UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 000-50767

CRITICAL THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(781) 402-5700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

(Title of Class)

     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes o         No þ

     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes o         No þ

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes þ         No o

     Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    o

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o         Accelerated filer þ         Non-accelerated filer o

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes o         No þ

     The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2005, was approximately $90,619,000, based on $7.02, the price at which the registrant’s common stock was last sold on that date.

     As of February 28, 2006, the registrant had 34,137,359 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

     Specified portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for the registrant’s 2006 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on April 25, 2006, which are expected to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

CRITICAL THERAPEUTICS, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT

ON FORM 10-K

INDEX

PART I

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

      This annual report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act. For this purpose, any statements contained herein regarding possible therapeutic benefits and market acceptance of ZYFLO^® (zileuton tablets), the progress and timing of our drug development programs and related trials and the efficacy of our drug candidates, our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements made under the provisions of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We may, in some cases, use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including our “critical accounting estimates” and risks relating to: the extent of market acceptance of ZYFLO; our ability to maintain regulatory approval to market and sell ZYFLO; our ability to develop and maintain the necessary sales, marketing, distribution and manufacturing capabilities to commercialize ZYFLO; patient, physician and third-party payor acceptance of ZYFLO as a safe and effective therapeutic product; adverse side effects experienced by patients taking ZYFLO; the results of preclinical studies and clinical trials with respect to our products under development and whether such results will be indicative of results obtained in later clinical trials; the timing and success of submission, acceptance and approval of regulatory filings, including the new drug application for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton; our heavy dependence on the commercial success of ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton; our ability to obtain the substantial additional funding required to conduct our research, development and commercialization activities; our dependence on our strategic collaboration with MedImmune, Inc.; and our ability to obtain, maintain and enforce patent and other intellectual property protection for ZYFLO, our discoveries and drug candidates. These and other risks are described in greater detail below under Item 1A — Risk Factors. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In addition, any forward-looking statements in this annual report represent our views only as of the date of this annual report and should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements publicly at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

Overview

      Critical Therapeutics, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of products designed to treat respiratory, inflammatory and critical care diseases through the regulation of the body’s inflammatory response. The inflammatory response occurs within the body’s immune system following stimuli such as infection or trauma. Our marketed product is ZYFLO^®, a tablet formulation of zileuton, which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved in 1996 for the prevention and chronic treatment of asthma. We licensed from Abbott Laboratories exclusive worldwide rights to ZYFLO and other formulations of zileuton for multiple diseases and conditions. We have completed the process of validating new manufacturing sites for ZYFLO, and the FDA approved our supplemental new drug application, or sNDA, on September 28, 2005. We began selling ZYFLO in the United States in October 2005. In addition, we believe that zileuton has potential therapeutic benefits in a range of other diseases and conditions, such as acute asthma exacerbations, chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease, or COPD, and nasal polyposis. We are currently incurring costs to expand our applications of zileuton through development of additional formulations, including controlled-release and intravenous formulations.

      We are also developing product candidates to regulate the excessive inflammatory response that can damage vital internal organs and, in the most severe cases, result in multiple organ failure and death.

      We were incorporated in Delaware on July 14, 2000. Since our inception, we have incurred significant losses each year. As of December 31, 2005, we had an accumulated deficit of $105.6 million. We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future and we may never achieve profitability. Although the size and timing of our future operating losses are subject to significant uncertainty, we expect our operating losses to continue over the next several years as we fund our development programs, market and sell ZYFLO and prepare for the potential commercial launch of our product candidates. Since inception, we have raised proceeds to fund our operations through our initial public offering of common stock, private placements of equity securities, debt financings, the receipt of interest income, payments from our collaborators MedImmune and Beckman Coulter, and, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2005, revenues from sales of ZYFLO.

Our Strategy

      Our goal is to become a leading biopharmaceutical company focused on developing therapeutics to treat respiratory, inflammatory and critical care diseases through the regulation of the body’s inflammatory response. The key elements of our strategy are to:

Our Product Pipeline

      The following table sets forth the current status of our product candidates in development and our research and development programs:

Zileuton

      We acquired from Abbott exclusive worldwide rights to develop and market ZYFLO and other formulations of zileuton for multiple diseases and conditions. ZYFLO, a tablet formulation of zileuton, is

an FDA-approved product for the prevention and chronic treatment of asthma that was developed and previously sold by Abbott. The FDA approved our sNDA for ZYFLO on September 28, 2005 and we began selling ZYFLO in the United States in late October 2005.

      Zileuton blocks the activity of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, which is the main enzyme responsible for formation of a family of lipids known as leukotrienes. There are many different leukotrienes, and the mechanism of action of ZYFLO blocks production of the entire leukotriene family. Leukotrienes are in part responsible for the inflammatory response associated with asthma and are known to cause many of the biological effects that contribute to inflammation, mucus production and closing of the lung airways of asthmatic patients. Leukotrienes are also implicated in the disturbance of normal lung airway function in certain other diseases, including COPD. ZYFLO is the only FDA-approved product that blocks the activity of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme.

      Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by the narrowing of the lung airways, making breathing difficult. An asthma attack leaves the victim gasping for breath as the airways become constricted, inflamed and clogged with thick, sticky secretions. Severe asthma attacks can be life threatening and, according to the American Lung Association, approximately two million hospital emergency room visits in 2002 in the United States involved severe asthma attacks, of which approximately 484,000 resulted in hospitalization. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 20 million people in the United States had asthma in 2002. According to the National Institute of Health, the direct healthcare costs associated with treating asthma in the United States reached an estimated $11.5 billion in 2003.

      There is no one ideal treatment for asthma and there is no cure. Currently, patients are treated with a combination of products that are designed primarily to manage their disease symptoms by opening the airways in the lungs and reducing inflammation. Typical treatments include bronchodilatory drugs, such as Serevent^®, leukotriene receptor antagonists, or LTRAs, such as Singulair^®, inhaled corticosteroids, such as Flovent^® and combination products such as Advair^®, which is a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a bronchodilator. We believe many prescribing physicians are dissatisfied with the treatment options available for patients with uncontrolled or severe, persistent asthma due to the inability of these treatments to control symptoms reliably. As a result, these patients, who we believe constitute approximately 20% of the asthma population, often have severe asthma attacks requiring emergency room visits and, in many cases, further hospitalization to stabilize airway function. Despite the approval and launch in 2004 of Xolair^® to treat severe allergic asthma, we believe patients with severe asthma remain underserved and in need of effective medication.

      We believe that many patients with asthma may benefit from therapy with zileuton. Zileuton actively inhibits the main enzyme responsible for the production of a broad spectrum of lipids responsible for the symptoms associated with asthma, including all leukotrienes. We are marketing ZYFLO as a treatment for asthma patients who do not gain adequate symptomatic control from currently available medications.

      ZYFLO is the only 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor drug to be approved for marketing by the FDA. In 1996, ZYFLO was approved by the FDA as an immediate-release, four-times-a-day tablet for the prevention and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children 12 years of age and older. ZYFLO was first launched in the United States in 1997. The FDA approved our sNDA for ZYFLO on September 28, 2005, and we began selling ZYFLO in the United States in October 2005. We recognized $387,000 in revenue from sales of ZYFLO for the year ended December 31, 2005.

      Dr. Paul Rubin, our President and Chief Executive Officer, led the development of ZYFLO while he was employed by Abbott. The full clinical development program for ZYFLO consisted of 21 safety and

efficacy trials in an aggregate of approximately 3,000 patients with asthma. FDA approval was based on pivotal three-month and six-month safety and efficacy clinical trials in 774 asthma patients. The pivotal trials compared patients taking ZYFLO and their rescue bronchodilators as needed to patients taking placebo and rescue bronchodilators as needed. The results of the group taking ZYFLO and their rescue bronchodilators showed:

      Our post hoc analysis of the data suggested there was a greater airway response benefit in asthma patients with less than 50% of expected airway function, and a six-fold decrease in steroid rescues in these patients compared to placebo.

      In these placebo-controlled clinical trials, 1.9% of patients taking ZYFLO experienced an increase in the liver enzyme alanine transaminase, or ALT, to greater than three times the level normally seen in the bloodstream compared to 0.2% of patients receiving placebo. These enzyme levels resolved or returned towards normal in both the patients who continued and those who discontinued the therapy.

      In addition, prior to FDA approval, a long-term, safety surveillance trial was conducted in 2,947 patients. In this safety trial, 4.6% of patients taking ZYFLO experienced ALT levels greater than three times the level normally seen in the bloodstream compared to 1.1% of patients receiving placebo. In 61.0% of the patients with ALT levels greater than three times the level normally seen in the bloodstream, the elevation was seen in the first two months of dosing. After two months of treatment, the rate of ALT levels greater than three times the level normally seen in the bloodstream stabilized at an average of 0.3% per month for patients taking a combination of ZYFLO and their usual asthma medications compared to 0.11% per month for patients taking a combination of placebo and their usual asthma medications. This trial also demonstrated that ALT levels returned to below two times the level normally seen in the bloodstream in both the patients who continued and those who discontinued the therapy. The overall rate of patients with ALT levels greater than three times the level normally seen in the bloodstream was 3.2% in the approximately 5,000 patients who received ZYFLO in placebo-controlled and open-label trials combined. In these trials, one patient developed symptomatic hepatitis with jaundice, which resolved upon discontinuation of therapy, and three patients developed mild elevations in the protein bilirubin.

      After reviewing the data from these trials, the FDA approved ZYFLO in 1996 on the basis of the data submitted and we are not aware of any reports of ZYFLO being directly associated with serious liver damage in patients treated with ZYFLO since its approval.

      We believe that the controlled-release formulation of zileuton that we are developing will be more convenient for patients because of its twice-a-day dosing regimen, as compared to ZYFLO’s current four-times-a-day dosing regimen, and may increase patient drug compliance. Abbott completed Phase III clinical trials for this formulation in asthma, but did not submit a new drug application, or NDA. Based upon data provided to us, we believe this decision was not based upon the clinical efficacy or safety data generated during the program. We expect to submit an NDA based on safety and efficacy data generated from the two completed Phase III clinical trials, a three-month efficacy trial and a six-month safety and efficacy trial. The study reports prepared by Abbott for these clinical trials showed:

      We are currently completing the full analysis of the safety and efficacy data generated in the Abbott trials for our NDA submission. We believe that this clinical development package will be sufficient to support the submission in mid-2006 of an NDA for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton for asthma. However, before we can submit the NDA, we must receive satisfactory comparative bioavailability data from two clinical trials in healthy volunteers designed to show that our manufactured tablets behave similarly in the body to the tablets that had been manufactured by Abbott. These studies have been completed in the clinic and we are awaiting completion of the analysis of the blood samples generated in the studies. Once these data are known and we complete six months of stability assessment, we believe we will be able to submit the NDA in mid-2006. In May 2005, we held a pre-NDA meeting with the FDA, during which the FDA informed us that new review guidance issued in April 2005 limits its ability to accept additional data during the NDA review process. Our strategy has been to file the NDA with six months of stability data and provide additional stability data during the NDA review period. We will continue to work with the FDA to explore what options may be available to us regarding a submission based on an initial six months of stability data. If the FDA requires nine or twelve months of stability data in the original NDA, this could delay our NDA submission for the product candidate by three to six months, depending upon the outcome of discussions with the FDA close to the planned time of filing.

      We have developed a new intravenous formulation of zileuton for use in severe acute asthma attacks. In 2002, according to the American Lung Association, approximately two million hospital emergency room visits in the United States involved severe asthma attacks, of which approximately 484,000 resulted in hospitalization. Currently, most patients suffering severe asthma attacks are treated with bronchodilators inhaled via a nebulizer, typically for 20 minutes or more. Nebulizers attempt to restore airway function by delivering the bronchodilatory drug to the bloodstream via the lungs. However, the patient’s ability to get the drug into his or her lungs may be impaired by his or her inability to breathe efficiently due to the severe asthma attack. Clinical data demonstrate that zileuton exhibits its maximum effect on lung function when the blood drug concentration reaches its peak level and that the effect can be achieved after a single oral dose of zileuton. We believe that an intravenous formulation of zileuton that would deliver zileuton directly to the bloodstream would have a rapid onset of action, reaching peak blood concentration within minutes of the injection. We believe that this rapid delivery of the drug to the patient’s bloodstream may lead to more rapid symptom improvements, and potentially reduce the number of hospital admissions of patients arriving in the emergency room suffering from a severe asthma attack.

      In February 2006, we initiated a Phase I/ II clinical trial of an intravenous formulation of zileuton in patients with asthma. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is designed to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of four different doses of zileuton in an intravenous formulation. The trial is also designed to assess the dose response effect of zileuton on lung function in patients with only 40% to 80% of predicted normal lung function. The first patient was dosed on February 7, 2006 and we anticipate completing the trial by the third quarter of 2006.

      We have built an integrated marketing, managed care and sales infrastructure to support our commercialization of ZYFLO in the United States, which was launched in October 2005. Based on our experience with ZYFLO, we expect this marketing and sales team will develop the positioning and strategies to launch, market and promote the controlled-release formulation of zileuton that we are currently developing for the treatment of asthma. We believe that by targeting respiratory disease specialists, including allergists and pulmonologists, who treat a high proportion of asthma patients, rather than extending our sales reach to primary care physicians, we can successfully promote ZYFLO with an initial sales force of fewer than 100 sales representatives in the United States. We had a sales force of approximately 80 representatives as of February 28, 2006.

      We believe that there is a market opportunity for the use of ZYFLO as an add-on therapy option for patients whose asthma symptoms are not adequately controlled with the use of inhaled corticosteroids and other conventional therapies. Our belief is based on information that we have gathered through extensive interactions with specialists and market research, including:

      In a market research study with 184 allergists and pulmonologists that we conducted in November 2004, 74% of respondents indicated an increased likelihood to prescribe zileuton for moderate to severe asthmatics after reviewing efficacy and safety data that we provided. Following the launch of ZYFLO in October 2005, we conducted additional market research with 95 previously detailed allergists and pulmonologists in December 2005 and January 2006 to assess the early impact of the launch promotional efforts of ZYFLO. This market research study included the following findings:

      As of February 3, 2006, prescription data indicated that most of the prescribers for ZYFLO appear to be new prescribers who did not prescribe ZYFLO in the 12 months ending September 30, 2003. We believe these data suggest that our sales force could effectively expand the use of ZYFLO to include physicians who did not previously prescribe ZYFLO. Prescription data for the 12 months ending September 30, 2003 revealed that a total of approximately 1,700 physicians had prescribed ZYFLO. Prescription data for the 16 weeks ending February 3, 2006 indicated that a total of approximately 1,000 physicians had prescribed ZYFLO for an aggregate of approximately 2,900 patients.

      We are positioning ZYFLO as a treatment for asthma patients who do not gain adequate control of their symptoms with other currently available medications. We are promoting ZYFLO to specialists who treat asthma and managed care decision makers. As part of our marketing strategy, we are attempting to educate key opinion leaders and physicians on the scientific data that differentiates the mechanism of action of ZYFLO from other asthma treatments and emphasize clinical data that show safety and efficacy for ZYFLO in asthma.

      We are also attempting to maximize patient and physician access to ZYFLO by addressing the position of ZYFLO on managed care formularies. We believe that in many managed care formularies, as a result of the previous lack of a sustained marketing effort, ZYFLO has been removed or relegated to third-tier status, which requires the highest co-pay for patients prescribed the product.

      If we successfully complete the development of, and receive regulatory approval for, the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, we will seek to convert prescribing and usage of ZYFLO to this formulation.

      We are exploring the therapeutic benefits of zileuton in treating a range of diseases and conditions, including acute asthma exacerbations, COPD and nasal polyposis. We are aware, for instance, of clinical data available in publications of clinical trials and individual patient case studies that indicate zileuton has shown efficacy in the treatment of nasal polyps and acne. We completed a small Phase II clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe inflammatory acne in 2005. Patients receiving zileuton showed positive responses to treatment and a trend toward significance in certain endpoints. However, the responses did not achieve statistical significance as compared to the responses seen by patients receiving placebo. In the trial, zileuton was found to be safe and well tolerated. The data suggested a positive trend toward significance in the more severe acne patients in the study. Although we may consider conducting a future evaluation of zileuton in more severe acne patients, we have no plans to conduct such a clinical trial in 2006.

      In each case, if we develop zileuton for one of these diseases or conditions, we will need to commence clinical development programs to generate sufficient information to obtain a regulatory label. We also intend to conduct additional trials in specific asthma patient populations, such as smoking asthmatics, to support the use of the product in the target markets.

Critical Care: The Inflammatory Response

      We are developing product candidates directed towards the inflammatory response that we believe is responsible for the single or multiple organ failures often seen in patients admitted to the emergency room or the intensive care unit, or ICU. Our product development programs in this area center on cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that play a key role in regulating the body’s immune system. We believe that the cytokine cascade is responsible for the severe inflammatory response seen in:

      In the setting of severe infection, trauma, severe bleeding or a lack of oxygen to the major organs of the body, the overproduction of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, can lead to organ failure, tissue destruction and, eventually, death. When cytokine levels become elevated, an excessive inflammatory response occurs that may potentially result in damage to vital internal organs and, in the most severe cases, may result in multiple organ failure and death. Many previous therapies directed at cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, or TNF, in acute diseases have failed in clinical development.

      The individual programs within our portfolio, while targeted toward the inflammatory response, exert their effects through different mechanisms of action. These programs include:

      We believe the probability of success of any one of our programs is not directly dependent upon the success or failure of any of our other programs. We believe our therapeutic approaches provide multiple opportunities for success and may increase the productivity of our research and development efforts. The programs we currently have directed towards the inflammatory response are as follows:

      We are developing a small molecule, CTI-01, that we believe may be effective in regulating the inflammatory response in addition to its known antioxidant activity. CTI-01 is currently under development for prevention of complications including organ damage resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass. In animal studies, CTI-01 has improved organ function or survival in a number of models of critical illness. In these studies, CTI-01 was effective when the drug was administered after disease onset, as well as in preventative administration when the drug was administered before disease onset. CTI-01 has demonstrated positive responses in animal models of restricted blood supply to the intestines, severe bleeding, overwhelming bacterial infection and acute intestinal injury.

      Scientific research suggests that CTI-01 inhibits the systemic release of a number of cytokines that play a fundamental role in the inflammatory response, including TNF and HMGB1. Many of these cytokines are responsible for the severe inflammatory response that contributes to organ damage. Research shows CTI-01 inhibits the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, the activation of a number of pro-inflammatory genes and the release of the late-acting cytokine HMGB1, both in vivo and in vitro.

      Our current formulation of CTI-01 is an intravenous infusion best administered in diseases and conditions that enable a central line to be utilized to deliver the drug to the patients’ bloodstream via a large vein. We believe this product candidate to be best suited for diseases and conditions with the inflammatory response as the underlying complication and where patients already have central lines inserted for medical care. CTI-01 is currently in development for the prevention of complications, including the damage to vital organs that can occur in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass, a procedure commonly performed during cardiothoracic surgery.

      In February 2005, we initiated a Phase II clinical trial to determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of CTI-01 in the prevention of organ damage in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery involving the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, such as coronary bypass graft and/or valve replacement or repair. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial is being conducted at multiple centers in the United States. We have enrolled 90 patients as of February 28, 2006, and we expect to complete enrollment by the middle of 2006. We have begun an interim safety analysis, which we expect to complete in the second quarter of 2006.

      We are evaluating mechanisms to prevent HMGB1 from effecting its role in inflammation-mediated diseases. HMGB1 has been identified as a potential late mediator of inflammation-induced tissue damage. Unlike other previously identified cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and TNF, HMGB1 is expressed much later in the inflammatory response and persists at elevated levels in the bloodstream for a longer time period and we believe therefore is a unique target for the development of products to treat inflammation-mediated diseases.

