t1501090-s1 - none - 11.0721071s
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2015
Registration No. 333-      ​
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
SEMLER SCIENTIFIC, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
3845
26-1367393
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
2330 NW Everett St.
Portland, Oregon 97210
(877) 744-4211
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D.
Chief Executive Officer
Semler Scientific, Inc.
2330 NW Everett St.
Portland, Oregon 97210
(877) 744-4211
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Yvan-Claude Pierre, Esq.
Marianne C. Sarrazin, Esq.
Reed Smith LLP
599 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10022
(212) 521-5450
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.   
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of  “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer     Accelerated filer                 
Non-accelerated filer      (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company    ☒
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities to be registered
Proposed maximum
aggregate offering
price(1)
Amount of
registration fee
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share(2)
$ 10,000,000 $ 1,162
Placement agent’s warrants(3)
Shares of common stock underlying placement agent’s warrants(2)(4)
$ 875,000 $ 102
Total
$ 10,875,000 $ 1,264
(1)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.
(2)
Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the securities registered also include such indeterminate amounts and numbers of shares of common stock issuable to cover additional securities that may be offered or issued to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
(3)
No fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(4)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the placement agent’s warrants is $875,000, which is equal to 125% of  $700,000 (7% of  $10,000,000).
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion, dated May 8, 2015
Prospectus
[MISSING IMAGE: lg_semlersci.jpg]
Up to              Shares of Common Stock
We are offering up to              shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, in this offering.
Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SMLR”. The last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on May 7, 2015 was $3.53 per share.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed on the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per share
Total
Public offering price
$           $          
Placement agent’s fees(1)
$           $          
Proceeds to Semler Scientific, Inc., before expenses
$           $          
(1)
In addition, we have agreed to issue to the placement agent warrants to purchase up to a number of shares of common stock equal to    % of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in this offering and to reimburse the out-of-pocket expenses of the placement agent in connection with this offering up to $100,000. See the “Plan of Distribution” section of this prospectus for more information on the placement agent arrangements.
We have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright” or the “placement agent”) to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering. Wainwright is not purchasing or selling the securities offered by us, and is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of the securities offered. We have agreed to pay Wainwright a placement fee equal to 7% of the aggregate gross proceeds to us from the sale of the securities in the offering. Wainwright may engage one or more sub-agents or selected dealers in connection with this offering. We estimate total expenses of this offering, excluding the placement agent fees, will be approximately $         . Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual public offering amount, placement agent fees, and proceeds to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum offering amounts set forth above. This offering will terminate on            , 2015, unless the offering is fully subscribed before that date or we decide to terminate the offering prior to that date. In either event, the offering may be closed without further notice to you. We have not arranged to place the funds from investors in an escrow, trust or similar account.
H.C. Wainwright & Co.
The date of this prospectus is            , 2015

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F-1
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any free-writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the placement agent have authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. We are offering to sell, and are seeking offers to buy these securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since that date.
No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of our common stock or warrants or possession or distribution of this prospectus in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.
We obtained industry and market data used throughout and incorporated by reference into this prospectus through our research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and industry and general publications. We have not independently verified market and industry data from third-party sources.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The items in the following summary are described in more detail later in this prospectus. This summary provides an overview of selected information and does not contain all of the information you should consider before buying our common stock. Therefore, you should read the entire prospectus carefully before deciding to invest in our common stock. Investors should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus. In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “Semler Scientific” refer to Semler Scientific, Inc.
Overview
We are an emerging medical risk-assessment company. Our mission is to develop, manufacture and market patented products that assist healthcare providers in monitoring patients and evaluating chronic diseases. Our first patented and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA cleared product, is FloChec®. FloChec® is used in the office setting to allow providers to measure arterial blood flow in the extremities and is a useful tool for internists and primary care physicians for whom it was previously impractical to conduct blood flow measurements. Our product initially received FDA 510(k) clearance in February 2010, we began Beta testing it in the third quarter of 2010, and began commercially leasing it in January 2011. In March 2015 we received FDA 510(k) clearance for the next generation version. In March 2015 we also launched our multi-test platform, WellChec™, to perform risk assessments for our customers. We believe the combination of our proprietary risk assessment product, FloChec®, and our multi-test service platform, WellChec™, position us to provide valuable health risk assessment tools to our insurance company and physician customers, which in turn permit them to guide patient care and close the gap between the cost of patient care and compensation for providing that care.
Our Product
We currently have only one patented and FDA-cleared product, FloChec®, that we market and license to our customers. FloChec® is a four-minute in-office blood flow test. Healthcare providers can use blood flow measurements as part of their examinations of a patient’s vascular condition, including assessments of patients who have vascular disease. The following diagram illustrates the use of FloChec®:
[MISSING IMAGE: t1501090_flochec.jpg]
FloChec® features a sensor clamp that is placed on the toe or finger much like current pulse oximetry devices. Infrared light emitted from the clamp on the dorsal surface of the digit is scattered and reflected by the red blood cells coursing through the area of illumination. Returning light is ‘sensed’ by the sensor. A blood flow waveform is instantaneously constructed by our proprietary software algorithm and displayed on the video monitor. Both index fingers and both large toes are interrogated, which takes about 30 seconds for each. A hardcopy report form is generated that displays four waveforms and the ratio of each leg measurement compared with the arms. Results are classified as Flow Obstruction or No Flow Obstruction.
We have developed a license model rather than an outright sales model for FloChec®. Our license model pricing is based on data collected on use rates of FloChec® and third-party payment rates to physicians and facilities using our product. The pricing model eliminates the need to make a capital
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equipment sale. Consequently, we currently require no down payment, long-term commitment or maintenance contract or fees from our customers. We replace damaged products free of charge in the license model. FloChec® has an expected average lifetime of at least three years. We intend to reevaluate the monthly price periodically in consideration of the revenue generation associated with FloChec®. To date, we roughly estimate that routine office usage of FloChec® has ranged from a few tests per week up to 10 tests per day. We are currently pilot testing a model in which we invoice on a per test basis for use of FloChec®, and recently launched our WellChec™ multi-test platform, where we or our sub-contractor may perform other non-proprietary tests alongside FloChec®.
Our Chairman and co-founder, Dr. Herbert Semler, is an inventor of the technology behind FloChec®. Dr. Semler formed our company in 2007 to further develop, patent and commercialize his idea. We applied for our patent protecting our proprietary technology in 2007 and U.S. Patent No. 7,628,760 was granted in 2009. FloChec® initially received FDA 510(k) clearance in February 2010, and we began Beta testing it in the third quarter of 2010, and began commercially leasing FloChec® in January 2011. In March 2015, we received FDA 510(k) clearance of the next generation version. We have placed our FloChec® product with cardiologists, internists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, podiatrists and family practitioners and four insurance plans among the top 15 plans with the most Medicare Advantage members. Many of the 50 years or older patients under the care of these physicians have cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, cigarette smoking, high cholesterol or hypertension that lead to the development of peripheral arterial disease, or PAD.
Other Methods
Blood flow is the amount of blood delivered to a given region per unit time, whereas blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of arteries. Given a fixed resistance, blood flow and blood pressure are proportional. The traditional ankle brachial index, or ABI, with Doppler test uses a blood pressure cuff to measure the systolic blood pressure in the lower legs and in the arms. A blood pressure cuff is inflated proximal to the artery in question. Using a Doppler device, the inflation continues until the pulse in the artery ceases. The blood pressure cuff is then slowly deflated. When the artery’s pulse is re-detected through the Doppler probe the pressure in the cuff at that moment indicates the systolic pressure of that artery. The test is repeated on all four extremities. Well-established criteria for the ratio of the blood pressure in a leg compared to the blood pressure in the arms are used to assess the presence or absence of flow obstruction. Generally these tests take 15 minutes to perform and require a vascular technician to be done properly. Like FloChec®, the traditional analog ABI test with Doppler is a non-invasive physiologic measurement that may be abnormal in the presence of PAD. Alternatively, primary care physicians may palpate the pedal pulses to assess blood flow in the lower extremities. However, pulse palpation is generally not sensitive for the detection of vascular disease. Other options to detect arterial obstructions are imaging systems that use ultrasound, x-ray technology or magnetic resonance to obtain anatomic information about blood vessels in the legs. However, as compared to FloChec®, imaging tests are much more expensive tests that are performed by specialists in special laboratories or offices.
Market Opportunity
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Health Care Reform Law, was signed in March 2010. This sweeping law is intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. This legislation includes reforms and reductions that have affected Medicare reimbursements and health insurance coverage for certain services and treatments. The Health Care Reform Law has brought a new way of doing business for providers and health insurance plans. We believe that fee-for-service programs will be reduced in favor of capitated programs that pay a monthly fee per patient.
Fee-for-service is a payment model where services are unbundled and paid for separately. In health care, it gives an incentive for physicians to provide more treatments because payment is dependent on the quantity of care, rather than quality of care. Capitation is a payment arrangement that pays a physician or group of physicians a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or
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not that person seeks care. The amount of remuneration is based on the average expected healthcare utilization of that patient, with greater payment for patients with significant medical history. For Medicare Advantage patients, CMS pays a fee per patient, also known as capitation. CMS uses risk adjustment to adjust capitation payments to health plans, either higher or lower, to account for the differences in expected health costs of individuals. Accordingly, under CMS guidelines, risk factor adjustments per patient will provide payment that is higher for sicker patients who have conditions that are codified. Accordingly, there is a financial incentive to identify those Medicare Advantage patients that are sicker, including those that have undiagnosed ailments such as PAD.
The coding system used by CMS for the Medicare Advantage program is a hierarchical condition category, or HCC, diagnostic classification system that begins by classifying over 14,000 diagnosis codes into 805 diagnostic groups, or DXGs. Each code maps to exactly one DXG, which represents a well-specified medical condition, such as DXG 96.01 precerebral or cerebral arterial occlusion with infarction. DXGs are further aggregated into 189 condition categories, or CCs. CCs describe a broader set of similar diseases. Diseases within a CC are related clinically and with respect to cost. An example is CC96 Ischemic or Unspecified Stroke, which includes DXGs 96.01 and 96.02 acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular disease. We believe that quality of care measured by completeness and wellness will induce higher payments per patient. These changes are already in place for the approximately 16 million participants in the Medicare Advantage program and are expected to expand to more types of insured patients as healthcare reform is deployed.
Undiagnosed vascular disease of the legs has been called a major under-diagnosed health problem in the United States by the National Institute of Health and the Wall Street Journal. We believe vascular disease in leg arteries is undiagnosed in 75% of cases, which is about 12 million Americans. Known as peripheral artery disease, or PAD, this condition is a common and deadly cardiovascular disease that is often undiagnosed. PAD develops when the arteries in the legs become clogged with plaque — fatty deposits — that limit blood flow to the legs. As with clogged arteries in the heart, clogged arteries in the legs place patients at an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Published studies have shown that persons with PAD are four times more likely to die of heart attack, and two-three times more likely to die of stroke. According to a study by P.G. Steg published in the JAMA, patients with PAD have a 21% event rate of cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke or cardiovascular hospitalization within 12 months. The SAGE Group has estimated that as many as 18 million people are affected with PAD in the United States alone and A.T. Hirsch et al. in a JAMA published article further estimate that only 11% have claudication (pain on exertion), a classic symptom of PAD. One can lower the risks associated with PAD if the disease is detected, with early detection providing the greatest benefit.
Many people affected with PAD do not have noticeable symptoms. When symptoms of PAD are present, they often include fatigue, heaviness, cramping or pain in the legs during activity, leg or foot pain, sores, wounds or ulcers on the toes, feet, or legs, which are slow to heal. Persons with PAD may become disabled and not be able to work, and can even lead to amputations. According to the SAGE Group, there are approximately 160,000 amputations due to PAD per year and, according to the National Limb Loss Information Center, an estimated 2 million Americans are amputees.
Risk factors for developing PAD include:

Age (over 50 years)

Race (African-American)

History of smoking

Diabetes

High blood pressure

High blood cholesterol

Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack, or stroke.
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We believe medical personnel who care for those older than 50 years are the target market for FloChec®, along with those insurance plans that have a high number of Medicare Advantage patients. Based on U.S. Census data, we believe there are more than 80 million older Americans who could be evaluated for the presence of PAD.
According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, there are over 200,000 internists, family practitioners and gerontologists in the United States. In addition, based on American Heart Association data, there are over 20,000 cardiologists and 7,500 vascular and cardiovascular surgeons. Also, there are millions of diabetic patients seen routinely by endocrinologists. Many podiatrists who see patients with these problems and orthopedic surgeons may see value in screening patients for circulation issues prior to leg procedures. Neurologists may need a tool to differentiate leg pain from vascular versus neurologic etiology. Nephrologists see patients with kidney disease, who have a higher frequency of PAD. Wound care centers need to know the adequacy of limb perfusion. We expect that each physician will have many patient visits annually from people older than 50 years. While, it is standard practice to ask about symptoms of PAD and to feel for diminished pulses on physical exam, we believe that it is often the case in busy practices, that the questions go unasked.
In addition, the physical exam of the extremities is generally cursory in the absence of a patient complaint. Given the ease of use and speed of FloChec®, we believe that many doctors will incorporate its use in their practice as a routine annual test to measure blood flow in an extremity. It is our intent that FloChec® be incorporated as a tool in the routine physical exam of adult patients by primary care providers in a similar fashion to the use of a thermometer or stethoscope. Providers do not request payment for using a stethoscope during the physical examination. Similarly, we do not expect (or intend) for providers that use our FloChec® to seek such a reimbursement approval. FloChec® is not specifically approved under a third-party payor code and we do not track customer requests for reimbursements. Accordingly, our customers may or may not be successful in receiving reimbursement if sought.
Our Strategy
Our mission is to develop, manufacture and market patented products and solutions that assist healthcare providers in monitoring patients and evaluating chronic diseases. We intend to do this by:

Capitalizing on opportunities provided by capitated payment programs.   For many capitated programs, payment is higher for sicker patients who have conditions that are codified. We believe a provider would prefer to have more remuneration for taking care of a patient. A provider expects to spend less time caring for a healthy patient than for a sicker patient. If payment per month was the same for both types of patients, there could be a disincentive for the provider to care for more unhealthy persons. Accordingly, CMS anticipated this situation and pays more per month for “sicker” patients who have chronic conditions that are identified on the medical record through use of an established coding system. This creates a business opportunity in finding low-cost, effective means to identify the conditions, which have been established in coding systems for risk adjustment of payments (higher payments paid to providers and healthcare plans to compensate them for caring for sicker or more risky patients). The more common and more dangerous a condition is, the greater the opportunity for profit. The goal is to provide cost-effective wellness.

Targeting customers with patients at risk of developing PAD.   Healthcare providers use blood flow measurements as part of their assessment of a patient’s vascular condition. Our strategy is to keep marketing FloChec® on a license-based model to insurance plans and medical personnel who care for those older than 50, including cardiologists, internists, nephrologists, endocrinologist, podiatrists, and family practitioners. Specifically, we believe there are more than 250,000 physicians and other potential customers in the United States alone, many of whom care for patients will be more than 50 years old and at increased risk of developing PAD. Based on U.S. Census data, the evaluable patient population for FloChec® is estimated to be more than 80 million patients in the United States annually.

Expanding the tools available to internists and non-peripheral vascular experts.   Our intention is to provide a tool to internists and non-peripheral vascular experts, for whom it was previously impractical to conduct a blood flow measurement unless in a specialized vascular laboratory. For
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vascular specialists, FloChec® does not require the use of blood pressure cuffs (which should not be used on some breast cancer patients), and measures without blood pressure in obese patients and patients with non-compressible, hard, calcified arteries. Currently, these patients often are unable to be measured satisfactorily with traditional analog ABI devices.

Developing additional product and service offerings that allow healthcare providers to deliver cost-effective wellness and receive increased compensation for their services.   We recently received FDA 510(k) clearance of the next generation of our product, FloChec®, reflecting several updates and modifications to the original model that were developed in conjunction with our consultant engineering groups. We are also exploring potential new product and service offerings. These product and service offerings are being designed to provide cost-effective wellness solutions for our growing, established customer base. The new products and service offerings under development or that may be developed may incorporate some of our current technology or new technology. The goal is to achieve a reputation for outstanding service and sell new cost-effective wellness solutions to leverage our gains in the marketplace for such product offerings.
Risks Associated with Our Business
Our ability to implement our business strategy is subject to numerous risks that you should be aware of before making an investment decision. These risks are described more fully in the section entitled “Risk Factors” immediately following this prospectus summary. These risks include, among others:

We have incurred significant losses since inception. There is no assurance that we will ever achieve or maintain profitability;

If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected;

We currently only have one product, FloChec®, that we market on a stand-alone basis, or incorporate into our multi-test platform, WellChec™; neither FloChec® nor our multi-test platform WellChec™ may achieve broad market acceptance or be commercially successful;

Physicians may not widely adopt FloChec® unless they determine, based on experience, long-term clinical data and published peer reviewed journal articles, that the use of FloChec® provides a safe and effective alternative to other existing ABI devices along with beneficial economic returns; and

If healthcare providers and insurance plans are unable to obtain adequate reimbursement for patient care based on health risk assessments done using our product or multi-test service platform, it is unlikely that our product or risk assessment platform will gain widespread acceptance.
Our Corporate Information
We were incorporated in the State of Oregon on August 9, 2007, established C-corporation status in 2012, and reincorporated as a Delaware corporation during 2013. Our principal executive offices are located at 2330 NW Everett St., Portland, Oregon 97210, and our telephone number is (877) 774-4211.
We are an “Emerging Growth Company”
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. As an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:

only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;

reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;

omitted compensation discussion and analysis;
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no requirement that we solicit non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and

exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting.
We intend to take advantage of the reduced disclosure obligations. Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can elect to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
We could remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of  (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period and (iv) December 31, 2019 (the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act). At this time we expect to remain an “emerging growth company” for the foreseeable future.
We also qualify as a “smaller reporting company” and thus we have the advantage of not being required to provide the same level of disclosure as larger public companies.
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THE OFFERING
Common stock offered by us
Up to              shares.
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering
             shares.
Use of proceeds
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund research and development activities for our development programs, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Risk factors
You should read the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 10 of this prospectus for a discussion of factors to consider carefully before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock.
NASDAQ Capital Market symbol
“SMLR”
The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 4,833,517 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2015 and excludes as of such date:

705,750 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2015, having a weighted average exercise price of  $1.52 per share;

50,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options issued after March 31, 2015, having an exercise price of  $3.50 per share;

359,714 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding, having a weighted average exercise price of  $5.15 per share;

