In addition, we strive towards the maximum of convergence with US GAAP. Although still some of the accounting standards under IFRS are not yet finalized, it is expected that our reporting will be influenced especially in the areas of pensions, goodwill and financial instruments including equity components such as preference shares and options. At December 31, 2003 no firm indications of the effects on the reported performance can be provided.

F-93


36.       Valuation and Qualifying accounts

 
   Balance at the
beginning of the period
   Charges to costs and expenses
   Utilization/
release
   Deconso-
lidation
   Charges
to other
accounts*
   Balance
at the end of the period
 
   (in millions of euro)
Year ended December 31, 2003                        
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable   51   10   (9 ) (19 ) (3 ) 30
Inventory obsolescence reserve   51   10   (12 ) (7 ) (1 ) 41

Year ended December 31, 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable   58   29   (31 ) —   (5 ) 51
Inventory obsolescence reserve   56   13   (14 ) —   (4 ) 51

Year ended December 31, 2001
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable   53   25   (24 ) —   4   58
Inventory obsolescence reserve   51   13   (11 ) —   3   56
*
Includes effect of acquisitions and disposals and foreign currency translation adjustments.

37.       Supplemental Guarantor Information

            As part of the Credit Agreement of the Senior Subordinated Notes as well as the Senior Credit Facility, Buhrmann N.V. and certain subsidiaries of Buhrmann N.V. act as guarantors. Presented below is consolidated information for Buhrmann US Inc., the issuer of the debt, Buhrmann N.V., the parent guarantor of the debt, the guarantor subsidiaries of Buhrmann N.V. (listed below), and the non-guarantor subsidiaries of Buhrmann N.V. All of the subsidiary guarantors are wholly owned subsidiaries of Buhrmann N.V. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement of the Senior Subordinated Notes as well as the Senior Credit Facility, Buhrmann N.V. and their subsidiary guarantors jointly, severally, fully and unconditionally guarantee Buhrmann US Inc's debt securities.

            Excluding the impact of the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division (decrease EUR 132 million) most reconciling items from Dutch GAAP to US GAAP as detailed in Note 34 are related to the operating activities of the guarantors. The US GAAP adjustment to the guarantor column would reduce net result for the year 2003 by EUR 42 million and would reduce non-guarantor net result by EUR 134 million (2002: reduction of EUR 167 million and EUR 186 million respectively and 2001: reduction of EUR 12 million and EUR 8 million respectively). The US GAAP adjustment would decrease the guarantor equity at December 31, 2003 by EUR 52 million and would increase non-guarantor equity by EUR 72 million (2002: decrease of EUR 65 million and increase of EUR 164 million respectively).

F-94

GUARANTORS as of December, 31 2003

(a)       United States

ASAP Software Express, Inc.
BTOP USA Corp.
BTOPI Holding (U.S.)
Buhrmann Swaps, Inc.
Corporate Express Document & Print Management Inc.
Corporate Express Office Products, Inc.
Corporate Express Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc.
Corporate Express Promotional Marketing, Inc.
Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc.
Corporate Express of Texas, Inc.
Corporate Express, Inc.
License Technologies Group, Inc.
Moore Labels, Inc.

(b)       The Netherlands

Buhrmann Financieringen B.V. (f/k/a KNP BT Financieringen B.V.)
Buhrmann Fined B.V. (f/k/a Finbelco B.V.)
Buhrmann II B.V. (f/k/a KNP BT II B.V.)
Buhrmann International B.V.
Buhrmann Nederland B.V.
Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V. (f/k/a Scadisbel B.V.)
Tetterode-Nederland B.V.
Veenman B.V. (f/k/a Corporate Express Document Automatisering B.V.)
Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V. (f/k/a Corporate Express Benelux B.V.)

(c)       Belgium

Buhrmann Europcenter N.V.

(d)       Luxemburg

Buhrmann Luxembourg S.A.R.L.

Note: Due to the sale of the Paper Merchanting Division on October 31, 2003, subsidiaries within this division are no longer guarantors. Additionally, certain subsidiaries within the Office Products Europe Division were removed as guarantors. The 2002 and 2001 figures have been restated accordingly.

F-95


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Income December 31, 2003

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   —   —   3,882   4,171   —   8,053  

Costs of trade goods sold
 
—
 
—
 
(2,742
)
(3,191
)
—
 
(5,933
)
Other costs of sales   —   —   (100 ) (161 ) —   (261 )
Exceptional costs of sales               (5 )     (5 )
Total costs of sales   —   —   (2,842 ) (3,357 ) —   (6,199 )

Added value
 
—
 
—
 
1,040
 
814
 
—
 
1,854
 

Labor costs
 
—
 
—
 
(634
)
(503
)
—
 
(1,137
)
Other operating costs   (1 ) —   (184 ) (208 ) —   (393 )
Exceptional results   —   —   51   5   —   56  
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   —   —   (65 ) (39 ) —   (104 )
Amortization of goodwill   —   —   (47 ) (5 ) —   (52 )
Impairment of goodwill   —   —   (53 ) —   —   (53 )
Operating costs   (1 ) —   (932 ) (750 ) —   (1,683 )

Operating result
 
(1
)
—
 
108
 
64
 
—
 
171
 

Net financing costs
 
135
 
26
 
(296
)
(26
)
—
 
(161
)
Exceptional financing costs   (67 ) 2   (31 ) —   —   (96 )

Result from operations before taxes
 
67
 
28
 
(219
)
38
 
—
 
(86
)

Taxes on result from operations
 
(52
)
(13
)
92
 
(35
)
—
 
(8
)
Exceptional tax results   26   (3 ) 40   13   —   76  
Results from participations and other financial results   —   —   —   1   —   1  
Exceptional results from participations and other financial results   —   (32 ) (84 ) 13   —   (103 )
Results from subsidiaries   (136 ) (112 ) —   —   248   —  
Minority interests               (14 )     (14 )
Exceptional minority interests   —   —   —   2   —   2  

Net result from operations
 
(95
)
(132
)
(171
)
18
 
248
 
(132
)

Net result
 
(95
)
(132
)
(171
)
18
 
248
 
(132
)

F-96

Consolidated Statement of Income December 31, 2002

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   —   —   4,893   5,055   —   9,948  

Costs of trade goods sold
 
—
 
—
 
(3,470
)
(3,922
)
—
 
(7,392
)
Other costs of sales   —   —   (138 ) (165 ) —   (303 )
Total costs of sales   —   —   (3,608 ) (4,087 ) —   (7,695 )

Added value
 
—
 
—
 
1,285
 
968
 
—
 
2,253
 

Labor costs
 
—
 
—
 
(790
)
(540
)
—
 
(1,330
)
Other operating costs   (1 ) —   (225 ) (241 ) —   (467 )
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   —   —   (71 ) (43 ) —   (114 )
Amortization of goodwill   —   —   (50 ) (20 ) —   (70 )
Impairment of goodwill   —   —   (547 ) (26 ) —   (573 )
Operating costs   (1 ) —   (1,683 ) (870 ) —   (2,554 )

Operating result
 
(1
)
—
 
(398
)
98
 
—
 
(301
)

Net financing costs
 
160
 
28
 
(386
)
(1
)
—
 
(199
)

Result from operations before taxes
 
159
 
28
 
(784
)
97
 
—
 
(500
)

Taxes on result from operations
 
(62
)
(9
)
3
 
50
 
—
 
(18
)
Results from participations and other financial results   —   —   13   3   —   16  
Results from subsidiaries   (363 ) (566 ) —   —   929   —  
Minority interests   —   —   —   (12 ) —   (12 )

Net result from operations
 
(266
)
(547
)
(768
)
138
 
929
 
(514
)

Extraordinary result (after tax)
 