      In 2003, we entered into an exclusive license and collaboration agreement with MedImmune to jointly develop and commercialize products directed towards HMGB1. In January 2005, we entered into a collaboration with Beckman Coulter to develop a diagnostic assay that could be used to identify which patients have elevated levels of HMGB1 and would, therefore, be most likely to respond to anti-HMGB1 therapy.

      Our internal research programs are currently aimed at generating antibodies that can neutralize circulating HMGB1 prior to it binding to its receptor. We have developed in our laboratories monoclonal antibodies directed towards HMGB1 that are currently in preclinical development.

      We believe that HMGB1’s delayed and prolonged expression offers a new target for the development of products for acute diseases that can result in multiple organ failure, including sepsis and septic shock, and acute exacerbations of chronic diseases associated with the inflammatory response mediated by cytokines, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

      Sepsis is the body’s systemic inflammation response to infection or trauma. In animal models of septic shock, monoclonal antibodies targeting HMGB1 were successful in significantly reducing the mortality rate associated with these models. To date, limited clinical investigations have identified that patients with sepsis have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their bloodstream, compared to normal individuals, who do not have detectable levels of HMGB1 in their bloodstream. The elevated HMGB1 levels appeared to be greatest in the patients who subsequently died as a result of their disease.

      Similar treatment opportunities also exist with other diseases that include an HMGB1 component, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Elevated levels of HMGB1 have been observed in the synovial fluid in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and positive symptom responses have been achieved in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis with anti-HMGB1 therapy.

      We have generated a number of monoclonal antibodies that bind to HMGB1 and that are active in vitro and in vivo. A number of these antibodies have demonstrated a dose-dependent benefit on survival in a mouse model of overwhelming infection and a reduction in clinical arthritis symptoms in a mouse rheumatoid arthritis model. In both of these tests, the monoclonal antibodies were administered in a treatment model after disease onset, as opposed to the preventive model in which the drug is administered before disease onset.

      We are currently collaborating with MedImmune in the further preclinical investigation of our monoclonal antibodies in a number of animal models. MedImmune is conducting programs necessary to advance potential product candidates into Phase I clinical trials. In November 2005, MedImmune agreed that proof of concept had been proven for two preclinical models with human anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies are now undergoing further evaluation with a goal of selecting candidates for use in the clinic. Together with MedImmune, we plan to develop product candidates in parallel for both acute and chronic diseases and conditions.

      Stimulation of the vagus nerve, a nerve that links the brain with the major organs of the body, causes the release of a chemical neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine has been shown to inhibit the release of cytokines that play a fundamental role in the inflammatory response, including TNF. Research indicates that acetylcholine exerts anti-inflammatory activity by stimulating the nicotinic alpha-7 cholinergic receptor, or alpha-7 receptor, on the macrophage cell.

      Historically, a number of companies have focused on the alpha-7 receptor target in the treatment of central nervous system, or CNS, diseases. We believe the discovery of the role of this receptor in inflammation has led to a new opportunity for the development of products to treat diseases in which inflammation plays a role. We are undertaking a program to develop a small molecule product that inhibits the inflammatory response by stimulating the alpha-7 receptor on human macrophage cells.

      Our successful development of a product candidate targeting the alpha-7 receptor could lead to a novel treatment for severe acute inflammatory disease, as well as an oral anti-cytokine therapy that could be directed at chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. We believe the previous work on the alpha-7 receptor will assist the discovery of new, peripherally acting drugs that stimulate the alpha-7 receptor. We believe a drug candidate taken orally could have a strong market position against current injectable anti-TNF biological therapies, particularly if it avoids the potential immunological response to therapy, which is a known risk with antibody products.

      We are currently seeking to develop novel, small molecules directed towards the alpha-7 receptor. We are currently conducting preclinical evaluation of molecules synthesized by our medicinal chemistry team. In addition to our internal discovery efforts, we licensed from the University of Florida access to a family of molecules known to be active on the alpha-7 receptor in September 2004. We are also investigating the possibility of licensing additional alpha-7 agonists for development in inflammatory conditions.

Collaborations

      In July 2003, we entered into an exclusive license and collaboration agreement with MedImmune to jointly develop products directed towards HMGB1. This agreement was amended in December 2005. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted MedImmune an exclusive worldwide license, under patent rights and know-how controlled by us, to make, use and sell products, including small molecules and antibodies, that bind to, inhibit or inactivate HMGB1 and are used in the treatment or prevention, but not the diagnosis, of diseases, disorders and medical conditions.

      We and MedImmune determine the extent of our collaboration on research and development matters each year upon the renewal of a rolling three-year research plan. We are currently working with MedImmune to evaluate the potential of a series of fully human monoclonal antibodies as agents for development as therapeutic antibodies to enable them to enter clinical development. Under the terms of the agreement, MedImmune has agreed to fund and expend efforts to research and develop at least one HMGB1-inhibiting product for two indications through specified clinical phases.

      Under the collaboration, MedImmune has paid us initial fees of $12.5 million. We may also receive under the collaboration research and development payments from MedImmune, including a minimum of $4.0 million of research and development payments through the end of 2006, of which $3.0 million had been paid by December 31, 2005. In addition, we may receive, subject to the terms and conditions of the agreement, other payments upon the achievement of research, development and commercialization milestones up to a maximum of $124.0 million, after taking into account payments that we are obligated to make to The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (formerly known as The North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute) on milestone payments we receive from MedImmune. MedImmune also has agreed to pay royalties to us based upon net sales by MedImmune of licensed products resulting from the collaboration. MedImmune’s obligation to pay us royalties continues on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the later of ten years from the first commercial sale of a licensed product in each country and the expiration of the patent rights covering the product in that country. We are obligated to pay a portion of any milestone payments or royalties we receive from MedImmune to The Feinstein Institute, which initially licensed to us patent rights and know-how related to HMGB1. In connection with entering into the collaboration agreement, an affiliate of MedImmune purchased an aggregate of $15.0 million of our series B convertible preferred stock in October 2003 and March 2004, which converted into 2,857,142 shares of our common stock in June 2004 in connection with our initial public offering.

      In December 2005, MedImmune agreed that the collaboration demonstrated proof of concept in two preclinical disease models with human anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies. As a result, MedImmune made a $1.25 million milestone payment to us. In December 2005, MedImmune agreed to fund an additional $1.0 million of research work performed by our full-time employees in 2006.

      We have agreed to work exclusively with MedImmune in the research and development of HMGB1-inhibiting products. Under the terms of the agreement, MedImmune’s license to commercialize HMGB1-inhibiting products generally excludes us from manufacturing, promoting or selling the licensed products. However, we have the option to co-promote in the United States the first product for the first indication approved in the United States, for which we must pay a portion of the ongoing development costs and will receive a proportion of the profits in lieu of royalties that would otherwise be owed to us.

      MedImmune has the right to terminate the agreement at any time on six-months written notice. Each party has the right to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party. Under specified conditions, we or MedImmune may have certain payment or royalty obligations after the termination of the agreement.

      In January 2005, we entered into a license agreement with Beckman Coulter relating to the development of diagnostic products for measuring HMGB1. Under the terms of the agreement, we granted to Beckman Coulter and its affiliates an exclusive worldwide license, under patent rights and know-how controlled by us relating to the use of HMGB1 and its antibodies in diagnostics, to evaluate, develop, make, use and sell a kit or assemblage of reagents for measuring HMGB1 that utilizes one or more monoclonal antibodies to HMGB1 developed by us or on our behalf.

      In consideration for the license, Beckman Coulter paid us a product evaluation license fee of $250,000. Under the agreement, we may also receive additional aggregate license fees of up to $850,000 upon the exercise by Beckman Coulter of its option to continue the license prior to a future date and the achievement of the first commercial sale of a licensed product. Beckman Coulter also agreed to pay us royalties based on net sales of licensed products by Beckman Coulter and its affiliates. Beckman Coulter has the right to grant sublicenses under the license, subject to our written consent, which we have agreed not to unreasonably withhold. In addition, Beckman Coulter agreed to pay us a percentage of any license fees, milestone payments or royalties actually received by Beckman Coulter from its sublicensees.

      The license agreement will terminate if Beckman Coulter does not exercise its option to continue the license by a future date. In addition, Beckman Coulter has the right to terminate the license agreement at any time on 90-days written notice. Each party has the right to terminate the license agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party.

Research and Development

      We believe that our research and development capabilities and our sponsored research arrangements position us well to sustain our product pipeline. As of December 31, 2005, we had 43 employees engaged in research, development and regulatory affairs. Our research and development group seeks to identify the most promising development candidates and the most appropriate development pathways to maximize our chances of successful development. We also augment our internal research capabilities through sponsored research arrangements with academic and research institutions and individual academics, as well as in-licensed product candidates and technologies.

      During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, research and development expenses were $17.5 million, $25.6 million and $30.0 million, respectively.

Sales and Marketing

      We have developed a sales and marketing infrastructure to commercialize ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton in the United States. In developing this infrastructure, we have

hired Frederick Finnegan as our Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing, a vice president of sales, three regional sales directors and a vice president for managed care to lead the development of this infrastructure, as well as approximately 80 sales representatives and eight regional sales managers. Mr. Finnegan has significant sales and marketing experience from previous roles at biotechnology and large and small pharmaceutical companies.

      We are focusing our sales and marketing efforts for zileuton on key opinion leaders and specialists who treat asthma, including allergists, pulmonologists and other respiratory specialists. Because we are targeting our marketing and sales efforts to the patients who do not gain adequate symptomatic control from currently available medications, we believe we can successfully focus our efforts with a relatively small sales force on the approximately 10,000 to 12,000 physicians who tend to treat the majority of these patients. These specialists include a top tier of 100 to 200 national or key opinion leaders who serve to influence the direction of the diagnosis and treatment of asthma through their research and publications, and a second tier of practice-based specialists who are responsible for treating the majority of patients who do not gain adequate symptomatic control from currently available medications.

      Given the importance of these key opinion leaders, we are directing our scientific message and support to help educate and inform key opinion leaders regarding the scientific rationale and data that support our commercialization strategy. We have entered into consulting arrangements with a number of key opinion leaders who will provide expert advice to the company. We are also expanding our reach to a larger number of key opinion leaders through a group of medical science liaisons who are directed by our vice president of medical affairs.

      We initiated contact with the second tier of practice-based specialists when we launched our sales force. In the first two years following the launch of our sales force, we do not expect to contact every practicing specialist who treats asthma. Instead, we expect to target the top 50% of specialists in terms of prescribing productivity within asthma and the top 400 to 500 physicians prescribing ZYFLO. As we expand our sales force in connection with approval of the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, we expect to expand our reach to the top 70% to 80% of specialists who treat asthma.

      Part of our overall strategy for zileuton also includes repositioning the product within the managed care market. We have positioned zileuton with managed care medical directors and pharmacists as a treatment alternative when medications have failed to provide adequate symptomatic control. As a result, in addition to the awareness provided by office-based representatives, we believe information regarding zileuton will reach potential prescribing physicians through managed care pharmacies communicating the product’s modified formulary status.

      We expect that our sales effort for zileuton will expand if we develop and obtain regulatory approval for the intravenous formulation of zileuton for urgent and inpatient treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma. We believe the launch of an intravenous formulation will increase awareness of zileuton among physicians. In addition, we intend to seek a co-promotion partner for the controlled-release and immediate-release formulations of zileuton who would take responsibility to promote zileuton to a broader audience of physicians. We believe these efforts should enable us to migrate our sales and marketing focus and activities from solely office-based specialists to include the hospital products marketplace.

Manufacturing

      We have limited experience in manufacturing our product candidates. We currently outsource the manufacturing of ZYFLO for commercial sale and the manufacturing of our product candidates for use in clinical trials to qualified third parties and intend to continue to rely on contract manufacturing from third parties to supply products for both clinical use and commercial sale.

      We have established the following manufacturing arrangements for zileuton.

      We have contracted with Rhodia Pharma Solutions Ltd. for the commercial production of the zileuton active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API. We had previously contracted with Rhodia to establish and validate a manufacturing process for the API at sites operated by Rhodia, which has been completed. Under our February 2005 commercial supply agreement, Rhodia has agreed to manufacture our commercial supplies of API, subject to specified limitations, through December 31, 2009. The agreement will automatically extend for successive one-year periods after December 31, 2009, unless Rhodia provides us with 18-months prior written notice of cancellation. Under the agreement, we agreed to purchase a minimum amount of API by December 31, 2006. We have the right to terminate the agreement upon 12-months prior written notice for any reason, provided that we may not cancel prior to January 1, 2008 for the purpose of retaining any other company to act as our exclusive supplier of the API. We also have the right to terminate the agreement upon six-months prior written notice if we terminate our plans to commercialize zileuton for all therapeutic indications. If we exercise our right to terminate the agreement prior to its scheduled expiration, we are obligated to reimburse Rhodia for specified raw material and out-of-pocket costs. In addition, if we exercise our right to terminate the agreement due to termination of our plans to commercialize zileuton for all therapeutic indications, then we are also obligated to pay Rhodia for all API manufactured by Rhodia through that date. Furthermore, each party has the right to immediately terminate the agreement for cause, including a material uncured default by the other party.

      Rhodia SA, Rhodia’s parent company, announced in January 2006 that it had signed a letter of intent to sell its pharmaceutical manufacturing subsidiary to Shasun Chemicals & Drugs, Ltd., which is listed on the Bombay stock exchange. Rhodia SA has announced it expects that this sale will be completed in the first half of 2006. Based on discussions with Rhodia, we expect that the manufacture of zileuton API will not be affected by the sale.

      We have contracted with Patheon Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the manufacture of commercial supplies of ZYFLO immediate release tablets. We had previously contracted with Patheon for the manufacture of ZYFLO for clinical trials and regulatory review. Under the commercial manufacturing agreement that we entered into in June 2005, we are responsible for supplying the active pharmaceutical ingredient for ZYFLO to Patheon. Patheon is responsible for manufacturing the ZYFLO immediate release tablets and conducting stability testing, as outlined in our sNDA for ZYFLO. We have agreed to purchase at least 50% of our commercial supplies of ZYFLO immediate release tablets for sale in the United States from Patheon each year for the term of the commercial manufacturing agreement.

      The commercial manufacturing agreement has an initial term of three years beginning on September 15, 2005, and will automatically continue for successive one-year periods thereafter, unless we provide Patheon with 12-months’ prior written notice of termination or Patheon provides us with 18-months’ prior written notice of termination. In addition, we have the right to terminate the commercial manufacturing agreement upon 30-days’ prior written notice in the event any governmental agency takes any action, or raises any objection, that prevents us from importing, exporting, purchasing or selling ZYFLO immediate release tablets. If we provide six-months’ advance notice that we intend to discontinue commercializing ZYFLO, we will not be required to purchase any additional quantities of ZYFLO immediate release tablets, provided that we pay Patheon for a portion of specified fees and expenses associated with orders previously placed by us. Furthermore, each party has the right to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party. If the commercial manufacturing agreement expires or is terminated for any reason, we have agreed to take delivery of and pay for undelivered quantities of ZYFLO that we previously ordered, purchase at cost Patheon’s inventory of ZYFLO maintained in contemplation of filling orders previously placed by us and pay the purchase price for components of the ZYFLO immediate release tablets ordered by Patheon from suppliers in reliance on orders previously placed by us.

      We are also initiating the process of transferring manufacturing technology to Patheon for the controlled-release formulation zileuton tablets. We intend to establish Patheon as an additional supplier for the controlled release tablets, although the FDA approval process for this cannot be completed until after the product manufactured by SkyePharma achieves regulatory approval from the FDA.

      We have contracted with SkyePharma PLC, through its subsidiary Jagotec AG, for the manufacture of the controlled-release tablet formulation of zileuton for clinical trials, regulatory review and commercial sale. SkyePharma has agreed to manufacture the commercial supplies of the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, upon FDA approval, under a manufacturing agreement that we would enter into with SkyePharma having a term of no less than five years. SkyePharma’s current manufacturing obligations for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton are reflected in our license agreement relating to our use of SkyePharma’s controlled-release patent rights and know-how. Both we and SkyePharma have the right to terminate that license agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party. We have separately contracted with SkyePharma to help establish a manufacturing process for ZYFLO and, if needed, to manufacture ZYFLO for clinical trials and regulatory review. In consideration for SkyePharma’s manufacturing and development services, we agreed to pay SkyePharma an upfront fee of $250,000 and additional amounts on a time and materials basis. Both we and SkyePharma have the right to terminate the contract upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party, upon a change of control of the other party or, with the consent of the other party, if results achieved during testing or other technical, medical or scientific problems reasonably require termination. We also have the right to terminate the contract upon 120-days prior notice.

      We expect to enter into manufacturing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of our other product candidates for clinical use. For example, we will need to enter into arrangements for the manufacture of product candidates for clinical trials in our alpha-7 and CTI-01 programs. We believe that MedImmune will be responsible for manufacturing of any biologic products that result from our HMGB1 program.

Distribution Network

      We have limited experience in distributing ZYFLO. We currently rely on third parties to distribute ZYFLO to pharmacies. We have contracted with Integrated Commercialization Services, Inc., or ICS, a third-party logistics company, to warehouse ZYFLO and distribute it to three primary wholesalers, AmerisourceBergen Corporation, Cardinal Health and McKesson Corporation, and a number of smaller wholesalers. The wholesalers in turn distribute it to chain and independent pharmacies. ICS is our exclusive supplier of commerical distribution logistics services. We rely on Phoenix Marketing Group LLC to distribute ZYFLO samples to our sales representatives, who in turn distribute samples to physicians and other prescribers who are authorized under state law to receive and dispense samples. We have contracted with RxHope, Inc. to implement a patient assistance program for ZYFLO. We rely on RxHope to administer our patient assistance program and to distribute ZYFLO to physicians and other prescribers who are authorized under state law to receive and dispense prescription drugs. We believe this patient assistance program will help ensure broader and easier access to ZYFLO for those patients requiring financial assistance. This distribution network requires significant coordination with our supply chain, sales and marketing and finance organizations. We do not have our own warehouse or distribution capabilities. We do not intend to establish these functions in the foreseeable future.

License and Royalty Agreements

      We have entered into a number of license agreements under which we have licensed intellectual property and other rights needed to develop our products, including the license agreements summarized below.

      In December 2003, we acquired an exclusive worldwide license, under patent rights and know-how controlled by Abbott, to develop, make, use and sell controlled-release and intravenous formulations of zileuton for all clinical indications, except for the treatment of children under age seven and use in cardiovascular and vascular devices. This license included an exclusive sublicense of Abbott’s rights in proprietary controlled-release technology originally licensed to Abbott by Jagotec AG, a subsidiary of SkyePharma. In consideration for the license, we paid Abbott an initial $1.5 million license fee and agreed to make aggregate milestone payments of up to $13.0 million to Abbott upon the achievement of various development and commercialization milestones, including the completion of the technology transfer from Abbott to us, filing and approval of a product in the United States and specified minimum net sales of licensed products. In addition, we agreed to pay royalties to Abbott based on net sales of licensed products by us, our affiliates and sublicensees. Our obligation to pay royalties continues on a country-by-country basis for a period of ten years from the first commercial sale of a licensed product in each country. Upon the expiration of our obligation to pay royalties for licensed products in a given country, the license will become perpetual, irrevocable and fully paid up with respect to licensed products in that country. If we decide to sublicense rights under the license, we must first enter into good faith negotiations with Abbott for the commercialization rights to the licensed product. Each party has the right to terminate the license upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party. We also have the right to terminate the license at any time upon 60 days notice to Abbott and payment of a termination fee. Through December 31, 2005, we have paid milestone and license payments totaling $3.0 million to Abbott under this agreement.

      In March 2004, we acquired from Abbott the U.S. trademark ZYFLO^® and an exclusive worldwide license, under patent rights and know-how controlled by Abbott, to develop, make, use and sell the immediate-release formulation of zileuton for all clinical indications. In consideration for the license and the trademark, we paid Abbott an initial fee of $500,000 and a milestone payment of $750,000 upon approval of the sNDA, which we paid in October 2005, and we agreed to pay royalties based upon net sales of licensed products by us, our affiliates and sublicensees. Our obligation to pay royalties continues on a country-by-country basis for a period of ten years from the first commercial sale of a licensed product in each country. Upon the expiration of our obligation to pay royalties in a given country, the license will become perpetual, irrevocable and fully paid up with respect to licensed products in that country. Each party has the right to terminate the license upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party.

      In June 2004, we entered into an agreement with Baxter Healthcare Corporation to conduct feasibility studies to analyze the various properties of zileuton and determine the most suitable technologies for the development of an intravenous formulation of zileuton. In the event that we choose to pursue the commercialization of a specified intravenous formulation developed by Baxter that is based on the formulation technology of a third party, we have agreed to license that specified intravenous formulation and pay Baxter royalties based on net sales of that formulation.

      In July 2001, we acquired from The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (formerly known as The North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute), or The Feinstein Institute, an exclusive worldwide license, under patent rights and know-how controlled by The Feinstein Institute relating to HMGB1, to make, use and sell products covered by the licensed patent rights and know-how. The Feinstein Institute retained the right to make and use the licensed products in its own laboratories solely for non-commercial, scientific purposes and non-commercial research. In consideration for the license, we paid an initial license fee of $100,000. We also agreed to make milestone payments to The Feinstein Institute of up to $275,000 for the first product covered by the licensed patent rights and an additional $100,000 for each additional distinguishable product covered by the licensed patent rights, up to $137,500 for the first product covered by the licensed know-how and not the licensed patent rights and an additional $50,000 for each additional distinguishable product covered by the licensed know-how and not the licensed patent rights, in each case upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones for the applicable licensed

product. In addition, we agreed to pay The Feinstein Institute royalties based on net sales of licensed products by us and our affiliates until the later of ten years from the first commercial sale of each licensed product in a given country and the expiration of the patent rights covering the licensed product in that country. We agreed to pay minimum annual royalties to The Feinstein Institute beginning in July 2007 regardless of whether we sell any licensed products. We also agreed to pay The Feinstein Institute fees if we sublicense our rights under the licensed patent rights and know-how. At December 31, 2005, we accrued $250,000 owed to The Feinstein Institute in accordance with this agreement. Each party has the right to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party.

      We also have entered into two sponsored research and license agreements with The Feinstein Institute. In July 2001, we entered into a sponsored research and license agreement with The Feinstein Institute under which, as amended, we agreed to pay The Feinstein Institute $200,000 annually until June 2006 to sponsor research activities at The Feinstein Institute to identify inhibitors and antagonists of HMGB1 and related proteins, including antibodies. In January 2003, we entered into a sponsored research and license agreement with The Feinstein Institute under which we agreed to pay The Feinstein Institute $200,000 annually until January 2006 to sponsor research activities at The Feinstein Institute in the field of cholinergic anti-inflammatory technology. Any future research terms under either of these agreements are subject to agreement between The Feinstein Institute and us. Under the terms of these agreements, we acquired an exclusive worldwide license to make, use and sell products covered by the patent rights and know-how arising from the sponsored research. The Feinstein Institute retained the right under each of these agreements to make and use the licensed products in its own laboratories solely for non-commercial, scientific purposes and non-commercial research.

      In connection with the July 2001 sponsored research and license agreement, we issued The Feinstein Institute 27,259 shares of our common stock and agreed to make milestone payments to The Feinstein Institute of $200,000 for the first product covered by the licensed patent rights, and an additional $100,000 for each additional distinguishable product covered by the licensed patent rights, $100,000 for the first product covered by the licensed know-how and not the licensed patent rights and an additional $50,000 for each additional distinguishable product covered by the licensed know-how and not the licensed patent rights, in each case upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory approval milestones with respect to the applicable licensed product. In connection with the January 2003 sponsored research and license agreement, we paid The Feinstein Institute an initial license fee of $175,000 and agreed to pay additional amounts in connection with the filing of any U.S. patent application or issuance of a U.S. patent relating to the field of cholinergic anti-inflammatory technology. We also agreed to make aggregate milestone payments to The Feinstein Institute of up to $1.5 million in both cash and shares of our common stock upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory approval milestones with respect to any licensed product. In addition, under each of these agreements, we agreed to pay The Feinstein Institute royalties based on net sales of a licensed product by us and our affiliates until the later of ten years from the first commercial sale of licensed products in a given country and the expiration of the patent rights covering the licensed product in that country. Under the January 2003 sponsored research and license agreement, we agreed to pay minimum annual royalties to The Feinstein Institute beginning in the first year after termination of research activities regardless of whether we sell any licensed products. We also agreed to pay The Feinstein Institute certain fees if we sublicense our rights under the licensed patent rights and know-how under either agreement. In connection with our sublicense to MedImmune of our rights with respect to HMGB1, we have paid The Feinstein Institute $2.0 million and issued to The Feinstein Institute 66,666 shares of our common stock. Each party has the right to terminate each agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach of that agreement by the other party.

      In December 2003, we entered into an agreement with SkyePharma, through its subsidiary Jagotec AG, under which SkyePharma consented to Abbott’s sublicense to us of rights to make, use and sell the controlled-release formulation of zileuton covered by SkyePharma’s patent rights and know-how. Under the terms of the agreement, SkyePharma also agreed to manufacture the controlled-release formulation of

zileuton for clinical trials, regulatory review and, subject to negotiation of a commercial manufacturing agreement, commercial sale. In consideration for SkyePharma’s prior work associated with the licensed patent rights and know-how, we paid SkyePharma an upfront fee of $750,000. We also agreed to make aggregate milestone payments to SkyePharma of up to $6.6 million upon the achievement of various development and commercialization milestones. Through December 31, 2005, we have made milestone payments totaling $2.0 million to SkyePharma under this agreement. In addition, we agreed to pay royalties to SkyePharma based upon net sales of the product by us and our affiliates. We also agreed to pay royalties to SkyePharma under the license agreement between SkyePharma and Abbott based upon net sales of the product by us and our affiliates. We also agreed to pay SkyePharma fees if we sublicense our rights under the licensed patent rights and know-how. In 2005, SkyePharma agreed to allow us to sublicense our rights to Patheon to permit Patheon to manufacture a portion of our annual requirements for controlled-release formulation of zileuton tablets. Each party has the right to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party.

      In September 2004, we acquired from the University of Florida an exclusive worldwide license, under specified patent rights controlled by the University relating to a family of compounds known as cinnamylidene-anabaseines, to make, use and sell products covered by the licensed patent rights. These compounds target and stimulate the nicotinic alpha-7 cholinergic receptor. In consideration for the license, we agreed to pay an initial license fee and milestone payments upon the achievement of specified development and regulatory milestones for the licensed product. We also agreed to make certain minimum royalty payments during the term of the agreement and royalty payments based on net sales of a licensed product by us and our sublicensees. The University has the right to terminate the agreement upon our material uncured breach, including our failure to meet specified development and commercialization milestones for a licensed product. We may terminate the agreement upon 60-days notice to the University.

      In November 2002, we acquired from the University of Pittsburgh an exclusive worldwide license, under specified patent rights controlled by the University relating to CTI-01, to make, use and sell products covered by the licensed patent rights. The University retained the right to use the licensed patent rights and products for its own non-commercial education and research purposes. In consideration for the license, we paid an initial license fee of $35,000 and also agreed to pay the University annual maintenance fees until the first commercial sale of a licensed product. After the first commercial sale, we have agreed to pay the University royalties based on net sales of the licensed product by us and our sublicensees. The University has the right to terminate the agreement upon our material uncured breach, including our failure to meet specified development and commercialization milestones for a licensed product. We may terminate the agreement upon three-months notice to the University.

      In December 2000, we acquired from Xanthus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., formerly known as Phenome Sciences, an exclusive worldwide license, under specified patent rights and know-how controlled by Xanthus relating to CTI-01, to make, use and sell products covered by the licensed patent rights and know-how. Xanthus retained the right to use the licensed patent rights for non-commercial research purposes. In consideration for the license, we paid an initial license fee of $103,000. We also agreed to use diligent efforts to achieve specified development and regulatory approval milestones and make aggregate milestone payments to Xanthus of up to $2.0 million upon the achievement of those milestones. In addition, we agreed to pay Xanthus royalties based on net sales of licensed products by us and our sublicensees until the expiration of the patent rights covering the licensed product. We agreed to pay minimum annual royalties to Xanthus beginning in 2006 regardless of whether we sell any licensed products. Each party has the right to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured

breach by the other party. In specified circumstances, we may also terminate the agreement upon either three or twelve-months notice to Xanthus.

Proprietary Rights

      Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our product candidates, technology and know-how, to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. Our policy is to seek to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing U.S. and foreign patent applications related to our proprietary technology, inventions and improvements that are important to the development of our business and obtaining, where possible, assignment of invention agreements from employees and consultants. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and in-licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position.

      As of February 28, 2006, we own or exclusively license for one or more indications or formulations a total of 10 issued U.S. patents, 45 issued foreign patents, 40 pending U.S. patent applications and 91 pending foreign patent applications consisting of:

      The U.S. patent covering the composition of matter of zileuton that we licensed from Abbott expires in 2010, and the U.S. patent covering the controlled-release formulation of zileuton expires in 2012. The U.S. issued patents that we own or exclusively license covering our product candidates other than zileuton expire on various dates between 2017 and 2022.

      The patent position of pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, including ours, is generally uncertain and involves complex legal and factual considerations. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect proprietary products, methods and technologies that we develop under the patent and other intellectual property laws of the United States and other countries, so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. If any parties should successfully claim that our proprietary products, methods and technologies infringe upon their intellectual property rights, we might be forced to pay damages, and a court could require us to stop the infringing activity. We do not know if our pending patent applications will result in issued patents. Our issued patents and those that may issue in the future, or those licensed to us, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing related products or the length of term of patent protection that we may have for our products. In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar technology. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies or duplicate any technology developed by us. Because of the extensive time required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent may expire or remain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantage of the patent.

      We currently have filed trademark applications to register the Critical Therapeutics name and logo in both the United States and Europe and have received notice that the Critical Therapeutics name and logo have been accepted for registration in the United States. We have also filed trademark applications to

register CRTX, CT1 and CT2 in the United States. In March 2004, we acquired the U.S. trademark ZYFLO^® from Abbott.

      In addition, we depend upon trade secrets, know-how and continuing technological advances to develop and maintain our competitive position. To maintain the confidentiality of trade secrets and proprietary information, it is our general practice to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, strategic partners, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information. These agreements are designed to deter, but may not prevent, unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets, and any such unauthorized disclosure would have a material adverse effect on our business, for which monetary damages from the party making such unauthorized disclosure may not be adequate to compensate us.

Regulatory Matters

      The research, testing, manufacture and marketing of drug and biologic products are extensively regulated in the United States and abroad. In the United States, drugs and biologics are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and other federal and state statutes and regulations govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, record keeping, packaging, labeling, advertising and promotion, sampling and distribution of pharmaceutical and biologic products. The failure to comply with the applicable regulatory requirements may subject us to a variety of administrative or judicially imposed sanctions, including the FDA’s refusal to file new applications or to approve pending applications, withdrawal of an approval, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution.

      The steps ordinarily required before a new pharmaceutical or biologic product may be marketed in the United States include preclinical laboratory tests, animal tests and formulation studies, the submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective prior to commencement of human clinical testing, and adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish that the product is safe and effective for the indication for which FDA approval is sought. Satisfaction of FDA approval requirements typically takes several years and the actual time taken may vary substantially depending upon the complexity of the product, disease or clinical trials required. Government regulation may impose costly procedures on our activities, and may delay or prevent marketing of potential products for a considerable period of time or prevent such marketing entirely. Success in early stage clinical trials does not necessarily assure success in later stage clinical trials. Data obtained from clinical activities are not always conclusive and may be subject to alternative interpretations that could delay, limit or even prevent regulatory approval. Even if a product receives regulatory approval, later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product may result in marketing or sales restrictions on the product or even complete withdrawal of the product from the market.

      Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess the potential safety and efficacy of the product. The conduct of the preclinical tests and formulation of compounds for testing must comply with federal regulations and requirements. The results of preclinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND.

      An IND must become effective prior to the commencement of clinical testing of a drug or biologic in humans. An IND will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA if the FDA has not commented on or questioned the application during this 30-day waiting period. If the FDA has comments or questions, these must be resolved to the satisfaction of the FDA prior to commencement of clinical trials. In addition, the FDA may, at any time, impose a clinical hold on ongoing clinical trials. If the FDA imposes a clinical hold, clinical trials cannot commence or recommence without FDA authorization and then only under terms authorized by the FDA. The IND process can result in substantial delay and expense.

      Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug or biologic to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted in

compliance with federal regulations and requirements, under protocols detailing the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the safety and effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol involving testing human subjects in the United States must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. The trial protocol and informed consent information for subjects in clinical trials must be submitted to institutional review boards for approval.

      Clinical trials to support new drug or biologic product applications for marketing approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. In Phase I, the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human subjects or patients, the product is tested to assess metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological actions and safety, including side effects associated with increasing doses. Phase II usually involves trials in a limited patient population, to determine dosage tolerance and optimum dosage, identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, and provide preliminary support for the efficacy of the product in the indication being studied.

      If a compound demonstrates evidence of effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile in Phase II evaluations, Phase III trials are undertaken to evaluate further clinical efficacy and to test further for safety within an expanded patient population, typically at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. Phase I, Phase II or Phase III testing of any product candidates may not be completed successfully within any specified time period, if at all. Furthermore, the FDA, an institutional review board or we may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.

      After successful completion of the required clinical testing for a drug, generally an NDA is prepared and submitted to the FDA. FDA approval of the NDA is required before marketing of the product may begin in the United States. The NDA must include the results of extensive clinical and other testing and a compilation of data relating to the product’s pharmacology, chemistry, manufacture and controls. The cost of preparing and submitting an NDA is substantial. Under federal law, the submission of NDAs are additionally subject to substantial application user fees, currently exceeding $600,000, the fee for submission of supplemental applications exceeds $300,000 and the manufacturer and/or sponsor under an approved NDA are also subject to annual product and establishment user fees, currently exceeding $40,000 per product and up to $250,000 per establishment. These fees are typically increased annually.

      The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the agency’s threshold determination that the NDA is sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the NDA. The review process is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional information or clarification regarding information already provided in the submission. The FDA may also refer applications for novel drug products or drug products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee. The FDA normally also will conduct a pre-approval inspection to ensure the manufacturing facility, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the drug’s identity, strength, quality, purity and stability, and are in compliance with regulations governing current good manufacturing practices. In addition, the FDA usually conducts audits of the clinical trials for new drug applications and efficacy supplements to ensure that the data submitted reflects the data generated by the clinical sites.

      If the FDA’s evaluations of the NDA and the manufacturing facilities are favorable, the FDA may issue an approval letter, or, in some cases, an approvable letter followed by an approval letter. An approvable letter generally contains a statement of specific conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If and when those conditions have been met to the FDA’s satisfaction, the FDA will typically issue an approval letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition of NDA approval, the FDA may require post-approval trials and surveillance to monitor the drug’s safety or efficacy and may impose other conditions, including labeling restrictions which can materially impact the potential market

and profitability of the drug. Once granted, product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing. Supplemental applications must be filed for many post-approval changes, including changes in manufacturing facilities.

      Some of our products may be regulated as biologics under the Public Health Service Act. Biologics must have a biologics license application, or BLA, approved prior to commercialization. Like NDAs, BLAs are subject to user fees. To obtain BLA approval, an applicant must provide preclinical and clinical evidence and other information to demonstrate that the biologic product is safe, pure and potent and that the facilities in which it is manufactured processed, packed or held meet standards, including good manufacturing practices and any additional standards in the license designed to ensure its continued safety, purity and potency. Biologics establishments are subject to preapproval inspections. The review process for BLAs is time consuming and uncertain, and BLA approval may be conditioned on post-approval testing and surveillance. Once granted, BLA approvals may be suspended or revoked under certain circumstances, such as if the product fails to conform to the standards established in the license.

      Once the NDA or BLA is approved, a product will be subject to certain post-approval requirements, including requirements for adverse event reporting and submission of periodic reports. In addition, the FDA strictly regulates the promotional claims that may be made about prescription drug products and biologics. In particular, the FDA requires substantiation of any claims of superiority of one product over another, including that such claims be proven by adequate and well-controlled head-to-head clinical trials. To the extent that market acceptance of our products may depend on their superiority over existing therapies, any restriction on our ability to advertise or otherwise promote claims of superiority, or requirements to conduct additional expensive clinical trials to provide proof of such claims, could negatively affect the sales of our products or our costs.

      We must also notify the FDA of any change in an approved product beyond variations already allowed in the approval. Certain changes to the product, its labeling or its manufacturing require prior FDA approval, including conduct of further clinical investigations to support the change. Major changes in manufacturing site require submission of an sNDA and approval by the FDA prior to distribution of the product using the change. Such supplements, referred to as Prior Approval Supplements, must contain information validating the effects of the change. An applicant may ask the FDA to expedite its review of such a supplement for public health reasons, such as a drug shortage. Approvals of labeling or manufacturing changes may be expensive and time-consuming and, if not approved, the product will not be allowed to be marketed as modified.

      If the FDA’s evaluation of the NDA submission or manufacturing facilities is not favorable, the FDA may refuse to approve the NDA and issue a not approvable letter. The not approvable letter outlines the deficiencies in the submission and often requires additional testing or information in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. Even after submitting this additional information, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval. With limited exceptions, the FDA may withhold approval of an NDA regardless of prior advice it may have provided or commitments it may have made to the sponsor.

      Once an NDA is approved, the product covered thereby becomes a “listed drug” that can, in turn, be cited by potential competitors in support of approval of an abbreviated NDA. An abbreviated NDA provides for marketing of a drug product that has the same active ingredients in the same strengths and dosage form as the listed drug and has been shown through bioequivalence testing to be therapeutically equivalent to the listed drug. There is no requirement, other than the requirement for bioequivalence testing, for an abbreviated NDA applicant to conduct or submit results of preclinical or clinical tests to prove the safety or efficacy of its drug product. Drugs approved in this way are commonly referred to as “generic equivalents” to the listed drug, are listed as such by the FDA, and can often be substituted by pharmacists under prescriptions written for the original listed drug.

      Federal law provides for a period of three years of exclusivity following approval of a listed drug that contains previously approved active ingredients but is approved in a new dosage, dosage form, route of administration or combination, or for a new use, the approval of which was required to be supported by

new clinical trials conducted by or for the sponsor. During such three-year exclusivity period, the FDA cannot grant effective approval of an abbreviated NDA to commercially distribute a generic version of the drug based on that listed drug. However, the FDA can approve generic equivalents of that listed drug based on other listed drugs, such as a generic that is the same in every way but its indication for use, and thus the value of such exclusivity may be undermined. Federal law also provides a period of five years following approval of a drug containing no previously approved active ingredients. During such five-year exclusivity period, abbreviated NDAs for generic versions of those drugs cannot be submitted unless the submission accompanies a challenge to a listed patent, in which case the submission may be made four years following the original product approval. Additionally, in the event that the sponsor of the listed drug has properly informed the FDA of patents covering its listed drug, applicants submitting an abbreviated NDA referencing that drug are required to make one of four certifications, including certifying that it believes one or more listed patents are invalid or not infringed. If an applicant certifies invalidity or non-infringement, it is required to provide notice of its filing to the NDA sponsor and the patent holder. If the patent holder then initiates a suit for patent infringement against the abbreviated NDA sponsor within 45 days of receipt of the notice, the FDA cannot grant effective approval of the abbreviated NDA until either 30 months has passed or there has been a court decision holding that the patents in question are invalid or not infringed. If the NDA holder and patent owners do not begin an infringement action within 45 days, the ANDA applicant may bring a declaratory judgment action to determine patent issues prior to marketing. If the abbreviated NDA applicant certifies that it does not intend to market its generic product before some or all listed patents on the listed drug expire, then FDA cannot grant effective approval of the abbreviated NDA until those patents expire. If more than one applicant files a substantially complete ANDA on the same day for a previously unchallenged drug, each such “first applicant” will be entitled to share the 180-day exclusivity period, but there will only be one such period, beginning on the date of first marketing by any of the first applicants. The first abbreviated NDA submitting substantially complete applications certifying that listed patents for a particular product are invalid or not infringed may qualify for a period of 180 days after the first marketing of the generic product, during which subsequently submitted abbreviated NDAs cannot be granted effective approval.