—
 
—
 
(33
)
(41
)
—
 
(74
)
Extraordinary result subsidiaries   (63 ) (41 ) —   —   104   —  

Net result
 
(329
)
(588
)
(801
)
97
 
1,033
 
(588
)

F-97

Consolidated Statement of Income December 31, 2001

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Net sales   —   —   5,161   5,247   —   10,408  

Costs of trade goods sold
 
—
 
—
 
(3,607
)
(4,095
)
—
 
(7,702
)
Other costs of sales   —   —   (148 ) (162 ) —   (310 )
Total costs of sales   —   —   (3,755 ) (4,257 ) —   (8,012 )

Added value
 
—
 
—
 
1,406
 
990
 
—
 
2,396
 

Labor costs
 
—
 
—
 
(840
)
(550
)
—
 
(1,390
)
Other operating costs   (1 ) —   (256 ) (232 ) —   (489 )
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   —   —   (66 ) (43 ) —   (109 )
Amortization of goodwill   —   —   (49 ) (18 ) —   (67 )
Operating costs   (1 ) —   (1,211 ) (843 ) —   (2,055 )

Operating result
 
(1
)
—
 
195
 
147
 
—
 
341
 

Net financing costs
 
156
 
91
 
(435
)
(22
)
—
 
(210
)

Result from operations before taxes
 
155
 
91
 
(240
)
125
 
—
 
131
 

Taxes on result from operations
 
(61
)
(28
)
129
 
(64
)
—
 
(24
)
Results from participations and other financial results   —   —   —   (3 ) —   (3 )
Results from subsidiaries   (76 ) 32   —   —   44   —  
Minority interests   —   —   —   (9 ) —   (9 )

Net result from operations
 
18
 
95
 
(111
)
49
 
44
 
95
 

Extraordinary result (after tax)
 
—
 
—
 
0
 
(40
)
—
 
(40
)
Extraordinary result subsidiaries   (23 ) (40 ) —   —   63      

Net result
 
(5
)
55
 
(111
)
9
 
107
 
55
 

F-98


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheet December 31, 2003

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Fixed assets                          
Intangible fixed assets   —   —   1,402   116   —   1,518  
Tangible fixed assets   —   —   156   77   —   233  
Financial fixed assets   4   4   405   8   —   421  
    4   4   1,963   201   —   2,172  

Group participations
 
—
 
187
 
—
 
—
 
(187
)
—
 

Current assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories of trade goods   —   —   248   175   —   423  
Accounts receivable   —   —   411   325   —   736  
Other receivables   —   —   156   45   —   201  
Cash and deposits   —   —   128   17   —   145  
    —   —   943   562   —   1,505  

Total assets
 
4
 
191
 
2,906
 
763
 
(187
)
3,677
 

Group equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ordinary Shares   —   164   —   —   —   164  
Preference Shares   —   64   —   —   —   64  
Additional paid in capital   —   2,055   —   —   —   2,055  
Retained earnings   1,433   (705 ) (2,019 ) 773   (187 ) (705 )
Treasury shares   —   (10 ) —   —   —   (10 )
Undistributed profit   —   (132 ) —   —   —   (132 )
Minority interests   —   —   —   48   —   48  
    1,433   1,436   (2,019 ) 821   (187 ) 1,484  

Provisions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pensions   —   —   2   16   —   18  
Deferred taxes   2   35   125   15   —   177  
Other   —   —   60   19   —   79  
    2   35   187   50   —   274  

Long-term liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subordinated loans   277   115   —   —   —   392  
Other loans   460   —   81   16   —   557  
Intercompany financing   (2,187 ) (1,442 ) 4,114   (485 ) —   —  
    (1,450 ) (1,327 ) 4,195   (469 ) —   949  

Current liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans   11   —   2   15   —   28  
Bank overdrafts   —   —   21   (16 ) —   5  
Accounts payable   —   —   373   271   —   644  
Other liabilities   8   47   147   91   —   293  
    19   47   543   361   —   970  

Total group equity, provisions and liabilities
 
4
 
191
 
2,906
 
763
 
(187
)
3,677
 

F-99

Consolidated Balance Sheet December 31, 2002

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Fixed assets                          
Intangible fixed assets   —   —   1,700   239   —   1,939  
Tangible fixed assets   —   —   199   242   —   441  
Financial fixed assets   72   —   365   44   —   481  
    72   —   2,264   525   —   2,861  

Group participations
 
—
 
295
 
—
 
—
 
(295
)
—
 

Current assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories of trade goods   —   —   307   376   —   683  
Accounts receivable   —   —   544   963   —   1,507  
Other receivables   —   34   159   128   —   321  
Cash and deposits   —   —   19   18   —   37  
    —   34   1,029   1,485   —   2,548  

Total assets
 
72
 
329
 
3,293
 
2,010
 
(295
)
5,409
 

Group equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ordinary Shares   —   158   —   —   —   158  
Preference Shares   —   64   —   —   —   64  
Additional paid in capital   —   2,034   —   —   —   2,034  
Retained earnings   1,682   112   (1,997 ) 610   (295 ) 112  
Treasury shares   —   (10 ) —   —   —   (10 )
Undistributed profit   —   (588 ) —   —   —   (588 )
Minority interests   —   —   —   41   —   41  
    1,682   1,770   (1,997 ) 651   (295 ) 1,811  

Provisions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pensions   —   —   2   24   —   26  
Deferred taxes   3   30   174   14   —   221  
Other   —   —   41   49   —   90  
    3   30   217   87   —   337  

Long-term liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subordinated loans   334   —   —   —   —   334  
Other loans   1,024   —   58   262   —   1,344  
Intercompany financing   (3,094 ) (1,482 ) 4,351   225   —   —  
    (1,736 ) (1,482 ) 4,409   487   —   1,678  

Current liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans   60   —   1   7   —   68  
Bank overdrafts   44   —   6   (24 ) —   26  
Accounts payable   —   —   490   574   —   1,064  
Other liabilities   19   11   167   228   —   425  
    123   11   664   785   —   1,583  

Total group equity, provisions and liabilities
 
72
 
329
 
3,293
 
2,010
 
(295
)
5,409
 

F-100


Buhrmann N.V.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows December 31, 2003

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Cash flow from operating activities                          
Operating result   (1 ) —   108   64   —   171  
Adjustments for:                          
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   —   —   65   39   —   104  
Amortization and impairment of goodwill   —   —   101   4   —   105  
Addition to/(release of) provisions   —   —   (8 ) 8   —   —  
Net (increase)/decrease in working capital   (14 ) —   67   28   —   81  

Other operational payments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest received/(paid)   189   51   (348 ) (26 ) —   (134 )
Other financial income   —   —   17   1   —   18  
Profit taxes received/(paid)   —   —   (28 ) 6   —   (22 )
Payments charged to provisions   —   —   (8 ) (43 ) —   (51 )
Net cash provided by operating activities   174   51   (34 ) 81   —   272  

Cash flow from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software   —   —   (45 ) (34 ) —   (79 )
Acquisitions   —   —   —   (10 ) —   (10 )
Payments related to integration of acquisitions   —   —   (8 ) —   —   (8 )
Divestment of group companies and participations   —   641   —   —   —   641  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   —   641   (53 ) (44 ) —   544  

Cash flow from financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend payments   —   (9 ) —   —   —   (9 )
Payment to and repurchase of interests of minority shareholders   —   —   —   (7 ) —   (7 )
Paid financing fees   (25 ) —   —   —   —   (25 )
Intercompany financing   495   (683 ) 221   (33 ) —   —  
Settlement interest rate swaps   —   —   (40 ) —   —   (40 )
Repayment of long-term debt   (600 ) —   —   —   —   (600 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities   (130 ) (692 ) 181   (40 ) —   (681 )