      Violation of any FDA requirements could result in enforcement actions, such as withdrawal of approval, product recalls, product seizures, injunctions, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, fines, consent decrees, civil penalties and criminal prosecutions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

      From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the development, approval, manufacturing and marketing of drug products. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted, or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, or what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.

      Approval of a product by comparable regulatory authorities may be necessary in foreign countries prior to the commencement of marketing of the product in those countries, whether or not FDA approval has been obtained. The approval procedure varies among countries and can involve requirements for additional testing. The time required may differ from that required for FDA approval. Although there are some procedures for unified filings for some European countries, such as the sponsorship of the country which first granted marketing approval, in general each country has its own procedures and requirements, many of which are time consuming and expensive. Thus, there can be substantial delays in obtaining required approvals from foreign regulatory authorities after the relevant applications are filed.

      Under European Union regulatory systems, marketing authorization applications may be submitted at a centralized, a decentralized or a national level. The centralized procedure is mandatory for the approval of biotechnology products and provides for the grant of a single marketing authorization that is valid in all European Union member states. As of January 1995, a mutual recognition procedure is available at the

request of the applicant for all medicinal products that are not subject to the centralized procedure. We will choose the appropriate route of European regulatory filing to accomplish the most rapid regulatory approvals. However, our chosen regulatory strategy may not secure regulatory approvals on a timely basis or at all.

      Our research and development processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals and radioactive materials and produce waste products. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. We do not expect the cost of complying with these laws and regulations to be material.

Competition

      The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in which we operate are characterized by rapidly advancing technologies and intense competition. Our competitors include pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. All of these competitors currently engage in or may engage in the future in the development, manufacture and commercialization of new pharmaceuticals, some of which may compete with our present or future products and product candidates. Many of our competitors have greater development, financial, manufacturing, marketing and sales experience and resources than we do, and they may develop new products or technologies that will render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. We cannot assure you that our products will compete successfully with these newly emerging technologies. In some cases, competitors will have greater name recognition and may offer discounts as a competitive tactic.

      Zileuton, including our marketed product, ZYFLO, faces heavy competition in the asthma field. A number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies currently market and sell products to treat asthma that compete with ZYFLO and would compete with the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, if it is approved for sale by the FDA. Many established therapies currently command large market shares in the asthma market, including LTRAs such as Merck & Co., Inc.’s Singular^®, inhaled corticosteroid drugs, and combination products such as GlaxoSmithKline plc’s Advair^®.

      The severe asthma market, where we believe zileuton has great potential, is currently served by the therapies developed for mild to moderate asthma and oral, inhaled and injectable steroid treatments. One product, Xolair^®, an anti-IgE antibody developed jointly by Novartis, Genentech and Tanox, is approved for severe allergic asthma. Xolair is a monoclonal antibody delivered in a monthly or semi-monthly subcutaneous injection for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic asthma that acts by blocking the immunoglobin E antibody that is an underlying cause of allergic asthma. The FDA approved the product in June 2003 and as of the end of 2004 was used to treat over 30,000 patients. Xolair is an injectable product, and, according to a 2005 article in the Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, the annual cost for treatment ranges from approximately $7,388 to $44,328, depending on the dose. Xolair is targeted to patients with severe allergic asthma, particularly those patients who do not respond to therapies such as steroids. However, many managed care plans restrict its use through extensive prior authorization and step care requirements, such as a prior, failed course of therapy on Singulair, Accolate^®, Advair or, in some cases ZYFLO, before Xolair can be considered.

      If zileuton is developed as a treatment for COPD, it will also face intense competition. COPD is a disease treated predominantly with asthma drugs, anti-cholinergic drugs and lung reduction surgery. Many physicians regard bronchodilators and inhaled steroids as effective in the treatment of mild to moderate COPD. Advair, which has a new approved indication for COPD, is also now being promoted as a treatment for COPD by GlaxoSmithKline. Spiriva^®, a once-a-day muscarinic antagonist from Boehringer Ingleheim and Pfizer, is approved in the United States. Other novel approaches are also in the development process. GlaxoSmithKline is developing a neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist and an -4 integrin

antagonist. Because both are in early development, their potential impact on the market is difficult to assess.

      Our therapeutic programs directed toward the body’s inflammatory response will compete predominantly with therapies that have been approved for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, like Amgen, Inc.’s Enbrel^® and Johnson & Johnson’s Remicade^®, and diseases such as sepsis, such as Eli Lilly and Company’s Xigris^®. While non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen are often used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and offer efficacy in reducing pain and inflammation, we believe that our cytokine-based therapeutic programs will compete predominantly with the anti-TNF therapies that have been approved for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, like Enbrel^® and Remicade^®. Xigris^®, a product developed by Eli Lilly for sepsis, has received regulatory approval for severe sepsis patients. Other than a wide range of anti-infective drugs, Xigris is one of the only drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment of sepsis. Other companies are developing therapies directed towards cytokines. We do not know whether any or all of these products under development will ever reach the market and if they do, whether they will do so before or after our products are approved.

Employees

      As of December 31, 2005, we had 175 full-time employees, 106 of whom were engaged in marketing and sales, 43 of whom were engaged in research, development and regulatory affairs, and 26 of whom were engaged in management, administration and finance. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages. We believe that relations with our employees are good.

Available Information

      We maintain a web site with the address www.crtx.com. We are not including the information contained on our web site as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this annual report. We make available free of charge on or through our web site our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, we intend to post on our web site all disclosures that are required by applicable law, the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission or Nasdaq listing standards concerning any amendment to, or waiver from, our code of business conduct and ethics.

Risks Relating to Our Business

      The FDA approved our sNDA to manufacture and market ZYFLO for commercial sale on September 28, 2005. In late October 2005, we commercially launched ZYFLO. The commercial success of ZYFLO and, if approved for sale, the controlled-release formulation of zileuton will depend upon their acceptance by the medical community, third-party payors and patients. Physicians will prescribe ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton only if they determine, based on experience, clinical data, side effect profiles or other factors, that these products either alone or in combination with other products are appropriate for managing their patient’s asthma.

      Despite being approved by the FDA since 1996, ZYFLO has not achieved broad market acceptance. In the 12-month period ending September 2003, only 1,700 physicians prescribed the product. During the period between our commercial launch in October 2005 through the week ending February 3, 2006, prescription data for ZYFLO indicates that approximately 1,000 physicians prescribed the product. We may have difficulty expanding the prescriber and patient base for ZYFLO if physicians view the product

as less effective than other products on the market or view its clinical data as outdated. In addition, ZYFLO requires dosing four times per day, which some physicians and patients may find inconvenient compared to other available asthma therapies that require dosing only once or twice daily.

      Moreover, perceptions about the safety of ZYFLO could limit the market acceptance of ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton. In the placebo-controlled clinical trials that formed the basis for FDA approval of the NDA for ZYFLO, 1.9% of patients taking ZYFLO experienced increased levels of a liver enzyme called alanine transaminase, or ALT, of over three times the levels normally seen in the bloodstream, compared to 0.2% of patients receiving placebo. In addition, prior to FDA approval, a long-term trial was conducted in 2,947 patients to evaluate the safety of ZYFLO, particularly in relation to liver enzyme effects. In this safety trial, 4.6% of the patients taking ZYFLO experienced increased levels of ALT of over three times the levels normally seen in the bloodstream, compared to 1.1% of patients receiving placebo. The overall percentage of patients that experienced increases in ALT of over three times the levels normally seen in the bloodstream was 3.2% in approximately 5,000 asthma patients who received ZYFLO in the clinical trials that were reviewed by the FDA prior to its approval of ZYFLO. In these trials, one patient developed symptomatic hepatitis with jaundice, which resolved upon discontinuation of therapy, and three patients developed mild elevations in bilirubin, a protein. Furthermore, because ZYFLO can elevate liver enzyme levels, periodic liver function tests are recommended for patients taking ZYFLO and may be advisable for patients taking our other zileuton product candidates. Some physicians and patients may perceive liver function tests as inconvenient or indicative of safety issues, which could make them reluctant to prescribe or accept ZYFLO and other zileuton product candidates. As a result, many physicians may have negative perceptions about the safety of ZYFLO and other zileuton product candidates, which could limit their commercial acceptance. The absence of ZYFLO from the market prior to our commercial launch in October 2005 may have exacerbated any negative perceptions about ZYFLO if physicians believe the absence of ZYFLO from the market was related to safety or efficacy issues.

      The position of ZYFLO in managed care formularies, which are lists of products approved by managed care organizations, may also make it difficult to expand the current market for this product. As a result of a lack of a sustained sales and marketing effort prior to our commercial launch in October 2005, ZYFLO had been removed from some formularies or relegated to third-tier status, which requires the highest co-pay for patients. In addition, ZYFLO may have been removed from some managed care formularies as a result of the absence of ZYFLO from the market prior to our commercial launch.

      If we are unable to expand the use of ZYFLO or if any existing negative perceptions about ZYFLO persist, we will have difficulty achieving market acceptance for our other oral zileuton product candidates, such as the controlled-release formulation of zileuton. If we are unable to achieve market acceptance of ZYFLO or the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, we will not generate significant revenues unless we are able to successfully develop and commercialize other product candidates.

      ZYFLO is our only commercial product. Other than the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, our product candidates are in early clinical, preclinical and research stages of development and are a number of years away from commercialization. As a result, ZYFLO and, if approved for sale, the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, will account for almost all of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Research and development of product candidates is a lengthy and expensive process. Our early-stage product candidates in particular will require substantial funding for us to complete preclinical testing and clinical trials, initiate manufacturing and, if approved for sale, initiate commercialization. If ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton are not commercially successful, we may be forced to find additional sources of funding earlier than we anticipated. If we are not successful in obtaining additional funding on acceptable terms, we may be forced to significantly delay, limit or eliminate one or more of our research, development or commercialization programs. In addition, we may be forced to dismantle or redeploy the sales force that we built in connection with the launch of ZYFLO and the anticipated launch of other product candidates.

      We are independently selling and marketing ZYFLO. If approved for sale, we intend to independently launch and market the controlled-release formulation of zileuton and other product candidates. As of February 28, 2006, we had a sales force of approximately 80 sales representatives. The majority of these sales representatives joined us in 2005. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we had incurred sales and marketing costs of approximately $13.7 million, which included costs related to our launch of ZYFLO. We expect to incur additional costs as we further expand our sales and marketing efforts. We may not be able to attract, hire, train and retain qualified sales and marketing personnel to build and maintain a significant or effective sales force. If we are not successful in our efforts to develop and maintain an effective internal sales force, our ability to independently launch and market our product candidates, including ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, will be impaired.

      We are investing significant amounts of money and management resources to develop internal sales and marketing capabilities. We are using a third party for distribution of ZYFLO. If we are unable to successfully commercialize ZYFLO, we will have incurred significant unrecoverable expenses. Likewise, if we further expand our sales force in anticipation of approval of the controlled-release formulation of zileuton or our other product candidates, we will incur significant costs.

      We purchased quantities of raw materials and supplies of ZYFLO tablets in connection with the commercial launch of ZYFLO. In addition, we could be required to buy excess inventory to meet our minimum purchase obligations under our supply agreements with our third-party manufacturers. If we fail to successfully commercialize ZYFLO, our inventories could be materially impaired and their value diminished, and we will have incurred significant unrecoverable expenses.

      We have limited experience managing commercial supplies of ZYFLO since the launch in October 2005. Our current forecasting of inventory levels is based on our estimate of expected customer orders in combination with limited historical information regarding actual sales. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we made an adjustment to inventory of approximately $280,000 related to short dated product in our inventory. Significant differences between our current estimates and judgments and future estimated demand for our product and the useful life of inventory may result in significant charges for excess inventory or unnecessary purchase commitments in the future. These differences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations during the period in which we recognize charges for excess inventory. If we fail to maintain an adequate inventory or if our inventory were to be destroyed or damaged or reached its expiration date, patients might not have access to ZYFLO, our reputation and our brand could be harmed and physicians may be less likely to prescribe ZYFLO in the future. Conversely, if we are unable to sell our inventory in a timely manner, we could experience cash flow difficulties and additional financial losses.

      The probability of commercial success of each of our product candidates is subject to significant uncertainty. Factors that we believe will materially affect market acceptance of our product candidates under development include:

      The failure of our product candidates to achieve market acceptance would prevent us from ever generating meaningful revenues from sales of these product candidates.

      A key element of our strategy is to develop and commercialize product candidates that address large unmet medical needs in the critical care market. We seek to do so through:

      A significant portion of the research that we are conducting involves new and unproven technologies. Research programs to identify new product candidates, whether conducted by us or by academic or other research institutions under sponsored research agreements, require substantial technical, financial and human resources. These research programs may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, yet fail to yield product candidates for clinical development for a variety of reasons, including:

      We may be unable to license or acquire suitable product candidates or products from third parties for a number of reasons. In particular, the licensing and acquisition of pharmaceutical products is competitive. A number of more established companies are also pursuing strategies to license or acquire products in the critical care market. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, cash resources or greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. Other factors that may prevent us from licensing or otherwise acquiring suitable product candidates or approved products include the following:

      If we are unable to develop suitable potential product candidates through internal research programs, sponsored research programs or by obtaining rights from third parties, we will not be able to increase our revenues in future periods, which could result in significant harm to our financial position and adversely impact our stock price.

      The development and commercialization of new drugs is highly competitive. We will face competition with respect to the development of product candidates and for ZYFLO and any other products that we commercialize in the future from pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies, companies selling low-cost generic substitutes, academic institutions, government agencies or research institutions. A number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies currently market and sell products to treat asthma that compete with ZYFLO and, if approved for sale, the controlled-release formulation of zileuton. Many established therapies currently command large market shares in the mild to moderate asthma market, including Merck & Co., Inc.’s Singulair^®, GlaxoSmithKline plc’s Advair^® and inhaled corticosteroid products. We will also face competition from other pharmaceutical companies seeking to develop drugs for the severe asthma market. The severe asthma market is currently served by the therapies developed for mild to moderate asthma and oral and injectable steroid treatments. One product, Xolair^®, developed jointly by Novartis AG, Genentech, Inc. and Tanox, Inc., was approved in 2004 for severe allergic asthma and had U.S. sales of $320.6 million in 2005.

      Zileuton will also face intense competition if we are able to develop it as a treatment for COPD. COPD is currently treated predominantly with drugs that are indicated for use in asthma only or asthma and COPD, anti-cholinergic drugs and lung reduction surgery. Spiriva^®, a once daily muscarinic antagonist from Boehringer Ingleheim GmbH and Pfizer, has been approved in Europe and the United States. Other novel approaches are also in the development process.

      Our therapeutic programs directed toward the body’s inflammatory response will compete predominantly with therapies that have been approved for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, like Amgen, Inc.’s Enbrel^®, Johnson & Johnson’s Remicade^®, and Abbott Laboratories’ Humira^®, and diseases such as sepsis, like Eli Lilly and Company’s Xigris^®.

      Our competitors’ products may be safer, more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any of our products. Many of our competitors have:

      We will face competition based on the safety and effectiveness of our products, the timing and scope of regulatory approvals, the availability and cost of supply, marketing and sales capabilities, reimbursement coverage, price, patent position and other factors. Our competitors may develop or commercialize more effective, safer or more affordable products, or obtain more effective patent protection, than we are able to. Accordingly, our competitors may commercialize products more rapidly or effectively than we are able to, which would adversely affect our competitive position, the likelihood that our product candidates will achieve initial market acceptance and our ability to generate meaningful revenues from our product candidates. Even if our product candidates achieve initial market acceptance, competitive products may render our products obsolete or noncompetitive. If our product candidates are rendered obsolete, we may not be able to recover the expenses of developing and commercializing those product candidates.

      We will need to continue to expand our administrative and operational infrastructure to support the growth in our business. As we advance our product candidates through clinical trials, we will need to continue to expand our development, regulatory and sales capabilities or contract with third parties to provide these capabilities for us. As our operations expand, we expect that we will need to manage additional relationships with various collaborators, suppliers and other third parties. Our need to manage our operations and growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, our reporting systems and our procedures in the United States and the other countries in which we operate. We may not be able to implement improvements to our management information and control systems in an efficient or timely manner, or we may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls that could expose us to an increased risk of incurring financial or accounting irregularities or fraud.

      We depend on the principal members of our scientific and management staff, including Paul D. Rubin, M.D., our President and Chief Executive Officer, Frederick Finnegan, our Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Walter Newman, Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer and Senior Vice President of Research and Development, Trevor Phillips, Ph.D., our Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice President of Operations and Frank E. Thomas, our Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President of Finance and Treasurer. The loss of any of these individuals’ services would diminish the knowledge and experience that we, as an organization, possess and might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or commercialization objectives and could cause us to incur additional costs to recruit replacement executive personnel. We do not maintain key person life insurance on any of these individuals or any of our other scientific and management staff.

      Our success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific and management personnel such as these individuals. We expect that our potential expansion into areas and activities requiring additional expertise, such as clinical trials, governmental approvals, contract manufacturing and sales and marketing, will place additional requirements on our management, operational and financial resources. We expect these demands will require us to hire additional management and scientific personnel and will require our existing management personnel to develop additional expertise. We face intense competition for personnel. The failure to attract and retain personnel or to develop such expertise could delay or halt the research, development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates.

      We are subject to extensive regulation by Federal and state governments. The laws that directly or indirectly affect our business include, but are not limited to, the following:

      If our past or present operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or other governmental regulations to which we or our customers are subject, we may be subject to the applicable penalty associated with the violation, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid programs and curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Similarly, if our customers are found non-compliant with applicable laws, they may be subject to sanctions, which could also have a negative impact on us. In addition, if we are required to obtain permits or licenses under these laws that we do not already possess, we may become subject to substantial additional regulation or incur significant expense. Any penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or restructuring of our operations would adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Healthcare fraud and abuse regulations are complex, and even minor irregularities can potentially give rise to claims of a violation. The risk of our being found in violation of these laws is increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by the regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations, and additional legal or regulatory change.

      If our promotional activities fail to comply with the FDA’s regulations or guidelines, we may be subject to enforcement action by the FDA. For example, we received a warning letter from the FDA on November 8, 2005 relating to certain promotional material that included an illustration of the mechanism of action for ZYFLO. The FDA asserted that the promotional material incorporating the illustration was false or misleading because it presented efficacy claims for ZYFLO, but failed to contain fair balance by not communicating the risks associated with its use and failing to present the approved indication for ZYFLO. In response to the warning letter, and as requested by the FDA, we stopped disseminating the promotional material containing the mechanism of action and we provided a written response to the FDA. As part of our response, we provided a description of our plan to disseminate corrective messages about the promotional material to those who received this material. We revised the promotional material containing the mechanism of action to address the FDA’s concerns regarding fair balance. If our promotional activities fail to comply with the FDA’s regulations or guidelines, we could be subject to additional regulatory actions by the FDA, including product seizure, injunctions, and other penalties and our reputation and the reputation of ZYFLO in the market could be harmed.

      Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention from operating our business and damage our reputation or our brands. If there is a change in law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretations, we may have to change or discontinue our business practices or our existing business practices could be challenged as unlawful, which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

      In recent years, several states, including California, Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, Vermont and West Virginia, and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical companies to establish marketing and promotional compliance programs and file periodic reports with the state on sales, marketing, pricing, reporting pricing and other activities. For example, California has enacted a statute effective July 1, 2005 requiring pharmaceutical companies to adopt and post on their public web site a comprehensive compliance program that is in accordance with the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals and the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services Compliance Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers. In addition, such compliance program must establish a specific annual dollar limit on gifts or other items given to individual healthcare professionals in California.

      Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, Vermont, West Virginia and the District of Columbia have also enacted statutes of varying scope that impose reporting and disclosure requirements upon pharmaceutical companies pertaining to drug pricing and payments and costs associated with pharmaceutical marketing, advertising and promotional activities, as well as restrictions upon the types of gifts that may be provided to healthcare practitioners. Similar legislation is being considered in a number of other states. Many of these requirements are new and uncertain, and available guidance is limited. We are in the process of identifying the universe of state laws applicable to pharmaceutical companies and are taking steps to ensure that we come into compliance with all such laws. Unless and until we are in full compliance with these laws, we could face enforcement action and fines and other penalties, and could receive adverse publicity, all of which could materially harm our business.

      The development, manufacturing, pricing, marketing, sales and reimbursement of ZYFLO and our product candidates, together with our general operations, are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and other authorities within the United States and numerous entities outside of the United States. We are a relatively small company, with 175 employees as of December 31, 2005, the majority of whom joined us in 2005. We rely heavily on third parties to conduct many important functions. While we have developed and instituted a corporate compliance program based on what we believe are the current best practices and continue to update the program in response to newly implemented and changing regulatory requirements, it is possible that we may not be in compliance with all potentially applicable regulations. If we fail to comply with any of these regulations, we could be subject to a range of regulatory actions, including significant fines, litigation or other sanctions. Any action against us for a violation of these regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention and harm our reputation.

      As a publicly traded company, we are subject to significant legal and regulatory requirements, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related regulations, some of which have either only recently been adopted or are subject to change. For example, we are incurring additional expenses and devoting significant management time and attention to evaluating our internal control systems in order to allow our management to report on, and our independent accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If the controls and procedures that we implement do not comply with all of the relevant rules and regulations of the Securities and

Exchange Commission and the Nasdaq National Market, we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, including the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Nasdaq National Market. This type of action could adversely affect our financial results or investors’ confidence in our company and our ability to access the capital markets. If we fail to develop and maintain adequate controls and procedures, we may be unable to provide the required financial information in a timely and reliable manner, which could cause a decline in our stock price.

      Our sales of ZYFLO are dependent, in part, on the availability of reimbursement from third-party payors such as state and Federal governments, under programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, and private insurance plans. There have been, there are and we expect there will continue to be, state and Federal legislative and administrative proposals that could limit the amount that state or Federal governments will pay to reimburse the cost of pharmaceutical and biologic products. The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, or the MMA, was signed into law in December 2003. We cannot predict the full impact of the MMA and its regulatory requirements on our business. However, legislative or administrative acts that reduce reimbursement for our products could adversely impact our business. In addition, we believe that private insurers, such as managed care organizations, or MCOs, may adopt their own reimbursement reductions in response to legislation. Any reduction in reimbursement for our products could materially harm our results of operations. In addition, we believe that the increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States has and will continue to put pressure on the price and usage of our products, which may adversely impact our product sales. Furthermore, when a new drug product is approved, governmental and private reimbursement for that product, and the amount for which that product will be reimbursed, are uncertain. We cannot predict the availability or amount of reimbursement for ZYFLO or our product candidates, including those at a late stage of development, and current reimbursement policies for marketed products may change at any time.

      The MMA also establishes a prescription drug benefit beginning in 2006 for all Medicare beneficiaries. We cannot be certain that our products will be included in the Medicare prescription drug benefit. Even if our products are included, the MCOs, health maintenance organizations, or HMOs, preferred provider organizations, or PPOs, and private health plans that administer the Medicare drug benefit have the ability to negotiate price and demand discounts from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that may implicitly create price controls on prescription drugs. On the other hand, the drug benefit may increase the volume of pharmaceutical drug purchases, offsetting at least in part these potential price discounts. In addition, MCOs, HMOs, PPOs, healthcare institutions and other government agencies continue to seek price discounts. Because MCOs, HMOs and PPOs and private health plans will administer the Medicare drug benefit, managed care and private health plans will influence prescription decisions for a larger segment of the population. In addition, certain states have proposed and certain other states have adopted various programs to control prices for senior citizen and drug programs for people with low incomes, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, restrictions on access to certain products, and bulk purchasing of drugs.

      If we succeed in bringing products in addition to ZYFLO to the market, these products may not be considered cost effective and reimbursement to the patient may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our product candidates on a competitive basis to a sufficient patient population. Because our product candidates other than the controlled-release formulation of zileuton are in the development stage, we are unable at this time to determine the cost-effectiveness of these product candidates. We may need to conduct expensive pharmacoeconomic trials in order to demonstrate their cost-effectiveness. Sales of prescription drugs are highly dependent on the availability and level of reimbursement to the consumer from third-party payors, such as government and private insurance plans. These third-party payors frequently require that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts or rebates from list prices, and third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products. Because our product candidates other than the controlled-release formulation of zileuton are in the development

stage, we do not know the level of reimbursement, if any, we will receive for those product candidates if they are successfully developed. If the reimbursement we receive for any of our product candidates is inadequate in light of our development and other costs, our ability to realize profits from the affected product candidate would be limited.

      If reimbursement for our marketed products changes adversely or if we fail to obtain adequate reimbursement for our other current or future products, health care providers may limit how much or under what circumstances they will prescribe or administer them, which could reduce use of our products or cause us to reduce the price of our products.

      On January 1, 2006, we became a participant in the Medicaid rebate program established by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, as amended effective in 1993. Under the Medicaid rebate program, we pay a rebate for each unit of our product reimbursed by Medicaid. The amount of the rebate for each product is set by law. We are also required to pay certain statutorily defined rebates on Medicaid purchases for reimbursement on prescription drugs under state Medicaid plans. Both the Federal government and state governments have initiated investigations into the rebate practices of many pharmaceutical companies to ensure compliance with these rebate programs. Any investigation of our rebate practices could be costly, could divert the attention of our management and could damage our reputation.

      In addition, because ZYFLO was previously marketed by Abbott prior to our licensing it, the rebate that we are required to pay to Medicaid for prescriptions filled by patients covered under a Medicaid program could be substantial. The calculation of the Medicaid rebate is based on the initial pricing set by Abbott with adjustments for inflation each year. Since the price set by Abbott for ZYFLO is below the price we are currently charging, we are subject to a Medicaid rebate of greater than 75% of our selling price. Based on historical prescribing patterns, we expect Medicaid business to be approximately 8% to 12% of total ZYFLO prescriptions. However, if the Medicaid portion of our ZYFLO sales were to increase such that Medicaid represented a larger than expected percentage of the mix of sales for ZYFLO, the increased level of rebates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

      Our business exposes us to significant potential product liability risks that are inherent in the development, manufacturing and marketing and sale of drugs. If the use of ZYFLO or one or more of our product candidates harms people, we may be subject to costly and damaging product liability claims. We currently have a $20.0 million annual aggregate limit for insurance covering both product liability claims for ZYFLO and clinical trial liability claims for our product candidates. We may seek additional product liability insurance prior to marketing the controlled-release formulation of zileuton or any of our other product candidates. However, our insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. Furthermore, product liability and clinical trial insurance is becoming increasingly expensive. As a result, we may be unable to maintain current amounts of insurance coverage, obtain additional insurance or obtain sufficient insurance at a reasonable cost to protect against losses that we have not anticipated in our business plans. Any product liability claim against us, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention and harm our reputation.

      Our research and development work involves, and any future manufacturing processes that we conduct may involve, the use of hazardous, controlled and radioactive materials. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these materials. Despite precautionary procedures that we implement for handling and disposing of these materials, we cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury. In the event of a hazardous waste spill or other accident, we could be liable for damages, penalties or other forms of censure.

      In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to comply with laws and regulations in the future or we may be materially and adversely affected by current or future laws or regulations.

      While we have a property insurance policy that covers bio-contamination up to a $25,000 per-occurrence limit and covers radioactive contamination up to a $25,000 per-occurrence limit, this policy may not provide adequate coverage against potential losses, damages, penalties or costs relating to accidental contamination or injury as a result of hazardous, controlled or radioactive materials.

Risks Relating to Development, Clinical Testing and Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates

      Neither we nor any of our collaborators may market any of our products in the United States, Europe or in any other country without marketing approval from the FDA or the equivalent foreign regulatory agency. ZYFLO is our only commercial product and can only be marketed in the United States. Before we can submit a NDA to the FDA for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, we must generate satisfactory comparative bioavailability data from two clinical trials in healthy volunteers designed to show that our manufactured tablets behave similarly in the body to the tablets that had been manufactured by Abbott. These studies have been completed in the clinic and we are awaiting completion of the analysis of the blood samples generated in the studies. Once these data are known and we complete 6 months of stability assessment, we believe we will be able to submit the NDA in mid-2006. In May 2005, we held a pre-NDA meeting with the FDA, during which the FDA informed us that new review guidance issued in April 2005 limits its ability to accept additional data during the NDA review process. Our strategy has been to file the NDA with six months of stability data and provide additional stability data during the NDA review period. We will continue to work with the FDA to explore what options may be available to us regarding a submission based on an initial six months of stability data. If the FDA requires nine or twelve months of stability data in the original NDA, this could delay our NDA submission for the product candidate by three to six months, depending upon the outcome of discussions with the FDA close to the planned time of filing.

      Abbott conducted all of the preclinical and clinical trials on the controlled-release formulation of zileuton before we in-licensed the product candidate. We intend to rely on the results of these prior pivotal clinical trials to support our NDA. If the FDA does not permit us to rely on the prior clinical data or if the data at the clinical sites do not pass FDA audits, we could be required to repeat some or all of the clinical trials, which would lead to unanticipated costs and delays. Problems with the previous trials, such as incomplete or otherwise unacceptable data, could cause our NDA to be delayed or rejected.

      The regulatory process to obtain market approval or clearance for a new drug or biologic takes many years, requires expenditures of substantial resources, is uncertain and is subject to unanticipated delays. We have had only limited experience in preparing applications and obtaining regulatory approvals and clearances. Adverse side effects of a product candidate in a clinical trial could result in the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities refusing to approve or clear a particular product candidate for any or all indications for use.

      The FDA and foreign regulatory agencies have substantial discretion in the drug approval process and can deny, delay or limit approval of a product candidate for a variety of reasons. If we do not receive required regulatory approval or clearance to market the controlled-release formulation of zileuton or any of our other product candidates under development, our ability to generate product revenue and achieve profitability, our reputation and our ability to raise additional capital will be materially impaired.

      Our product candidates are still in development and remain subject to clinical testing and regulatory approval or clearance. In order to obtain regulatory approvals or clearances for the commercial sale of our product candidates, we and our collaborators will be required to complete extensive clinical trials in humans to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates. We may not be able to obtain authority from the FDA, institutional review boards or other regulatory agencies to commence or complete these clinical trials. If permitted, such clinical testing may not prove that our product candidates are safe and effective to the extent necessary to permit us to obtain marketing approvals or clearances from regulatory authorities. One or more of our product candidates may not exhibit the expected therapeutic results in humans, may cause harmful side effects or have other unexpected characteristics that may delay or preclude submission and regulatory approval or clearance or limit commercial use if approved or cleared. Furthermore, we, one of our collaborators, institutional review boards, or regulatory agencies may hold, suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time if it is believed that the subjects or patients participating in such trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or for other reasons.

      Preclinical testing and clinical trials of new drug and biologic candidates are lengthy and expensive and the historical failure rate for such candidates is high. We may not be able to advance any more product candidates into clinical trials. Even if we do successfully enter into clinical trials, the results from preclinical testing of a product candidate may not predict the results that will be obtained in human clinical trials. In addition, positive results demonstrated in preclinical studies and clinical trials that we complete may not be indicative of results obtained in additional clinical trials. Clinical trials may take several years to complete, and failure can occur at any stage of testing.

      Adverse or inconclusive clinical trial results concerning any of our product candidates could require us to conduct additional clinical trials, result in increased costs and significantly delay the submission for marketing approval or clearance for such product candidates with the FDA or other regulatory authorities or result in a submission or approval for a narrower indication. If clinical trials fail, our product candidates may not become commercially viable.

      We cannot predict whether we will encounter problems with any of our completed, ongoing or planned clinical trials that will cause regulatory authorities, institutional review boards or us to delay or suspend those clinical trials, or delay the analysis of data from our ongoing clinical trials.

      Any of the following could delay the completion of our ongoing and planned clinical trials:

      Our ability to enroll patients in our clinical trials in sufficient numbers and on a timely basis will be subject to a number of factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, competing trials with other product candidates and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. Delays in patient enrollment can result in increased costs and longer development times. In addition, subjects may drop out of our clinical trials and thereby impair the validity or statistical significance of the trials.

      We expect to rely on academic institutions and clinical research organizations to supervise or monitor some or all aspects of the clinical trials for the product candidates we advance into clinical testing. Accordingly, we have less control over the timing and other aspects of these clinical trials than if we conducted them entirely on our own.

      As a result of these factors, we or third parties on whom we rely may not successfully begin or complete our clinical trials in the time periods we have forecasted, if at all. If the results of our ongoing or planned clinical trials for our product candidates are not available when we expect or if we encounter any delay in the analysis of data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials, we may be unable to submit for regulatory approval or clearance or conduct additional clinical trials on the schedule we currently anticipate.

      If clinical trials are delayed, the commercial viability of our product candidates may be reduced. If we incur costs and delays in our programs, or if we do not successfully develop and commercialize our products, our future operating and financial results will be materially affected.

      Our product candidates are subject to continuing regulatory review after approval, including the review of spontaneous adverse drug experiences and clinical results from any post-market testing required as a condition of approval that are reported after our product candidates become commercially available. The manufacturer and the manufacturing facilities we use to make any of our product candidates will also be subject to periodic review and inspection by the FDA. The subsequent discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions on the product or manufacturer or facility, including withdrawal of the product from the market. Our product promotion and advertising will also be subject to regulatory requirements and continuing FDA review.

      If we or our third-party manufacturers or service providers fail to comply with applicable federal, state or foreign laws or regulations, we could be subject to enforcement actions, which could affect our ability to develop, market and sell our product candidates successfully and could harm our reputation and lead to less market acceptance of our product candidates. These enforcement actions include:

Risks Relating to Our Dependence on Third Parties

      We are relying on MedImmune to fund the development of and to commercialize product candidates in our HMGB1 program. We are relying on Beckman Coulter to fund the development and to commercialize diagnostics in our HMGB1 program. All of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 were derived from fees paid to us by MedImmune. Our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005 were derived from fees paid to us by MedImmune and Beckman Coulter under our collaboration agreements with them and revenue from the sale of ZYFLO beginning in the fourth quarter of 2005; however, a significant portion of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005 continued to be derived from our collaboration agreements with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter. Additional payments due to us under the collaboration agreements with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter are generally based on our achievement of specific development and commercialization milestones that we may not meet. In addition, the collaboration agreements entitle us to royalty payments that are based on the sales of products developed and marketed through the collaborations. These future royalty payments may not materialize or may be less than expected if the related products are not successfully developed or marketed or if we are forced to license intellectual property from third parties. Accordingly, we cannot predict if our collaborations with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter will continue to generate revenues for us.

      Our collaboration agreement with MedImmune generally is terminable by MedImmune at any time upon six months notice or upon our material uncured breach of the agreement. Under the collaboration agreement, we are obligated to use commercially reasonable, good faith efforts to conduct the collaboration in accordance with rolling three-year research plans that describe and allocate between MedImmune and us responsibility for, among other things, the proposed research, preclinical studies, toxicology formulation

activities and clinical studies for that time period. In addition, we and MedImmune agreed to work exclusively in the development and commercialization of HMGB1-inhibiting products for a period of four years, and, after such time, we have agreed to work exclusively with MedImmune in the development of HMGB1-inhibiting products for the remaining term of the agreement. If MedImmune were to terminate or breach our arrangement, and we were unable to enter into a similar collaboration agreement with another qualified third party in a timely manner or devote sufficient financial resources or capabilities to continue development and commercialization on our own, the development and commercialization of our HMGB1 program likely would be delayed, curtailed or terminated. The delay or termination of our HMGB1 program could significantly harm our future prospects. We intend to enter into collaboration agreements with other parties in the future that relate to other product candidates, and we are likely to have similar risks with regard to any such future collaborations.

      Our license agreement with Beckman Coulter relating to diagnostic assays for HMGB1 will terminate if Beckman Coulter does not exercise its option to continue the license by a future date. In addition, Beckman Coulter has the right to terminate the license agreement on 90-days written notice. Each party has the right to terminate the license agreement upon the occurrence of a material uncured breach by the other party. If Beckman Coulter were to terminate or breach our arrangement, and we were unable to enter into a similar agreement with another qualified third party in a timely manner or devote sufficient financial resources or capabilities to continue development and commercialization on our own, the development and commercialization of a diagnostic based on the detection of HMGB1 likely would be delayed, curtailed or terminated.

      In addition, our collaborations with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter and any future collaborative arrangements that we enter into with third parties may not be scientifically or commercially successful. Factors that may affect the success of our collaborations include the following:

      We have no manufacturing facilities and limited manufacturing experience. In order to continue to develop product candidates, apply for regulatory approvals and commercialize products, we need to develop, contract for or otherwise arrange for the necessary manufacturing capabilities. We currently rely on third parties for production of commercial supplies of the zileuton API and ZYFLO and the production of our product candidates for preclinical and clinical testing purposes. We expect to continue to rely on third parties for these purposes for the foreseeable future.

      We have contracted with Rhodia Pharma Solutions Ltd. for commercial production of the zileuton API, subject to specified limitations, through December 31, 2009. Rhodia SA, the parent company of

Rhodia Pharma Solutions, has experienced significant operating losses since 2001. In 2003, Rhodia SA initiated a corporate reorganization plan to refocus its business portfolio, and has divested a number of its operating units since that time. In addition, Rhodia SA publicly announced that it incurred a €101 million charge in the second quarter of 2005 to fully write off the value of Rhodia Pharma Solutions. On January 5, 2006, Rhodia SA announced that it had signed a letter of intent to sell Rhodia Pharma Solutions to Shasun Chemicals & Drugs Ltd., which is listed on the Bombay stock exchange. Rhodia has announced that this sale will complete in the first half of 2006. Based on discussions with Rhodia, we expect that the manufacture of zileuton API will not be affected by the sale. The manufacturing process for the zileuton API involves an exothermic reaction that generates heat and, if not properly controlled by the safety and protection mechanisms in place at the manufacturing sites, could result in unintended combustion of the product. The manufacture of the API could be disrupted or delayed if a batch is discontinued or damaged, if the manufacturing sites were damaged, or if local health and safety regulations require a third-party manufacturer to implement additional safety procedures or cease production.

      We have contracted with Patheon Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the manufacture of commercial supplies of ZYFLO tablets. We have contracted with Patheon for a technology transfer program to enable Patheon to coat and package the core tablets of the controlled-release formulation of zileuton for clinical trials and regulatory review, and, subject to negotiation of a commercial manufacturing agreement, commercial supplies.