Net cash flow
 
44
 
—
 
94
 
(3
)
—
 
135
 

F-101

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows December 31, 2002

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Cash flow from operating activities                          
Operating result   (1 ) —   (271 ) (29 ) —   (301 )
Adjustments for:                          
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   —   —   71   43   —   114  
Amortization and impairment of goodwill   —   —   470   173   —   643  
Addition to/(release of) provisions   —   —   (6 ) 7   —   1  
Net (increase)/decrease in working capital   1   (1 ) 60   (8 ) —   52  

Other operational payments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest received/(paid)   197   59   (434 ) (6 ) —   (184 )
Profit taxes received/(paid)   —   —   43   (59 ) —   (16 )
Payments charged to provisions   —   —   (6 ) (45 ) —   (51 )
Net cash provided by operating activities   197   58   (73 ) 76   —   258  

Cash flow from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software   —   —   (67 ) (40 ) —   (107 )
Acquisitions   —   —   —   (9 ) —   (9 )
Payments related to integration of acquisitions   —   —   (82 ) (8 ) —   (90 )
Divestment of group companies and participations   —   —   6   62   —   68  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   —   —   (143 ) 5   —   (138 )

Cash flow from financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend payments   —   (25 ) —   —   —   (25 )
Payment to and repurchase of interests of minority shareholders   —   —   —   (5 ) —   (5 )
Paid financing fees   (16 ) —   —   —   —   (16 )
Intercompany financing   (64 ) (33 ) 195   (98 ) —   —  
Repayment of long-term debt   (162 ) —   —   —   —   (162 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities   (242 ) (58 ) 195   (103 ) —   (208 )

Net cash flow
 
(45
)
—
 
(21
)
(22
)
—
 
(88
)

F-102

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows December 31, 2001

 
   Guarantor
    
    
    
  
 
   Issuer of
debt
   Parent
   Subsidiaries
   Non-
guarantor
Subsidiaries
   Eliminations
   Total
  
 
   (in millions of euro)

  
Cash flow from operating activities                          
Operating result   (1 ) —   195   147   —   341  
Adjustments for:                          
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets and software   —   —   66   43   —   109  
Amortization and impairment of goodwill   —   —   49   18   —   67  
Addition to/(release of) provisions   —   —   3   10   —   13  
Net (increase)/decrease in working capital   (10 ) —   142   75   —   207  

Other operational payments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest received/(paid)   171   79   (432 ) (20 ) —   (202 )
Profit taxes received/(paid)   —   —   18   (45 ) —   (27 )
Payments charged to provisions   —   —   7   (46 ) —   (39 )
Net cash provided by operating activities   160   79   48   182   —   469  

Cash flow from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investments in tangible fixed assets and internally used software   —   —   (84 ) (43 ) —   (127 )
Acquisitions   —   —   (484 ) (94 ) —   (578 )
Payments related to integration of acquisitions   —   —   (208 ) —   —   (208 )
Divestment of group companies and participations   —   —   139   8   —   147  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities   —   —   (637 ) (129 ) —   (766 )

Cash flow from financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ordinary Shares issued   —   665   —   —   —   665  
Dividend payments   —   (60 ) —   —   —   (60 )
Payment to and repurchase of interests of minority shareholders   —   —   —   (2 ) —   (2 )
Paid financing fees   (13 ) —   —   —   —   (13 )
Intercompany financing   71   (684 ) 258   355   —   —  
Repayment of long-term debt   (170 ) —   —   —   —   (170 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities   (112 ) (79 ) 258   353   —   420  

Net cash flow
 
48
 
—
 
(331
)
406
 
—
 
123
 

F-103

GRAPHIC

BUHRMANN US INC.

Offer to Exchange

$150,000,000 principal amount of its 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014
which have been registered under the Securities Act
for any and all of its outstanding 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014

PROSPECTUS


PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 20. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

        The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of any statutes referred to below and the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws of each individual company.

Belgium

        Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. is a company organized under the laws of Belgium.

        There is no general provision under Belgian law dealing with insurance or indemnification of director liability, nor do the articles of Buhrmann Europcenter N.V. provide for such insurance or indemnification.

        According to general Belgian company law provisions concerning director liability, the directors of a Belgian company can, in principle, be held liable: (i) by the company for any fault in the exercise of their office, (ii) by the company and any other third party for breach of the company's articles or the Belgian Company Code, and (iii) by the company and any other third party under the general principles of tort liability.

        In addition to the above grounds for civil liability, directors may be held liable in very specific circumstances, including where a director's acts have contributed to the bankruptcy of the company or where the director has received unlawful financial gain through actions resulting in material adverse financial consequences to the company.

        Directors can be discharged by shareholders of any liability towards the company. However, such discharge is not enforceable against third parties.

Colorado

        Corporate Express, Inc. is a company organized under the laws of Colorado.

        Section 7-108-402 of the Colorado Business Corporation Act ("CBCA") provides, generally, that the articles of incorporation of a Colorado corporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director; except that any such provision may not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) acts specified in Section 7-108-403 (concerning unlawful distributions), or (iv) any transaction from which a director directly or indirectly derived an improper personal benefit. Such provision may not eliminate or limit the liability of a director for any act or omission occurring prior to the date on which such provision becomes effective.

        Section 7-109-103 of the CBCA provides that a Colorado corporation must indemnify a person who was wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defense of any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative and whether formal or informal (a "Proceeding"), in which he was a party because the person is or was a director, against reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with the Proceeding, unless such indemnity is limited by the corporation's articles of incorporation.

        Section 7-109-102 of the CBCA provides, generally, that a Colorado corporation may indemnify a person made a party to a Proceeding because the person is or was a director against any obligation incurred with respect to a Proceeding to pay a judgment, settlement, penalty, fine (including an excise

II-1


tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan) or reasonable expenses incurred in the Proceeding if the person conducted himself or herself in good faith and the person reasonably believed, in the case of conduct in an official capacity with the corporation, that the person's conduct was in the corporation's best interests and, in all other cases, his conduct was at least not opposed to the corporation's best interests and, with respect to any criminal proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. A corporation may not indemnify a director in connection with any Proceeding by or in the right of the corporation in which the director was adjudged liable to the corporation or, in connection with any other Proceeding charging that the director derived an improper personal benefit, whether or not involving actions in an official capacity, in which Proceeding the director was judged liable on the basis that he derived an improper personal benefit. Any indemnification permitted in connection with a Proceeding by or in the right of the corporation is limited to reasonable expenses incurred in connection with such Proceeding.

        Under Section 7-109-107 of the CBCA, unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a Colorado corporation may indemnify an officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of the corporation to the same extent as a director and may indemnify such a person who is not a director to a greater extent, if not inconsistent with public policy and if provided for by its bylaws, general or specific action of its board of directors or shareholders, or contract.

        Article Seventh of Corporate Express, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to Corporate Express, Inc. or its stockholders to the fullest extent allowed as provided by the CBCA, and Article Sixth indemnifies all persons to the fullest extent permitted by the CBCA.

        The bylaws of Corporate Express, Inc. indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation or in any proceeding involving an improper personal benefit) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Corporate Express, Inc. or any subsidiary, if such person acted in good faith, believed his conduct was not opposed to the corporations best interest, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

Delaware

        Buhrmann US Inc., BTOP USA Corporation, Buhrmann Swaps, Inc., Corporate Express Office Products, Inc., CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc., Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc., Corporate Express of Texas, Inc., and License Technologies Group, Inc. are all companies organized under the laws of Delaware.

        BTOPI Holding (U.S.) is a partnership organized under the laws of Delaware. Under the Delaware Revised Uniform Partnership Act, a partnership may and shall have the power, subject to any standards or restrictions set forth in the partnership agreement, to indemnify any partner or other person from and against all claims and demands whatsoever. The partnership agreement of BTOPI Holding (U.S.) does not contain any standards or restrictions pertaining to indemnification.

        Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL") provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement in connection with specified actions, suits and proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than action by or in the right of the corporation—a "derivative action"), if they acted in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful. A similar standard is applicable in the case of derivative actions, except that indemnification only extends to expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action, and the statute requires court approval before there can be any indemnification where the person seeking indemnification has been found liable to the corporation.

II-2


The statute provides that it is not exclusive of other indemnification that may be granted by a corporation's certificate of incorporation, bylaws, disinterested director vote, stockholder vote, agreement, or otherwise.

        The DGCL further authorizes a Delaware corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him under Section 145.

        Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides that a corporation may eliminate or limit the personal liability of a director (or certain persons who, pursuant to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, exercise or perform duties conferred or imposed upon directors by the DGCL) to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL (providing for liability of directors for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions), or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

        Article Eighth of Buhrmann US Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to Buhrmann US Inc. or its stockholders, except for liabilities related to a breach of the duty of loyalty, actions or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, circumstances covered under Section 174 of the DGCL, or any transaction from which such director derived an improper personal benefit.

        The bylaws of Buhrmann US Inc. indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Buhrmann US Inc. or serves or served at the request of Buhrmann US Inc. as a director, officer, employee, or agent, if such person acted in good faith, believed his conduct was not opposed to the corporation's best interest, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

        In the case of a suit by or in the right of Buhrmann US Inc., Buhrmann US Inc. shall similarly indemnify such parties, except where such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to Buhrmann US Inc. unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines that such person is entitled to indemnity for certain expenses.

        Article Tenth of BTOP USA Corporation's Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to BTOP USA or its stockholders, except for liabilities related to a breach of the duty of loyalty, actions or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, circumstances covered under Section 174 of the DGCL, or any transaction from which such director derived an improper personal benefit.

        The bylaws of BTOP USA Corporation provide that BTOP USA shall indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, or employee of BTOP USA or serves or served at the request of BTOP USA as a director, officer or employee, if such person acted in good faith, believed his conduct was not opposed to the corporations best interest, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

II-3


        In the case of a suit by or in the right of BTOP USA, BTOP USA shall similarly indemnify such parties, except where such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to BTOP USA unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines that such person is entitled to indemnity for certain expenses.

        Article Eighth of Buhrmann Swaps, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to the fullest extent allowed as provided by the DGCL, and indemnifies and holds harmless any and all persons whom it shall have power to indemnify under the DGCL.

        The bylaws of Buhrmann Swaps, Inc. provide that Buhrmann Swaps shall indemnify its officers, directors, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.

        Article Fifth of Corporate Express Office Products, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to Corporate Express Office Products, Inc. or its stockholders, except for liabilities related to a breach of the duty of loyalty, actions or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, circumstances covered under Section 174 of the DGCL, or any transaction from which such director derived an improper personal benefit. Article Sixth of Corporate Express Office Products, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation indemnifies and holds harmless any and all persons whom it shall have power to indemnify under the DGCL.

        Article Seventh of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc. or its stockholders, except for liabilities related to a breach of the duty of loyalty, actions or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, circumstances covered under Section 174 of the DGCL, or any transaction from which such director derived an improper personal benefit.

        The bylaws of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc. provide that CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc. shall indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc. or serves or served at the request of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc. as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent to the fullest extent allowed under the DGCL.

        Article Tenth of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. or its stockholders, except for liabilities related to a breach of the duty of loyalty, actions or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, circumstances covered under Section 174 of the DGCL, or any transaction from which such director derived an improper personal benefit. Article Eleventh of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation indemnifies any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. or serves or served at the request of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. as a director, officer, employee, or agent to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL.

        The bylaws of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. or serves or served at the request of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. as a director, officer, employee, or agent, if such person acted in good faith, believed his conduct was not opposed to the corporation's best interest, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

        In the case of a suit by or in the right of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc., Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. shall similarly indemnify such parties, except where such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc. unless and only to the extent that the

II-4


Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines that such person is entitled to indemnity for certain expenses.

        Article Sixth of Corporate Express of Texas, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to Corporate Express of Texas, Inc. or its stockholders, except for liabilities related to a breach of the duty of loyalty, actions or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, circumstances covered under Section 174 of the DGCL, or any transaction from which such director derived an improper personal benefit. Article Seventh of Corporate Express of Texas, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation indemnifies all persons to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.

        Article Ninth of License Technologies Group, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the liability of directors to License Technologies Group, Inc. or its stockholders to the fullest extent allowed as provided by the DGCL, and Article Seventh indemnifies all persons to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.

        The bylaws of License Technologies Group, Inc. indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of License Technologies Group, Inc. or serves or served at the request of License Technologies Group, Inc. as a director, officer, employee, or agent, if such person acted in good faith, believed his conduct was not opposed to the corporations best interest, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

        In the case of a suit by or in the right of License Technologies Group, Inc., Corporate License Technologies Group, Inc. shall similarly indemnify such parties, except where such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to License Technologies Group, Inc. unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines that such person is entitled to indemnity for certain expenses.

Illinois

        ASAP Software Express, Inc. is a company organized under the laws of Illinois.

        Section 8.75 of the Illinois Business Corporation Act of 1983 (the "IBCA") empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than in an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

        In the case of an action or suit by or in the right of the corporation, Section 8.75 of the IBCA provides that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which this person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless, and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability, but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court shall deem proper.

II-5


        Under Section 2.10 of the IBCA, a corporation may relieve a director from personal liability to such corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a directors, except in circumstances involving: (i) any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders; (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) liability arising under Section 8.65 of the IBCA; or (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

        The bylaws of ASAP Software Express, Inc. provide the power to indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of ASAP Software Express, Inc., if such person acted in good faith, believed his conduct was not opposed to the corporations best interest, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

        In the case of a suit by or in the right of ASAP Software Express, Inc., ASAP Software Express, Inc. shall have the power to similarly indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of ASAP Software Express, Inc. or serves or served at the request of ASAP Software Express, Inc. as a director, officer, employee, or agent, except where such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to ASAP Software Express, Inc. unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines that such person is entitled to indemnity for certain expenses.

Kansas

        Moore Labels, Inc. is a company organized under the laws of Kansas.

        Section 17-6305 of the Kansas General Corporation Code provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of an action or suit by or in the right of the corporation, the corporation may not indemnify such persons against judgments and fines and no person shall be indemnified as to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought determines upon application that such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for proper expenses.

        In addition, Section 17-6305 provides that, to the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation has been successful in the defense of any such action, suit or proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding.

Luxembourg

        Buhrmann Luxembourg, Sarl is organized under the laws of Luxembourg.

        Managers are held liable to a company, and to third parties in certain circumstances, for misconduct in their capacity as managers, under article 59 of the Luxembourg Companies Act, and

II-6

under 1382 and 1383 of the Civil Code. The liability of managers in private limited liability companies may not be excluded contractually or through an entity's constitutional documents. In addition, companies may not put into place indemnity letters through which managers are indemnified and held harmless to the company. However, there is no legal provision under Luxembourg company law prohibiting the managers, or the company, from entering into an insurance contract covering any liability managers of the company may incur in such capacity.

Missouri

        Corporate Express Promotional Marketing, Inc. is a company organized under the laws of Missouri.