      We have contracted with SkyePharma PLC, through its subsidiary Jagotec AG, for the manufacture of tablets of the controlled-release formulation of zileuton for clinical trials, regulatory review and, subject to negotiation of a commercial manufacturing agreement, commercial supplies. SkyePharma announced that it was the target of an unsolicited acquisition bid in November 2005. SkyePharma subsequently announced that it had retained an investment bank to consider strategic options, including the sale of the company. In February 2006, SkyePharma announced a new senior management team and the conclusion of its strategic review, deciding to concentrate on oral and pulmonary products and divest its injectable business. Sale of SkyePharma as a whole or in parts may impact our ability to produce the controlled-release formulation of zileuton and may affect our schedule for the submission of the NDA for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton.

      We have not secured a long-term commercial supply arrangement for any of our product candidates other than the zileuton API. The manufacturing process for our product candidates is an element of the FDA approval process. We will need to contract with manufacturers who can meet the FDA requirements, including current Good Manufacturing Practices, on an ongoing basis. As part of obtaining regulatory approval for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, we are required to engage a commercial manufacturer to produce registration and validation batches of the drug consistent with regulatory approval requirements. In addition, if we receive the necessary regulatory approval for our product candidates, we also expect to rely on third parties, including our collaborators, to produce materials required for commercial production. We may experience difficulty in obtaining adequate manufacturing capacity or timing for our needs. If we are unable to obtain or maintain contract manufacturing of these product candidates, or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, we may not be able to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates.

      We are dependent upon Rhodia Pharma Solutions, Patheon and SkyePharma as sole providers, and will be dependent on any other third parties who manufacture our product candidates, to perform their obligations in a timely manner and in accordance with applicable government regulations. If third-party manufacturers with whom we contract fail to perform their obligations, we may be adversely affected in a number of ways, including the following:

      If we were required to change manufacturers for the zileuton API, ZYFLO or the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, we would be required to verify that the new manufacturer maintains facilities and procedures that comply with quality standards and all applicable regulations and guidelines, including FDA requirements and approved NDA product specifications. Any delays associated with the verification of a new manufacturer could adversely affect our production schedule or increase our production costs.

      Sumitomo is currently the only qualified supplier of a chemical known as 2-ABT, one of the starting materials for the zileuton API. Rhodia Pharma Solutions, which supplies us with the zileuton API, has an agreement with Sumitomo for the supply of 2-ABT. If Sumitomo stops manufacturing or is unable to manufacture 2-ABT, or if Rhodia is unable to procure 2-ABT from Sumitomo on commercially reasonable terms, we may be unable to continue to sell ZYFLO on commercially viable terms, if at all. In addition, Rhodia’s inability to procure 2-ABT could also impact our ability to commercialize the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, if it is approved by the FDA. Furthermore, because Sumitomo is currently the sole supplier of 2-ABT, Sumitomo has unilateral control over the price of 2-ABT. Any increase in the price for 2-ABT may reduce our gross margins.

      We rely on third parties to distribute ZYFLO to pharmacies. We have contracted with Integrated Commercialization Services, Inc., or ICS, a third-party logistics company, to warehouse ZYFLO and distribute it to three primary wholesalers, AmerisourceBergen Corporation, Cardinal Health and McKesson Corporation, and a number of smaller wholesalers. The wholesalers in turn distribute it to chain and independent pharmacies. ICS is our exclusive supplier of commercial distribution logistics services. We rely on Phoenix Marketing Group LLC to distribute ZYFLO samples to our sales representatives, who in turn distribute samples to physicians and other prescribers who are authorized under state law to receive and dispense samples. We have contracted with RxHope, Inc. to implement a patient assistance program for ZYFLO. We rely on RxHope to administer our patient assistance program and to distribute ZYFLO to physicians and other prescribers who are authorized under state law to receive and dispense samples.

      This distribution network requires significant coordination with our supply chain, sales and marketing and finance organizations. Failure to maintain our contracts with our logistics company, the wholesalers, Phoenix and RxHope, or the inability or failure of any of them to adequately perform as agreed under their respective contracts with us, could negatively impact us. We do not have our own warehouse or distribution capabilities, and moreover we lack the resources and experience to establish any of these functions and do not intend to do so in the foreseeable future. We would be unable to replace ICS, AmerisourceBergen, Cardinal, McKesson, Phoenix or RxHope in a timely manner in the event of a natural disaster, failure to meet FDA and other regulatory requirements, business failure, strike or any other difficulty affecting any of them, and the distribution of ZYFLO could be delayed or interrupted, damaging our results of operations and market position. Failure to coordinate financial systems could also negatively impact our ability to accurately report and forecast product sales and fulfill our regulatory obligations. If we are unable to effectively manage and maintain our distribution network, sales of ZYFLO could be severely compromised and our business could be harmed.

      Our drug development programs and potential commercialization of our product candidates will require substantial additional cash to fund expenses to be incurred in connection with these activities. We

may seek to enter into additional collaboration agreements with pharmaceutical companies to fund all or part of the costs of drug development and commercialization of product candidates. We may not be able to enter into future collaboration agreements, and the terms of the collaboration agreements, if any, may not be favorable to us. If we are not successful in efforts to enter into a collaboration arrangement with respect to a product candidate, we may not have sufficient funds to develop any of our product candidates internally. If we do not have sufficient funds to develop our product candidates, we will not be able to bring these product candidates to market and generate revenue. In addition, our inability to enter into collaboration agreements could delay or preclude the development, manufacture and/or commercialization of a product candidate and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations because:

      For product candidates with large target physician markets, we plan to rely significantly on sales, marketing and distribution arrangements with third parties. For example, we plan to rely on MedImmune for the commercialization of any anti-HMGB1 products that we develop, and we plan to rely on Beckman Coulter for the commercialization of any diagnostic assay for HMGB1. We may not be successful in entering into additional marketing arrangements in the future and, even if successful, we may not be able to enter into these arrangements on terms that are favorable to us. In addition, we may have limited or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution activities of these third parties. If these third parties are not successful in commercializing the products covered by these arrangements, our future revenues may suffer.

Risks Relating to Intellectual Property and Licenses

      Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect proprietary products, methods and technologies that we invent and develop under the patent and other intellectual property laws of the United States and other countries, so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. Because certain U.S. patent applications are confidential until patents issue, such as applications filed prior to November 29, 2000, or applications filed after such date that will not be filed in foreign countries and for which a request for non-publication is filed, third parties may have already filed patent applications for technology covered by our pending patent applications, and our patent applications may not have priority over any patent applications of others. There may also be prior art that may prevent allowance of our patent applications.

      Our patent strategy depends on our ability to rapidly identify and seek patent protection for our discoveries. This process is expensive and time consuming, and we may not be able to file and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely or successful manner. Moreover, the mere issuance of a patent does not guarantee that it is valid or enforceable. As a result, even if we obtain patents, they may not be valid or enforceable against third parties.

      Our pending patent applications may not result in issued patents. In addition, the patent positions of pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, including ours, are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and factual considerations. The standards that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and its foreign counterparts use to grant patents are not always applied predictably or uniformly and can change. There is

also no uniform, worldwide policy regarding the subject matter and scope of claims granted or allowable in pharmaceutical or biotechnology patents. Accordingly, we do not know the degree of future protection for our proprietary rights or the breadth of claims which will be allowed in any patents issued to us or to others with respect to our products in the future.

      We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and technology, which are not protected by patents, to maintain our competitive position. If any trade secret, know-how or other technology not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to, or independently developed by a competitor, any competitive advantage that we may have had in the development or commercialization of our product candidates would be minimized or eliminated.

      Our success will depend in part on our ability to uphold and enforce the patents or patent applications owned or co-owned by us or licensed to us that cover our products and product candidates. Litigation, interferences or other adversarial proceedings relating to our patents or applications could take place in the United States in a federal court or in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other administrative agencies. These proceedings could also take place in a foreign country, in either the court or the patent office of that country. Proceedings involving our patents or patent applications could result in adverse decisions regarding:

      These proceedings are costly and time consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial cost and divert time and attention of our management and scientific personnel in pursuit of these proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

      Our success will also depend in part on our ability to avoid infringement of the patent rights of others. For example, we are aware of third-party patents and patent applications that relate to a class of chemicals known as pyruvates, of which CTI-01, one of our product candidates currently in development, is a member. We believe that our anticipated uses of CTI-01 do not infringe any valid third-party patents. If any use of CTI-01 that we pursue for a particular indication were found to infringe a valid third-party patent, we could be precluded from selling CTI-01 for that indication and be forced to pay damages.

      If it is determined that we do infringe a patent right of another, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patent in court. In addition, if we are not successful in infringement litigation brought against us and we do not license or develop non-infringing technology, we may:

      If any parties should successfully claim that our creation or use of proprietary technologies infringes upon their intellectual property rights, we might be forced to pay damages. In addition to any damages we might have to pay, a court could require us to stop the infringing activity. Moreover, any legal action

against us or our collaborators claiming damages and seeking to enjoin commercial activities relating to the affected products and processes could, in addition to subjecting us to potential liability for damages, require us or our collaborators to obtain a license in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected products and processes. Any such required license may not be made available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, some licenses may be non-exclusive and, therefore, our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us.

      If we fail to obtain a required license or are unable to design around a patent, we may be unable to effectively market some of our technology or products, which could limit our ability to generate revenues or achieve profitability and possibly prevent us from generating revenue sufficient to sustain our operations. In addition, our MedImmune collaboration provides that a portion of the royalties payable to us by MedImmune for licenses to our intellectual property may be offset by amounts paid by MedImmune to third parties who have competing or superior intellectual property positions in the relevant fields, which could result in significant reductions in our revenues.

      Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could limit our ability to continue our operations.

      We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to third-party intellectual property that is necessary for our business. In fact, we acquired the rights to each of our product candidates under licenses with third parties. These licenses impose various development, commercialization, funding, royalty, diligence and other obligations on us. If we breach these obligations, our licensors may have the right to terminate the licenses or render the licenses non-exclusive, which would result in our being unable to develop, manufacture and sell products that are covered by the licensed technology, or at least to do so on an exclusive basis.

      In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, it is our general practice to enter into confidentiality agreements with our collaborators, employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information and, in such cases, we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

Risks Relating to Our Financial Results and Need for Additional Financing

      We have experienced significant operating losses in each year since our inception in 2000. We had net losses of $47.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2005, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $105.6 million. As of December 31, 2005, we recorded $387,000 of revenue from the sale of ZYFLO and have not recorded revenue from any other product. We expect that we will continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future as we spend significant amounts to fund our research, development and commercialization efforts and to enhance our core technologies. We expect that the losses that we incur will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and that these fluctuations may

be substantial. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability. Until we are able to generate such revenues, we will need to raise substantial additional capital to fund our operations.

      We expect to devote substantial resources to continue our research and development efforts, including preclinical testing and clinical trials, expand our sales and marketing infrastructure, achieve regulatory approvals, commercialize ZYFLO and, subject to regulatory approval, commercially launch the controlled-release formulation of zileuton and any future product candidates. Our funding requirements will depend on numerous factors, including:

      Other than payments that we receive from our collaborations with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter, we expect that sales of ZYFLO will represent our only source of operating income until we commercially launch the controlled-release formulation of zileuton if it is approved. In addition to the foregoing factors, we believe that our ability to access external funds will depend upon the market acceptance of ZYFLO, the success of our other preclinical and clinical development programs, the receptivity of the capital markets to financings by biopharmaceutical companies, our ability to enter into additional strategic collaborations with corporate and academic collaborators and the success of such collaborations.

      The extent of our future capital requirements is difficult to assess and will depend largely on our ability to sell ZYFLO and obtain regulatory approval for and successfully commercialize the controlled-release formulation of zileuton. Based on our operating plans, we believe that our available cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash received from product sales and anticipated payments received under collaboration agreements will be sufficient to fund anticipated levels of operations until the second quarter of 2007.

      For the year ended December 31, 2005, our net cash used for operating activities was $45.0 million and we had capital expenditures of $2.2 million. If our existing resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements or if we acquire or license rights to additional product candidates, we may need to raise additional external funds through collaborative arrangements and public or private financings. Additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, the terms of the financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders. For example, if we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, further dilution to our then-existing stockholders will result. If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly delay, limit or eliminate one or more of our research, development or commercialization programs, which could harm our financial condition and operating results. We also could be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish rights to some of our technologies, product candidates or products which we would otherwise pursue on our own.

      Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, the amounts of charges accrued by us and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We cannot assure you, however, that our estimates, or the assumptions underlying them, will be correct. If our estimates are inaccurate, this could adversely affect our stock price.

      Accounting methods and policies for business and market practices of biopharmaceutical companies are subject to review, interpretation and guidance from relevant accounting authorities, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. For example, a new accounting rule, which will become effective for us on January 1, 2006, requires us to record stock-based compensation expense for the fair value of stock options granted to employees. We rely heavily on stock options to compensate existing employees and attract new employees. Adoption of the new accounting rule on stock-based compensation expense is expected to increase net losses or reduce net income in future periods. Because we will be required to expense stock options, we may reduce our reliance on stock options as a compensation tool. If we reduce our reliance on stock options, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified employees. If we do not reduce our reliance on stock options, our reported losses would increase. Although we believe that our accounting practices are consistent with current accounting pronouncements, changes to or interpretations of accounting methods or policies in the future may require us to reclassify, restate or otherwise change or revise our financial statements.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

      The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to factors that are beyond our control. The stock market in general has recently experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. The market prices of securities of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have been extremely volatile, and have experienced fluctuations that often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations could result in extreme fluctuations in the price of our common stock, which could cause a decline in the value of our common stock.

      Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. A number of factors, many of which are not within our control, could subject our operating results and stock price to volatility, including:

      Due to the possibility of significant fluctuations, we do not believe that quarterly comparisons of our operating results will necessarily be indicative of our future operating performance. If our quarterly operating results fail to meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors, the price of our common stock may decline.

      The market price of our common stock may be subject to substantial volatility as a result of announcements by us or other companies in our industry, including our collaborators. Announcements which may subject the price of our common stock to substantial volatility include announcements regarding:

      As of February 28, 2006, our directors, executive officers and 5% or greater stockholders, together with their affiliates, to our knowledge, beneficially owned, in the aggregate, approximately 64.7% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, our directors, executive officers and 5% or greater stockholders, together with their affiliates, if acting together, may have the ability to determine the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election and removal of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these persons, acting together, may have the ability to control the management and affairs of our company. Accordingly, this concentration of ownership may harm the market price of our common stock by:

      We are incorporated in Delaware. Anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our charter documents may make a change in control more difficult, even if the stockholders desire a change in control. For example, our anti-takeover provisions include provisions in our by-laws providing that stockholders’ meetings may be called only by the president or the majority of the board of directors and a provision in our certificate of incorporation providing that our stockholders may not take action by written consent.

      Additionally, our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to determine the terms of those shares of stock without any further action by our stockholders. The rights of holders of our common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred stock that we issue. As a result, our issuance of preferred stock could cause the market value of our common stock to decline and could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock.

      Delaware law also prohibits a corporation from engaging in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock until the holder has held the stock for three years unless, among other possibilities, the board of directors approves the transaction. The board may use this provision to prevent changes in our management. Also, under applicable Delaware law, our board of directors may adopt additional anti-takeover measures in the future.

      Not applicable.

      We lease a facility that contains approximately 40,200 square feet of laboratory and office space in Lexington, Massachusetts, which we occupied and began leasing in March 2004. The lease expires on April 1, 2009. We believe our facilities are sufficient to meet our needs for the foreseeable future and, if needed, additional space will be available in the near term at a reasonable cost to us.

      We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

      No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders, through solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the last quarter of the year ended December 31, 2005.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

      Our executive officers, their ages and their positions as of February 28, 2006 are as follows:

      Paul Rubin, M.D. has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since August 2002 and as a member of our board of directors since October 2002. From April 1996 to August 2002, Dr. Rubin served as Executive Vice President of Research and Development for Sepracor, Inc., a pharmaceutical company. From July 1993 to March 1996, Dr. Rubin served as Vice President and Worldwide Director Early Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology for GlaxoWellcome, Inc., a pharmaceutical company. From June 1987 to June 1993, Dr. Rubin served as Vice President of Immunology and Endocrine Development for Abbott Laboratories, a health care company. Dr. Rubin holds a B.S. in Biology from Occidental College and an M.D. from Rush Medical College.

      Frederick Finnegan has served as our Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing since December 2004 and as our Vice President of Sales and Marketing from September 2003 to December 2004. From April 2001 to March 2003, Mr. Finnegan served as Vice President of New Products Marketing for Genzyme Corporation, a biotechnology company. From July 1990 to April 2001, Mr. Finnegan served in a number of marketing and sales assignments for Merck & Co., a pharmaceutical company, including most recently as Senior Director, New Products/ Anti-Infectives Worldwide Human Health Division, with responsibility for worldwide marketing of in-line and pre-launch products. Mr. Finnegan holds a B.S. in Business Administration and Pre-Medical Sciences from the University of New Hampshire and an M.S. in Management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management.

      Walter Newman, Ph.D. has served as our Chief Scientific Officer since May 2002, as our Senior Vice President of Research and Development since November 2005, as our Senior Vice President Research and Discovery from December 2004 to November 2005, and as our Vice President of Research and Discovery from May 2002 to December 2004. From October 2001 to May 2002, Dr. Newman served as an independent consultant to companies in the biotechnology industry. From January 2000 to September 2001, Dr. Newman served as Senior Vice President of Biotherapeutics for Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a pharmaceutical company. From April 1993 to December 1999, Dr. Newman served as Senior Vice President of Research for LeukoSite, Inc., a biotechnology company. Dr. Newman holds a B.S. in Chemistry and a Ph.D. in Immunochemistry from Columbia University.

      Trevor Phillips, Ph.D. has served as our Chief Operating Officer since November 2003, as our Senior Vice President of Operations since December 2004, as our Secretary from March 2004 to September 2004, as our Treasurer from September 2003 to May 2004 and as our Vice President of Operations from October 2002 to December 2004. From November 2001 to September 2002, Dr. Phillips served as Senior Program Director for Sepracor, Inc., a pharmaceutical company. From October 1999 to November 2001, Dr. Phillips served as Director of Drug Development, Strategy and Planning for Scotia Holdings plc, a biotechnology company. From March 1997 to October 1999, Dr. Phillips served as a Senior Manager, Strategic Planning for Accenture Ltd. (formerly known as Andersen Consulting), a management consulting company. From March 1990 to March 1997, Dr. Phillips served in a variety of positions,

including Director of Strategic Direction, for GlaxoWellcome plc, a pharmaceutical company. Dr. Phillips holds a B.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Reading, a Ph.D. in Microbial Biochemistry from the University of Wales and an M.B.A from Henley Management College.

      Frank E. Thomas has served as our Chief Financial Officer since April 2004, as our Treasurer since May 2004, as our Senior Vice President of Finance since December 2004 and as our Vice President of Finance from June 2004 to December 2004. From February 2000 to April 2004, Mr. Thomas served in a variety of finance positions with Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, including most recently as Chief Financial Officer. Esperion was acquired by Pfizer Inc. in February 2004. From September 1997 to March 2000, Mr. Thomas served as Director of Finance and Corporate Controller for Mechanical Dynamics, Inc., a publicly-held software company. Prior to that, Mr. Thomas was a manager with Arthur Andersen LLP where he was a certified public accountant. Mr. Thomas holds a Bachelor in Business Administration from the University of Michigan.

      Scott B. Townsend, J.D. has served as our Vice President of Legal Affairs since August 2004 and as our Secretary since September 2004. From August 2000 to August 2004, Mr. Townsend was employed by the law firm Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (formerly known as Hale and Dorr LLP) as a junior partner from May 2002 to August 2004 and as an associate from August 2000 to May 2002. Mr. Townsend was an associate with the law firm Kilpatrick Stockton LLP in Charlotte, North Carolina from July 1999 to July 2000 and an associate with the law firm Goodwin Procter LLP in Boston, Massachusetts from September 1997 to July 1999. Mr. Townsend holds an A.B. in Economics and Government from Bowdoin College and a J.D. from The University of Virginia School of Law.

PART II

Market Price of and Dividends on Critical Therapeutics’ Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters

      Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “CRTX” on May 27, 2004. The following table sets forth, for the period indicated, the high and low closing sales prices of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market.

      On February 28, 2006, the closing price per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market was $5.44, and we had approximately 116 stockholders of record. This number does not include beneficial owners for whom shares are held by nominees in street name.

      We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business, and we do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Pursuant to our credit agreement with Silicon

Valley Bank, we are required to obtain Silicon Valley Bank’s prior written consent before paying any dividends.

Calculation of Aggregate Market Value of Non-Affiliate Shares

      For purposes of calculating the aggregate market value of shares of our common stock held by non-affiliates as set forth on the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have assumed that all outstanding shares are held by non-affiliates, except for shares held by each of our executive officers, directors and 5% or greater stockholders. However, this assumption should not be deemed to constitute an admission that all executive officers, directors and 5% or greater stockholders are, in fact, affiliates of our company, or that there are not other persons who may be deemed to be affiliates of our company. Further information concerning shareholdings of our officers, directors and principal stockholders is included or incorporated by reference in Part II, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Uses of Proceeds From Registered Securities

      Not applicable.

      In June 2004, we sold 6,110,000 shares of our common stock in our initial public offering, including 110,000 shares upon the exercise of an over-allotment option by the underwriters, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-113727), which was declared effective by the SEC on May 26, 2004. Our net proceeds from the offering equaled approximately $37.8 million. Through December 31, 2005, we have used:

      We have not used any of the net proceeds from the offering to make payments, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers, or any of their associates, to any person owning 10 percent or more of our common stock or to any affiliate of ours. The balance of the net proceeds of the offering is invested in short-term investment grade corporate and U.S. government securities.

      This section presents our historical consolidated financial data. You should read carefully the following selected consolidated financial data together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this report, and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of this report. The selected consolidated financial data in this section are not intended to replace our consolidated financial statements.

      We derived the statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included at the end of this report. We derived the statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results. You should read the notes to our consolidated financial statements for an explanation of the method used to determine the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share.

      You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations together with the “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” section of this annual report on Form 10-K and our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing in this report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements due to important factors including, but not limited to, those set forth in Item 1A — Risk Factors appearing elsewhere in this report.

Financial Operations Overview

      We are a biopharmaceutical company and have devoted substantially all of our efforts since inception to the commercialization of our recently launched product, ZYFLO, research and development and in-licensing of product candidates designed to treat respiratory, inflammatory and critical care diseases linked to the body’s inflammatory response. ZYFLO is approved by the FDA for the prevention and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children 12 years of age and older. We were incorporated in July 2000 as Medicept, Inc. and changed our name to Critical Therapeutics, Inc. in March 2001. We completed an initial public offering of our common stock in June 2004, and our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq National Market.

      We began selling ZYFLO in the United States in October 2005. In addition, we believe that zileuton has potential therapeutic benefits in a range of other diseases and conditions, such as acute asthma exacerbations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, and nasal polyposis. We are currently incurring costs to expand the potential applications of zileuton through development of additional formulations, including controlled-release and intravenous formulations. We are also developing product candidates to regulate the excessive inflammatory response that can damage vital internal organs and, in the most severe cases, result in multiple organ failure and death.

      Since our inception, we have incurred significant losses each year. As of December 31, 2005, we had an accumulated deficit of $105.6 million. We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future and we may never achieve profitability at all. Although the size and timing of our future operating losses are subject to significant uncertainty, we expect our operating losses to continue over the next several years as we fund our development programs, market and sell ZYFLO and prepare for the potential commercial launch of our product candidates. Since inception, we have raised proceeds to fund our operations through our initial public offering of common stock, private placements of equity securities, debt financings, the receipt of interest income, payments from our collaborators MedImmune and Beckman Coulter, and, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2005, revenues from sales of ZYFLO.

      In July 2003, we entered into an exclusive license and collaboration agreement with MedImmune for the discovery and development of novel drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases associated with HMGB1. Under this collaboration, MedImmune paid us initial fees of $12.5 million in 2003 and an additional $2.75 million in 2005 and $1.5 million in 2004 for milestone payments and to fund certain research expenses incurred by us for the HMGB1 program.

      In June 2004, we sold 6,110,000 shares of our common stock in our initial public offering, including 110,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ partial exercise of their over-allotment option. Our net proceeds from the offering were approximately $37.8 million.

      In January 2005, we entered into a license agreement with Beckman Coulter relating to the development of diagnostics for measuring HMGB1. In consideration for the license, Beckman Coulter paid us a product evaluation license fee of $250,000 in February 2005.

      In June 2005, we sold 9,945,261 shares of our common stock, together with warrants to purchase an additional 3,480,842 shares of our common stock, to institutional and other accredited investors. Our net proceeds from the private placement were approximately $51.4 million.

      Revenues. From our inception on July 14, 2000 through the third quarter of 2005, we derived all of our revenues from license fees, research and development payments and milestone payments that we have received from our collaboration agreements with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we began shipping our first commercial product, ZYFLO. We recorded $387,000 in product revenue for the year ended December 31, 2005.

      Cost of products sold. Cost of products sold consists of manufacturing, distribution and other costs related to our commercial product, ZYFLO. In addition, it includes royalties to third parties related to ZYFLO. Most of our manufacturing and distribution costs are paid to third party manufacturers. However, there are some internal costs reflected in cost of products sold, including salaries and expenses related to managing our supply chain and for quality assurance and release testing.

      Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in identifying, developing and testing product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel, fees paid to professional service providers for monitoring and analyzing clinical trials, costs related to the development of our new drug application, or NDA, for the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, costs of contract research and manufacturing and the cost of facilities. In addition, research and development expenses include the cost of our medical affairs and medical information functions, which educate physicians on the scientific aspects of our commercial products and the approved indications, labeling and the costs of monitoring adverse events. After FDA approval of a product candidate, manufacturing expenses associated with a product will be recorded as cost of products sold rather than research and development expenses. We expense research and development costs and patent related costs as incurred. Because of our ability to utilize resources across several projects, many of our research and development costs are not tied to any particular project and are allocated among multiple projects. We record direct costs on a project-by-project basis. We record indirect costs in the aggregate in support of all research and development. Development costs for later stage programs such as the intravenous formulation of zileuton and CTI-01 tend to be higher than earlier stage programs such as our HMGB1 and alpha-7 programs, due to the costs associated with conducting clinical trials and large-scale manufacturing.

      We expect that research and development expenses relating to our development portfolio will continue to increase for the foreseeable future. In particular, we expect to incur increased expenses over the next several years for clinical trials of our product development candidates, including the controlled-release and intravenous formulations of zileuton, CTI-01 and alpha-7. We also expect manufacturing expenses for some programs included in research and development expenses to increase as we complete registration activities relating to the manufacturing of the controlled-release formulation of zileuton and scale up production of the intravenous formulation of zileuton for late phase clinical trials. We also expect to initiate a post-marketing, Phase IV program for ZYFLO to examine its potential clinical benefits in certain populations of asthma patients, which, if conducted, would be included in research and development expenses.

      Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in sales and marketing functions as well as costs related to our recent product launch of ZYFLO. Other costs reflected in sales and marketing include the cost of product samples of ZYFLO, promotional materials, market research and sales meetings. We expect to continue to incur significant sales and marketing costs associated with our recent hiring of our sales force and the continued enhancement of the sales and marketing infrastructure to support ZYFLO. If any of our other product candidates are approved for marketing, we expect to incur additional expenses related to enhancing our sales and marketing functions and adding additional sales representatives.

      General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, legal, business development, information technology and human resource functions. Other costs reflected in general and administrative expenses include certain facility costs as well as professional fees for legal and accounting services. We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will also increase as we expand our operations,

facilities and other activities related to operating as a publicly traded company. In addition, we expect to incur increased general and administrative expenses to support our first commercial product, ZYFLO.

      Deferred Stock-Based Compensation Expense. As discussed more fully in Note 7 and 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report, in lieu of cash payments, we granted options to purchase 161,000 shares of our common stock to non-employees in 2005 and we granted 66,666 shares of our common stock and options to purchase 51,333 shares of our common stock to non-employees in 2004. We recorded these grants at fair value when granted. We periodically remeasure the fair value of the unvested portion of grants to non-employees, resulting in charges or credits to operations in periods when such remeasurement results in differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of the options that is greater than or less than the differences, if any, between the fair value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of the options at their respective previous measurement dates. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $384,000 and $1.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, related to grants of common stock, restricted shares and stock options to non-employees.

      As discussed more fully in Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report, we granted options to purchase 1,864,900 and 2,855,288 shares of our common stock to employees during the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Certain of the employee options granted in the year ended December 31, 2004, prior to our initial public offering, were deemed for accounting purposes to have been granted with exercise prices below their then-current market value. We recorded the intrinsic value of these differences as deferred stock-based compensation expense. We amortize the deferred amounts as charges to operations over the vesting periods of the grants, resulting in stock-based compensation expense. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1.8 million in both 2005 and 2004 related to stock options granted to employees at exercise prices below their current market value on the date of grant.

Critical Accounting Policies

      The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and other financial information. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.

      We regard an accounting estimate or assumption underlying our financial statements as a “critical accounting estimate” where:

      Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report. Not all of these significant accounting policies, however, fit the definition of “critical accounting estimates.” We have discussed our accounting policies with the audit committee of our board of directors, and we believe that our estimates relating to revenue recognition, inventory, accrued expenses, short-term investments, stock-based compensation and income taxes described below fit the definition of “critical accounting estimates.”

      Revenue Recognition. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we launched our first commercial product, ZYFLO. We sell ZYFLO to wholesalers, distributors and pharmacies, which have the right to return purchased product. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 48, Revenue

Recognition When Right of Return Exists, or SFAS No. 48, we defer revenue on product shipments until we can reasonably estimate returns relating to these shipments. Because ZYFLO is a new product for us and this is our first commercial product launch, we do not currently have an objective measurement or history to allow us to estimate returns. Accordingly, we are deferring the recognition of revenue on product shipments of ZYFLO to our customers until the product is dispensed through patient prescriptions. Since product dispensed to patients through prescription is not subject to return, there is no remaining contingency that would prohibit revenue recognition. We currently estimate prescription units dispensed based on distribution channel data provided by external sources. We will continue to recognize revenue based upon prescriptions dispensed until we can reasonably estimate product returns based on our product returns experience. When a reasonable estimate can be determined, we will likely record a one-time increase in net product sales related to the recognition of revenue previously deferred, net of an estimate for remaining product returns. In order to match the cost of products shipped to customers with the underlying revenue, we have deferred the recognition of costs related to shipments that have not been recognized as revenue.

      Under our collaboration agreements with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter, we are entitled to receive non-refundable license fees, milestone payments and other research and development payments. Payments received are initially deferred from revenue and subsequently recognized in our statement of operations when earned. We must make significant estimates in determining the performance period and periodically review these estimates, based on joint management committees and other information shared by our collaborators with us. We recognize these revenues over the estimated performance period as set forth in the contracts based on proportional performance and adjusted from time to time for any delays or acceleration in the development of the product. For example, a delay or acceleration of the performance period by our collaborator may result in further deferral of revenue or the acceleration of revenue previously deferred. Because MedImmune and Beckman Coulter can each cancel its agreement with us, we do not recognize revenues in excess of cumulative cash collections. It is difficult to estimate the impact of the adjustments on the results of our operations because, in each case, the amount of cash received would be a limiting factor in determining the adjustment.

      Inventory. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined under the first-in, first-out, or FIFO, method. Our estimate of the net realizable value of our inventories is subject to judgment and estimation. The actual net realizable value of our inventories could vary significantly from our estimates and could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations in any reporting period. ZYFLO has a twelve-month shelf life as of December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2005, inventory consists of zileuton API, which is raw material in powder form, and work-in-process and finished tablets to be used for commercial sale. On a quarterly basis, we analyze our inventory levels and write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of our expected net realizable value and inventory that is in excess of expected requirements to cost of product revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2005, we recorded a reserve to cost of products sold for short-dated ZYFLO commercial product of $280,000 that will expire by September 2006.

      Accrued Expenses. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate certain expenses. This process involves identifying services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for such service as of each balance sheet date in our consolidated financial statements. Examples of estimated expenses for which we accrue include professional service fees, such as fees paid to lawyers and accountants, rebates to third parties, including government programs such as Medicaid or private insurers, contract service fees, such as amounts paid to clinical monitors, data management organizations and investigators in connection with clinical trials, and fees paid to contract manufacturers in connection with the production of clinical materials. In connection with rebates, our estimates are based on our estimated mix of sales to various third-party payors, which either contractually or statutorily are entitled to certain discounts off our listed price of ZYFLO. In the event that our sales mix to certain third-party payors is different from our estimates, we may be required to pay more or less rebates to those parties than our estimates. In connection with service fees, our estimates are most affected by our understanding of the

status and timing of services provided relative to the actual levels of services incurred by such service providers. The majority of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed, however, certain service providers invoice us based upon milestones in the agreement. In the event that we do not identify certain costs that we have begun to incur or we under- or over-estimate the level of services performed or the costs of such services, our reported expenses for such period would be too low or too high. The date on which certain services commence, the level of services performed on or before a given date and the cost of such services are often subject to judgment. We make these judgments based upon the facts and circumstances known to us in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

      Short-term investments. It is our intent to hold our short-term investments until such time as we intend to use them to meet the ongoing liquidity needs to support our operations. However, if the circumstances regarding an investment or our liquidity needs were to change, such as a change in an investment’s external credit rating, we would consider a sale of the related security prior to the maturity of the underlying investment to minimize any losses. We review the appropriateness of all investment classifications at each reporting date.

      Stock-Based Compensation. To date, we have elected to follow Accounting Principles Board Opinion, or APB, No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, or APB 25, and related interpretations, in accounting for our stock-based compensation plans, rather than the alternative fair value accounting method provided for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Accounting Principles Board Opinion, or SFAS 123. Accordingly, we have not recorded stock-based compensation expense for stock options issued to employees in fixed amounts with exercise prices at least equal to the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. In the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein, we provide pro forma disclosures in accordance with SFAS 123 and related pronouncements. We account for transactions in which services are received in exchange for equity instruments based on the fair value of such services received from non-employees or of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured, in accordance with SFAS 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 96-18, or EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments that Are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. The two factors which most affect charges or credits to operations related to stock-based compensation are the fair value of the common stock underlying stock options for which stock-based compensation is recorded and the volatility of such fair value. Accounting for equity instruments granted or sold by us under APB 25, SFAS 123 and EITF 96-18 requires fair value estimates of the equity instrument granted or sold. If our estimates of the fair value of these equity instruments are too high or too low, it would have the effect of overstating or understating expenses. When equity instruments are granted or sold in exchange for the receipt of goods or services and the value of those goods or services can be readily estimated, we use the value of such goods or services to determine the fair value of the equity instruments. When equity instruments are granted or sold in exchange for the receipt of goods or services and the value of those goods or services cannot be readily estimated, as is true in connection with most stock options and warrants granted to employees or non-employees, we estimate the fair value of the equity instruments based upon consideration of factors which we deem to be relevant at the time using cost, market or income approaches to such valuations.

      In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. This Statement is a revision of SFAS No. 123, amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows, and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related implementation guidance. SFAS No. 123(R) focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. The Statement requires entities to recognize in their income statement stock compensation expense for awards (with limited exceptions) based on their fair value. In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires that excess tax benefits related to stock compensation expense be reported as a financing cash inflow rather than as a reduction of taxes paid in cash flow from operations. SFAS No. 123(R) is effective for us commencing January 1, 2006, at which time we will begin recognizing an expense for unvested share-based compensation that has been issued or will be issued after that date.

SFAS No. 123(R) permits a prospective or two modified versions of retrospective application under which financial statements for prior periods are adjusted on a basis consistent with the pro forma disclosures required for those periods by the original SFAS No. 123.

      Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective approach using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The total compensation expense, including the cost of options that are expected to be granted during 2006, is expected to be up to $6 million. However, uncertainties, including the number of stock option grants, stock price volatility, estimated forfeitures and employee stock option exercise behavior, make it difficult to determine whether the stock-based compensation expense that we will incur for 2006 will be similar to this estimate.

      Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatments of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, as of December 31, 2005, we had federal and state tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $85.8 million, which expire beginning in 2021 and 2006, respectively. We also have research and experimentation credit carryforwards of approximately $1.2 million, which expire beginning in 2021. We have recorded a full valuation allowance as an offset against these otherwise recognizable net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of the realization of the tax benefit. In the event that we determine in the future that we will be able to realize all or a portion of its net deferred tax benefit, an adjustment to deferred tax valuation allowance would increase net income in the period in which such a determination is made. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 contains provisions that may limit the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and credits available to be used in any given year in the event of significant changes in ownership interest, as defined.

Results of Operations

      Revenue from Product Sales. We recognized revenue from product sales of $387,000 in 2005 related to sales of ZYFLO following our product launch in October 2005. This is the first period in which we have recognized revenue from product sales since our inception. Under SFAS No. 48, we cannot recognize revenue from product shipments until the right to return the product has lapsed or until we can reasonably estimate returns relating to the shipments to third parties. In accordance with SFAS No. 48, we are currently deferring recognition of revenue on product shipments of ZYFLO to wholesalers, distributors and pharmacies until the product is dispensed through patient prescriptions. Gross revenue from product sales for prescriptions dispensed was $462,000 in 2005, while product revenue, net of discounts and rebates, was $387,000. Shipments of ZYFLO to third parties that were not recognized as revenue totaled $1.7 million at December 31, 2005 and are included in deferred product revenue on our balance sheet. This deferred revenue will be recognized as revenue as prescriptions are filled in future periods, or will be reversed if the product is returned in future periods. The cost of product shipped to third parties that has not been recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy is deferred until the product is dispensed through patient prescriptions. This deferred cost of product sold totaled $266,000 at December, 31, 2005 and is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our balance sheet.

      Revenue under Collaboration Agreements. We recognized collaboration revenues of $5.8 million in 2005 compared to $4.4 million in 2004. These revenues were primarily due to the portion of the $12.5 million of initial fees MedImmune paid us that we recognized in each period, and the $2.75 million and $1.5 million billed to MedImmune for milestone payments and development support in 2005 and 2004, respectively. Since we entered into the agreement with MedImmune in 2003, we have billed a total of $16.75 million to MedImmune, consisting of the $12.5 million up-front payment, a $1.25 million milestone payment and $3.0 million of development support. We have recognized $11.2 million of these amounts as collaboration revenue to date. We have reported the balance of the payments, totaling $5.6 million, as deferred collaboration revenue and will recognize such amount over the remaining

estimated research term of our agreement with MedImmune based on the proportion of cumulative costs incurred as a percentage of the total costs estimated for the performance period. We currently estimate that the balance in deferred revenue will be recognized during 2006 and 2007. In December 2005, we revised our estimate of remaining total costs and increased the period over which those costs would be allocated under the collaboration agreement with MedImmune. The change in estimate resulted in a decrease in revenue recognized of approximately $237,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2005, we had a total of $5.7 million in deferred collaboration revenue remaining to be recognized under our collaboration agreements with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter.

      Cost of products sold. Cost of products sold in 2005 were $514,000. Cost of products sold consisted primarily of the expenses associated with manufacturing and distributing ZYFLO, a royalty payment to Abbott from the license agreement for ZYFLO and a charge of $280,000 to write-down excess finished goods inventory that we do not currently expect to be sold in the future. The write-down resulted from excess inventory on-hand at December 31, 2005 with an expiration date in 2006.

      Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses in 2005 were $30.0 million compared to $25.6 million in 2004, an increase of approximately $4.4 million. This increase was primarily due to higher expenses associated with the technology transfer and manufacturing activities associated with ZYFLO and the controlled-release formulation of zileuton, as well as the growth in the number of employees performing research and development functions and increased facilities, equipment and laboratory charges associated with our increased research and development activities in 2005 as compared to 2004. With the commercial launch of ZYFLO in October 2005, the costs of manufacturing ZYFLO are now included in cost of products sold.

      The following table summarizes the primary components of our direct research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004:

      We anticipate that our research and development expenses will continue to increase as we further advance our research and development projects. The following summarizes the expenses associated with our primary research and development programs:

      Our general research and development expenses, which are not allocated to any specific program, increased by $2.6 million, or 57%, in 2005 compared to 2004. This increase was primarily due to a $1.2 million increase in personnel costs and a $1.6 million increase in facility and related costs, partially offset by a $624,000 decrease in leasehold amortization expense. These costs, which are incurred in support of all of our research and development programs, are not easily allocable to any individual program, and therefore, have been included in general research and development expenses. In addition, since the launch of ZYFLO, we have incurred expenses associated with medical affairs, medical education and medical information, which are part of our general research and development expenses.

      Stock-based compensation expense that is related to research and development decreased by $1.1 million from $2.0 million in 2004 compared to $864,000 in 2005. This includes expenses for certain employee grants as well as grants made to non-employees who are primarily working on research and development activities. The adjustment to stock-based compensation expense for non-employees is calculated based on the change in fair value of our common stock during the period. The fair value of our common stock declined approximately 10% during 2005 resulting in lower overall stock-based compensation expense.

      Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for 2005 were $13.7 million compared to $1.2 million for 2004. The $12.5 million increase in 2005 was primarily attributable to the following:

      The number of employees performing sales and marketing functions increased from 6 employees at December 31, 2004 to 106 employees at December 31, 2005.

      General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses for 2005 were $11.4 million compared to $9.7 for 2004. The $1.7 million, or 18%, increase in 2005 was primarily attributable to the following:

      Other Income. Interest income in 2005 was $2.4 million compared to $1.1 million in 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to higher interest income earned on our investments due to higher interest rates and higher cash and investment balances from our financings completed in 2004 and 2005. Interest expense amounted to $191,000 and $172,000 in 2005 and 2004, respectively. The interest expense relates to borrowings under our loan with Silicon Valley Bank for capital expenditures.

      Revenue Under Collaboration Agreement. We recognized revenues of $4.4 million in 2004 compared to $1.0 million in 2003. These revenues represent the portion of the $12.5 million of initial fees MedImmune paid us that we recognized in each year and a portion of the $1.5 million billed to MedImmune in 2004 for development support that we recognized in 2004. We have reported the balance of the payments as deferred revenue and will recognize such amount over the estimated research term of our agreement with MedImmune based on the proportion of cumulative costs incurred as a percentage of the total costs estimated for the performance period. In September 2004, we revised our estimate of remaining total costs under the collaboration agreement with MedImmune, which resulted in an increase in revenue recognized of $1.1 million in the third quarter of 2004. As of December 31, 2004, we had $8.5 million in deferred revenue remaining to be recognized under the collaboration agreement with MedImmune.

      Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses in 2004 were $25.6 million compared to $17.5 million in 2003, an increase of $8.1 million. This increase was primarily due to $1.8 million in increased clinical and preclinical activity for our CTI-01 program, and $9.1 million of additional expense incurred in connection with our zileuton program, including expenses associated with initiating the transfer of Abbott’s manufacturing technology to third parties and our up-front license fee paid to Abbott for the immediate-release formulation of zileuton. In addition, research and development expenses increased as a result of higher expenses associated with the growth in the number of employees performing research and development functions, and increased facilities, equipment and laboratory charges associated with our increased research and development activities during 2004. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.8 million in expense related to our HMGB1 program from $3.5 million in 2003 to $1.7 million in 2004 and a decrease of $2.9 million in stock-based compensation expense from $4.9 million in 2003 to $2.0 million in 2004.

      The following table summarizes the primary components of our direct research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003:

      We anticipate that our research and development expenses will continue to increase as we further advance our research and development projects. The following summarizes the expenses associated with our primary research and development programs:

      Our general research and development expenses, which are not allocated to any specific program, increased by $1.0 million in 2004 compared to 2003. This increase was primarily due to a $667,000 increase in rent expense resulting from our move into a larger research facility and a $653,000 increase in depreciation and amortization, partially offset by a $242,000 reduction in allocated salaries and benefits of employees performing general research and development functions and a $96,000 reduction in contract research expenses.

      Stock-based compensation expense decreased by $2.9 million from $4.9 million in 2004 compared to $2.0 million in 2003. The adjustment to stock-based compensation expense for non-employees is calculated based on the change in fair value of our common stock during the period.

      Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses in 2004 were $1.2 million. The $1.2 million consisted of personnel costs related to the hiring of our head of sales and marketing as well as certain market research conducted in anticipation of our launch of ZYFLO. We did not incur any sales and marketing expenses prior to 2004. These costs were included in general and administrative expense in our 2004 annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, but have been reclassified to conform with the 2005 presentation.

      General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses in 2004 were $9.7 million compared to $3.8 million in 2003. The $7.1 million increase in 2004 was primarily attributable to the following:

      Other Income. Interest income in 2004 was $1.1 million compared to $191,000 in 2003. The increase was primarily attributable to interest earned on the $56.2 million in gross proceeds from our series B preferred stock financing in October 2003 and March 2004 and the $37.8 million in net proceeds from our initial public offering in June 2004. Interest expense amounted to $172,000 and $93,000 in 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to increased borrowings outstanding on our credit agreement in 2004 to finance capital purchases as compared to 2003.

      Accretion of Dividends and Offering Costs on Preferred Stock. Accretion of dividends and offering costs on our convertible preferred stock for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $2.2 million. Upon the completion of our initial public offering on June 2, 2004, our convertible preferred stock automatically converted into shares of common stock, and as a result there were no further accretion of dividends and offering costs on these shares for the periods subsequent to June 2, 2004.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

      Since our inception on July 14, 2000, we have financed our operations through the sale of common and preferred stock, debt financings, the receipt of interest income, payments from our collaborators MedImmune and Beckman Coulter and, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2005, revenue generated from sales of ZYFLO. As of December 31, 2005, we had $82.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. We have invested the net proceeds from our financings and collaborations in highly liquid,

interest-bearing, investment grade securities in accordance with our established corporate investment policy.

      In October 2005, we launched our first commercial product, ZYFLO, and began recognizing revenue from product sales. Customer orders totaled $2.1 million in 2005, net of discounts and rebates. Cash flows from customers are dependent upon demand for the product by physicians or patients.

      In June 2005, we sold 9,945,261 shares of our common stock at a price of $5.48 per share, together with warrants to purchase an additional 3,480,842 shares of our common stock, in a private placement to certain institutional and other accredited investors. Our gross proceeds from the private placement were approximately $54.5 million, before deducting fees paid to placement agents and other transaction expenses paid by us.

      In July 2003, we entered into an exclusive license and collaboration agreement with MedImmune for the discovery and development of novel drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases associated with HMGB1, a newly discovered cytokine. Under this collaboration, MedImmune paid us initial fees of $12.5 million and an additional $4.25 million through December 31, 2005 for milestone payments and to fund certain research expenses incurred by us for the HMGB1 program.

      Under our collaboration with MedImmune, we may receive additional payments upon the achievement of research, development and commercialization milestones up to a maximum of $124.0 million, after taking into account payments we are obligated to make to The Feinstein Institute on milestone payments we receive from MedImmune. We anticipate that by the end of 2006, in addition to payments already received, we will receive $1.0 million in aggregate milestone payments from MedImmune, after taking into account payments we are obligated to make to The Feinstein Institute.

      In December 2005, we entered into an amendment to our agreement with MedImmune. Pursuant to the amendment, MedImmune has agreed to increase its funding of development support to us by $1.0 million through the end of 2006.

      Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. We finance the purchase of general purpose computer equipment, office equipment, fixtures and furnishings, test and laboratory equipment and software licenses and the completion of leasehold improvements through advances under our credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank which was most recently modified as of January 6, 2006. We have granted Silicon Valley Bank a first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets, excluding intellectual property, to secure our obligations under the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2005, we had $2.6 million in debt outstanding under this credit agreement related to equipment advances.

      The equipment advances made prior to the modification of our credit agreement on June 30, 2004 accrue interest at a weighted-average effective interest rate of approximately 8.7% per year. We are required to make equal monthly payments of principal and interest with respect to each advance made prior to June 30, 2004. The total repayment term for equipment advances made prior to June 30, 2004 is 48 months. Upon the maturity of any advance made prior to June 30, 2004, we are required to make a final payment in addition to the repayment of principal and interest. The final payment will be in an amount equal to a specified percentage of the original advance amount up to 8.5% of the original principal. As of December 31, 2005, we had $371,000 in outstanding equipment advances made prior to June 30, 2004.

      Advances made under the modified credit agreement accrue interest at a rate equal to the prime rate plus 2% per year. As of December 31, 2005, outstanding equipment advances under the modified credit agreement had a weighted-average effective interest rate of approximately 8.8% per year. Advances made under the modified credit agreement are required to be repaid in equal monthly installments of principal plus interest accrued through the repayment term, which range from 36 to 42 months. Repayment begins the first day of the month following the advance. During 2005, $1.3 million in advances were made under the modified credit agreement and we had no borrowing capacity under the modified credit agreement available at December 31, 2005.

      On January 6, 2006, we entered into a fourth loan modification agreement that amends our credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. As a result of this latest loan modification, we had total unused borrowing capacity under the credit agreement of approximately $576,000 as of January 6, 2006. We are currently considering financing alternatives to fund capital expenditures after this borrowing capacity is used.

Cash Flows

      Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $45.1 million in 2005 compared to $25.1 million in 2004. Net cash used in operations for 2005 consisted of a net loss of $47.1 million, offset by non-cash depreciation and amortization expense and the amortization of premiums on short-term investments of $1.7 million, stock-based compensation expense of $2.1 million plus cash used to fund working capital of $2.0 million.

      Investing Activities. Investing activities provided $38.5 million of cash in 2005 compared to $70.0 million of cash used in investing activities in 2004. In 2005, we made capital expenditures of $2.2 million primarily for laboratory equipment associated with our increased research and development activities and upgrades to our financial and accounting software and we sold $72.9 million of our short-term investments which was offset by purchases of $32.3 million of short-term investments. As interest rates have gradually increased and our cash needs have increased from the launch of ZYFLO, we have maintained more of our proceeds from recent financings as cash equivalents rather than short-term investments.

      Financing Activities. Financing activities provided $51.9 million of cash in 2005 compared to $67.0 million in 2004. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2005 related primarily to our private placement of common stock and warrants in June 2005 to certain institutional and other accredited investors. We sold 9,945,261 shares of our common stock in the private placement at a price of $5.48 per share, together with warrants to purchase an additional 3,480,842 shares of our common stock, resulting in gross proceeds of $54.5 million. In connection with the private placement, we paid approximately $3.1 million in offering expenses and placement agent fees.

      We have accumulated net operating losses and tax credits available to offset future taxable income for federal and state income tax purposes as of December 31, 2005. If not utilized, federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2021 and 2006, respectively. The federal tax credits expire beginning in 2021. To date, we have not recognized the potential tax benefit of our net operating loss carryforwards or credits on our balance sheet or statements of operations. The future utilization of our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited based upon changes in ownership pursuant to regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code.

      We expect to devote substantial resources to continue our research and development efforts, including preclinical testing and clinical trials, expand our sales and marketing infrastructure, achieve regulatory approvals, commercialize ZYFLO and, subject to regulatory approval, commercially launch the controlled-release formulation of zileuton and any future product candidates. We also expect to spend approximately $2.0 million in capital expenditures in 2006 for the purchase of software, computer equipment, manufacturing equipment and equipment for our laboratories which will be purchased, in part, with funds available under our credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. Our funding requirements will depend on numerous factors, including:

      Other than payments that we receive from our collaborations with MedImmune and Beckman Coulter, we expect that sales of ZYFLO will represent our only source of operating income until we commercially launch the controlled-release formulation of zileuton if it is approved. In addition to the foregoing factors, we believe that our ability to access external funds will depend upon the market acceptance of ZYFLO, the success of our other preclinical and clinical development programs, the receptivity of the capital markets to financings by biopharmaceutical companies, our ability to enter into additional strategic collaborations with corporate and academic collaborators and the success of such collaborations.

      The extent of our future capital requirements is difficult to assess and will depend largely on our ability to sell ZYFLO and obtain regulatory approval for and successfully commercialize the controlled-release formulation of zileuton. Based on our operating plans, we believe that our available cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash received from product sales and anticipated payments received under collaboration agreements will be sufficient to fund anticipated levels of operations until the second quarter of 2007.

      For the year ended December 31, 2005, our net cash used for operating activities was $45.0 million and we had capital expenditures of $2.2 million. If our existing resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements or if we acquire or license rights to additional product candidates, we may need to raise additional external funds through collaborative arrangements and public or private financings. Additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, the terms of the financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders. For example, if we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, further dilution to our then-existing stockholders will result. If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly delay, limit or eliminate one or more of our research, development or commercialization programs, which could harm our financial condition and operating results. We also could be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish rights to some of our technologies, product candidates or products which we would otherwise pursue on our own.

      We have summarized in the table below our fixed contractual obligations as of December 31, 2005.

      The amounts listed for short- and long-term debt represent the principal and interest amounts we owe under our credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank.

      The amounts listed for research and license agreements represent our fixed obligations payable to sponsor research and minimum royalty payments for licensed patents. These amounts do not include any additional amounts that we may be required to pay under our license agreements upon the achievement of scientific, regulatory and commercial milestones that may become payable depending on the progress of scientific development and regulatory approvals, including milestones such as the submission of an investigational new drug application to the FDA, similar submissions to foreign regulatory authorities and the first commercial sale of our products in various countries.

      We are party to a number of agreements that require us to make milestone payments. In particular, under our license agreement with Abbott Laboratories for zileuton, we agreed to make aggregate milestone payments of up to $13.0 million to Abbott upon the achievement of various development and commercialization milestones relating to zileuton, including the completion of the technology transfer from Abbott to us, filing and approval of a product in the United States and specified minimum net sales of licensed products. Through December 31, 2005, we have paid aggregate milestones of $4.25 million to Abbott under our license agreements related to the immediate and controlled-release formulations of zileuton.

      In addition, under our manufacturing agreement with SkyePharma, through its subsidiary Jagotec, for the controlled-release version of zileuton, we agreed to make aggregate milestone payments of up to $6.6 million upon the achievement of various development and commercialization milestones. Through December 31, 2005 we have paid aggregate milestones of $2.0 million to SkyePharma under our agreement.

      The amounts shown in the table do not include royalties on net sales of our products and payments on sublicense income that we may owe as a result of receiving payments under our collaboration agreement with MedImmune. Our license agreements are described more fully in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements.

      The amounts listed for consulting agreements are for fixed payments due to our scientific and business consultants.

      The amounts listed for manufacturing and clinical trial agreements represent amounts due to third parties for manufacturing, clinical trials and preclinical studies. As discussed in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this report, we entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement with Rhodia Pharma Solutions Ltd., or Rhodia, for commercial production of the API of ZYFLO, subject to specified limitations, through December 31, 2009. Under this agreement, we committed to purchase a minimum amount of API by December 31, 2006. The API purchased from

Rhodia currently has a retest period of 24 months. We evaluate the need to provide reserves for contractually committed future purchases of inventory that may be in excess of forecasted future demand. In making these assessments, we are required to make judgments as to the future demand for current or committed inventory levels and as to the expiration dates of its product. While our purchase commitment for API from Rhodia exceeds our current forecasted demand in 2006, we expect that any excess API purchased in 2006 under our agreement with Rhodia will be used in commercial production batches in 2007 and 2008 and sold before it requires retesting. Therefore no reserve for this purchase commitment has been recorded as of December 31, 2005.

      Significant differences between our current estimates and judgments and future estimated demand for our product and the useful life of inventory may result in significant charges for excess inventory or unnecessary purchase commitments in the future. These differences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations during the period in which we recognize charges for excess inventory. For example, we recorded a charge of $280,000 in the fourth quarter of 2005 to reserve for excess inventory that had an expiration date such that the product was unlikely to be sold. The charge was included in cost of products sold in the accompanying statement of operations.

      The amounts listed for research and license agreements, consulting agreements and manufacturing and clinical trial agreements include amounts that we owe under agreements that are subject to cancellation or termination by us under various circumstances, including a material uncured breach by the other party, minimum notice to the other party or payment of a termination fee.

      The amounts listed for lease obligations represent the amount we owe under our office, computer, vehicle and laboratory space lease agreements under both operating and capital leases.

Effects of Inflation

      Our assets are primarily monetary, consisting of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Because of their liquidity, these assets are not significantly affected by inflation. We also believe that we have intangible assets in the value of our technology. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we have not capitalized the value of this intellectual property on our consolidated balance sheet. Because we intend to retain and continue to use our equipment, furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements, we believe that the incremental inflation related to the replacement costs of such items will not materially affect our operations. However, the rate of inflation affects our expenses, such as those for employee compensation and contract services, which could increase our level of expenses and the rate at which we use our resources.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

      In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. This Statement is a revision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows, and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related implementation guidance. SFAS No. 123(R) focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. The Statement requires entities to recognize in their income statement stock compensation expense for awards (with limited exceptions) based on their fair value. In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires that excess tax benefits related to stock compensation expense be reported as a financing cash inflow rather than as a reduction of taxes paid in cash flow from operations. SFAS No. 123(R) is effective for us commencing January 1, 2006, at which time we will begin recognizing an expense for unvested share-based compensation that has been issued or will be issued after that date. SFAS No. 123(R) permits a prospective or two modified versions of retrospective application under which financial statements for prior periods are adjusted on a basis consistent with the pro forma disclosures required for those periods by the original SFAS No. 123.

      Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective approach using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The total compensation expense,

including the cost of options that are expected to be granted during 2006, is expected to be up to $6 million. However, uncertainties, including the number of stock option grants, stock price volatility, estimated forfeitures and employee stock option exercise behavior, make it difficult to determine whether the stock-based compensation expense that we will incur in future periods will be similar to this estimate. If SFAS No. 123(R) had been adopted in a prior period, the impact on our net loss and net loss per share would approximate the impact of SFAS No. 123 as described in the disclosure of pro forma net loss and loss per share included in this quarterly report.

      In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.” SFAS No. 154 is a replacement of APB No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3. SFAS No. 154 provides guidance on the accounting for and reporting of accounting changes and error corrections. It establishes retrospective application as the required method for reporting a change in accounting principle. SFAS No. 154 provides guidance for determining whether retrospective application of a change in accounting principle is impracticable and for reporting a change when retrospective application is impracticable. The reporting of a correction of an error by restating previously issued financial statements is also addressed by SFAS No. 154. SFAS No. 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 154 will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

      We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. Our current investment policy is to maintain an investment portfolio consisting of U.S. government treasury and agency notes, corporate debt obligations, municipal debt obligations, auction rate securities and money market funds, directly or through managed funds, with maturities of two years or less. Our cash is deposited in and invested through highly rated financial institutions in North America. Our short-term investments are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase. If market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels at December 31, 2005, we estimate that the fair value of our investment portfolio would decline by approximately $40,000. In addition, we could be exposed to losses related to these securities should one of our counterparties default. We attempt to mitigate this risk through credit monitoring procedures. We have the ability to hold our fixed income investments until maturity, and therefore we would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a change in market interest rates on our investments.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CRITICAL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Critical Therapeutics, Inc.:

Lexington, MA

      We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Critical Therapeutics, Inc. and subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit) and comprehensive loss, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

      We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

      In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Critical Therapeutics, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

      We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Boston, MA

March 1, 2006

CRITICAL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2004 AND 2003