        Sections 351.355(1) and (2) of The General and Business Corporation Law of the State of Missouri provide that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of an action or suit by or in the right of the corporation, the corporation may not indemnify such persons against judgments and fines and no person shall be indemnified as to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought determines upon application that such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for proper expenses.

        Section 351.355(3) provides that, to the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation has been successful in the defense of any such action, suit or proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding.

        Section 351.355(7) provides that a corporation may provide additional indemnification to any person indemnifiable under subsection (1) or (2), provided such additional indemnification is authorized by the corporation's articles of incorporation or an amendment thereto or by a shareholder-approved bylaw or agreement, and provided further that no person shall thereby be indemnified against conduct which was finally adjudged to have been knowingly fraudulent, deliberately dishonest or willful misconduct or which involved an accounting for profits pursuant to Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Nebraska

        Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc. is a company organized under the laws of Nebraska.

        Sections 21-20,103 through 21-20,111 of the Nebraska Business Corporation Act (the "NBCA") provide, in part, that the directors and officers of a corporation may, under certain circumstances, be indemnified by the corporation against all liability expenses incurred by or imposed upon them as a result of actions, suits or proceedings brought against them as such directors and officers, or as directors or officers of any other organization at the request of the corporation, if they act in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believe to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, have no reasonable cause to believe

II-7


their conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of an action or suit by or in the right of the corporation, the corporation may not indemnify such persons against judgments and fines and no person shall be indemnified as to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought determines upon application that such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for proper expenses.

        In addition, Section 21-20,104 provides that, to the extent that a director has been wholly successful in the defense of any such action, suit or proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against reasonable expenses incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding.

        Article Eighth of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc.'s Certification of Incorporation provides that Corporate Express Document & Management, Inc. shall indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, or employee of Corporate Express Document & Management, Inc. or serves or served at the request of Corporate Express Document & Management, Inc. as a director, officer or employee, if such person acted in good faith, and in the case of a criminal action, if they had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct in question was unlawful.

        In the case of a suit by or in the right of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc., Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc. shall similarly indemnify such parties, except where such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to Corporate Express Document & Management, Inc. unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines that such person is entitled to indemnity for certain expenses.

        The bylaws of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc. provide that Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc. shall indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc. or serves or served at the request of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc. as a director or officer, except when, in any administrative or court proceeding, he shall have been adjudged guilty of negligence or misconduct in respect of the matter in which indemnity is sought.

The Netherlands

        Buhrmann N.V., Buhrmann Financieringen B.V., Buhrmann Fined B.V., Buhrmann II B.V., Buhrmann International B.V., Buhrmann Nederland B.V., Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V., Tetterode-Nederland B.V., Veenman B.V., and Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V. are all companies organized under the laws of The Netherlands.

        There are no provisions under Dutch corporate law which allow or otherwise limit the indemnification of officers or directors. In addition, such persons are free to purchase insurance, or otherwise contract with third parties, to cover such liability.

        There are no specific provisions in the articles of association of the Dutch companies listed above under which a director or officer is insured or indemnified against liability that he or she may incur in his or her capacity as a director or officer. However, the articles of association of these entities do refer indirectly to the liability of a director when referencing the adoption of the annual accounts of the company by the General Meeting. Unqualified adoption of the annual accounts by the General Meeting has the effect of releasing the managing directors from liability for the management pursued, insofar as such management is reflected in the annual accounts.

II-8


Item 21. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.


Exhibit No.
   Description of Exhibit
††1.1   Articles of Association of Buhrmann NV, as amended, dated May 6, 2004.

1.2
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Buhrmann US Inc., as amdended, December 2, 2002.

1.3
 
By-Laws of Buhrmann US Inc.

1.4
 
Articles of Incorporation of A.S.A.P. Software Express, Inc., as amended, Novemeber 14, 1995.

1.5
 
By-Laws of A.S.A.P. Software Express, Inc.

1.6
 
Certificate of Incorporation of BTOP USA Corp., December 31, 1998.

1.7
 
By-Laws of BTOP USA Corp.

1.8
 
Statement of Partnership Existence for BTOPI Holding (U.S.), December 19, 2002.

1.9
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Buhrmann Swaps, Inc., October 8, 1999.

1.10
 
By-Laws of Buhrmann Swaps, Inc.

1.11
 
Articles of Incorporation of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc., as amended, October 14, 1998.

1.12
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc.

1.13
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express Office Products, Inc., as amended, July 20, 1998.

1.14
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Office Products, Inc.

1.15
 
Certificate of Incorporation of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc., February 4, 1999.

1.16
 
By-Laws of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc.

1.17
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express Promotional Marketing, Inc., March 27, 1990.

1.18
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Promotional Marketing.

1.19
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc., November 8, 1995.

1.20
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc.

1.21
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express of Texas, Inc., February 20, 1995.

1.22
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express of Texas, Inc.

1.23
 
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Corporate Express, Inc., October 28, 1999.

1.24
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express, Inc.

1.25
 
Certificate of Incorporation of License Technologies Group, Inc., June 14, 2000.

1.26
 
By-Laws of License Technologies Group, Inc.

1.27
 
Articles of Incorporation of Moore Labels, Inc., December 28, 1976.

1.28
 
By-Laws of Moore Labels, Inc.
     

II-9


1.29
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Financieringen B.V., as amended, dated December 27, 1999.

1.30
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Fined B.V., as amended, dated June 21, 2002.

1.31
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann II B.V., as amended, dated January 28, 2003.

1.32
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann International B.V., as amended, dated June 28, 2000.

1.33
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Nederland B.V., as amended, dated January 27, 2000.

1.34
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V., as amended, dated July 4, 2002.

1.35
 
Articles of Association of Tetterode-Nederland B.V., as amended, dated October 27, 1999.

1.36
 
Articles of Association of Veenman B.V., as amended, dated April 1, 2003.

1.37
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V., as amended, dated April 23, 2002.

1.38
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., as amended, dated May 6, 2004.

1.39
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Luxembourg, Sarl, as amended, dated July 24, 2002.

‡4.1
 
Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2004 for the 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 among Buhrmann US Inc., as issuer, Buhrmann NV and the other guarantors listed therein and The Bank of New York, as trustee.

‡4.2
 
Form of 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 (included in exhibit 4.1)

*4.3
 
Indenture, dated as of October 29, 1999 for the 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 among Buhrmann US Inc., as issuer, Buhrmann NV and the other guarantors listed therein and The Bank of New York, as trustee.

‡4.4
 
Form of 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 (included in exhibit 4.3)

‡4.5
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2004, for the 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 among Buhrmann US Inc., Buhrmann NV, each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc, BNP Paribas Securities Corp, and ING Bank, N.V.

*4.6
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 29, 1999, for the 121/4 % Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 among Buhrmann US Inc, Buhrmann NV and the other guarantors listed therein and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Paribas Corporation and ABN AMRO Incorporated.

*4.7
 
Guarantee of the 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009, dated October 29, 1999 among the German Guarantors listed therein.

††4.8
 
Terms and conditions of the 2.00% Guaranteed Convertible Subordinated Bonds due 2010.

‡5.1
 
Opinion of Latham & Watkins

‡5.2
 
Opinion of Heidi van der Kooij, General Counsel and Company Secretary of Buhrmann, N.V.

‡5.3
 
Opinion of Thomas Cullen, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Corporate Express, Inc.

‡5.4
 
Opinion of Allen & Overy, Belgium
     

II-10


5.5
 
Opinion of Allen & Overy, Luxembourg

*10.1
 
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 3, 1999 by and between Buhrmann NV, Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners IV, L.P. and Bain Capital Fund VI, L.P.

*10.2
 
Amendment No. 1 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated October 26, 1999 among Buhrmann NV, Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners IV, L.P. and Bain Capital Fund VI, L.P.

*10.3
 
Purchase Agreement, dated October 26, 1999 for the 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 by and among Buhrmann NV, Buhrmann US Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Paribas Corporation and ABN AMRO Incorporated as initial purchasers.

**10.4
 
Distributor Agreement, dated December 10, 2002 between Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft (Heidelberg) and Buhrmann NV, effective as of July 1, 2003.

†10.5
 
Deposit Agreement, dated as of December 21, 1993, Amended and Restated as of September 20, 2001 by and among Buhrmann NV and The Bank of New York as Depositary and Owners and Holders of American Depositary Receipts.

**10.6
 
Form of employment contract for Members of the Executive Board.

**10.7
 
Dutch Master Receivables Purchase Agreement, amended and restated on July 18, 2002 between Buhrmann-Ubbens BV, Proost and Brandt BV, Buhrmann Silver S.A, Silver Securitisation B.V., Deutsche Trustee Company Limited and Buhrmann NV

††10.8
 
New US Originator Accession Agreement, dated April 16, 2003, between ASAP Software Expres, Inc. and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited and Buhrmann NV

††10.9
 
New Dutch Originator Accession Agreement, dated April 16, 2003, between Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V. and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

††10.10
 
Onward Dutch Receivables Re-Purchase Agreement, dated October 31, 2003, between Buhrmann Silver S.A., Buhrmann Ubbens B.V., Proost and Brandt B.V. and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

**10.11
 
US Contribution Agreement, amended and restated on July 18, 2002, between Corporate Express Office Products, Inc., Corporate Express of Texas, Inc., Buhrmann Silver US LLC, Buhrmann NV and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

**10.12
 
English Originator Notice of Intention to Make Offers to Sell, given on July 18, 2002, by Robert Horne Group PLC, The Howard Smith Paper Group Limited and The M6 Paper Group Limited to Buhrmann Silver S.A.

††10.13
 
European Receivables Warehouse Company Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated October 31, 2003, between Buhrmann Silver S.A., Horne Group PLC, The Howard Smith Paper Group Limited, The M6 Paper Group Limited and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

**10.14
 
Master Definitions and Framework Deed, amended and restated July 18, 2002 between various parties in the securitization program.

**10.15
 
English Standard Terms and Conditions, amended and restated July 18, 2002 between various parties in the securitization program.

††10.16
 
Master Deed of Release and Termination, dated October 31, 2003, between various parties in the Securitsation Programme.
     

II-11


††10.17
 
Agreement for the sale and purchase of the Paper Merchanting Division of Buhrmann NV, dated September 8, 2003 between Buhrmann NV and PaperlinX Limited.

‡10.18
 
Senior Facilities Agreement, dated December 23, 2003, between Buhrmann NV, as Parent, Buhrmann US Inc., as Borrower, various Guarantors, Deutsche Bank AG London and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Arrangers, Deutsche Bank AG London, as Agent, Deutsche Bank AG London, as Security Trustee, and various Lenders, as amended.

‡12.1
 
Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.

††21.1
 
List of significant Subsidiaries of Buhrmann NV.

‡23.1
 
Consent of Latham & Watkins (included in exhibit 5.1).

‡23.2
 
Consent of Heidi van der Kooij, General Counsel and Company Secretary of Buhrmann, N.V. (included in exhibit 5.2).

‡23.3
 
Consent of Thomas Cullen, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Corporate Express, Inc. (included in exhibit 5.3).

‡23.4
 
Consent of Allen & Overy, Belgium (included in exhibit 5.4).

‡23.5
 
Consent of Allen & Overy, Luxembourg (included in exhibit 5.5).

23.6
 
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V.

‡24.1
 
Powers of Attorney (included in the signature pages to this registration statement).

‡25.1
 
Statement of Eligibility of Trustee with respect to 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014.

‡99.1
 
Form of Letter of Transmittal, with respect to the exchange offer.

‡99.2
 
Form of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery, with respect to the old notes and the exchange notes.

‡99.3
 
Form of Letter to DTC Participants.

‡99.4
 
Form of Letter to Beneficial Holders.

‡99.5
 
Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9.
*
Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement of Buhrmann NV on Form F-4, dated March 31, 2000, File No. 333-11768.

**
Incorporated by reference to Annual Report of Buhrmann NV on Form 20-F, dated. June 27, 2003, File No. 001-16663.

†
Incorporated by reference to Post Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Form F-6 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2001.

††
Incorporated by reference to Annual Report of Buhrmann NV on Form 20-F, dated June 21, 2004, File No. 001-16663.

‡
Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-117584) filed July 22, 2004.

(b)
Financial Statement Schedules

        All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions, are inapplicable or not

II-12


material, or the information called for thereby is otherwise included in the financial statements and therefore has been omitted.

Item 22. Undertakings.

        Each of the undersigned registrants hereby undertakes:

(1)
to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: (i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement (notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of a prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement); and (iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

(2)
that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

(3)
to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering; and

(4)
if such registrant is a foreign private issuer, to file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Section 3-19 of Regulation S-X at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering.

        Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 20 above, or otherwise, each of the registrants has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, each of the registrants will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

        Each of the undersigned registrants hereby undertakes:

(1)
to respond to requests for information that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus pursuant to Items 4, 10(b), 11, or 13 of Form F-4, within one business day of receipt of such request, and to send the incorporated documents by first class mail or other equally prompt means (this includes information contained in documents filed subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement through the date of responding to the request); and

II-13

(2)
to arrange or provide for a facility in the U.S. for the purpose of responding to such requests.

        Each of the undersigned registrants hereby undertakes to supply by means of a post-effective amendment all information concerning a transaction, and the company being acquired involved therein, that was not the subject of and included in the registration statement when it became effective.

II-14


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN US INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark Hoffman
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Frans Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Floris Waller        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-1


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN N.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Director

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Chief Financial Officer and Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
G. Dean        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
M.S. Hoffman        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-2


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN FINANCIERINGEN B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J. Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
G. Dean        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
M.S. Hoffman        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-3


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN FINED B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J. Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
G. Dean        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
M.S. Hoffman        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-4


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN II B.V.

 
By:
 
Buhrmann Nederland B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J. Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
G. Dean        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
M.S. Hoffman        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-5


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN INTERNATIONAL B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J. Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
G. Dean        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
M.S. Hoffman        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-6


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN NEDERLAND B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J. Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
G. Dean        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
M.S. Hoffman        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-7


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN NEDERLAND HOLDING B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.H.J. Koffrie
     
      Name: F.H.J. Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ C.M. Thomas
     
      Name: C.M. Thomas
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
F.H.J. Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
C.M. Thomas        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
R.F. Majenburg        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-8


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  TETTERODE-NEDERLAND B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ J.P. Wijn
     
      Name: J.P. Wijn
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ H.B. Albers
     
      Name: H.B. Albers
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
J.P. Wijn        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
H.B. Albers        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-9


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Capelle a/d IJssel, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  VEENMAN B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ E.S. Annema
     
      Name: E.S. Annema
Title: Director

 
By:
 
Corporate Express Europe BV
Title: Director

 
By: its Directors

 
 
 
/s/ R.F. Majenburg
     
      Name: R.F. Majenburg
Title: Director, Corporate Express Europe BV

 
 
 
/s/ P.C van Alem
     
      Name: P.C. van Alem
Title: Director, Corporate Express Europe BV

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
E.S. Annema        

Corporate Express Europe BV
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004

By its Directors:
 
 
 
 

*
 
Director, Corporate Express Europe BV
 
September 7, 2004
       
R.F. Majenburg        

*
 
Director, Corporate Express Europe BV
 
September 7, 2004
       
P.C. van Alem        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-10


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN OFFICE PRODUCTS NEDERLAND B.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ H. Vanhoe
     
      Name: H. Vanhoe
Title: Director

 
By:
 
Corporate Express Europe BV
Title: Director

 
By: its Directors

 
 
 
/s/ R.F. Majenburg
     
      Name: R.F. Majenburg
Title: Director, Corporate Express Europe BV

 
 
 
/s/ P.C. van Alem
     
      Name: P.C. van Alem
Title: Director, Corporate Express Europe BV

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
H. Vanhoe        

Corporate Express Europe BV
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004

By its Directors:
 
 
 
 

*
 
Director, Corporate Express Europe BV
 
September 7, 2004
       
R.F. Majenburg        

*
 
Director, Corporate Express Europe BV
 
September 7, 2004
       
P.C. van Alem        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-11


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the country of Belgium on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN EUROPCENTER N.V.

 
By:
 
/s/ R. Hoving
     
      Name: R. Hoving
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ C. Bangma
     
      Name: C. Bangma
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
R. Hoving        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
C. Bangma        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
F.F. Waller        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-12


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the country of Luxembourg on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN LUXEMBOURG S.A.R.L.

 
By:
 
/s/ F.F. Waller
     
      Name: F.F. Waller
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ C. Bangma
     
      Name: C. Bangma
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Director   September 7, 2004
       
R. Hoving        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
C. Bangma        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-13


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  ASAP SOFTWARE EXPRESS, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark Hoffman        

*
Gordon Glover
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
September 7, 2004

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-14


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BTOP USA CORP.

 
By:
 
/s/ Frans Koffrie
     
      Name: Frans Koffrie
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ Floris Waller
     
      Name: Floris Waller
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ Heidi van der Kooij
     
      Name: Heidi van der Kooij
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Director   September 7, 2004
       
Frans Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Floris Waller        

/s/ Heidi van der Kooij
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Heidi van der Kooij        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-15


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BTOPI HOLDING (U.S.)

 
By:
 
BTOP USA CORP., its General Partner

 
By:
 
/s/ Frans Koffrie
     
      Name: Frans Koffrie
Title: Director, BTOP USA Corp.

 
By:
 
/s/ Floris Waller
     
      Name: Floris Waller
Title: Director, BTOP USA Corp.

 
By:
 
/s/ Heidi van der Kooij
     
      Name: Heidi van der Kooij
Title: Director, BTOP USA Corp.

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Director, BTOP USA Corp.
 
September 7, 2004
       
Frans Koffrie        

*
 
Director, BTOP USA Corp.
 
September 7, 2004
       
Floris Waller        

/s/ Heidi van der Kooij
 
Director, BTOP USA Corp.
 
September 7, 2004
       
Heidi van der Kooij        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-16


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands on September 7, 2004.

  BUHRMANN SWAPS, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Cornelis Bangma
     
      Name: Cornelis Bangma
Title: Director

 
By:
 
/s/ Floris Waller
     
      Name: Floris Waller
Title: Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer   September 7, 2004
       
Frans Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Floris Waller        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Cornelis Bangma        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-17


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CORPORATE EXPRESS DOCUMENT & PRINT MANAGEMENT, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*
Mark S. Hoffman		   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004

*
Gordon Glover
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Officer Vice President
 
September 7, 2004

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-18


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CORPORATE EXPRESS OFFICE PRODUCTS, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   President and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-19


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CE PHILADELPHIA REAL ESTATE, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-20


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CORPORATE EXPRESS PROMOTIONAL MARKETING, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-21


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CORPORATE EXPRESS REAL ESTATE, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-22


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CORPORATE EXPRESS OF TEXAS, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: President and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-23


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  CORPORATE EXPRESS, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Frans Koffrie        

*
 
Director
 
September 7, 2004
       
Floris Waller        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-24


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  LICENSE TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-25


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.

  MOORE LABELS, INC.

 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

*   Chief Executive Officer and Sole Director   September 7, 2004
       
Mark S. Hoffman        

*
 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
 
September 7, 2004
       
Gordon Glover        

*
 
Vice President and Controller
 
September 7, 2004
       
John Brenholt        

*By:
/s/  HEIDI VAN DER KOOIJ      
Heidi van der Kooij
 as Attorney-in-Fact

S-26


SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized represenatative in the United States of Buhrmann N.V., Buhrmann Financieringen B.V., Buhrmann Fined B.V., Buhrmann II B.V., Buhrmann International B.V., Buhrmann Nederland B.V., Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V., Tetterode-Nederland B.V., Veenman B.V., Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V., Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., and Buhrmann Luxembourg, Sarl has signed this Registration Statement in the city of Broomfield, Colorado on September 7, 2004.


 
By:
 
/s/ Mark S. Hoffman
     
      Name: Mark S. Hoffman
Title: Chief Executive Officer, Corporate Express, Inc.

S-27


 EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.
   Description of Exhibit
††1.1   Articles of Association of Buhrmann NV, as amended, dated May 6, 2004.

1.2
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Buhrmann US Inc., as amdended, December 2, 2002.

1.3
 
By-Laws of Buhrmann US Inc.

1.4
 
Articles of Incorporation of A.S.A.P. Software Express, Inc., as amended, Novemeber 14, 1995.

1.5
 
By-Laws of A.S.A.P. Software Express, Inc.

1.6
 
Certificate of Incorporation of BTOP USA Corp., December 31, 1998.

1.7
 
By-Laws of BTOP USA Corp.

1.8
 
Statement of Partnership Existence for BTOPI Holding (U.S.), December 19, 2002.

1.9
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Buhrmann Swaps, Inc., October 8, 1999.

1.10
 
By-Laws of Buhrmann Swaps, Inc.

1.11
 
Articles of Incorporation of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc., as amended, October 14, 1998.

1.12
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Document & Print Management, Inc.

1.13
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express Office Products, Inc., as amended, July 20, 1998.

1.14
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Office Products, Inc.

1.15
 
Certificate of Incorporation of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc., February 4, 1999.

1.16
 
By-Laws of CE Philadelphia Real Estate, Inc.

1.17
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express Promotional Marketing, Inc., March 27, 1990.

1.18
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Promotional Marketing.

1.19
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc., November 8, 1995.

1.20
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express Real Estate, Inc.

1.21
 
Certificate of Incorporation of Corporate Express of Texas, Inc., February 20, 1995.

1.22
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express of Texas, Inc.

1.23
 
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Corporate Express, Inc., October 28, 1999.

1.24
 
By-Laws of Corporate Express, Inc.

1.25
 
Certificate of Incorporation of License Technologies Group, Inc., June 14, 2000.

1.26
 
By-Laws of License Technologies Group, Inc.

1.27
 
Articles of Incorporation of Moore Labels, Inc., December 28, 1976.

1.28
 
By-Laws of Moore Labels, Inc.

1.29
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Financieringen B.V., as amended, dated December 27, 1999.
     

E-1


1.30
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Fined B.V., as amended, dated June 21, 2002.

1.31
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann II B.V., as amended, dated January 28, 2003.

1.32
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann International B.V., as amended, dated June 28, 2000.

1.33
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Nederland B.V., as amended, dated January 27, 2000.

1.34
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Nederland Holding B.V., as amended, dated July 4, 2002.

1.35
 
Articles of Association of Tetterode-Nederland B.V., as amended, dated October 27, 1999.

1.36
 
Articles of Association of Veenman B.V., as amended, dated April 1, 2003.

1.37
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V., as amended, dated April 23, 2002.

1.38
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Europcenter N.V., as amended, dated May 6, 2004.

1.39
 
Articles of Association of Buhrmann Luxembourg, Sarl, as amended, dated July 24, 2002.

‡4.1
 
Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2004 for the 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 among Buhrmann US Inc., as issuer, Buhrmann NV and the other guarantors listed therein and The Bank of New York, as trustee.

‡4.2
 
Form of 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 (included in exhibit 4.1)

*4.3
 
Indenture, dated as of October 29, 1999 for the 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 among Buhrmann US Inc., as issuer, Buhrmann NV and the other guarantors listed therein and The Bank of New York, as trustee.

‡4.4
 
Form of 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 (included in exhibit 4.3)

‡4.5
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2004, for the 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 among Buhrmann US Inc., Buhrmann NV, each of the subsidiary guarantors listed therein, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc, BNP Paribas Securities Corp, and ING Bank, N.V.

*4.6
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 29, 1999, for the 121/4 % Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 among Buhrmann US Inc, Buhrmann NV and the other guarantors listed therein and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Paribas Corporation and ABN AMRO Incorporated.

*4.7
 
Guarantee of the 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009, dated October 29, 1999 among the German Guarantors listed therein.

††4.8
 
Terms and conditions of the 2.00% Guaranteed Convertible Subordinated Bonds due 2010.

‡5.1
 
Opinion of Latham & Watkins

‡5.2
 
Opinion of Heidi van der Kooij, General Counsel and Company Secretary of Buhrmann, N.V.

‡5.3
 
Opinion of Thomas Cullen, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Corporate Express, Inc.

‡5.4
 
Opinion of Allen & Overy, Belgium

‡5.5
 
Opinion of Allen & Overy, Luxembourg
     

E-2


*10.1
 
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 3, 1999 by and between Buhrmann NV, Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners IV, L.P. and Bain Capital Fund VI, L.P.

*10.2
 
Amendment No. 1 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated October 26, 1999 among Buhrmann NV, Apollo Investment Fund IV, L.P., Apollo Overseas Partners IV, L.P. and Bain Capital Fund VI, L.P.

*10.3
 
Purchase Agreement, dated October 26, 1999 for the 121/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 by and among Buhrmann NV, Buhrmann US Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Paribas Corporation and ABN AMRO Incorporated as initial purchasers.

**10.4
 
Distributor Agreement, dated December 10, 2002 between Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft (Heidelberg) and Buhrmann NV, effective as of July 1, 2003.

†10.5
 
Deposit Agreement, dated as of December 21, 1993, Amended and Restated as of September 20, 2001 by and among Buhrmann NV and The Bank of New York as Depositary and Owners and Holders of American Depositary Receipts.

**10.6
 
Form of employment contract for Members of the Executive Board.

**10.7
 
Dutch Master Receivables Purchase Agreement, amended and restated on July 18, 2002 between Buhrmann-Ubbens BV, Proost and Brandt BV, Buhrmann Silver S.A, Silver Securitisation B.V., Deutsche Trustee Company Limited and Buhrmann NV

††10.8
 
New US Originator Accession Agreement, dated April 16, 2003, between ASAP Software Expres, Inc. and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited and Buhrmann NV

††10.9
 
New Dutch Originator Accession Agreement, dated April 16, 2003, between Buhrmann Office Products Nederland B.V. and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

††10.10
 
Onward Dutch Receivables Re-Purchase Agreement, dated October 31, 2003, between Buhrmann Silver S.A., Buhrmann Ubbens B.V., Proost and Brandt B.V. and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

**10.11
 
US Contribution Agreement, amended and restated on July 18, 2002, between Corporate Express Office Products, Inc., Corporate Express of Texas, Inc., Buhrmann Silver US LLC, Buhrmann NV and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

**10.12
 
English Originator Notice of Intention to Make Offers to Sell, given on July 18, 2002, by Robert Horne Group PLC, The Howard Smith Paper Group Limited and The M6 Paper Group Limited to Buhrmann Silver S.A.

††10.13
 
European Receivables Warehouse Company Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated October 31, 2003, between Buhrmann Silver S.A., Horne Group PLC, The Howard Smith Paper Group Limited, The M6 Paper Group Limited and Deutsche Trustee Company Limited.

**10.14
 
Master Definitions and Framework Deed, amended and restated July 18, 2002 between various parties in the securitization program.

**10.15
 
English Standard Terms and Conditions, amended and restated July 18, 2002 between various parties in the securitization program.

††10.16
 
Master Deed of Release and Termination, dated October 31, 2003, between various parties in the Securitsation Programme.

††10.17
 
Agreement for the sale and purchase of the Paper Merchanting Division of Buhrmann NV, dated September 8, 2003 between Buhrmann NV and PaperlinX Limited.
     

E-3


‡10.18
 
Senior Facilities Agreement, dated December 23, 2003, between Buhrmann NV, as Parent, Buhrmann US Inc., as Borrower, various Guarantors, Deutsche Bank AG London and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Arrangers, Deutsche Bank AG London, as Agent, Deutsche Bank AG London, as Security Trustee, and various Lenders, as amended.

‡12.1
 
Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.

††21.1
 
List of significant Subsidiaries of Buhrmann NV.

‡23.1
 
Consent of Latham & Watkins (included in exhibit 5.1).

‡23.2
 
Consent of Heidi van der Kooij, General Counsel and Company Secretary of Buhrmann, N.V. (included in exhibit 5.2).

‡23.3
 
Consent of Thomas Cullen, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Corporate Express, Inc. (included in exhibit 5.3).

‡23.4
 
Consent of Allen & Overy, Belgium (included in exhibit 5.4).

‡23.5
 
Consent of Allen & Overy, Luxembourg (included in exhibit 5.5).

23.6
 
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V.

‡24.1
 
Powers of Attorney (included in the signature pages to this registration statement).

‡25.1
 
Statement of Eligibility of Trustee with respect to 81/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014.

‡99.1
 
Form of Letter of Transmittal, with respect to the exchange offer.

‡99.2
 
Form of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery, with respect to the old notes and the exchange notes.

‡99.3
 
Form of Letter to DTC Participants.

‡99.4
 
Form of Letter to Beneficial Holders.

‡99.5
 
Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9.
*
Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement of Buhrmann NV on Form F-4, dated March 31, 2000, File No. 333-11768.

**
Incorporated by reference to Annual Report of Buhrmann NV on Form 20-F, dated. June 27, 2003, File No. 001-16663.

†
Incorporated by reference to Post Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Form F-6 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2001.

††
Incorporated by reference to Annual Report of Buhrmann NV on Form 20-F, dated June 21, 2004, File No. 001-16663.

‡
Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-117584) filed July 22, 2004.

E-4



QuickLinks

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
Our Company
Our Strengths
Our Strategy
Risks Associated With Our Strategy
The Refinancing
Our Corporate Structure
The Offering of the Old Notes
Summary of the Exchange Offer
Summary of the Exchange Notes
Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Data
RISK FACTORS
CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
MARKET SHARE, RANKING AND OTHER DATA
PRESENTATION OF OUR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION
USE OF PROCEEDS
CAPITALIZATION
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2004
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2003
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2004
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
BUSINESS
DIVISIONAL OVERVIEW
MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN INDEBTEDNESS
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
THE EXCHANGE OFFER
BOOK-ENTRY, DELIVERY AND FORM
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
LEGAL MATTERS
EXPERTS
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Buhrmann N.V. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (Unaudited)
Buhrmann N.V. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 (Unaudited)
Buhrmann N.V. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (Unaudited)
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Buhrmann N.V. Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
Buhrmann N.V. Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 (before appropriation of net result)
Buhrmann N.V. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
Buhrmann N.V. Consolidated Statements of Group Equity for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Buhrmann N.V. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
SIGNATURES
SIGNATURES
SIGNATURES
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SIGNATURES
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SIGNATURES
SIGNATURES
SIGNATURES
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
EXHIBIT INDEX