332,391 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2014 stock incentive plan as of March 31, 2015 (after taking into account the grant of 50,000 options after such date).
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus reflects or assumes that there has been no exercise of outstanding options or warrants to purchase common stock after March 31, 2015.
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SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
The following tables set forth a summary of our historical financial data as of, and for the periods ended on, the dates indicated. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are derived from our audited financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and the balance sheet data as of March 31, 2015 are unaudited and are derived from our unaudited financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the following tables in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Among other things, those financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following financial data. Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of our future results.
Statement of Operations Data
For the year ended
December 31,
For the three months ended
March 31,
2014
2013
2015
2014
(unaudited)
Revenue
$ 3,635 $ 2,274 $ 1,202 $ 837
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue
692 469 220 155
Engineering and product development
1,113 356 309 229
Sales and marketing
3,723 2,256 1,228 746
General and administrative
2,448 1,317 793 497
Total operating expenses
7,976 4,398 2,550 1,627
Loss from operations
(4,341) (2,124) (1,348) (790)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense
(175) (108) (24) (26)
Other income (expense)
1 (1) (1)
Other expense
(174) (109) (24) (27)
Net loss
$ (4,515) $ (2,233) $ (1,372) $ (817)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$ (1.10) $ (2.84) $ (0.29) $ (0.36)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing
basic and diluted loss per share
4,105,754 786,750 4,763,573 2,240,703
Balance Sheet Data
As of March 31, 2015
Actual
As adjusted(1)(2)
(unaudited)
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 5,161 $    
Total assets
$ 6,403 $
Total liabilities
2,595
Total stockholders’ equity
$ 6,403 $
(1)
The as adjusted column reflects our assumed sale of               shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed offering price of  $          per share of common stock, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015, less the estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
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(2)
A $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed aggregate public offering price of  $          for one share of common stock issued in this offering, would increase (decrease) cash and cash equivalents and total capitalization by $          million, assuming that the number of shares of common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock we are offering. Each increase of 100,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us at an assumed offering price of  $          per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015, would increase each of our as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $         . Similarly, each decrease of 100,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us, at an assumed offering price of  $          per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015, would decrease each of our as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $         . The as adjusted information presented is illustrative only and will change based on the actual offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before investing in our common stock you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this prospectus. If any of the risks set forth below occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have incurred significant losses since inception. There is no assurance that we will ever achieve or maintain profitability.
Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $4,515,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $2,233,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $1,372,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to $817,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2014. As of March 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of  $15,239,000. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of our equity securities and, to a limited extent, bank financing. In the current economic environment, financing for technology and medical device companies has become increasingly difficult to obtain. Additional financing may not be available in the amount that we need or on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of us by our stockholders would be diluted. In addition, in order to raise additional funds we may have to issue equity or debt securities that have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our existing securities. We have devoted substantially all of our financial resources and efforts to research and development and marketing of our FloChec® system. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability.
Our independent registered public accounting firm’s report for the year ended December 31, 2014 includes a “going concern” explanatory paragraph.
As noted above, we have incurred recurring losses since inception and expect to continue to incur losses as a result of costs and expenses related to our marketing and other promotional activities, research and continued development of our FloChec® product. Our limited capital resources and operations to date have been funded primarily through sales of our equity securities and, to a limited extent, bank financing and revenue from leasing our FloChec® product. As of March 31, 2015, we had working capital of  $1,853,000, cash and restricted cash of  $5,161,000 (which includes $2,100,000 of restricted cash), stockholders’ equity of  $2,595,000 and an accumulated deficit of approximately $15,239,000. As our revenue grows, our operating expenses will continue to grow and, as a result, we will need to generate significant additional revenues to achieve profitability. Based on our currently available cash, we do not have adequate cash on hand to cover our anticipated expenses for the next 12 months. Accordingly, as a result of our available cash, our auditor’s report for year ended December 31, 2014 includes an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a “going concern.” In the event that we are unable to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities or raise additional funds, such as through the completion of this offering, we may be required to delay, reduce or severely curtail our operations or otherwise impede our on-going business efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and long-term prospects.
If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Our business strategy was formed based on assumptions about the peripheral arterial disease, or PAD, market that might prove wrong. We believe that various demographics and industry-specific trends, including the aging of the general population, growth of capitated payment programs, numbers of undiagnosed patients with PAD and the importance of codifying vascular disease will help drive growth in the PAD market and our risk assessment business. However, these demographics and trends, and our assumptions about them, are uncertain. Actual demand for our products and service offerings could differ materially from projected demand if our assumptions regarding these factors prove to be incorrect or do not materialize, or if alternatives to our products or other risk assessment service providers gain widespread acceptance.
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In addition, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy. To implement our business strategy we need to, among other things, find new applications for and improve our products and service offerings and educate healthcare providers and plans about the clinical and cost benefits of our products, all of which we believe could increase acceptance of our products by physicians. In addition, we are seeking to increase our sales and, in order to do so, will need to expand our direct and distributor sales forces in existing and new territories, all of which could result in our becoming subject to additional or different regulatory requirements, with which we may not be able to comply. Moreover, even if we successfully implement our business strategy, our operating results may not improve or may decline. We may decide to alter or discontinue aspects of our business strategy and may adopt different strategies due to business or competitive factors not currently foreseen, such as new medical technologies that would make our products obsolete. Any delay or failure to implement our business strategy may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We currently only have one FDA cleared product, FloChec®; FloChec® may not achieve broad market acceptance or be commercially successful.
We currently only have one marketed product. Accordingly, we expect that revenues from FloChec® will account for the vast majority of our revenues for at least the next several years. FloChec® may not gain broad market acceptance unless we continue to convince physicians and plans of its benefits. Moreover, even if physicians understand the benefits of FloChec®, they still may elect not to use FloChec® for a variety of reasons, such as the familiarity of the physician with other devices and approaches. We may not be successful in gaining market acceptance of a technique measuring comparative blood flows using our proprietary algorithm to indicate flow obstruction as opposed to existing techniques that measure comparative blood pressures using well-accepted criteria to indicate flow obstruction, or imaging techniques that visualize anatomy of the arteries. Physicians may also object to renting an examining tool with on-going monthly payments rather than making a one-time capital purchase, or be reluctant to pay monthly fees for tools in the examining room when they have many such tools, such as thermometer and stethoscope, that only required one-time minimal purchases.
If physicians do not perceive FloChec® as an attractive alternative to other products, procedures and techniques, we will not achieve significant market penetration or be able to generate significant revenues. To the extent that FloChec® is not commercially successful or is withdrawn from the market for any reason, our revenues will be adversely impacted, and our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed.
Physicians may not widely adopt our products unless they determine, based on experience, long-term clinical data and published peer reviewed journal articles, that the use of our products provides a safe and effective alternative to other existing ABI devices.
We believe that physicians will not widely adopt FloChec® or our other products in development unless they determine, based on experience, long-term clinical data and published peer reviewed journal articles, that the use of such product provides a safe and effective alternative to other existing ABI devices.
We cannot provide any assurance that the data collected from our past, current and any future clinical trials will be sufficient to demonstrate that our products are an attractive alternative to other ABI devices or procedures. If we fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy that is at least comparable to other ABI devices that are available on the market, our ability to successfully market our products will be significantly limited. Even if the data collected from clinical studies or clinical experience indicate positive results, each physician’s actual experience with our products will vary. We also believe that published per-reviewed journal articles and recommendations and support by influential physicians regarding FloChec® and our other products in development will be important for market acceptance and adoption, and we cannot assure you that we will receive these recommendations and support, or that supportive articles will be published. Accordingly, there is a risk that our products may not be adopted by many physicians, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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If healthcare providers are unable to obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement either for procedures performed using our product or patient care incorporating the use of our product, it is unlikely that our product will gain widespread acceptance.
Maintaining and growing revenues from our products and service offerings depends on the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, including government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, private insurance plans and managed care programs. Healthcare providers that use medical devices such as FloChec® to test their patients generally rely on third-party payors to pay for all or part of the costs and fees associated with the procedures performed with these devices, or to compensate them for their patient care services. The existence of adequate coverage and reimbursement for the procedures or patient care performed with FloChec® by government and private insurance plans is central to the acceptance of FloChec® and any future products. During the past several years, third-party payors have undertaken cost-containment initiatives including different payment methods, monitoring healthcare expenditures, and anti-fraud initiatives. We may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability if third-party payors deny coverage or reduce their current levels of payment, or if our costs of production increase faster than increases in reimbursement levels. Further, many private payors use coverage decisions and payment amounts determined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, which administers the Medicare program, as guidelines in setting their coverage and reimbursement policies. Future action by CMS or other government agencies may diminish payments to physicians, outpatient centers and/or hospitals. Those private payors that do not follow the Medicare guidelines may adopt different coverage and reimbursement policies for procedures or patient care performed with FloChec®. For some governmental programs, such as Medicaid, coverage and reimbursement differ from state to state, and some state Medicaid programs may not pay an adequate amount for the procedures or patient care performed with FloChec® if any payment is made at all. As the portion of the U.S. population over the age of 65 and eligible for Medicare continues to grow, we may be more vulnerable to coverage and reimbursement limitations imposed by CMS. Furthermore, the healthcare industry in the United States has experienced a trend toward cost containment as government and private insurers seek to control healthcare costs by imposing lower payment rates and negotiating reduced contract rates with service providers. Therefore, we cannot be certain that the procedures or patient care performed with our product will be reimbursed at a cost-effective level.
Our product, FloChec®, is not specifically approved for reimbursement under any third-party payor codes; if third-party payors refuse to reimburse our customers for their use of our product, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our product, FloChec®, is licensed by healthcare providers. They may bill various third-party payors, including governmental healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, private insurance plans and managed care programs for procedures in which FloChec® is used. Reimbursement is a significant factor considered by healthcare providers in determining whether to license medical devices or systems such as FloChec®. Although it is our intent that FloChec® be incorporated as a tool in the routine physical exam of adult patients by primary care providers in a similar fashion to the use of a thermometer or stethoscope (such that reimbursement is not sought), we cannot control whether or not providers who use FloChec® will seek reimbursement. Therefore, our ability to successfully commercialize FloChec® could depend on the adequacy of coverage and reimbursement from these third-party payors.
Currently, FloChec® is not specifically approved for any particular reimbursement code. Although most of our customers report being covered and reimbursed by third-party payors consistently for procedures using a variety of different reimbursement codes, there is a risk that third-party payors may disagree with the reimbursement under a particular code. In addition, some potential customers have deferred renting our product given the uncertainty regarding reimbursement. We do not track denial of requests for reimbursement made by the users of our product. It is our belief that such denials have occurred and might occur in the future with more or less frequency. Even if our product and procedures are often currently covered and reimbursed by third-party payors and Medicare, problems for customers to receive reimbursement or adverse changes in payors’ coverage and reimbursement policies that affect our product could harm our ability to market FloChec®. Obtaining approval for a particular reimbursement code is time consuming and can be costly. Accordingly, at this time, and given the way we intend FloChec® to be used, we do not intend to pursue formal approval for FloChec® for any particular code.
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Moreover, we are unable to predict what changes will be made to the reimbursement methodologies used by third-party payors. We cannot be certain that under current and future payment systems, in which healthcare providers may be reimbursed a set amount based on the type of procedure performed, such as those utilized by Medicare and in many privately managed care systems, the cost of our product will be justified and incorporated into the overall cost of the procedure.
We have limited experience marketing FloChec® and may not be able to generate anticipated sales.
Because we launched FloChec® in the first quarter of 2011, we have limited experience marketing our product. As of March 31, 2015, we had 16 employees dedicated to sales and marketing of our product. In August 2012, we began a co-exclusive supply and distribution arrangement with Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., a large medical device company, to distribute FloChec®. Our operating results are directly dependent upon our sales and marketing efforts and to a lesser extent, the efforts of our co-exclusive contract distributor. While we expect our sales and marketing force and our co-exclusive contract distributor to develop long-lasting relationships with the physicians and healthcare providers they serve and provide services in accordance with our standards. However, we do not control our co-exclusive contract distributor, and it operates and oversees its own daily operations. There is a risk that our co-exclusive contract distributor will not always act consistent with our best interests. If our co-exclusive contract distributor fails to adequately promote and market FloChec®, our revenues could decrease and we might not be able to achieve or maintain profitability and it could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We face challenges and risk in managing and maintaining our distribution network and the parties who make up that network.
We face significant challenges and risks in managing our distribution network and retaining the parties who make up that network. If any of our sales or marketing force were to resign us, or if our co-exclusive distributor were to cease to do business with us, our sales could be adversely affected. Our co-exclusive distributor accounted for less than 20% of our revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. If our co-exclusive distributor were to cease to distribute our product, it would slow down our efforts to gain widespread market acceptance of FloChec®. Although we have a good relationship with our co-exclusive distributor and have no reason to believe that our current contract will not be renewed when it expires at the end of December 2015 or that our co-exclusive distributor will terminate our arrangement prior to expiration (which it is permitted to do upon 90 days’ notice under our contract), we may need to seek out alternatives, such as increasing our direct sales and marketing force or contracting with external independent sales representatives or enter another distributor relationship. There is no guarantee that we would be successful in our efforts to find independent sales representatives or another large distributor, or that we would be able to negotiate contract terms favorable to us. Failure to hire or retain qualified direct sales and marketing personnel or independent distributors would prevent us from expanding our business and generating revenues, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve or maintain profitability.
To adequately commercialize our products, we may need to increase our sales and marketing network, which will require us to hire, train, retain and supervise employees and other independent contractors.
We are currently exploring other sales models to generate revenue from our products in addition to the leasing model. These include our recently launched WellChec™ multi-test platform. As we increase our marketing efforts to pursue these new strategies, and expand our efforts to target insurance plans that serve Medicare Advantage members, we may need to increase our sales and marketing network. Our future success will depend largely on our ability to continue to hire, train, retain and motivate skilled direct sales representatives, independent sales representatives or distributors with significant technical knowledge about our product, in addition to coordinating networks of contract medical assistants and other personnel to staff health and wellness fairs and physicians’ offices in fee-for-service models. New hires and independent contractors require training, supervision and take time to achieve full productivity. If we fail to train and supervise new hires adequately, or if we experience high turnover in our sales force or trained professionals in the future, we cannot be certain that we will maintain or increase our sales. If we are unable to expand our sales and marketing capabilities, we may not be able to effectively commercialize FloChec® or our other products and service offerings in development, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We do not require our customers to enter into long-term licenses or maintenance contracts for our products or services and may therefore lose customers on short notice.
Our business is primarily based on a leasing model rather than an outright sale of our products. Our pricing is based on data collected on use rates and third-party payment rates to physicians and facilities for the use of our product. We require no down payment, long-term commitment or maintenance contract or fees from our customers and replace damaged products free of charge in the service model. If we lose current customers on short notice, we may not be able to find new customers to replace them with in a timely manner and that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, our business model of replacing damaged products free of charge may prove to be costly and affect the profitability of our service model.
We rely heavily upon the talents of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, the loss of either could severely damage our business.
Our performance depends to a large extent on a small number of key scientific, technical, managerial and marketing personnel. In particular, we believe our success is highly dependent upon the services and reputation of our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, and our Chief Operating Officer, Robert G. McRae. Dr. Murphy-Chutorian and Mr. McRae each provide highly valuable contributions in instituting a strong focus of specification methods, test method development and improved product quality. In particular, Mr. McRae has defined our product development pipeline and budget, provided design controls and enhanced the customer support functions. We do not have key man insurance for either Mr. McRae, or Dr. Murphy-Chutorian. The loss of either Dr. Murphy-Chutorian or Mr. McRae’s services could still severely damage our business prospects, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on a sole independent supplier and single facility for the manufacturing of FloChec®. Any delay or disruption in the supply of the product or facility, may negatively impact our operations.
We manufacture our product, FloChec®, through a sole independent contractor. The loss or disruption of our relationships with outside vendors could subject us to substantial delays in the delivery of our product to customers. Significant delays in the delivery of our product could result in possible cancellation of orders and the loss of customers. Although we expect our vendor to comply with our contract terms, we do not have control over our vendor. Our inability to provide a product that meets delivery schedules could have a material adverse effect on our reputation in the industry, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Further, we manufacture FloChec® through this sole contract manufacturer in one single facility. If an event occurred that resulted in material damage to this manufacturing facility or our manufacturing contractor lacked sufficient labor to fully operate the facility, we may be unable to transfer the manufacture of FloChec® to another facility or location in a cost-effective or timely manner, if at all. This potential inability to transfer production could occur for a number of reasons, including but not limited to a lack of necessary relevant manufacturing capability at another facility, or the regulatory requirements of the FDA or other governmental regulatory bodies. Even if there are many qualified contract manufacturers available around the country and our product is relatively easy to manufacture, such an event could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Because we operate in an industry with significant product liability risk, and we may not be sufficiently insured against this risk, we may be subject to substantial claims against our product or services that we may provide.
The development, manufacture and sale, lease or use of products or provision of services in a medical setting entails significant risks of product liability or other negligence or malpractice claims. Although we maintain insurance to cover us in the event of liability claims, and as of the date of this prospectus, no such claims have been asserted or threatened against us, our insurance may not be sufficient to cover all possible future liabilities regarding our product, or from performing tests with our product or other non-proprietary products. Accordingly, we may not be adequately protected from any liabilities, including any adverse judgments or settlements, we might incur in connection with the development, clinical testing, manufacture
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and sale, lease or use of our products or the provision of services. A successful product liability claim or negligence or medical malpractice claim or series of claims brought against us that result in an adverse judgment against or settlement by us in excess of any insurance coverage could seriously harm our financial condition or reputation. Moreover, even if no judgments, fines, damages or liabilities are imposed on us, our reputation could suffer, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, product liability and other malpractice insurance is expensive and may not always be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.
We may implement a product recall or voluntary market withdrawal or stop shipment of our product due to product defects or product enhancements and modifications, which would significantly increase our costs.
The manufacturing and marketing of FloChec® and any future products that we may develop involves an inherent risk that our products may prove to be defective. In that event, we may voluntarily implement a recall or market withdrawal or stop shipment, or may be required to do so by a regulatory authority. A recall of FloChec® or one of our future products, or a similar product manufactured by another manufacturer, could impair sales of the products we market as a result of confusion concerning the scope of the recall or as a result of the damage to our reputation for quality and safety. Further any product recall, voluntary market withdrawal or shipment stoppage of our product could significantly increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on our business.
If we fail to properly manage our anticipated growth, our business could suffer.
Our growth has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management and on our operational and financial resources and systems. Failure to manage our growth effectively could cause us to over-invest or under-invest, and result in losses or weaknesses. Additionally, our anticipated growth will increase the demands placed on our supplier, resulting in an increased need for us to carefully monitor for quality assurance. Any failure by us to manage our growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our ability to achieve our development and commercialization goals.
Fluctuations in insurance cost and availability could adversely affect our profitability or our risk management profile.
We hold a number of insurance policies, including product liability insurance, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, and workers’ compensation insurance. If the costs of maintaining adequate insurance coverage increase significantly in the future, our operating results could be materially adversely affected. Likewise, if any of our current insurance coverage should become unavailable to us or become economically impractical, we would be required to operate our business without indemnity from commercial insurance providers. If we operate our business without insurance, we could be responsible for paying claims or judgments against us that would have otherwise been covered by insurance, which could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
We will need to generate significant revenues to become and remain profitable.
We intend to increase our operating expenses substantially as we add sales representatives to increase our geographic sales coverage, increase our marketing capabilities, pursue research and new product and service offering development and increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations. We will need to generate significant sales to achieve and maintain profitability and we might not be able to do so. Even if we do generate significant sales, we might not be able to become profitable or sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If our sales grow more slowly than we anticipate or if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our financial performance will likely be adversely affected.
Our future financial performance will depend in part on the successful improvements and software updates to FloChec® on a cost-effective basis.
Our future financial performance will depend in part on our ability to influence, anticipate, identify and respond to changing consumer preferences and needs and the technologies relating to the care and treatment of vascular problems. We can provide no assurances that FloChec® will achieve significant
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commercial success and that it will gain meaningful market share. We may not correctly anticipate or identify trends in consumer preferences or needs, or may identify them later than competitors do. In addition, difficulties in manufacturing or in obtaining regulatory approvals may delay or prohibit improvements to FloChec® or our other products in development. Further, we may not be able to develop improvements and software updates to FloChec® at a cost that allows us to meet our goals for profitability. Service costs relating to our product may be greater than anticipated, rentals may be returned prior to the end of the license term, and we may be required to devote significant resources to address any quality issues associated with FloChec®.
Failure to successfully introduce improve or update our products on a cost-effective basis, or delays in customer decisions related to the evaluation of our products could cause us to lose market acceptance and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in an intensely competitive and rapidly changing business environment, and there is a substantial risk our products or service offerings could become obsolete or uncompetitive.
The market for medical systems, equipment and other devices and services is highly competitive. We compete with many medical service companies in the United States and internationally in connection with FloChec® and products under development. We face competition from numerous companies in the diagnostic area, as well as competition from academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. Most of our current and potential competitors have, and will continue to have, substantially greater financial, technological, research and development, regulatory and clinical, manufacturing, marketing and sales, distribution and personnel resources than we do. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient resources to successfully commercialize FloChec® or any other future products, if and when they are approved for sale or license, or service offerings that we may develop. Our future success will depend largely upon our ability to anticipate and keep pace with developments and advances. Current or future competitors could develop alternative technologies or products or service offerings that are more effective, easier to use or more economical than what we or any potential licensee develop. If our technologies or products or service offerings become obsolete or uncompetitive, our related revenue would decrease. This would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
One of our business strategies is developing additional products and service offerings that allow healthcare providers to deliver cost-effective wellness and receive increased compensation for their services. The development of new products and service offerings involves time and expense and we may never realize the benefits of this investment.
As part of our business strategy, we intend to develop additional products and service offerings that allow healthcare providers to deliver cost-effective wellness and receive increased compensation for their services. Such product and service offering development may require substantial investments and we may commit significant resources and time before knowing whether our efforts will translate into profits for our company. It is possible that our development efforts will not be successful and that we will not be able to develop new products or service offerings, or if developed that we will obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for commercialization. Even if we receive necessary regulatory approvals, there is no guarantee that such approved products or any new service offerings will achieve market acceptance and we may never realize the benefits of any investment in this strategy.
Risks Related to Our Legal and Regulatory Environment
Our business is subject to many laws and government regulations governing the manufacture and sale of medical devices, including the FDA’s 510(k) clearance process, and laws and regulations governing patient data and information, among others.
FloChec® and any future medical devices that we may develop or services that we may offer are subject to extensive regulation in the United States by the federal government, including by the FDA. The FDA regulates virtually all aspects of a medical device’s design, development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, record keeping, adverse event reporting, sale, promotion, distribution and shipping. We must report to the FDA when evidence suggests that one of our devices may have caused or contributed to death or
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serious injury or has malfunctioned and the device or a similar device would be likely to cause or contribute to death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. If such adverse event occurred, we could incur substantial expense and harm to our reputation and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Before a new medical device can be marketed in the United States, it must first receive either premarket approval or 510(k) clearance from the FDA, unless an exemption exists. The same rule applies when a manufacturer plans to market a medical device for a new use. The process can be costly and time-consuming. The FDA is expected to respond to a section 510(k) notification in 90 days, but often takes much longer. The premarket approval process usually takes six months to three years, but may take longer. We cannot assure that any new medical devices or new uses or modifications for FloChec® that we develop will be cleared or approved in a timely or cost-effective manner, if cleared or approved at all. Even if such clearances or approvals are received, they may not be for all indications. Because medical devices may only be marketed for cleared or approved indications, this could significantly limit the market for that product and may adversely affect our results of operations.
FloChec® was initially cleared through the 510(k) clearance process in February 2010 (as FloChec®), and in March 2015 we received FDA clearance of this next generation version. However, any further modification to a cleared 510(k) device that could significantly affect its safety or efficacy, or that would constitute a significant change in its intended use, will require a new clearance process. The FDA requires device manufacturers to make their own determination regarding whether a modification requires a new clearance; however, the FDA can review and invalidate a manufacturer’s decision not to file for a new clearance. We cannot guarantee that the FDA will agree with our decisions not to seek clearances for particular device modifications or that we will be successful in obtaining 510(k) clearances for modifications. Any such additional clearance processes with the FDA could delay our ability to market a modified product and may adversely affect our results of operations.
Moreover, as we explore other opportunities to generate revenue, which include performing risk assessment testing for physicians or insurance plans on their patient pools, we are subject to additional laws and regulations regarding the provision of such services. Although we intend to subcontract for qualified and licensed professionals to use our FloChec® device, among others, to provide risk assessment services to our customers’ patients, the provision of such services is subject to a number of laws and regulations, including with respect to patient data and other information.
The FDA may change its policies, adopt additional regulations, or revise existing regulations, in particular relating to the 510(k) clearance process.
The FDA also may change its policies, adopt additional regulations, or revise existing regulations, each of which could prevent or delay premarket approval or 510(k) clearance of a device, or could impact our ability to market our currently cleared device. We anticipate significant changes in the near future that will affect the way the 510(k) clearance program will operate. On August 3, 2010, the FDA released for public comment two internal working group reports with numerous recommendations to improve the 510(k) clearance process and utilize science in regulatory decision making to encourage innovation yet maintain predictability of the clearance process. In July, 2011, the Institute of Medicine, which was asked by the FDA to evaluate and make recommendations on the 510(k) clearance program released its report entitled “Medical Devices and the Public’s Health, The FDA 510(k) Clearance Process.” The report contained numerous and broad recommendations that, if followed, will have a significant impact on the medical device industry. Also in July, 2011, the FDA issued a draft guidance titled “510(k) Device Modifications: Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Change to an Existing Device.” This draft guidance document was withdrawn on July 17, 2012 in accordance with Section 510(n)(2)(B) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as amended by the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. An existing 1997 guidance on the same topic therefore remains in effect, but any future reforms could require us to file new 510(k) clearances and could increase the total number of 510(k) clearance to be filed. We cannot predict what effect these reforms will have on our ability to obtain 510(k) clearances in a timely manner. We also cannot predict the nature of other regulatory reforms and their resulting effects on our business.
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Our business is subject to unannounced inspections by FDA to determine our compliance with FDA requirements.
FDA inspections can result in inspectional observations on FDA’s Form-483, warning letters or other forms of more significant enforcement action. More specifically, if FDA concludes that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, or that FloChec® or any future medical device we develop is ineffective or pose an unreasonable health risk, the FDA could:

require us to notify health professionals and others that our devices present unreasonable risk of substantial harm to public health;

order us to recall, repair, replace or refund the cost of any medical device that we manufactured or distributed;

detain, seize or ban adulterated or misbranded medical devices;

refuse to provide us with documents necessary to export our product;

refuse requests for 510(k) clearance or premarket approval of new products or new intended uses;

withdraw 510(k) clearances that are already granted;

impose operating restrictions, including requiring a partial or total shutdown of production;

enjoin or restrain conduct resulting in violations of applicable law pertaining to medical devices; and/or

assess criminal or civil penalties against our officers, employees or us.
If the FDA concludes that we failed to comply with any regulatory requirement during an inspection, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. We could incur substantial expense and harm to our reputation, and our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner could be adversely affected.
Although part of our business strategy is based on certain advantageous new payment provisions enacted under the current government healthcare reform, we also face significant uncertainty in the industry regarding the implementation of the Health Care Reform Law.
Political, economic and regulatory influences are subjecting the healthcare industry to fundamental changes. In March 2010, President Obama signed into law the Health Care Reform Law. The Health Care Reform Law has brought a new way of doing business for providers and health insurance plans. We believe that fee for service programs will be reduced in favor of capitated programs that pay a monthly fee per patient. Risk factor adjustments per patient will provide payment that is higher for sicker patients who have conditions that are codified. Quality of care measured by completeness and wellness will induce higher payments per patient. These changes are already in place for 16 million participants in the Medicare Advantage program and are expected to expand to more types of insured patients as healthcare reform is deployed. Although we expect these measures to be mainly positive for our business given the ability of FloChec® to measure blood flow in an in-office setting, which can assist doctors and other providers to suspect PAD and other vascular diseases, due to uncertainties regarding the ultimate features of the new federal legislation and its implementation, we cannot predict what impact the Health Care Reform Law may have on us, our customers or our industry. If the Health Care Reform Law is not implemented as we anticipate, or if changes are made in the implementation of the Health Care Reform Law such that there are no incentives for identifying sicker patients, it would negatively affect our business prospects and strategy, and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the Health Care Reform Law imposes a 2.3% excise tax on the sale, lease, rental or use of any taxable human medical device after December 31, 2012, subject to certain exclusions, by the manufacturer, producer or importer of such device. Generally, the lease of a taxable medical device by the manufacturer will be treated as a sale for purposes of the medical device excise tax, and the medical device excise tax will be imposed on the portion of the lease payment that relates to the use of the taxable medical device (subject to limitation in certain circumstances). The total cost to the industry is expected to be approximately $30 billion over ten years. This new and significant tax burden could have a negative impact
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on our results of our operations. Further, the Health Care Reform Act encourages hospitals and physicians to work collaboratively through shared savings programs, such as accountable care organizations, as well as other bundled payment initiatives, which may ultimately result in the reduction of medical device acquisitions and the consolidation of medical device suppliers used by hospitals. While passage of the Health Care Reform Law may ultimately expand the pool of potential patients for FloChec® and encourage the use of health risk assessment devices and services, the above-discussed changes could adversely affect our financial results and business.
The applicable healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations, along with the increased enforcement environment, may lead to an enforcement action targeting us, which could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, state anti-kickback statutes, the Federal False Claims Act, and state false claims acts. Additionally, to the extent we maintain financial relationships with physicians and other healthcare providers, we may be subject to Federal and state physician payment sunshine laws and regulations, which require us to track and disclose these financial relationships. These and other laws regulate interactions amongst health care entities and with sources of referrals of business, among other things. The Federal Anti-Kickback Statute is a criminal statute that imposes substantial penalties on persons or entities that offer, solicit, pay or receive payments in return for referrals, recommendations, purchases or orders of items or services that are reimbursable by Federal healthcare programs. The False Claims Act imposes liability, including treble damages and per claim penalties, on any person or entity that submits or causes to be submitted a claim to the Federal government that he or she knows (or should know) is false. The Health Care Reform Law further provides that a claim submitted for items or services, the provision of which resulted from a violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute, is “false” under the False Claims Act and certain other false claims statutes.
We may be subject to liability under these laws and may also be subject to liability for any future conduct that is deemed by the government or the courts to violate these laws. Additionally, over the past ten years, partially as the result of the passage of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and of the Health Care Reform Law, the government has pursued an increasing number of enforcement actions. This increased enforcement environment may increase scrutiny of us, directly or indirectly, and could increase the likelihood of an enforcement action targeting us. We have entered into a supply and distribution agreement with Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., as well as purchase agreements with a number of our customers, and intend to start offering risk assessment services to our customers. These customers include parties that bill Federal healthcare programs for use of our product, all of whom may be subject to government scrutiny. Finally, to the extent that any of the agreements are breached or terminated, our business may experience a decrease in revenues. In addition, to the extent that our customers, many of whom are providers, may be affected by this increased enforcement environment, our business could correspondingly be affected. It is possible that a review of our business practices or those of our customers by courts or government authorities could result in a determination with an adverse effect on our business. We cannot predict the effect of possible future enforcement actions on our business.
Changes in, or interpretations of, tax rules and regulations may adversely affect our effective tax rates.
We are subject to income and other taxes in the United States. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, there could be changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities or changes in the relevant tax, accounting, and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation, or the effects of a change in tax policy in the United States, could have a material effect on our operating results in the period or periods for which that determination is made.
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We are an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and may remain an emerging growth company for up to five years from our first sale of securities pursuant to an effective registration statement. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include:

being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting;

not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;

reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and

exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We have taken advantage of reduced reporting burdens in this prospectus. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of these accounting standards until they would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption and, therefore, we will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to other companies that comply with public company effective dates.
We have incurred and will continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management has been and will continue to be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.
As a newly public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur increased costs, and our management has been and will continue to be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices. Moreover, after we are no longer an emerging growth company, and in particular if we are no longer a smaller reporting company, we will incur additional significant legal, accounting and other expenses to address compliance and corporate governance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of The NASDAQ Capital Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Although we are currently both an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company, our management and other personnel will nevertheless need to continue to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, the currently applicable rules and regulations have already increased our legal and financial compliance costs and made some activities more time-consuming and costly.
We are continuing to evaluate these rules and regulations, and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.
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Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, we will be required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting. However, even if we are no longer a smaller reporting company, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. If we identify one or more material weaknesses, it could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.
We have previously identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, or if our former material weaknesses recur, it could have an adverse effect on our company.
In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, our management and independent registered public accounting firm identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. These material weaknesses related to our lack of a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience in the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, commensurate with our financial reporting requirements and the fact that policies and procedures with respect to the review, supervision, and monitoring of our accounting and reporting functions were either not designed and in place or not operating effectively. As a result, numerous audit adjustments to our financial statements were identified during the course of the audit. Our management and independent registered public accounting firm did not perform an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 or 2013 in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Had we and our independent registered public accounting firm performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, additional control deficiencies may have been identified by management or our independent registered public accounting firm, and those control deficiencies could have also represented one or more material weaknesses.
Although we implemented measures to remedy these material weaknesses, we cannot assure you that we have identified all or that we will not in the future have additional material weaknesses. Accordingly, material weaknesses may still exist when we report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for purposes of our attestation when required by reporting requirements under the Exchange Act or Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we have additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, it could have an adverse effect on our company.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
Our success largely depends on our ability to obtain and protect the proprietary information on which we base our product.
Our success depends in large part upon our ability to establish and maintain the proprietary nature of our technology through the patent process, as well as our ability to license from others patents and patent applications necessary to develop our product. If our patent or any future patents are successfully challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or our right or ability to manufacture our product was to be limited, our ability to continue to manufacture and market our product could be adversely affected. In addition to patents, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how, which we seek to protect, in part, through confidentiality and proprietary information agreements. The other parties to these agreements may breach these provisions, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. Additionally, our trade secrets could otherwise become known to or be independently developed by competitors.
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As of March 31, 2015, we have been issued, or have rights to, one U.S. patent. In addition, we have filed three U.S. patent applications that are still pending. The patent we hold may be successfully challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or we may otherwise be unable to rely on this patent. These risks are also present for the process we use for manufacturing our product. In addition, our competitors, many of whom have substantial resources and have made substantial investments in competing technologies, may apply for and obtain patents that prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use and sell our product, either in the United States or in international markets. The medical device industry has been characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. We may institute, become party to, or be threatened with, future adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our product and technology, including interference or derivation proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO. Third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing patents or patents that may be granted in the future. If we are found to infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights, we could be required to obtain a license from such third party to continue developing and marketing our product and technology. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. We could be forced, including by court order, to cease commercializing the infringing technology or product. In addition, we could be found liable for monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent. A finding of infringement could prevent us from commercializing our product or force us to cease some of our business operations, which could materially harm our business. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar negative impact on our business. The defense and prosecution of intellectual property suits, USPTO proceedings and related legal and administrative proceedings are both costly and time consuming. Any litigation or interference proceedings involving us may require us to incur substantial legal and other fees and expenses and may require some of our employees to devote all or a substantial portion of their time to the proceedings.
We may need to license intellectual property from third parties, and such licenses may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms.
A third party may hold intellectual property, including patent rights that are important or necessary to the development of FloChec® or any future products. It may be necessary for us to use the patented or proprietary technology of a third party to commercialize our own technology or products, in which case we would be required to obtain a license from such third party. A license to such intellectual property may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that our employees or we have misappropriated their intellectual property, or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.
Although we try to ensure that we and our employees and independent contractors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or that these employees or independent contractors have used or disclosed intellectual property in violation of the rights of others. These claims may cover a range of matters, such as challenges to our trademarks, as well as claims that our employees or independent contractors are using trade secrets or other proprietary information of any such employee’s former employer or independent contractors. Although we do not expect the resolution of the proceeding to have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition, litigation to defend ourselves against claims can be both costly and time consuming, and divert management’s attention away from growing our business.
In addition, while it is our policy to require our employees and independent contractors who may be involved in the development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who in fact develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. Our and their assignment agreements may not be self-executing or may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property.
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If we fail in prosecuting or defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in prosecuting or defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.
Intellectual property litigation could cause us to spend substantial resources and distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities.
Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses, and could distract our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could compromise our ability to compete in the marketplace.
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.
In addition to seeking patents for some of our technology and product, we also rely on trade secrets, including unpatented know-how, technology and other proprietary information, to maintain our competitive position. We seek to protect these trade secrets, in part, by entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to them, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, contract manufacturers, consultants, advisors and other third parties. We also generally enter into confidentiality and invention or patent assignment agreements with our employees and consultants. Despite these efforts, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Enforcing a claim that a party infringed a patent or illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they communicate it, from using that technology or information to compete with us. If any of our trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position would be harmed.
Risks Related to our Common Stock and this Offering
Our executive officers and directors, if they choose to act together, have the ability to control all matters submitted to stockholders for approval.
Our executive officers and directors beneficially own in the aggregate shares representing approximately 25.1% of our common stock as of March 31, 2015. If these stockholders choose to act together, they are able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, as well as our management and affairs. For example, these persons, if they choose to act together, can control the election of directors and approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This concentration of ownership control may:

delay, defer or prevent a change in control;

entrench our management and the board of directors; or

impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us that other stockholders may desire.
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Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions in our corporate charter and our bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of our company that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Among other things, these provisions:

allow the authorized number of our directors to be changed only by resolution of our board of directors;

establish advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at stockholder meetings and nominations to our board of directors;

require that stockholder actions must be effected at a duly called stockholder meeting; and

limit who may call stockholder meetings.
Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.
An active trading market for our common stock may not develop.
Prior to our initial public offering, there was no public market for our common stock. Although our common stock has traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market since February 2014, an active trading market for our shares may never develop or be sustained. If an active market for our common stock does not develop, it may be difficult for you to sell our shares without depressing the market price for the shares or at all.
The price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of our common stock.
Our stock price has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. The stock market in general and the market for smaller medical device companies in particular have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell your common stock. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:

the success of competitive products, services or technologies;

regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries;

developments or disputes concerning patent applications, issued patents or other proprietary rights;

the recruitment or departure of key personnel;

actual or anticipated changes in estimates as to financial results, development timelines or recommendations by securities analysts;

variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;

changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems;

market conditions in the medical device sector;
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general economic, industry and market conditions; and

the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gain.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. In addition, the terms of any future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
We have broad discretion in how we use the net proceeds of this offering, and we may not use these proceeds effectively or in ways with which you agree.
Our management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds of this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Our stockholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Moreover, our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not increase the market price of our common stock.
You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock and warrants you purchase.
The assumed offering price of the common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock. Therefore, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in the pro forma net tangible book value per share of common stock from the price per share that you pay for the common stock. If the holders of outstanding options or warrants exercise those options or warrants at prices below the assumed offering price, you will incur further dilution. See the section entitled “Dilution” below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase shares in this offering.
Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gain.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We anticipate that we will retain our earnings, if any, for future growth and therefore do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the future. As a result, only appreciation of the price of our common stock will provide a return to stockholders.
You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
In order to raise additional capital or pursue strategic acquisition opportunities, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders.
The price per share at which we sell or issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingency, goals, targets or future development and/or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and they are subject to risks and uncertainties known and unknown that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology, such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “may,” “should,” “continue,” “could” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Accordingly, these statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in them. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this prospectus.
You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only. Because the risk factors referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties, along with others, are described above under the heading “Risk Factors.” Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the information presented in this prospectus, and particularly our forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.
This prospectus includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe these industry publications and third party research, surveys and studies are reliable, we have not independently verified such data.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We will receive net proceeds of approximately $          million from the sale of the shares of common stock offered by us in this offering, based on an assumed public offering price of  $          per share (the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015), and after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of  $          per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $          million assuming the assumed public offering price of  $          per share (the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015), the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes. We anticipate using the proceeds from this offering to continue to grow and invest in our business. We currently anticipate that we will use approximately 42% of the proceeds to invest in our sales and marketing efforts to commercialize our product, and use approximately 27% for general and administrative expenditures, including addressing compliance with U.S. public company requirements, such as hiring additional personnel and investing in our corporate infrastructure. We also anticipate using approximately 21% of the proceeds on research and development efforts and plan to use approximately 3% of the proceeds to acquire additional FloChec® devices for lease.
This expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current financial condition, results of operations, business plans and conditions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the closing of this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors. As a result, our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering.
Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, investment grade, interest bearing instruments and U.S. government securities.
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PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SMLR.” The following table sets forth the ranges of high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market for the periods indicated. Such quotations represent inter-dealer prices without retail markup, markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions:
High
Low
2014
First Quarter (since February 21, 2014)
$ 7.00 $ 4.89
Second Quarter
5.48 3.90
Third Quarter
4.16 2.94
Fourth Quarter
2.96 1.96
2015
First Quarter
$ 6.00 $ 1.96
Second Quarter (through May 7, 2015)
$ 3.90 $ 3.17
On May 7, 2015, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market was $3.53 per share. As of May 7, 2015, we had approximately 29 holders of record of our common stock.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends for the foreseeable future. We are not subject to any legal restrictions respecting the payment of dividends, except that we may not pay dividends if the payment would render us insolvent. Any future determination as to the payment of cash dividends on our common stock will be at our board of directors’ discretion and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors considers to be relevant.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table describes our capitalization as of March 31, 2015:

on an actual basis; and

on an as adjusted basis after giving effect to the sale of our common stock in this offering at the assumed public offering price of  $          per share of common stock (the last reported sale price of our common stock, as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015), less the estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
You should read this capitalization table together with “Use of Proceeds,” the financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the other financial information included in this prospectus.
As of March 31, 2015
Actual
As adjusted(1)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 4,858,517 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2015 and        shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted
4,858,517
Additional paid-in capital
17,829,000
Accumulated deficit
(15,239)
Total stockholders’ equity
2,595
Total capitalization
$        $       
(1)
A $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of  $          per share would increase (decrease) total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization on an as adjusted basis by approximately $         , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock we are offering. Each increase of 100,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us at an assumed offering price of  $          per share would increase each of our total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization on an as adjusted basis by approximately $         . Similarly, each decrease of 100,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us at an assumed offering price of  $          per share would decrease each of our total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization on an as adjusted basis by approximately $         . The as adjusted information presented is illustrative only and will change based on the actual offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
The preceding table excludes:

705,750 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2015, having a weighted average exercise price of  $1.52 per share;

50,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options issued after March 31, 2015, having an exercise price of  $3.50 per share;

359,714 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding, having a weighted average exercise price of  $5.15 per share;

332,391 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2014 stock incentive plan as of March 31, 2015 (after taking into account the grant of 50,000 options after such date).
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DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.
Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our total tangible assets less our total liabilities by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Our historical net tangible book value as of March 31, 2015 was approximately $          million, or $          per share.
Dilution per share to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after completion of this offering. After giving effect to the sale of the common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of  $          per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015, and after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2015 would have been $          million, or $          per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of  $          per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of  $          per share to investors participating in this offering, as illustrated in the following table:
Assumed public offering price per share
$    
Historical net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2015
$
Increase in as-adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors
$    
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering
$
Dilution per share to investors participating in this offering
$
Each $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of  $          per share, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on            , 2015, would increase (decrease) the as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $          million, or approximately $          per share, and increase (decrease) the dilution per share to new investors by approximately $          per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. An increase of 100,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase the as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $          million, or $          per share, and the dilution per share to new investors would be approximately $          per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same and after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, a decrease of 100,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would decrease the as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $          million, or approximately $          per share, and the dilution per share to new investors would be approximately $          per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same and after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
The foregoing calculations exclude the following shares as of March 31, 2015:

705,750 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2015, having a weighted average exercise price of  $1.52 per share;

50,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options issued after March 31, 2015, having an exercise price of  $3.50 per share;

359,714 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding, having a weighted average exercise price of  $5.15 per share;

332,391 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2014 stock incentive plan as of March 31, 2015 (after taking into account the grant of 50,000 options after such date).
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Furthermore, we may choose to raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. We may also choose to engage in strategic acquisitions through the issuance of shares of our stock. New investors will experience further dilution if any of our outstanding options or warrants are exercised, new options are issued and exercised under our equity incentive plans or we issue additional shares of common stock, other equity securities or convertible debt securities in the future.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. Please refer to the discussion under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” above.
Overview
We are an emerging medical risk-assessment company. Our mission is to develop, manufacture and market patented products that assist healthcare providers in monitoring patients and evaluating chronic diseases. Our first patented and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA cleared product, is FloChec®. FloChec® is used in the office setting to allow providers to measure arterial blood flow in the extremities and is a useful tool for internists and primary care physicians for whom it was previously impractical to conduct blood flow measurements. Our product initially received FDA 510(k) clearance in February 2010, we began Beta testing it in the third quarter of 2010, and began commercially leasing it in January 2011. In March 2015 we received FDA 510(k) clearance for the next generation version. In March 2015 we also launched our multi-test platform, WellChec™, to perform risk assessments for our customers. We believe the combination of our proprietary risk assessment product, FloChec®, and our multi-test service platform, WellChec™, position us to provide valuable health risk assessment tools to our insurance company and physician customers, which in turn permit them to guide patient care and close the gap between the cost of patient care and compensation for providing that care.
Sources of Revenues and Expenses
Revenue
We generate revenue primarily from the rental or license of our FloChec® system to our customers. We expect physicians and other providers that license FloChec® to provide a recurring source of revenue during the license term. We recognize revenue from the licensing of our FloChec® product as earned, on a month-to-month basis. FloChec® licences are billed at the rates established in our customer agreements. We recognize revenue for providing service on a per test basis to customers, as earned, on a month-to-month basis.
Cost of revenue
Our cost of revenue consists primarily of four components: the depreciation expense of our FloChec® systems for lease; the write-off of the residual value of FloChec® systems retired from active leasing; manufacturing oversight personnel costs; and other miscellaneous items, such as freight, that are not directly related to FloChec® production. Each FloChec® unit has a depreciation schedule based on the cost of the unit. The cost of each unit is depreciated on a straightline basis over 36 months. Each unit has its own cost of production, which varies from time to time. We believe that the cost of each unit is a function of manufacturing efficiencies, supply costs and fixed overhead expense as affected by volume of units produced, which change from time to time. When cost of production is lower, the new units have a lower monthly depreciation and decrease the average depreciation per unit per month, which means our cost of revenue is lower. Similarly, if cost of production is higher, the new units will have a higher monthly depreciation and increase the average depreciation per unit per month, which means our cost of revenue is higher. We believe growth in the number of monthly depreciation charges is predominately due to our sales and marketing efforts, which add new customers to an established customer base. The retirement of units from active leasing is primarily a function of the aggregate number of FloChec® units rented and the occurrence from time to time of system upgrades. The other costs of revenue vary primarily as a function of the aggregate number of FloChec® units rented and changes in operations such as manufacturing, delivery or maintenance.
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Engineering and product development expense
Our engineering and product development expense consists of costs associated with the design, development, testing and enhancement of our FloChec® product and other products in development. We also include salaries and related employee benefits, research-related overhead expenses and fees paid to external service providers in our engineering and product development expense.
Sales and marketing expense
Our sales and marketing expense consists primarily of sales commissions and support costs, salaries and related employee benefits, travel, education, trade show and marketing costs.
General and administrative expense
Our general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and related employee benefits, professional service fees, associated travel costs and depreciation and amortization expense.
Total other income (expense)
Our total other income (expense) primarily reflects other taxes and fees as well as interest income and expense.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures in the financial statements. Critical accounting policies are those accounting policies that may be material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change, and that have a material impact on financial condition or operating performance. While we base our estimates and judgments on our experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements require significant judgments and estimates. For additional information relating to these and other accounting policies, see Note 3 to our audited financial statements, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for renting our FloChec® product to customers or for providing service on a per test basis to customers, as earned, on a month-to-month basis. FloChec® rent or per test charges are billed at our established rates.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the estimated grant date fair value of each option grant, or stock award over the estimated period of service and vesting. This estimation of the fair value of each stock-based grant or issuance on the date of grant involves numerous assumptions by management. Although we calculate the fair value under the Black Scholes option pricing model, which is a standard option pricing model, this model still requires the use of numerous assumptions, including, among others, the expected life (turnover), volatility of the underlying equity security, a risk free interest rate and expected dividends. The model and assumptions also attempt to account for changing employee behavior as the stock price changes and capture the observed pattern of increasing rates of exercise as the stock price increases. The use of different values by management in connection with these assumptions in the Black Scholes option pricing model could produce substantially different results.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes result primarily from temporary differences between financial and tax reporting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. Future tax benefits are subject to a
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valuation allowance when management is unable to conclude that our deferred tax assets will more-likely-than-not be realized from the results of operations. Our estimate for the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets requires management to make significant estimates and judgments about projected future operating results. If actual results differ from these projections or if management’s expectations of future results change, it may be necessary to adjust the valuation allowance.
Emerging Growth Company Elections
The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company, such as our company, can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of these accounting standards until they would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to other public companies that comply with public company effective dates. In the future, we may elect to opt out of the extended period for adopting new accounting standards. If we do so, we would need to disclose such decision and it would be irrevocable.
Factors Affecting Future Results
We have not identified any factors that have a recurring effect that are necessary to understand period to period comparisons as appropriate, nor any one-time events that have an effect on the financials. Also, given our relatively limited operating history, we have not yet identified any seasonality.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
Three months ended March 31,
2015
2014
(unaudited)
Revenue
$ 1,202 $ 837
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue
220 155
Engineering and product development
309 229
Sales and marketing
1,228 746
General and administrative
793 497
Total operating expenses
2,550 1,627
Loss from operations
(1,348) (790)
Other expense:
Interest expense
(24) (26)
Other income
(1)
Other expense
(24) (27)
Net loss
$ (1,372) $ (817)
Revenue
We had revenue of  $1,202,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, an increase of  $365,000, or 44%, compared to $837,000 in the same period in 2014. Our revenue is primarily generated from leasing of our FloChec® systems, although we recently launched our WellChec™ platform, and this also accounted for some of our revenues in the first quarter. We recognize rental revenue monthly for each unit installed with a customer. The average amount recognized each month per unit of product in the field is affected by the mix of units rented by direct customers or distributors, by price changes and by discounts. The primary reason for the increase in revenue was that the total number of installed units in the field generating monthly revenue grew 33%, partially offset by the average amount of revenue recognized per unit which decreased
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slightly as compared to 2014. We believe that growth in the number of monthly invoices is predominately due to our sales and marketing efforts, which add new customers to an established customer base. Change in the average amount of revenue recognized per unit was due to changes in the mix of customers renting units. We recognized $96,000 of revenue from providing testing services through our WellChec™ platform during the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Operating expenses
We had total operating expenses of  $2,550,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, an increase of  $923,000, or 57%, compared to $1,627,000 in the same period in 2014. The primary reasons for the increase were increased general and administrative expense, sales and marketing expense, engineering and product development expense, and cost of revenue. The changes in the various components of our operating expenses are described below.
Cost of revenue
We had cost of revenue of  $220,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, an increase of $65,000, or 42%, from $155,000 for the same period in 2014. The primary reason for the increase was $37,000 of additional cost associated with employees who oversee manufacturing operations. A portion of the increase is also due to the fact that aggregate depreciation of our FloChec® systems for lease increased $10,000, or 21%, in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 as there was a 34% increase in the number of monthly depreciation charges corresponding to the 37% increase in the number of installed units in the field generating monthly revenue, partially offset by a decrease in average depreciation per unit per month of 9%. Other cost of revenue items, such as freight and other miscellaneous items, which are not associated with FloChec® system production, were $9,000 higher and cost of units that were retired were $9,000 higher in the first quarter of 2015 compared to the same period in 2014.
Engineering and product development expense
We had engineering and product development expense of  $309,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, an increase of  $80,000, or 35%, compared to $229,000 in the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to increased salary expense of  $162,000, and increased clinical study expense of $50,000, which were partially offset by lower consulting costs for new product development of  $132,000.
Sales and marketing expense
We had sales and marketing expense of  $1,228,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, an increase of  $482,000, or 65%, compared to $746,000 in the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to higher salary expense of  $443,000 associated with having an expanded sales team as compared to the prior period, higher other expenses of  $50,000, higher travel expense of  $34,000, higher facility expense of $31,000, higher stock compensation expense of  $15,000, and higher trade show expense of  $9,000, partially offset by lower sales commissions of  $100,000, as compared to the same period in 2014.
General and administrative expense
We had general and administrative expense of  $793,000 for the three months ended March 31 2015, an increase of  $296,000, or 60%, compared to $497,000 in the same period in 2014. The increase was primarily due to higher salaries and fees for employees, directors, and consultants of  $168,000, higher medical device excise tax, state and local tax, audit and tax preparation expense of  $63,000, higher insurance premiums of $44,000, added costs associated with being a publicly traded company of  $27,000, higher stock compensation expense of  $15,000 and higher other expenses of  $3,000, which increases were partially offset by lower patent and legal expenses of  $24,000.
Other expense
We had other expense of  $24,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, a decrease of  $3,000, or 11%, compared to $27,000 in the same period in 2014. The decrease was due to lower interest expense of $2,000, which, as described in Note 6 to the financial statements included elsewhere in this report, resulted from early retirement of leases and the associated retirement of deferred financing costs.
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Net loss
For the foregoing reasons, we had a net loss of  $1,372,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, an increase of  $555,000, or 68%, compared to a net loss of  $817,000 for the same period in 2014.
Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2013
For the year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Revenue
$ 3,635 $ 2,274
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue
692 469
Engineering and product development
1,113 356
Sales and marketing
3,723 2,256
General and administrative
2,448 1,317
Total operating expenses
7,976 4,398
Loss from operations
(4,341) (2,124)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense
(175) (108)
Other income (expense)
1 (1)
Other expense
(174) (109)
Net loss
$ (4,515) $ (2,233)
Revenue
We had revenue of  $3,635,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of  $1,361,000, or 59.9%, compared to $2,274,000 in 2013. Our revenue is primarily generated from leasing of our FloChec® systems. We recognize rental revenue monthly for each unit installed with a customer. The average amount recognized each month per unit of product in the field is affected by the mix of units rented by direct customers or distributors, by price changes and by discounts. The primary reason for the increase in revenue was that the total number of installed units in the field generating monthly revenue grew 57.6%, and the average amount of revenue recognized per unit grew 1.4% compared to 2013. We believe that growth in the number of monthly invoices is predominately due to our sales and marketing efforts, which add new customers to an established customer base. Growth in the average amount of revenue recognized per unit was due to changes in the mix of customers renting units.
Operating expenses
We had total operating expenses of  $7,976,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $3,578,000, or 81.4%, compared to $4,398,000 in 2013. The primary reason for the increase were increased general and administrative expense, sales and marketing expense, engineering and product development expense, and cost of revenue. The changes in the various components of our operating expenses are described below.
Cost of revenue
We had cost of revenue of  $692,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of  $223,000, or 47.5%, from $469,000 for 2013. The primary reason for the increase was $253,000 of additional cost in 2014 associated with employees who oversee manufacturing operations, which persons were not employed or employed for a short period in the prior year. A portion of the increase is also due to the fact that aggregate depreciation of our FloChec® systems for lease increased $65,000, or 49.8%, in 2014 compared to 2013 as there was a 57.6% increase in the number of monthly depreciation charges corresponding to the 57.6% increase in number of installed units in the field generating monthly revenue, partially offset by a decrease in
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average depreciation per unit per month of 5.0%. These increases were partially offset by other cost of revenue items, such as freight and other miscellaneous items, which were $24,000 lower, and cost of units that were retired, which were $70,000 lower, in 2014 compared to 2013.
Engineering and product development expense
We had engineering and product development expense of  $1,113,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of  $757,000, or 212.6%, compared to $356,000 in 2013. The increase was primarily due to higher consulting costs for new product development of  $647,000, higher salaries of  $136,000 and other expenses of  $3,000, partially offset by lower costs of  $25,000 for clinical studies
Sales and marketing expense
We had sales and marketing expense of  $3,723,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of  $1,467,000, or 65.0%, compared to $2,256,000 in 2013. The increase was primarily due to higher salary expense of  $1,308,000 associated with having an expanded sales team as compared to the prior period, higher travel expenses of  $203,000, and higher sales commissions of  $31,000, partially offset by $17,000 in lower stock compensation expense, $60,000 in lower trade show and other expenses. During the year, we primarily focused sales activity on insurance plans with Medicare Advantage members. Accordingly, we incurred costs associated with establishing these relationships prior to generating any product revenue.
General and administrative expense
We had general and administrative expense of  $2,448,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of  $1,131,000, or 85.9%, compared to $1,317,000 in the same period in 2013. The increase was primarily due to added costs associated with being a publicly traded company of  $299,000; higher salaries and fees for employees, directors, and consultants of  $296,000; higher patent and legal expenses of $138,000; medical device excise tax, state and local tax, audit and tax preparation expenses of  $120,000; higher insurance premiums of  $117,000; higher stock compensation expense of  $67,000; an increase in uncollectible accounts of  $38,000; higher travel costs of  $23,000; and higher merchant fees and other expenses of  $31,000.
Other expense
We had other expense of  $174,000 for 2014, an increase of  $65,000, or 59.6%, compared to $109,000 in 2013. The increase was primarily due to higher interest expense of  $66,000. As described in Note 6 to the audited financial statements, early retirement of leases associated with the opening of a new line of credit, resulted in acceleration of the expensing of deferred financing costs.
Net loss
For the foregoing reasons, we had a net loss of  $4,515,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of  $2,282,000, or 102.2%, compared to a net loss of  $2,233,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We had cash and restricted cash of  $5,161,000 at March 31, 2015 compared to $6,256,000 at December 31, 2014, and total current liabilities of  $3,808,000 at March 31, 2015 compared to $4,064,000 at December 31, 2014. As of March 31, 2015 we had working capital of approximately $1,853,000. Restricted cash of  $2,100,000 at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is deposited in a cash collateral account to secure our revolving credit line, see “— Description of Indebtedness” below. On February 26, 2014, we closed the initial public offering of our common stock, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate 1,430,000 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of  $7.00 per share, and received gross proceeds of approximately $10,010,000 before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. During the quarter ended March 31, 2015, we sold an aggregate 117,500 shares of our common stock to Mr. William H.C. Chang, an accredited investor and significant stockholder, pursuant to separate stock purchase
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agreements for an aggregate cash purchase price of  $498,600. Subsequent to the close of the quarter, we issued and sold an aggregate of 143,000 shares of our common stock to an accredited investor, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement for an aggregate cash purchase price of  $500,500.
We have incurred recurring losses since inception and expect to continue to incur losses as a result of costs and expenses related to our marketing and other promotional activities, research and continued development of our FloChec® product. Our principal sources of cash have included the issuance of equity, primarily our February 2014 initial public offering of common stock, as well as other private placements of our shares, and to a lesser extent, borrowings under loan agreements. We expect that as our revenues grow, our operating expenses will continue to grow and, as a result, we will need to generate significant additional net revenues to achieve profitability. Based on our currently available cash, we do not have adequate cash on hand to cover our anticipated expenses for the next 12 months. For this reason, our independent registered public accountants’ report for the year ended December 31, 2014 included an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a “going concern.” This doubt continues to exist.
Although we do not have any current capital commitments, we expect that we will increase our expenditures to continue our efforts to grow our business and commercialize products and services. Accordingly, we currently expect to make additional expenditures in both sales and marketing, and invest in our corporate infrastructure. We also expect to invest in our research and development efforts. We do not have any definitive plans as to the exact amounts or particular uses at this time, and the exact amounts and timing of any expenditure may vary significantly from our current intentions. However, in order to execute on our business plan, and given our current available cash, we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available when needed or that management will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms or whether or not we will generate sufficient revenues to become profitable and have positive operating cash flow. If we are unable to raise sufficient additional funds when necessary, we may need to curtail making additional expenditures and could be required to scale back our business plans, or make other changes until sufficient additional capital is raised to support further operations. There can be no assurance that such a plan will be successful.
Operating activities
We used $1,503,000 of net cash in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Non-cash adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities plus changes in operating assets and liabilities used $131,000 of cash in the three months ended March 31, 2015. These non-cash adjustments primarily reflect cash provided by depreciation of  $59,000, allowance for doubtful accounts of $51,000, stock-based compensation expense of  $33,000, loss on disposal of assets for lease of  $25,000 and amortization of deferred financing costs of  $18,000 offset by cash used in operating activities primarily from accrued expenses of  $137,000, deferred revenue of  $119,000, trade accounts receivable of  $52,000, and prepaid expenses and other current assets of  $9,000.
For the same period in 2014, we used $1,026,000 of cash in operating activities. Non-cash adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities plus changes in operating assets and liabilities used $209,000 of cash in the three months ended March 31, 2014. These non-cash adjustments primarily reflect cash provided by allowance for doubtful accounts of  $50,000, depreciation of  $47,000, amortization of deferred financing costs of  $23,000, and loss on disposal of assets for lease of  $16,000. Cash provided by operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2014 were primarily from accrued expenses of  $58,000 and trade accounts receivable of  $21,000, offset by cash used in operating activities primarily due to prepaid expenses and other current assets of  $176,000, deferred revenue of $132,000, and trade accounts payable of  $116,000.
Investing activities
We used $90,000 of net cash in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily for purchases of assets for lease. We used $120,000 of net cash in investing activities for the same period in 2014, primarily for purchases of assets for lease.
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Financing activities
We generated $498,000 in net cash from financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2015 due to the sale of shares of our common stock. We generated $8,024,000 of net cash from financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2014, primarily from proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in our February 2014 initial public offering, which proceeds were partially offset by offering costs and payment of the current portion of our long-term liabilities.
Description of Indebtedness
On September 30, 2014 we entered into a revolving credit line with First Republic Bank. We may borrow up to $2,000,000 for a 12-month term at a variable annual interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime less a spread of 2.0% p.a. The initial interest rate is 1.25% p.a. We agreed to make monthly payments consisting of  $2,000 of interest, and an annual payment consisting of  $2,000,000 principal plus any accrued by unpaid interest. The line of credit agreement provides for customary events of default and is secured by a collateral cash account at First Republic. As of March 31, 2015, we had borrowed $2,000,000 under the revolving line of credit.
See Note 6 to our audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus for description of our outstanding indebtedness.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of each of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Commitments and Contingencies
As of each of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, other than employment/consulting agreements with key executive officers and our facilities lease obligation, we had no material commitments other than the liabilities reflected in our financial statements.
JOBS Act
In April 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period, and, as a result, we will not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies.
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BUSINESS
Overview
We are an emerging medical risk-assessment company. Our mission is to develop, manufacture and market patented products that assist healthcare providers in monitoring patients and evaluating chronic diseases. Our first patented and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA cleared product, is FloChec®. FloChec® is used in the office setting to allow providers to measure arterial blood flow in the extremities and is a useful tool for internists and primary care physicians for whom it was previously impractical to conduct blood flow measurements. Our product initially received FDA 510(k) clearance in February 2010, we began Beta testing it in the third quarter of 2010, and began commercially leasing it in January 2011. In March 2015 we received FDA 510(k) clearance for the next generation version. In March 2015 we also launched our multi-test platform, WellChec™, to perform risk assessments for our customers. We believe the combination of our proprietary risk assessment product, FloChec®, and our multi-test service platform, WellChec™, position us to provide valuable health risk assessment tools to our insurance company and physician customers, which in turn permit them to guide patient care and close the gap between the cost of patient care and compensation for providing that care.
Our Product
We currently have only one patented and FDA-cleared product, FloChec®, that we market and license to our customers. FloChec® is a four-minute in-office blood flow test. Healthcare providers can use blood flow measurements as part of their examinations of a patient’s vascular condition, including assessments of patients who have vascular disease. The following diagram illustrates the use of FloChec®:
[MISSING IMAGE: t1501090_flochec.jpg]
FloChec® features a sensor clamp that is placed on the toe or finger much like current pulse oximetry devices. Infrared light emitted from the clamp on the dorsal surface of the digit is scattered and reflected by the red blood cells coursing through the area of illumination. Returning light is ‘sensed’ by the sensor. A blood flow waveform is instantaneously constructed by our proprietary software algorithm and displayed on the video monitor. Both index fingers and both large toes are interrogated, which takes about 30 seconds for each. A hardcopy report form is generated that displays four waveforms and the ratio of each leg measurement compared with the arms. Results are classified as Flow Obstruction or No Flow Obstruction.
We have developed a license model rather than an outright sales model for FloChec®. Our license model pricing is based on data collected on use rates of FloChec® and third-party payment rates to physicians and facilities using our product. The pricing model eliminates the need to make a capital equipment sale. Consequently, we currently require no down payment, long-term commitment or maintenance contract or fees from our customers. We replace damaged products free of charge in the license model. FloChec® has an expected average lifetime of at least three years. We intend to reevaluate the monthly price periodically in consideration of the revenue generation associated with FloChec®. To date, we roughly estimate that routine office usage of FloChec® has ranged from a few tests per week up to 10
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tests per day. We are currently pilot testing a model in which we invoice on a per test basis for use of FloChec®, and recently launched our WellChec™ multi-test platform, where we or our sub-contractor may perform other non-proprietary tests alongside FloChec®.
Our Chairman and co-founder, Dr. Herbert Semler, is an inventor of the technology behind FloChec®. Dr. Semler formed our company in 2007 to further develop, patent and commercialize his idea. We applied for our patent protecting our proprietary technology in 2007 and U.S. Patent No. 7,628,760 was granted in 2009. FloChec® initially received FDA 510(k) clearance in February 2010, and we began Beta testing it in the third quarter of 2010, and began commercially leasing FloChec® in January 2011. In March 2015, we received FDA 510(k) clearance of the next generation version. We have placed our FloChec® product with cardiologists, internists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, podiatrists and family practitioners and four insurance plans among the top 15 plans with the most Medicare Advantage members. Many of the 50 years or older patients under the care of these physicians have cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, cigarette smoking, high cholesterol or hypertension that lead to the development of peripheral arterial disease, or PAD.
Other Methods
Blood flow is the amount of blood delivered to a given region per unit time, whereas blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of arteries. Given a fixed resistance, blood flow and blood pressure are proportional. The traditional ankle brachial index, or ABI, with Doppler test uses a blood pressure cuff to measure the systolic blood pressure in the lower legs and in the arms. A blood pressure cuff is inflated proximal to the artery in question. Using a Doppler device, the inflation continues until the pulse in the artery ceases. The blood pressure cuff is then slowly deflated. When the artery’s pulse is re-detected through the Doppler probe the pressure in the cuff at that moment indicates the systolic pressure of that artery. The test is repeated on all four extremities. Well-established criteria for the ratio of the blood pressure in a leg compared to the blood pressure in the arms are used to assess the presence or absence of flow obstruction. Generally these tests take 15 minutes to perform and require a vascular technician to be done properly. Like FloChec®, the traditional analog ABI test with Doppler is a non-invasive physiologic measurement that may be abnormal in the presence of PAD. Alternatively, primary care physicians may palpate the pedal pulses to assess blood flow in the lower extremities. However, pulse palpation is generally not sensitive for the detection of vascular disease. Other options to detect arterial obstructions are imaging systems that use ultrasound, x-ray technology or magnetic resonance to obtain anatomic information about blood vessels in the legs. However, as compared to FloChec®, imaging tests are much more expensive tests that are performed by specialists in special laboratories or offices.
Market Opportunity
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Health Care Reform Law, was signed in March 2010. This sweeping law is intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. This legislation includes reforms and reductions that have affected Medicare reimbursements and health insurance coverage for certain services and treatments. The Health Care Reform Law has brought a new way of doing business for providers and health insurance plans. We believe that fee-for-service programs will be reduced in favor of capitated programs that pay a monthly fee per patient.
Fee-for-service is a payment model where services are unbundled and paid for separately. In health care, it gives an incentive for physicians to provide more treatments because payment is dependent on the quantity of care, rather than quality of care. Capitation is a payment arrangement that pays a physician or group of physicians a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or not that person seeks care. The amount of remuneration is based on the average expected healthcare utilization of that patient, with greater payment for patients with significant medical history. For Medicare Advantage patients, CMS pays a fee per patient, also known as capitation. CMS uses risk adjustment to adjust capitation payments to health plans, either higher or lower, to account for the differences in expected health costs of individuals. Accordingly, under CMS guidelines, risk factor adjustments per patient will provide payment that is higher for sicker patients who have conditions that are codified. Accordingly, there
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is a financial incentive to identify those Medicare Advantage patients that are sicker, including those that have undiagnosed ailments such as PAD.
The coding system used by CMS for the Medicare Advantage program is a hierarchical condition category, or HCC, diagnostic classification system that begins by classifying over 14,000 diagnosis codes into 805 diagnostic groups, or DXGs. Each code maps to exactly one DXG, which represents a well-specified medical condition, such as DXG 96.01 precerebral or cerebral arterial occlusion with infarction. DXGs are further aggregated into 189 condition categories, or CCs. CCs describe a broader set of similar diseases. Diseases within a CC are related clinically and with respect to cost. An example is CC96 Ischemic or Unspecified Stroke, which includes DXGs 96.01 and 96.02 acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular disease. We believe that quality of care measured by completeness and wellness will induce higher payments per patient. These changes are already in place for the approximately 16 million participants in the Medicare Advantage program and are expected to expand to more types of insured patients as healthcare reform is deployed.
Undiagnosed vascular disease of the legs has been called a major under-diagnosed health problem in the United States by the National Institute of Health and the Wall Street Journal. We believe vascular disease in leg arteries is undiagnosed in 75% of cases, which is about 12 million Americans. Known as peripheral artery disease, or PAD, this condition is a common and deadly cardiovascular disease that is often undiagnosed. PAD develops when the arteries in the legs become clogged with plaque — fatty deposits — that limit blood flow to the legs. As with clogged arteries in the heart, clogged arteries in the legs place patients at an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Published studies have shown that persons with PAD are four times more likely to die of heart attack, and two-three times more likely to die of stroke. According to a study by P.G. Steg published in the JAMA, patients with PAD have a 21% event rate of cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke or cardiovascular hospitalization within 12 months. The SAGE Group has estimated that as many as 18 million people are affected with PAD in the United States alone and A.T. Hirsch et al. in a JAMA published article further estimate that only 11% have claudication (pain on exertion), a classic symptom of PAD. One can lower the risks associated with PAD if the disease is detected, with early detection providing the greatest benefit.
Many people affected with PAD do not have noticeable symptoms. When symptoms of PAD are present, they often include fatigue, heaviness, cramping or pain in the legs during activity, leg or foot pain, sores, wounds or ulcers on the toes, feet, or legs, which are slow to heal. Persons with PAD may become disabled and not be able to work, and can even lead to amputations. According to the SAGE Group, there are approximately 160,000 amputations due to PAD per year and, according to the National Limb Loss Information Center, an estimated 2 million Americans are amputees.
Risk factors for developing PAD include:

Age (over 50 years)

Race (African-American)

History of smoking

Diabetes

High blood pressure

High blood cholesterol

Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack, or stroke.
We believe medical personnel who care for those older than 50 years are the target market for FloChec®, along with those insurance plans that have a high number of Medicare Advantage patients. Based on U.S. Census data, we believe there are more than 80 million older Americans who could be evaluated for the presence of PAD.
According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, there are over 200,000 internists, family practitioners and gerontologists in the United States. In addition, based on American Heart Association data, there are over 20,000 cardiologists and 7,500 vascular and cardiovascular surgeons. Also, there are
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millions of diabetic patients seen routinely by endocrinologists. Many podiatrists who see patients with these problems and orthopedic surgeons may see value in screening patients for circulation issues prior to leg procedures. Neurologists may need a tool to differentiate leg pain from vascular versus neurologic etiology. Nephrologists see patients with kidney disease, who have a higher frequency of PAD. Wound care centers need to know the adequacy of limb perfusion. We expect that each physician will have many patient visits annually from people older than 50 years. While, it is standard practice to ask about symptoms of PAD and to feel for diminished pulses on physical exam, we believe that it is often the case in busy practices, that the questions go unasked.
In addition, the physical exam of the extremities is generally cursory in the absence of a patient complaint. Given the ease of use and speed of FloChec®, we believe that many doctors will incorporate its use in their practice as a routine annual test to measure blood flow in an extremity. It is our intent that FloChec® be incorporated as a tool in the routine physical exam of adult patients by primary care providers in a similar fashion to the use of a thermometer or stethoscope. Providers do not request payment for using a stethoscope during the physical examination. Similarly, we do not expect (or intend) for providers that use our FloChec® to seek such a reimbursement approval. FloChec® is not specifically approved under a third-party payor code and we do not track customer requests for reimbursements. Accordingly, our customers may or may not be successful in receiving reimbursement if sought.
Strategy
Our mission is to develop, manufacture and market patented products and solutions that assist healthcare providers in monitoring patients and evaluating chronic diseases. We intend to do this by:

Capitalizing on opportunities provided by capitated payment programs.   For many capitated programs, payment is higher for sicker patients who have conditions that are codified. We believe a provider would prefer to have more remuneration for taking care of a patient. A provider expects to spend less time caring for a healthy patient than for a sicker patient. If payment per month was the same for both types of patients, there could be a disincentive for the provider to care for more unhealthy persons. Accordingly, CMS anticipated this situation and pays more per month for “sicker” patients who have chronic conditions that are identified on the medical record through use of an established coding system. This creates a business opportunity in finding low-cost, effective means to identify the conditions, which have been established in coding systems for risk adjustment of payments (higher payments paid to providers and healthcare plans to compensate them for caring for sicker or more risky patients). The more common and more dangerous a condition is, the greater the opportunity for profit. The goal is to provide cost-effective wellness.

Targeting customers with patients at risk of developing PAD.   Healthcare providers use blood flow measurements as part of their assessment of a patient’s vascular condition. Our strategy is to keep marketing FloChec® on a license-based model to insurance plans and medical personnel who care for those older than 50, including cardiologists, internists, nephrologists, endocrinologist, podiatrists, and family practitioners. Specifically, we believe there are more than 250,000 physicians and other potential customers in the United States alone, many of whom care for patients will be more than 50 years old and at increased risk of developing PAD. Based on U.S. Census data, the evaluable patient population for FloChec® is estimated to be more than 80 million patients in the United States annually.

Expanding the tools available to internists and non-peripheral vascular experts.   Our intention is to provide a tool to internists and non-peripheral vascular experts, for whom it was previously impractical to conduct a blood flow measurement unless in a specialized vascular laboratory. For vascular specialists, FloChec® does not require the use of blood pressure cuffs (which should not be used on some breast cancer patients), and measures without blood pressure in obese patients and patients with non-compressible, hard, calcified arteries. Currently, these patients often are unable to be measured satisfactorily with traditional analog ABI devices.
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Developing additional product and service offerings that allow healthcare providers to deliver cost-effective wellness and receive increased compensation for their services.   We recently received FDA 510(k) clearance of the next generation of our product, FloChec®, reflecting several updates and modifications to the original model that were developed in conjunction with our consultant engineering groups. We are also exploring potential new product and service offerings. These product and service offerings are being designed to provide cost-effective wellness solutions for our growing, established customer base. The new products and service offerings under development or that may be developed may incorporate some of our current technology or new technology. The goal is to achieve a reputation for outstanding service and sell new cost-effective wellness solutions to leverage our gains in the marketplace for such product offerings.
Sales and Marketing
We provide our FloChec® product and WellChec™ services to our customers through our salespersons and we also provide FloChec® through our co-exclusive distributor, Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., or Bard, a large medical device company with a worldwide presence in both interventional cardiology and dialysis. We began a co-exclusive supply and distribution arrangement with Bard in late 2012 in an effort to increase our sales and marketing reach, which arrangement accounted for less than 20% of our revenues in each of 2013 and 2014. With certain exceptions, we appointed Bard on a co-exclusive basis to license FloChec® to certain customers, and we retained the right to license directly to such customers as well. In addition to our co-exclusive distributor, we have direct sales and marketing representatives, who have experience selling products to our anticipated market.
We generally make available to our sales team (including our distributor) an inventory of FloChec® products consistent with their needs. Our product is then directly delivered to our customer and in-service training to the customer is provided either on-line or in person. Because FloChec® is relatively easy to use training can generally be accomplished in less than one day.
Customers who have licensed our FloChec® product may pay by credit card or check on the 15th of each month as an advance for usage during the next 30 days. In some cases, customers prefer an annual license paid in advance. We provide technical support daily, coupled directly to the manufacturing operation so that replacement products, if needed, can be shipped overnight directly to the customer. The majority of the support is over the telephone and focuses on software and connectivity issues, rather than hardware. We plan to upgrade FloChec® operating systems as appropriate by direct shipments. In the future, we plan to ship directly to customers and handle the installation and training remotely if appropriate.
In addition to the license model, which we have done historically, we have recently begun exploring other options to generate revenue from our FloChec® product. We are currently pilot testing a fee-per-test model, in which we invoice on a per test basis for use of FloChec®. In March 2015 we also launched our multi-test platform, WellChec™, to perform risk assessments for our customers. In this service model, we work with our customer to determine the location, the risk assessment test to be performed, and the customer tells us who should be tested. We then set up at the location, schedule the patients for screening, and arrange for these tests to be performed and send the results. The testing is performed by us or our sub-contractors, and can include other non-proprietary tests alongside FloChec® testing, such as heart, lung, eye and/or neuropathy tests. We then invoice on a per test basis under the WellChec™ model.
Manufacturing
We manufacture our product, FloChec® through an independent contractor. We entered into our service and supply agreement with the contract manufacturer in April 2011 and pay our manufacturer for finished goods. The contract provides for subassemblies, product final assembly, test, serialization, finished goods, inventory and shipping operations. Our current contract will remain in force until terminated by us upon three months written notice, or until terminated by either party for cause. Although we believe we have a good working relationship with our current contract manufacturer, there are many such qualified contract manufacturers available around the country should we need to replace them or if they are not able to meet demand as we grow our business as anticipated. We believe FloChec® is relatively easy to manufacture. We employ a consultant vendor qualification expert to monitor and test the quality controls and quality assurance procedures of our contract manufacturer.
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Competition
The principal competitor for FloChec® is the standard blood pressure cuff ankle-brachial index, or ABI, device. FloChec® does not include a blood pressure cuff. We are not aware of another product that performs such testing without the use of a blood pressure cuff. There are several companies that manufacture the traditional ABI device, which range in price from $2,500 to $20,000. Some of these companies are much larger than us and have more financial resources and their own distributor network. The traditional ABI devices are differentiated by the degree of automation designed into each product. ABI devices that rely more heavily on operator assessment (i.e., listening to the return of pulse while decreasing cuff pressure), are thought to have less objectivity in their measurement. We know of no direct ‘non-pressure cuff ABI competitor to FloChec®. Because standard ABI devices require a better trained operator, the products are usually sold to specialized vascular labs that are supervised by a vascular surgeon, with the tests performed by a licensed vascular technician. It is not uncommon for such ABI devices to be marketed to the offices of internists, podiatrists, endocrinologists or most cardiologists.
Our intention is to provide a tool to internists and non-peripheral vascular experts, for whom it was previously impractical to conduct a blood flow measurement unless in a specialized vascular laboratory. For vascular specialists, FloChec® does not require the use of blood pressure cuffs (which should not be used on some breast cancer patients), and measures without blood pressure in obese patients and patients with non-compressible, hard, calcified arteries. Currently, these patients often are unable to be measured with traditional analog ABI devices.
We also expect to face competition for our recently launched WellChec™ platform from other risk assessment service providers. Other than the proprietary FloChec® test, the other components of the WellChec™ service are basic tests performed with commercially available equipment by medical personnel. Any physician, hospital or like medical services provider can perform these tests, if it were convenient for them to do so.
Research and Development Program
We have dedicated, engineering consultants that are well integrated into our overall business, ranging from customer requirements to technical support. The engineering group uses our in-house quality system as its framework for new product development and release. The majority of the engineering is circuit design and software development, as FloChec® is PC-based. We recently received 510(k) clearance of our next generation product and we are currently developing several updates and modifications. We also recently launched our WellChec™ multi-test platform. We intend to continue to develop updates and modifications to FloChec® in conjunction with our consultant engineering groups, as well as exploring potential new product and service offerings. These product and service offerings are being designed to provide cost-effective wellness solutions for our growing, established customer base. The new products and service offerings under development or that may be developed may incorporate some of our current technology or new technology. We are also directing much of our activity to building our patent portfolio and protecting proprietary positions.
We have sponsored three studies of FloChec®. One of these studies, the results of which were compiled in 2012 and published in a peer reviewed journal in 2013, sought to determine the frequency of finding undiscovered vascular disease in primary care practices using FloChec®. In the study of 632 patients at 19 office practices, the frequency of flow obstruction was 12% and of these patients, 75% did not have classic symptoms of PAD. Among other limitations of the study, the publication mentions the study’s retrospective design, no direct comparison to other vascular tests, and passive data collection such that 8% of patients had one or more missing data fields.
Another study we sponsored was designed to assess the side by side performance of FloChec® compared with traditional analog ABI with Doppler measurements in medical practices. In the study of 181 limbs from 121 patients at 5 medical practices during 2012 and 2013, three techniques were used on all limbs: FloChec®, traditional analog ABI with Doppler, and Duplex ultrasound imaging. Traditional analog ABI with Doppler was unable to perform a conclusive study in 8.7% of limbs. In the remaining limbs, the FloChec® measurement and the ABI with Doppler measurements were in agreement, or in other words concordant, in 78% of limbs. Among the discordant limbs, Duplex imaging judged that the true positive
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rate of FloChec® was significantly higher than that of ABI with Doppler by a 2 to 1 margin. The results of the study have not been submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal and are available as a white paper that may be shown to potential customers or other interested parties. Among other limitations of the study, the study had a small sample size, was conducted at specialty practices not primary care practices, had a retrospective design with incomplete collection of demographic information and clinical characteristics of the population, was not peer reviewed and was sponsored by us.
The third study also was designed to assess the side by side performance of FloChec® compared with traditional analog ABI with Doppler measurements in medical practices. In this prospective study at 5 medical practices during 2013, 215 limbs from 108 patients were examined with three techniques: FloChec®, traditional analog ABI with Doppler, and Duplex ultrasound imaging as a gold standard. Results demonstrated that FloChec® demonstrated greater sensitivity, similar accuracy and less specificity than ABI with Doppler measurements. The results of the study have been submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal. Among limitations of the study are that it had a small sample size, was conducted at specialty practices not primary care practices, and was sponsored by us.
Patents and Licenses
We have been issued one patent for our apparatus, U.S. Patent No. 7,628,760, which expires December 11, 2027. Three other U.S. patent applications are pending. Other patents are in process.
Governmental Regulation
We initially received FDA 510(k) clearance in February 2010 of FloChec® as a Class II Medical Device. Advanced Vascular Technologies, an entity formerly affiliated with our founder and Chairman, Dr. Semler, applied for and obtained that 510(k) clearance. However, any interests it may have had in such 510(k) clearance were subsequently assigned to us and it did not manufacture any products for our company. The Class II Medical Device designation means that FloChec® is a commercial device and is currently being sold in the United States. In March 2015, the FDA provided 510(k) clearance of the next generation version, reflecting several modifications and updates.
Class II devices are subject to the FDA’s general controls, and any other special controls as deemed necessary by the FDA to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device. Pre-market review and clearance by the FDA for Class II devices are generally accomplished through the 510(k) pre-market notification procedure. Pre-market notification submissions are subject to user fees, unless a specific exemption applies.
As our business is subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign regulations, we currently employ an established regulatory consultant specializing in medical devices to maintain our regulatory filings, monitor our on-going activities, and ensure compliance with all federal and state regulations.
Some of the pertinent laws have not been definitively interpreted by the regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of subjective interpretations. In addition, these laws and their interpretations are subject to change. Both federal and state governmental agencies continue to subject the healthcare industry to intense regulatory scrutiny, including heightened civil and criminal enforcement efforts. We believe that we have structured our business operations and relationships with our customers to comply with all applicable legal requirements. However, it is possible that governmental entities or other third parties could interpret these laws differently and assert otherwise. We discuss below the statutes and regulations that are most relevant to our business.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulation
FloChec® is a medical device subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory bodies. FDA regulations govern, among other things, the following activities that we or our partners perform and will continue to perform:

product design and development;

product testing;
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product manufacturing;

product safety;

post-market adverse event reporting;

post-market surveillance;

product labeling;

product storage;

record keeping;

pre-market clearance or approval;

post-market approval studies;

advertising and promotion; and

product sales and distribution.
FDA’s Pre-market Clearance and Approval Requirements
To commercially distribute in the United States, FloChec® or any future medical device we develop requires or will require either prior 510(k) clearance or prior approval of a premarket approval, or PMA, application from the FDA. The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes. Devices deemed to pose lower risk are placed in either class I or II, which requires the manufacturer to submit to the FDA a pre-market notification requesting permission for commercial distribution. This process is known as 510(k) clearance. Some low risk devices are exempt from this requirement. Devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, or devices deemed not substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device are placed in class III, requiring approval of a PMA application. Both pre-market clearance and PMA applications are subject to the payment of user fees, paid at the time of submission for FDA review. The FDA can also impose restrictions on the sale, distribution or use of devices at the time of their clearance or approval, or subsequent to marketing.
510(k) Clearance Pathway
To obtain 510(k) clearance, a medical device manufacturer must submit a pre-market notification demonstrating that the proposed device is substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device or a device that was in commercial distribution before May 28, 1976 for which the FDA has not yet called for the submission of PMA applications. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance pathway usually takes from three to 12 months from the date the application is completed, but it can take significantly longer and clearance is never assured. Although many 510(k) pre-market notifications are cleared without clinical data, in some cases, the FDA requires significant clinical data to support substantial equivalence. In reviewing a pre-market notification, the FDA may request additional information, including clinical data, which may significantly prolong the review process. After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or could require a PMA application. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make this determination initially, but the FDA can review any such decision and can disagree with a manufacturer’s determination. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturer’s determination regarding whether a new pre-market submission is required for the modification of an existing device, the FDA can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until 510(k) clearance or approval of a PMA application is obtained. If the FDA requires us to seek 510(k) clearance or approval of a PMA application for any modifications to FloChec® we may be required to cease marketing or recall the modified device until we obtain this clearance or approval. Also, in these circumstances, we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties for failure to submit the requisite PMA application(s). We have made and plan to continue to make minor additional product enhancements that we believe do not require new 510(k) clearances. In addition, the FDA is currently evaluating the 510(k)
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clearance process and may make substantial changes to industry requirements, including which devices are eligible for 510(k) clearance, the ability to rescind previously granted 510(k) clearance and additional requirements that may significantly impact the process.
Pre-market Approval Pathway
A PMA application must be submitted if the device cannot be cleared through the 510(k) clearance process and requires proof of the safety and effectiveness of the device to the FDA’s satisfaction. Accordingly, a PMA application must be supported by extensive data including, but not limited to, technical information regarding device design and development, preclinical and clinical trials, data and manufacturing and labeling to support the FDA’s determination that the device is safe and effective for its intended use. After a PMA application is complete, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the submitted information, which generally takes between one and three years, but may take significantly longer. During this review period, the FDA may request additional information or clarification of information already provided. Also during the review period, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device. In addition, the FDA will conduct a preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with Quality System Regulations, or QSRs, which impose elaborate design development, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures in the design and manufacturing process. The FDA may approve a PMA application with post-approval conditions intended to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device including, among other things, restrictions on labeling, promotion, sale and distribution and collection of long-term follow-up data from patients in the clinical study that supported approval. Failure to comply with the conditions of approval can result in materially adverse enforcement action, including the loss or withdrawal of the approval. New PMA applications or PMA application supplements are required for significant modifications to the manufacturing process, labeling and design of a device that is approved through the PMA process. PMA supplements often require submission of the same type of information as a PMA application, except that the supplement is limited to information needed to support any changes from the device covered by the original PMA application, and may not require as extensive clinical data or the convening of an advisory panel.
Pervasive and Continuing FDA Regulation
After a device is placed on the market, regardless of its classification or pre-market pathway, numerous regulatory requirements apply. These include, but are not limited to:

establishing registration and device listings with the FDA;

quality system regulation, which requires manufacturers to follow stringent design, testing, process control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures;

labeling regulations, which prohibit the promotion of products for uncleared or unapproved, i.e., “off-label,” uses and impose other restrictions on labeling;

medical device reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur;

corrections and removal reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, that may present a risk to health; and

requirements to conduct post-market surveillance studies to establish continued safety data.
The FDA enforces these requirements by inspection and market surveillance. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in enforcement action by the FDA, which may include any of the following sanctions:

untitled letters or warning letters;
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fines, injunctions and civil penalties;

recall or seizure of our products;

operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production;

refusing our request for 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval of new products;

withdrawing 510(k) clearance or pre-market approvals that are already granted; and

criminal prosecution.
We are subject to unannounced device inspections by the FDA and the California Food and Drug Branch. These inspections may include our suppliers’ facilities.
Sales and Marketing Commercial Compliance
Federal anti-kickback laws and regulations prohibit, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for, or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any good or service paid for under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Possible sanctions for violation of these anti-kickback laws include monetary fines, civil and criminal penalties, exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid programs and forfeiture of amounts collected in violation of such prohibitions.
In addition, federal false claims laws prohibit any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid. Off-label promotion has been pursued as a violation of the federal false claims laws. Pursuant to FDA regulations, we can only market our products for cleared or approved uses. Although surgeons are permitted to use medical devices for indications other than those cleared or approved by the FDA based on their medical judgment, we are prohibited from promoting products for such off-label uses. Additionally, the majority of states in which we market our products have similar anti-kickback, false claims, anti-fee splitting and self-referral laws, which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers, and violations may result in substantial civil and criminal penalties.
To enforce compliance with the federal laws, the U.S. Department of Justice, or DOJ, has increased its scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to an unprecedented level of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Dealing with investigations can be time-and resource-consuming. Additionally, if a healthcare company settles an investigation with the DOJ or other law enforcement agencies, such company may be required to agree to additional compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree or corporate integrity agreement.
The U.S. and foreign government regulators have increased regulation, enforcement, inspections and governmental investigations of the medical device industry, including increased U.S. government oversight and enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Whenever a governmental authority concludes that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, that authority can impose fines, delay or suspend regulatory clearances, institute proceedings to detain or seize our products, issue a recall, impose operating restrictions, enjoin future violations and assess civil penalties against us or our officers or employees and can recommend criminal prosecution. Moreover, governmental authorities can ban or request the recall, repair, replacement or refund of the cost of devices we distribute.
Additionally, the commercial compliance environment is continually evolving in the healthcare industry as some states, including California, Massachusetts and Vermont, mandate implementation of corporate compliance programs, along with the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensation and other remuneration to physicians. The Health Care Reform Law also imposed new reporting and disclosure requirements on device manufacturers for any “transfer of value” made or distributed to prescribers and other healthcare providers, effective March 30, 2013. Such information is now made publicly available in a searchable format and device manufacturers are now required to report and disclose any investment interests held by physicians and their family members during the preceding calendar year. Failure to submit required
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information may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of  $150,000 per year (and up to an aggregate of  $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), for all payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests not reported in an annual submission. The shifting compliance environment and the need to build and maintain robust and expandable systems to comply in multiple jurisdictions with different compliance and/or reporting requirements increases the possibility that a healthcare company may run afoul of one or more of the requirements.
Third-Party Coverage and Reimbursement
Although it is our intent that FloChec® be incorporated as a tool in the routine physical exam of adult patients by primary care providers in a similar fashion to the use of a thermometer or stethoscope (such that reimbursement is not sought), we cannot control whether or not providers who use FloChec® will seek third-party coverage for such procedures or reimbursement. If providers intend to seek third-party coverage or reimbursement for use of FloChec®, the success of our product could become dependent on the availability of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, such as governmental programs including Medicare and Medicaid, private insurance plans and managed care programs. Reimbursement is contingent on established coding for a given procedure, coverage of the codes by the third-party payors and adequate payment for the resources used.
Physician coding for procedures is established by the American Medical Association. CMS, the agency responsible for administering Medicare, and the National Center for Health Statistics, are jointly responsible for overseeing changes and modifications to billing codes used by hospitals for reporting inpatient procedures, and many private payors use coverage decisions and payment amounts determined by CMS for Medicare as guidelines in setting their coverage and reimbursement policies. All physician and hospital coding is subject to change, which could impact coverage and reimbursement and physician practice behavior. We do not track denial of requests for reimbursement made by the users of FloChec®. It is our belief that such denials have occurred and might occur in the future with more or less frequency. We are not in the business of performing FloChec® measurements or seeking reimbursement from third-party payors as our customers, should they choose to do so, are responsible for performing tests and seeking reimbursements.
Independent of the coding status, third-party payors may deny coverage based on their own criteria, such as if they believe that the clinical efficacy of a device or procedure is not well established and is deemed experimental or investigational, is not the most cost-effective treatment available, or is used for an unapproved indication. We will continue to provide the appropriate resources to patients, physicians, hospitals and insurers in order to promote the best in patient care and clarity regarding reimbursement and work to reverse any non-coverage policies. For some governmental programs, such as Medicaid, coverage and reimbursement differ from state to state, and some state Medicaid programs may not pay an adequate amount for the procedures performed with our products, if any payment is made at all. As the portion of the U.S. population over the age of 65 and eligible for Medicaid continues to grow, we may be more vulnerable to coverage and reimbursement limitations imposed by CMS. National and regional coverage policy decisions are subject to unforeseeable change and have the potential to impact physician behavior. For example, if CMS decreases the monthly payment for a 65 year old patient, then the provider will have to decide which steps to eliminate from his or her routine office visits in order to maintain a profitable business model. If the time of an office visit will need to be reduced to maintain a profitable business, a provider may decide to eliminate certain services or conducting certain procedures, such as deciding not to use a thermometer, take someone’s blood pressure or use a FloChec® to run an ABI test. Thus, reimbursement limitations imposed by CMS on providers may affect their decision making about which services to provide during an office visit, which could affect our company.
Particularly in the United States, third-party payors carefully review, have undertaken cost-containment initiatives, and increasingly challenge, the prices charged for procedures and medical products as well as any technology that they, in their own judgment, consider experimental or investigational. In addition, an increasing percentage of insured individuals are receiving their medical care through managed care programs, which monitor and often require pre-approval or pre-authorization of the services that a member will receive. Many managed care programs are paying their providers on a capitated basis, which puts the providers at financial risk for the services provided to their patients by paying them a predetermined amount per member per month. The percentage of individuals covered by managed care programs is expected to grow in the United States over the next decade.
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There can be no assurance that third-party coverage and reimbursement will be available or adequate, or that future legislation, regulation, or coverage and reimbursement policies of third-party payors will not adversely affect the demand for our products or our ability to sell these products on a profitable basis. The unavailability or inadequacy of third-party payor coverage or reimbursement could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Healthcare Fraud and Abuse
Healthcare fraud and abuse laws apply to our business when a customer submits a claim for an item or service that is reimbursed under Medicare, Medicaid or most other federally-funded healthcare programs. The federal Anti-Kickback Law prohibits unlawful inducements for the referral of business reimbursable under federally-funded healthcare programs, such as remuneration provided to physicians to induce them to use certain tissue products or medical devices reimbursable by Medicare or Medicaid. The Anti-Kickback Law is subject to evolving interpretations. For example, the government has enforced the Anti-Kickback Law to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham consultant arrangements with physicians or questionable joint venture arrangements. The majority of states also have anti-kickback laws, which establish similar prohibitions that may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers. Further, the recently enacted Health Care Reform Law, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the federal anti-kickback and criminal healthcare fraud statutes. A person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the Health Care Reform Law provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal anti-kickback statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the false claims statutes.
If a governmental authority were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we and our officers and employees could be subject to severe criminal and civil penalties including, for example, exclusion from participation as a supplier of product to beneficiaries covered by Medicare or Medicaid.
Additionally, the civil False Claims Act prohibits knowingly presenting or causing the presentation of a false, fictitious or fraudulent claim for payment to the U.S. government. Actions under the False Claims Act may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tam action by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the False Claims Act can result in very significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federal government is using the False Claims Act, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigations of healthcare providers and suppliers throughout the country for a wide variety of Medicare billing practices, and has obtained multi-million and multi-billion dollar settlements in addition to individual criminal convictions. Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, it is expected that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigating healthcare providers’ and suppliers’ compliance with the healthcare reimbursement rules and fraud and abuse laws.
Employees
As of March 31, 2015, we had 24 employees, all of whom were full time employees. None of our employees is represented by a labor union, and we consider our relationship with our employees to be good. These employees include three executive officers and 16 employees dedicated to sales and marketing of our product. We also regularly engage consultants and subcontractors on an as-needed basis.
Properties
Because we outsource our manufacturing to a “turn-key” manufacturer and have a geographically dispersed sales force and distributor arrangement, we have minimal needs for office space to conduct our day-to-day business operations. We currently use space for our corporate headquarters on a rent-free basis in a building located at 2330 NW Everett St., Portland, OR, that is owned by our Chairman and co-founder, Dr. Herbert Semler. We have also leased other facilities on an as-needed basis for our sales and marketing operations. For example, we lease a sales office in Menlo Park, CA as well as other smaller facilities in the Bay Area. See Note 7 to our audited financial statements, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus for a description of our Menlo Park, CA lease.
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Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any litigation the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.
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MANAGEMENT
Board of Directors and Executive Officers
The following are our directors and executive officers and their respective ages and positions as of April 30, 2015:
Name
Age
Position
Director Since
Term Expires
Herbert J. Semler, M.D.
86
Chairman of the Board
November 2007
2015
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D.
60
Chief Executive Officer and Director
September 2012
2015
Robert G. McRae
46
Chief Operating Officer N/A N/A
James M. Walker
66
Chief Financial Officer N/A N/A
Bruce J Barclay
58
Director May 2014 2015
Aidan M. Collins
52
Director July 2014 2015
Greg S. Garfield
52
Director
November 2013
2015
Arthur “Abbie” Leibowitz, M.D., F.A.A.P.
68
Director June 2014 2015
Wayne T. Pan, M.D., Ph.D.
51
Director May 2014 2015
Shirley L. Semler
79
Director
November 2007
2015
Directors and Executive Officers
Herbert J. Semler, M.D. — Dr. Herbert J. Semler co-founded Semler Scientific, Inc. in 2007 and has served as chairman of the board of directors since that time. Dr. Semler also served as our chief executive officer until October 31, 2012. Over his 45 years of medical practice, Dr. Semler has developed, manufactured, and marketed products for three cardiovascular companies. As a board certified cardiologist, Dr. Semler holds multiple patents and patent applications for cardiovascular products. He has experience with Holter monitoring, telemedicine, cardiac telemetry, pacemaker surveillance, cardiac event monitoring, including development of the “King of Hearts” device. Dr. Semler also invented a femoral vascular hemostatic device, which has been used on over fifteen million patients. Dr. Semler has had a distinguished career in medicine including the following accomplishments: he has served as Professor of Cardiology at Oregon Health Sciences University where he founded and funded The Dr. Herbert and Shirley Semler Cardiovascular Institute; he is a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, Society of Cardiac Interventions and Angiography, and the American Heart Association; and he has published over 90 articles in the field of cardiovascular medicine. Dr. Semler is also the chairman of the Shirley & Herbert Semler Foundation and until March 2008 was the chairman of Advanced Vascular Dynamics. Dr. Semler is currently the chief executive officer of Semler Health Perks, Inc., a private medical consumer software applications company founded by Dr. Semler in October 2012. Dr. Semler is the husband of our director and co-founder, Shirley L. Semler. Dr. Semler’s extensive experience in the fields of cardiology and medical device companies, and his experience and knowledge as a founder and executive of our company qualify him to be a director of our company.
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D. — Dr. Douglas Murphy-Chutorian has served as a member of our board of directors since September 2012 and as our chief executive officer since October 31, 2012. Dr. Murphy-Chutorian has had broad, diverse career experience in healthcare over the past 30 years, stretching from clinician, academician, inventor, entrepreneur, chief executive officer, chairman of the board, and consultant to financial firms. Since April 15, 2005, he has been managing director of Select Healthcare Capital, LLC. Dr. Murphy-Chutorian is a named inventor on more than 30 patents, and has guided more than 50 products through various regulatory approval processes. His business career has included extensive involvement in all facets of the medical industry from financial, research and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales, regulatory, reimbursement, and clinical trials. His breadth of healthcare experience includes all major sectors of the industry: medical devices, health services, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and managed care. He received his B.A. and M.D. from Columbia University. He completed his internal medicine residency at New York University/Bellevue Medical Center
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and his fellowship in cardiology at Stanford University Medical Center. He has served as a faculty member in interventional cardiology at both Stanford and Montefiore Medical Center. Dr. Murphy-Chutorian’s experience as a cardiologist, inventor and executive qualify him to be a director of our company.
Robert G. McRae — Mr. Robert G. McRae has served as our chief operating officer since November 2010. Mr. McRae is a seasoned executive experienced in the medical device industry, specifically in growing early stage companies. As chief operating officer, he has been responsible for all operational aspects of our company. From April 2010 until joining our company, Mr. McRae was the principal consultant of McRae Consulting. From March 2008 to April 2010, Mr. McRae was vice president, research and business development for Bacchus Vascular, Inc. He was part of the diligence, eventual acquisition, and subsequent integration of Bacchus Vascular into Covidien, Inc. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. McRae held several different positions with VNUS Medical, including heading manufacturing, research and development, and business development. Mr. McRae built the infrastructures and teams that supported VNUS’ growth from a start-up, through a successful initial public offering. Prior to VNUS, Mr. McRae worked at Stryker Endoscopy. Prior to his medical device experience, Mr. McRae held various positions in the U.S. Navy for a period of six years. Mr. McRae earned an M.B.A. from Santa Clara University and a B.S.M.E. from San Jose State University.
James M. Walker — Mr. James M. Walker has served as our chief financial officer and principal accounting officer since June 18, 2014 pursuant to a consulting agreement with The Brenner Group. Mr. Walker is a seasoned Silicon Valley executive with over 25 years of executive management experience in various technology fields as chief financial officer, chief operating officer and chief executive officer, including as chief financial officer for three public companies. Mr. Walker is currently employed by The Brenner Group, Inc., a management services firm. Mr. Walker previously served as chief financial officer for Spigit, Inc., a social media software company from August 2012 to February 2014. From January 2012 and August 2012 Mr. Walker was employed by The Brenner Group. During his earlier association with The Brenner Group, Mr. Walker served as chief financial officer of Sierra Photonics, Inc. and Wikipad Inc. From December 2004 to December 2010, Mr. Walker also served as president and chief executive officer of Alara, Inc., a medical device company, and prior to that he held chief financial officer positions with AlphaSmart, Inc., provider of technology solutions for the education market; Rivio, Inc., a provider of web-based services to small businesses; and Diamond Multimedia Systems, Inc., a supplier of multimedia subsystems to the personal computer industry. Mr. Walker holds an M.B.A. from Santa Clara University and a B.S. in mathematics from San Jose State University.
Bruce J Barclay — Mr. Bruce J Barclay has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2014. Mr. Barclay has over 35 years of experience in the healthcare industry, with nearly 15 years of that leading medical device companies. From 2010 to 2014 Mr. Barclay was president and chief executive officer, and a member of the board of directors, of Hansen Medical (NASDAQ: HNSN), a developer, manufacturer and global seller of intravascular robotics. From 2005 to 2010 he was president and chief executive officer, and a member of the board of directors, of SurModics (NASDAQ: SRDX), a provider of drug delivery and surface modifications technologies to the healthcare industry, having previously served as its president and chief operating officer from 2003 to 2005. Prior to joining SurModics, from 2000 to 2003, Mr. Barclay served as president and chief executive officer and a member of the board of directors of Vascular Architects, a medical device company that developed, manufactured and sold products to treat peripheral vascular disease. Prior to Vascular Architects, he was an officer and senior vice president of Guidant Corporation from 1994 to 2000. Before Guidant he held several positions of increasing responsibility at Eli Lilly and Company from 1978 to 1994. Mr. Barclay received a J.D. from Indiana University School of Law, and a B.S. in Chemistry and a B.A. in Biology, both from Purdue University. He is also a registered patent attorney. Mr. Barclay’s extensive record of high achievement in managing research, product development, operations, as well as domestic and international commercial teams in multiple markets and his deep knowledge of the medical device industry qualify him to be a director of our company.
Aidan M. Collins — Mr. Aidan M. Collins has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2014. Mr. Collins currently serves as the chief executive officer and founder of ControlMetric, Inc., a consulting and software company focused on bringing data-driven, fact-based approaches to operational risk management. Mr. Collins is responsible for all aspects of company operations, including business
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development, marketing and external relations. Prior to ControlMetric, Mr. Collins served as a partner at Bain & Company, from 2007 to 2010, where he led client relationships and consulting projects covering a range of strategic and operations issues, including IT strategy, cost reduction, post-merger integration and operations improvement. From 2004 to 2007, Mr. Collins was a partner in the advisory services practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, where he was a leader in the information technology effectiveness and healthcare payer practices in Northern California. Prior to that, Mr. Collins served as the senior vice president, sales and marketing in the healthcare group at Perot Systems, from 2002 to 2004, where he was responsible for leading sales and business development efforts for large healthcare organizations nationwide, focused on selling business process and technology outsourcing services to large healthcare payers. From 1992 to 2002, Mr. Collins served as partner with the enterprise risk services group at Deloitte & Touche LLP, where his responsibilities included leading the firm’s national practice related to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, and the information security services practice in Northern California and Hawaii. Mr. Collins holds an M.B.A. from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, an M.H.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a B.E. from University of Limerick in Ireland. We believe Mr. Collins’ extensive leadership and business experience qualify him to be a director of our company.
Greg S. Garfield — Mr. Greg S. Garfield has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2013. Mr. Garfield serves as a director on the boards of a number of private companies in the healthcare industry. From 2006 to 2011, he had various roles at Acclarent, Inc., a medical technology company, including chief operating officer. Acclarent, Inc. was acquired by Johnson and Johnson at a valuation of approximately $800 million cash in January 2010. From 1995 to 2006, Mr. Garfield had various roles at Guidant Corporation, a medical technology company. Guidant was acquired by Boston Scientific Corporation in 2006 at a valuation of approximately $27 billion in cash and stock. Mr. Garfield has a J.D. from McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific and a B.S. from California Polytechnic State University. We believe Mr. Garfield’s significant business experience at other medical technology companies qualifies him to be a director of our company.
Arthur “Abbie” Leibowitz, M.D., F.A.A.P. — Dr. Arthur “Abbie” Leibowitz has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2014. Dr. Leibowitz has over 40 years of experience in healthcare, with more than 25 years in leading positions with several healthcare companies. Since 2001, Dr. Leibowitz has been co-founder, chief medical officer and executive vice president at Health Advocate, Inc., a health advocacy and assistance company that provides support and helps consumers navigate the healthcare system. In June 2014, Health Advocate became a wholly owned subsidiary of the West Corporation, a publicly traded telecommunications and health services company. Health Advocate’s clients include more than 10,000 small, medium, and large sized companies, not-for-profit organizations and associations, schools, colleges and universities, unions, health plans, and third party administrators across the United States. Prior to his role at Health Advocate, Dr. Leibowitz served as executive vice president of digital health strategies and a member of the board of directors at Medicologic, Inc., where he was responsible for developing healthcare data, information services and strategies targeted at users of such company’s electronic medical record system, as well as data customers including payors, pharmaceutical companies, employers, regulatory and government agencies. Dr. Leibowitz served as vice president, medical delivery systems and chief medical officer at Aetna U.S. Healthcare, from 1996 to 2000, where he directed medical affairs and policies for one of the largest health benefits companies in the nation. In this role he was responsible for clinical policy development, technology assessment, patient management activities, and quality improvement programs. From 1993 to 1996, Dr. Leibowitz was the vice president, health delivery, corporate medical director at U.S. Healthcare, where he coordinated the expansion of medical programs regionally into eight new markets. Dr. Leibowitz had also served as vice president, health delivery, and a network medical director at U.S. Healthcare, from 1987 to 1993. From 1975 to 1987, Dr. Leibowitz was the senior physician at Drexel Hill Pediatric Associates, where he established seven physician pediatric group practice serving a large and diverse urban/suburban patient population. Dr. Leibowitz has authored many articles in medical literature, including revising his chapter on Health System Navigation in the recently published Second Edition of Population Health, Creating a Culture of Wellness, edited by David Nash and others. Dr. Leibowitz received both his B.A. and M.D. degrees from Temple University. We believe Dr. Leibowitz’s extensive background, experience and knowledge of the healthcare industry qualify him to be a director of our company.
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Wayne T. Pan, M.D., Ph.D. — Dr. Wayne T. Pan has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2014. Dr. Pan has over 20 years of broad healthcare industry experience from clinical medicine, to managed care, and health information technology. Dr. Pan is currently the chief medical officer at Applied Research Works, a healthcare software technology company based in Palo Alto, offering health plans and integrated delivery systems, a cloud-based platform providing timely, actionable clinical data to providers at the point of care. From August 2012 to May 2014 Dr. Pan served as chief medical officer at Thrasys, Inc., a global healthcare technology company that provides a cloud-based platform upon which healthcare delivery systems and provider organizations can build high quality, person-centered accountable care communities. Between October 2010 and July 2012, Dr. Pan was concurrently the chief medical informatics officer for Health Access Solutions, a health care software development company and chief medical officer of Pacific Partners Management Services, Inc., a medical management services company serving medical groups in northern California with over 50,000 covered lives. Prior to that, between September 2009 and February 2010, he served as chief medical officer for Affinity Medical Solutions, LLC, a medical management services organization serving independent physicians association clients and managing commercial and Medicare Advantage members. Dr. Pan has also served as chief medical officer between June 2008 and August 2009 for Alameda Alliance for Health, a local initiative health plan with Medicaid, Medicare Advantage Dual Eligible SNP and IHSS plans, and as an advisory chief medical officer at a data analytics start-up focused on big data issues in healthcare in 2007-2008. Dr. Pan holds an M.B.A. from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and an M.D. and Ph.D. from the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, and a B.S. in Biology from Johns Hopkins University. We believe Dr. Pan’s extensive healthcare-related business experience qualifies him to be a director of our company.
Shirley L. Semler — Mrs. Shirley L. Semler is our co-founder and has served as a member of our board of directors since our formation in 2007. Mrs. Semler also served as an executive vice president until December 2009. Mrs. Semler is the holder of the patent on the Compressar hemostatic product that has been used on over 15 million patients. She was the co-founder and president of Instromedix, Inc., a medical product company that was acquired by Alares, Inc. She was also co-founder and president of Advanced Vascular Dynamics before it was sold. She attended Stephens College in Columbus, Missouri and the University of Colorado. Mrs. Semler is the wife of our chairman of the board and co-founder, Dr. Herbert J. Semler. Mrs. Semler’s experience in the medical device business, and her experience and knowledge as a founder and executive of our company qualify her to be a director of our company.
Corporate Governance
Director Independence
Applicable NASDAQ rules require a majority of a listed company’s board of directors to be comprised of independent directors within one year of listing. In addition, the NASDAQ rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent and that audit committee members also satisfy independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Under applicable NASDAQ rules, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of the listed company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or otherwise be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.
During 2014, our board of directors reviewed its composition and that of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Barclay, Collins and Garfield and Drs. Leibowitz and Pan are “independent directors” as defined under applicable NASDAQ rules, including the heightened independence standards applicable to audit committee and compensation committee members, as applicable. Our board of directors also determined that our former directors, Messrs. Chang, Gupta and
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Sainer, each of whom resigned in 2014, were also “independent directors” as defined under applicable NASDAQ rules, including the heightened independence standards applicable to audit committee and compensation committee members. In making such determinations, our board of directors considered the relationships that each such director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances that our board of directors deemed relevant in determining his independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each director.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Audit Committee.   Our audit committee is currently comprised of Messrs. Barclay and Collins and Dr. Pan. Mr. Collins serves as the chairman of the audit committee and our board of directors has also determined that Mr. Collins is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules. Our Audit Committee’s responsibilities include:

appointing, approving the compensation of, and assessing the independence of our registered public accounting firm;

overseeing the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, including through the receipt and consideration of reports from that firm;

reviewing and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm our annual and quarterly financial statements and related disclosures;

monitoring our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and code of conduct;

overseeing our internal audit function;

discussing our risk management policies;

establishing policies regarding hiring employees from our independent registered public accounting firm and procedures for the receipt and retention of accounting related complaints and concerns;

meeting independently with our internal auditing staff, if any, our independent registered public accounting firm and management;

reviewing and approving or ratifying any related person transactions; and

preparing the Audit Committee report required by Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, rules.
All audit and non-audit services, other than de minimis non-audit services, to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm must be approved in advance by our Audit Committee.
Compensation Committee.   The members of our Compensation Committee are Messrs. Barclay and Garfield. Mr. Barclay is Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee’s responsibilities include:

determining our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation;

reviewing and approving, or making recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to, the compensation of our other executive officers;

overseeing and administering our cash and equity incentive plans;

reviewing and making recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to director compensation;

reviewing and discussing annually with management our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” disclosure if and to the extent then required by SEC rules; and

preparing the Compensation Committee report if and to the extent then required by SEC rules.
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We believe that the composition of our Compensation Committee meets the requirements for independence under current NASDAQ and SEC rules and regulations.
Nominating Committee.   The members of our Nominating Committee are Messrs. Garfield and Pan. Mr. Garfield is Chairman of the Nominating Committee. Our Nominating Committee’s responsibilities include:

identifying individuals qualified to become members of our Board of Directors;

recommending to our Board of Directors the persons to be nominated for election as directors and to each of our Board’s committees; and

overseeing an annual evaluation of our Board of Directors.
We believe that the composition of our Nominating Committee meets the requirements for independence under current NASDAQ and SEC rules and regulations.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function, of any other entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. None of the members of our Compensation Committee has ever been employed by us.
Board Leadership Structure
Our Board is led by a Chairman who is a non-executive Director selected by the full Board on nomination of the Compensation and Nominating Committees. Our Board believes that the Chairman is responsible for Board leadership and the Chief Executive Officer is responsible for leading our management, employees and operations, and that these are two distinct and separate responsibilities. Our Board believes this leadership structure is efficient and promotes good corporate governance. However, our Board continues to evaluate its leadership structure and may change it, if, in the opinion of the Board, a change is required by the needs of our business and operations.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer (our chief executive officer), our principal accounting officer (our chief financial officer) and other senior financial officers performing similar functions, which we refer to as the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at http://www.semlercientific.com under the Corporate Governance section of the Investors portion of our website. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is designed to meet the requirements of Item 406 of Regulation S-K. We will promptly disclose on our website (i) the nature of any amendment to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to any covered person, and (ii) the nature of any waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is granted to one of the covered persons.
Director Compensation Summary
Prior to the adoption of our non-employee director compensation program in July 2014, we did not have a formal compensation plan for our directors. We did not pay our directors attendance fees, or grant them equity or other compensation for service on our board. During 2013 we did not pay any compensation to our directors for service on the board.
In July 2014, our board of directors approved the following non-employee director compensation.
All non-employee directors are entitled to receive an annual $30,000 retainer for service as a board member and an annual retainer for each committee on which they serve as a member:

$15,000 per year for service as chairman of the audit committee or $7,500 per year for service as a member of the audit committee;
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$10,000 per year for service as chairman of the compensation committee or $5,000 per year for service as a member of the compensation committee;

$5,000 per year for service as chairman of the nominating committee or $2,000 per year for service as a member of the nominating committee;
All cash payments to non-employee directors will be paid quarterly in arrears and will be pro-rated for directors who join the board or a board committee mid-year.
All non-employee directors will be entitled to receive the following equity compensation for their services:

initial grant of options to acquire 10,000 shares of common stock, which options will be fully vested on the grant date; and

annual grant of options to acquire 5,000 shares of common stock, which options will be fully vested on the grant date.
Annual grant amounts will be pro-rated for directors who join the board mid-year. On July 24, 2014, the board of directors made the initial grant of options to acquire 10,000 shares of our common stock under our 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan to each of our non-employee directors. All of these options have an exercise price of  $3.85 per share, expire 10 years from the grant date, and are vested in full.
The following table shows the compensation earned in the year ended December 31, 2014 by our non-employee directors. Our non-employee directors received only fees and option awards in 2014, so we have omitted certain columns from the table.
Name(1)(2)
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
($)
Option
Awards
($)
Total
($)
Herbert J. Semler, M.D.
$ 13,145 $ 25,414 $ 38,559
Bruce J Barclay
31,028 25,414 56,442
Aidan M. Collins
21,774 25,414 47,188
Greg S. Garfield
34,405 25,414 59,819
Arthur “Abbie” Leibowitz, M.D., F.A.A.P.
15,667 25,414 41,081
Wayne T. Pan, M.D., Ph.D
25,590 25,414 51,004
Shirley L. Semler
13,145 25,414 38,559
(1)
The compensation information for Dr. Murphy-Chutorian, our chief executive officer and a director, is set forth in “— Summary Compensation Table.”
(2)
Messrs. William H.C. Chang, Dinesh Gupta and Elliot A. Sainer served on our board of directors during 2014 but resigned from our board of directors prior to the adoption of our non-employee director compensation plan and did not receive compensation pursuant to such plan nor any other compensation in 2014.
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2014.
Plan Category
Number of Securities to
be Issued Upon Exercise
of Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
Weighted Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities Reflected in
Column (a))
(a)
(b)
(c)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Securityholders: 2014 Plan
250,000 $ 2.10 200,000
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Securityholders: 2007 Plan
399,500 $ 1.10 0
Total
649,500 $ 3.20 200,000
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the information as to compensation paid to or earned by our (i) chief executive officer, (ii) our two most highly compensated executive officers other than our chief executive officer who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2014 and (iii) one additional individual for whom disclosure would have been provided but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2014. These individuals are referred to in this prospectus as our named executive officers. As none of our named executive officers received any stock awards, non-equity incentive plan compensation or nonqualified deferred compensation earnings during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we have omitted those columns from the table.
Name and Principal Position
Fiscal
Year
Salary
($)
Bonus
($)
Option
Award(s)
($)(1)
All Other
Compensation
($)(2)(3)
Total
($)
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D., director and chief executive officer
2014 $ 192,000 $ 0 $ 117,069 $ 155,006 $ 464,075
2013 32,000 0 0 286,305 318,305
Robert G. McRae, chief operating officer
2014 218,295 68,217 34,432 21,471 342,415
2013 218,295 54,300 0 20,916 293,511
James M. Walker, chief financial officer(4)
2014 85,625 0 0 0 85,625
2013 0 0 0 0 0
Daniel E. Conger, vice president, finance(5)
2014 121,272 37,898 6,886 14,832 180,888
2013 121,272 30,300 0 12,283 163,858
(1)
Represents aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For more information regarding assumptions used for computation of fair value, see Note 9 to our audited financial statements.
(2)
For Dr. Murphy-Chutorian, represents aggregate of sales commissions ($155,006) in 2014. Represents aggregate of monthly stipend ($160,000) in 2013 and sales commissions ($126,305) in 2013.
(3)
For Mr. McRae and Mr. Conger, represents payment of health insurance premiums pursuant to the terms of employment agreements.
(4)
For Mr. Walker, represents payments made to The Brenner Group pursuant to our consulting agreement. Includes payments made during 2014 prior to Mr. Walker’s appointment as chief financial officer.
(5)
Effective June 18, 2014, Mr. Conger is no longer our principal accounting officer.
Named Executive Officer Compensation Arrangements
We enter into individually negotiated compensation arrangements with each of our named executive officers. Our named executive officers may receive salary, bonus and other benefits, such as the payment of health insurance premiums or other individually negotiated health benefits pursuant to the terms of their negotiated compensation package. We may also grant our named executive officers awards under our equity incentive plans.
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D.
At the time he joined our company as a director, and subsequently as our chief executive officer, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian did not have a formal employment agreement with our company. We engaged Dr. Murphy-Chutorian as an independent contractor. Pursuant to the terms of his sales representative agreement entered into in October 2010, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian received sales commissions of  $15 per month per successfully-installed product that had an active and effective service agreement in place. After the renewal of the sales representative agreement in January 2012, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian received a monthly stipend of  $16,000, in addition to receiving sales commissions of  $15 per month per
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successfully-installed product that had an active and effective service agreement in place. In September 2012, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian became a director and effective October 31, 2012, he became our chief executive officer. On November 11, 2013, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Dr. Murphy-Chutorian. Under the terms of this agreement, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian can be terminated at any time and his job titles, salaries and benefits may be modified from time to time as we deem necessary. In 2014, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian’s compensation arrangement provided for the payment of  $16,000 per month, for his services as chief executive officer and a commission of  $15 per month for each successfully-installed product that has an active and effective service agreement in place. Dr. Murphy-Chutorian was also eligible for awards under our equity incentive plans. Accordingly, in 2014, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian was granted a stock option to acquire 85,000 shares of our common stock at $2.10 per share, which expires 10 years from the grant date and is subject to monthly vesting over four years (1/48 per month) such that it will be vested in full on the four-year anniversary of its grant date. In October 2014, our board of directors, upon the recommendation of its compensation committee, approved the following compensation arrangement for Dr. Murphy-Chutorian effective January 1, 2015: base salary of  $350,000, target incentive equal to 50% of base salary, and a grant of 75,000 stock options under our 2014 stock option plan. The payment of any target incentive will be at the discretion of the compensation committee and will be based on achievement of performance goals by Dr. Murphy-Chutorian. Dr. Murphy-Chutorian will no longer receive commissions based upon installed products.
Robert G. McRae
On November 1, 2010, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Mr. McRae, our chief operating officer. Under the terms of the agreement, Mr. McRae can be terminated at any time and his job titles, salaries and benefits may be modified from time to time as we deem necessary. In 2014, Mr. McRae’s compensation arrangement provided for the payment of  $18,191 per month as salary, an annual bonus of $68,217 and $1,789 per month of health benefits (consisting of insurance premiums paid on his behalf). Mr. McRae was also eligible for awards under our equity incentive plans. Accordingly, in 2014, Mr. McRae was granted a stock option to acquire 25,000 shares of our common stock at $2.10 per share, which expires 10 years from the grant date and is subject to monthly vesting over four years (1/48 per month) such that it will be vested in full on the four-year anniversary of its grant date.
James M. Walker
Mr. Walker provides services as our chief financial officer pursuant to a consulting agreement with The Brenner Group, which was amended and restated effective as of June 18, 2014 to reflect Mr. Walker’s appointment as our chief financial officer. Under this consulting agreement, we agreed to pay The Brenner Group for Mr. Walker’s services a monthly fee of  $10,000 and reimburse Mr. Walker for all travel and out of pocket expenses incurred in connection therewith. The consulting agreement has a minimum term until March 31, 2015 and may be terminated by either party upon 30 days written notice.
Daniel E. Conger
On October 18, 2010, we entered into an at-will employment agreement with Mr. Conger, our vice president of finance. Under the terms of the agreement, Mr. Conger can be terminated at any time and his job titles, salaries and benefits may be modified from time to time as we deem necessary. In 2014, Mr. Conger’s compensation arrangement provided for the payment of  $10,106 per month as salary, an annual bonus of  $37,898 and $1,236 per month of health benefits (consisting of insurance premiums paid on his behalf). Mr. Conger was also eligible for awards under our equity incentive plans. Accordingly, in 2014, Mr. Conger was granted a stock option to acquire 5,000 shares of our common stock at $2.10 per share, which expires 10 years from the grant date and is subject to monthly vesting over four years (1/48 per month) such that it will be vested in full on the four-year anniversary of its grant date.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table provides information about the number of outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers at December 31, 2014. We have omitted certain columns from the table as we do not have any outstanding stock awards.
Name
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
Option Exercise
Price ($)
Option Expiration
Date
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian(1)
20,000 0 $ 0.52 11/21/2022
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian(2)
3,084 81,916 $ 2.10 11/08/2024
Robert G. McRae(1)
20,000 0 $ 0.52 11/1/2020
Robert G. McRae(1)
20,000 0 $ 0.52 6/10/2021
Robert G. McRae(1)
20,000 0 $ 0.52 1/5/2022
Robert G. McRae(1)
20,000 0 $ 0.52 11/21/2022
Robert G. McRae(2)
907 24,093 $ 2.10 11/08/2024
James M. Walker
0 0 $ 0 N/A
Daniel E. Conger(1)
6,500 0 $ 0.52 11/1/2020
Daniel E. Conger(1)
6,500 0 $ 0.52 6/10/2021
Daniel E. Conger(1)
6,500 0 $ 0.52 1/5/2022
Daniel E. Conger(1)
10,000 0 $ 0.52 11/21/2022
Daniel E. Conger(2)
181 4,819 $ 2.10 11/08/2024
(1)
The option is fully vested.
(2)
The option is subject to monthly vesting over four years (1/48 per month) such that it will be vested in full on the four-year anniversary of its grant date, which was November 8, 2014.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The following includes a summary of transactions since January 1, 2013 to which we have been a party in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of  (x) $120,000 or (y) 1% of our average total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or, to our knowledge, beneficial owners of more than 5% of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than equity and other compensation, termination, change in control and other arrangements, which are described under “Management — Summary Compensation Table — Named Executive Officer Compensation Arrangements.” We also describe below certain other transactions with our directors, executive officers and stockholders.
Financings
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 532,110 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock and warrants to acquire an aggregate of 298,241 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock for an aggregate gross purchase price of  $2,409,404. The participants in the foregoing equity financing included certain of our current and former directors, officers and holders of more than 5% of our capital stock or entities affiliated with them.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 111,112 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to an accredited investor for which a former director of our company and one of our principal stockholders, Mr. William H.C. Chang, is one of the co-trustees, for an aggregate purchase price of  $500,004 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to an accredited investor for which a former director of our company and one of our principal stockholders, Mr. William H.C. Chang, is one of the co-trustees, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 38,889 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $4 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 116,667 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to two accredited investors for which Mr. Dinesh Gupta, a former director, is a general partner or a trustee respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of  $525,001 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to two accredited investors for which Mr. Dinesh Gupta, a former director, is a general partner or a trustee respectively, two warrants to purchase an aggregate of 40,833 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $3,695 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D., our chief executive officer and a director of our company, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 60,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $6,000 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 23,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Elliot Sainer, a former director, for an aggregate purchase price of  $103,500 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to Mr. Elliot A. Sainer, a former director, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 8,050 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of $4.50 per share, which warrant expires 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $1 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to Mr. Greg S. Garfield, who later was appointed a director, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 12,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $1,200 in cash.
On February 24, 2015, a family trust of which William H.C. Chang, a former director and one of our principal stockholders, is a co-Trustee acquired an aggregate of 55,000 shares of our common stock in a private placement pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with us dated February 24, 2015, at a price per share of  $4.52, the consolidated closing bid price on the date of the agreement. Such shares were acquired using personal funds (approximately $248,600).
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On March 2, 2015, a family trust of which William H.C. Chang, a former director and one of our principal stockholders, is a co-Trustee acquired an aggregate of 62,500 shares of our common stock in a private placement pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with us dated March 2, 2015, at a price per share of  $4.10. Such shares were acquired using personal funds (approximately $250,000).
On April 1, 2015, we issued and sold an aggregate of 143,000 shares of our common stock to an accredited investor and significant stockholder, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement for an aggregate purchase price of  $500,500.
Transactions Related to Our Initial Public Offering
In connection with the closing of our initial public offering on February 27, 2014, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian, our chief executive officer and a director, and William H.C. Chang, a former director and one of our principal stockholders, purchased 53,571 shares and 89,285 shares of our common stock, respectively, at the initial public offering price for aggregate purchase prices of  $374,997 and $624,995, respectively. In addition, Eric Semler, one of our principal stockholders, or entities affiliated with Mr. Semler, purchased 142,857 shares of our common stock in the offering at the initial public offering price for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1 million.
Consulting Fees for Services Provided
Prior to becoming a director and then chief executive officer of our company, Dr. Murphy-Chutorian performed consulting services for us. These consulting services included managing finance, sales, marketing, operational and strategic planning for our company, as well as assistance and strategic guidance in securing financing. Between November 3, 2010 and September 17, 2012, and prior to his appointment to our board of directors (and later as our chief executive officer), Dr. Murphy-Chutorian invoiced us an aggregate amount of  $722,026 in consulting fees in connection with these consulting services provided to our company ($75,000, $165,000, $482,026 recorded in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively), payment of which was deferred by Dr. Murphy-Chutorian. We paid Dr. Murphy-Chutorian $150,000 of his receivable following the closing of our initial public offering, and began making installment payments of  $30,000 per month beginning August 2014. We will continue to make such installment payments until such receivable is paid in full.
Registration Rights
We are party to an investor rights agreement with those holders who held our common stock prior to our initial public offering, and those who held our convertible preferred stock prior to our initial public offering (all of which converted into common stock in our initial public offering). Accordingly, our directors and principal stockholders who held our securities prior to our initial public offering are parties to this agreement. This agreement provides for certain rights relating to the registration of their shares of common stock that was issued upon conversion of their convertible preferred stock. The registration rights will terminate five years following the completion of or our initial public offering, or for any particular holder with registration rights, at such time when all securities held by that stockholder subject to registration rights may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act during any 90-day period.
Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons
Our board of directors has adopted a written related person transaction policy setting forth the policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related-person transactions. This policy covers, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which we were or are to be a participant, where the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including, without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by us of a related person. In reviewing and approving any such transactions, our audit committee is tasked to consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in an arm’s length transaction and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction. All of the transactions described in this section occurred prior to the adoption of this policy.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 31, 2015 of:

each person who is known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock;

each of our directors;

each of our named executive officers; and

all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to our common stock and is based on 4,833,517 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2015. Shares of our common stock subject to options or warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 2015 are considered outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding the options or warrants for the purpose of calculating the percentage ownership of that person but not for the purpose of calculating the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, the persons and entities in the following table have sole voting and investing power with respect to all of the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws, where applicable. Information with respect to beneficial ownership by 5% stockholders has been based on information filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(d) or Section 13(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as company records. Except as otherwise set forth in the footnotes to the following table, the address of each beneficial owner is c/o Semler Scientific, Inc., 2330 NW Everett St. Portland, OR 97210.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
Number of
Shares Beneficially
Owned
Percentage of
Shares Beneficially
Owned
5% Stockholders:
William H.C. Chang(1)
931,973 19.3%
Eric Semler
568,221 11.8%
Glenhill Advisors, LLC(2)
341,459 7.1%
Green Park & Golf Ventures, LLC(3)
253,686 5.2%
Executive Officers and Directors:
Dr. & Mrs. Semler(4)
727,891 14.5%
Bruce J Barclay(5)
10,000 *%
Aidan M. Collins(6)
10,000 *%
Greg S. Garfield(7)
22,000 *%
Dr. Arthur N. Leibowitz(8)
10,000 *%
Dr. Douglas Murphy-Chutorian(9)
479,785 9.1%
Dr. Wayne T. Pan(10)
10,000 *%
Robert G. McRae(11)
105,000 2.1%
Daniel E. Conger(12)
34,500 *%
James M. Walker
0
All directors and officers as a group (11 persons)
1,409,176 25.1%
*
less than 1%
(1)
Mr. Chang holds his securities in a family trust over which he his co-Trustee with his spouse, and with whom he shares voting and investment power over such securities.
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(2)
Represents 341,459 shares of common stock held by Glenhill Advisors, LLC, Glenn J. Krevlin, Glenhill Capital Advisors, LLC, Glenhill Capital Management, LLC and Glenhill Concentrated Long Masterfund, LLC. Glenn J. Krevlin, is the managing member and control person of Glenhill Advisors, LLC, and is the sole shareholder of Krevlin Management, Inc. Krevlin Management, Inc. is the managing member of Glenhill Capital Advisors, LLC, which is the investment manager of Glenhill Concentrated Long Master Fund, LLC. Glenhill Advisors, LLC is the managing member of Glenhill Capital Management, LLC. Glenhill Capital Management, LLC is the managing member of Glenhill Concentrated Long Master Fund, LLC. The address of each of Glenhill Advisors, LLC, Glenn J. Krevlin, Glenhill Capital Advisors, LLC, Glenhill Capital Management, LLC and Glenhill Concentrated Long Masterfund, LLC is Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10020.
(3)
Represents (i) 214,736 shares held directly by GPG SSF Investments LLC, or GPG SSF and (ii) 38,950 shares held directly by Green Park & Golf Ventures, LLC, or Green Park & Golf. Green Park & Golf is the managing partner of GPG SSF and consequently may be deemed to have voting control and investment discretion over securities owned by GPG SSF. Clay M. Heighten, M.D. and Carl D. Soderstrom are each a managing director of Green Park & Golf. As a result, Dr. Heighten and Mr. Soderstrom may each be deemed to be the beneficial owner of any shares deemed to be beneficially owned by Green Park & Golf and/or GPG SSF. Each of Green Park & Golf, Dr. Heighten and Mr. Soderstrom disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities directly owned by GPG SSF, except to the extent of its or his pecuniary interests therein. Each of Dr. Heighten and Mr. Soderstrom disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities directly owned by Green Park & Golf, except to the extent of his pecuniary interests therein. The principal business address of each Reporting Person is c/o Green Park & Golf Ventures, LLC, 5910 N. Central Expressway, Suite 200, Dallas, Texas, 75206.
(4)
Represents (i) 557,891 issued shares of our common stock, (ii) options to purchase 160,000 shares of our common stock held by Dr. Semler and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares of our common stock held by Mrs. Semler. Shares of common stock are held in a family trust over which Dr. and Mrs. Semler are co-Trustees and together share voting and investment power over such securities.
(5)
Represents options to acquire 10,000 shares of our common stock.
(6)
Represents options to acquire 10,000 shares of our common stock.
(7)
Represents (i) options to acquire 10,000 shares of our common stock and (ii) warrants to purchase 12,000 shares of our common stock. Mr. Garfield holds his warrants in a family trust over which he is co-Trustee with his spouse, and with whom he shares voting and investment power over such securities.
(8)
Represents options to acquire 10,000 shares of our common stock.
(9)
Represents (i) 63,571 shares of our common stock (ii) options to purchase 180,000 shares of our common stock, and (iii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 236,214 shares of our common stock. Options are held by Dr. Murphy-Chutorian. Other securities are held in a family trust over which Dr. Murphy-Chutorian is co-Trustee with his spouse, and with whom he shares voting and investment power over such securities.
(10)
Represents options to acquire 10,000 shares of our common stock.
(11)
Represents options to acquire 105,000 shares of our common stock.
(12)
Represents options to acquire 34,500 shares of our common stock.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of our capital stock is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our capital stock. This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our certificate of incorporation, which has been publicly filed with the SEC. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”
General
Our authorized capital stock consists of 50,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 4,000,000 shares of convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, of which 2,800,000 shares have been designated as Series A Preferred Stock, 800,000 shares have been designated as Series A-1 Preferred Stock and 400,000 shares have been designated as Series A-2 Preferred Stock. All issued and outstanding designated shares of preferred stock converted into shares of our common stock in our initial public offering and are no longer outstanding.
As of March 31, 2015, there were a total of 4,833,517 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. We currently do not have any preferred stock outstanding.
Common Stock
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Except as otherwise required by law, and subject to the rights of the holders of preferred stock, if any, all stockholder action is taken by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock voting as a single class present at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum consisting of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock is present in person or proxy.
Subject to the prior rights of any class or series of preferred stock, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably, dividends when, as, and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose and, upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and payment of accrued dividends and liquidation preferences on the preferred stock. However, the current policy of our board of directors is to retain earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our company. The holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights and have no rights to convert their common stock into any other securities. The outstanding common stock is validly authorized and issued, fully-paid and nonassessable. The common stock will not be subject to call or redemption.
Preferred Stock
We currently have no outstanding shares of preferred stock. Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 4,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the dividend, voting and other rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each wholly unissued series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. Prior to the issuance of shares of each series, the board of directors is required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and our certificate of incorporation to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The certificate of designation fixes for each class or series the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences. At the time of our initial public offering, we had issued and outstanding, the following shares of preferred stock: 1,468,402 shares of Series A, 293,750 shares of Series A-1 and 250,000 shares of Series A-2. All of these previously issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock converted into shares of our common stock in our initial public offering.
Warrants
As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding warrants to acquire an aggregate 359,714 shares of our common stock at a weighted average exercise price of  $5.15 per share, and which expire in dates ranging from July 2016 to June 2023.
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Placement Agent’s Warrants
Please see “Plan of Distribution” for a description of the warrants we have agreed to issue to the placement agent in this offering, subject to the completion of the offering. We expect to enter into a warrant agreement in respect of the placement agent’s warrants prior to the closing of this offering.
Registration Rights
Pursuant to the investors’ rights agreement, dated June 7, 2012 between our company and the investors named therein, or the Investors’ Rights Agreement, and subject to the terms of the Investors’ Rights Agreement, certain of our holders our shares of common stock outstanding received certain rights with respect to their shares of common stock, as described below.
Demand Registration Rights
If the holders of at least 10% of the registrable securities (under the Investors’ Rights Agreement) request in writing that we effect a registration with respect to their shares in an offering with an anticipated aggregate offering price of at least $10.0 million, we may be required to register their shares. We are obligated to effect at most two registrations for the holders of registrable securities in response to these demand registration rights. If the holders requesting registration intend to distribute their shares by means of an underwriting, the managing underwriter of such offering will have the right to limit the numbers of shares to be underwritten for reasons related to the marketing of the shares.
Piggyback Registration Rights
If we register any shares of our common stock for public sale, subject to certain exceptions, the holders of registrable securities will be entitled to notice of the registration and to include their shares of registrable securities in the registration. If such demand is made by the holders of registrable securities, we must use commercially reasonable efforts to include such holders’ shares in the registration. If our proposed registration involves an underwriting, the managing underwriter of such offering will have the right to limit the number of shares to be underwritten for reasons related to the marketing of the shares.
Form S-3 Registration Rights
Holders of registrable securities can request in writing that we register their shares for public resale on Form S-3 in an offering with an anticipated aggregate offering price of at least $2.0 million, and we are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to effect such registration; provided, however, that we will not be required to effect such a registration if, within the preceding 12 months, we have already effected two registrations on Form S-3 for the holders of registrable securities.
Expenses
All expenses incurred in connection with the registration will be borne by us, except for if a demand registration is withdrawn under certain conditions. These expenses may include all registration and filing fees, printing expenses, fees and disbursements of our counsel, reasonable fees and disbursements of a counsel for the selling securityholders, blue sky fees and expenses and the expenses of any regular and special audits incident to the registration.
Termination of Registration Rights
The registration rights terminate upon the earlier of  (i) February 20, 2019, or (ii) with respect to the registration rights of an individual holder, when the holder can sell all of such holder’s registrable securities in compliance with Rule 144 of the Securities Act within a ninety day period.
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Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Some provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that could make the following transactions more difficult: an acquisition of us by means of a tender offer; an acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or the removal of our incumbent officers and directors. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish or could deter transactions that stockholders may otherwise consider to be in their best interest or in our best interests, including transactions which provide for payment of a premium over the market price for our shares.
These provisions, summarized below, are intended to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of the increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging these proposals because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute
We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Under Section 203, we would generally be prohibited from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the time that this stockholder became an interested stockholder unless:

prior to this time, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

at or subsequent to such time, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
Under Section 203, a “business combination” includes:

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder, subject to limited exceptions;

any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation.
In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as an entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.
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Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or making a tender offer or delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a stockholder might consider favorable. In particular, the certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as applicable, among other things:

provide our board of directors with the ability to alter its bylaws without stockholder approval; and

provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled by a majority of directors in office, although less than a quorum.
Such provisions may have the effect of discouraging a third-party from acquiring our company, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors and in the policies formulated by them, and to discourage some types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change in control of our company. These provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal and to discourage some tactics that may be used in proxy fights. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure our company outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals because, among other things, negotiation of such proposals could result in an improvement of their terms
Amendment of Charter Provisions
The provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in the composition of our board and management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Corporate Stock Transfer, Inc., whose address is 3200 Cherry Creek Drive South, #430, Denver, Colorado 80209, and whose telephone number is (303) 282-4800.
Listing
Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SMLR.”
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are offering up to             shares of our common stock. We have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC as our placement agent for this offering. Wainwright is not purchasing or selling any shares, nor are they required to arrange for the purchase and sale of any specific number or dollar amount of shares, other than to use their reasonable “best efforts” to arrange for the sale of shares by us. Therefore, we may not sell the entire amount of shares being offered.
We will enter into securities purchase agreements directly with certain institutional investors which purchase not less than $         of securities in this offering. We will not enter into any securities purchase agreement with investors that purchase less than $         of securities in this offering and such investors which purchase less than $         shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase of securities in this offering. Wainwright may retain one or more sub-agents or selected dealers in connection with the offering.
Upon the closing of this offering, we will pay the placement agent a cash transaction fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds to us from the sale of the shares.
The following table shows the per share and total fees we will pay to the placement agent assuming the sale of all of the shares offered pursuant to this prospectus.
Per share
$          
Total
$          
In addition, we agreed to grant compensation warrants to the placement agent (or its designees) to purchase a number of shares of our common stock equal to 7% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold by us in the offering. The compensation warrants will have an exercise price equal to $          (125% of the closing bid price of our common stock on the date of the pricing of the offering) and a term of exercise of five years, provided that the compensation warrants will comply with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1) in that for a period of six months after the issuance date of the compensation warrants (which shall not be earlier than the closing date of the offering pursuant to which the compensation warrants are being issued), neither the compensation warrants nor any warrant shares issued upon exercise of the compensation warrants shall be (A) sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or (B) the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of the offering pursuant to which the compensation warrants are being issued, except the transfer of any security as permitted by the FINRA rules and provided, that pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(g), neither the placement agent Warrants nor any shares issued upon exercise of the placement agent Warrants shall be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of this offering, except the transfer of any security:

by operation of law or by reason of reorganization of our company;

to any FINRA member firm participating in the offering and the officers or partners thereof, if all securities so transferred remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period;

if the aggregate amount of securities of our company held by the holder of the placement agent Warrants or related person do not exceed 1% of the securities being offered;

that is beneficially owned on a pro-rata basis by all equity owners of an investment fund, provided that no participating member manages or otherwise directs investments by the fund, and participating members in the aggregate do not own more than 10% of the equity in the fund; or

the exercise or conversion of any security, if all securities received remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period.
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Upon closing of this offering, we will also pay Wainwright a non-accountable expense allowance for its expenses incurred in connection with this offering in an amount equal to the greater of 1% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the offering or $100,000. Upon completion of this offering, we have granted Wainwright a right of first refusal to act as exclusive lead underwriter or exclusive lead placement agent in connection with any subsequent public or private offering of equity securities or other capital markets financing by us. This right of first refusal extends for nine months from the closing date of this offering. The terms of any such engagement will be determined by separate agreement.
The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the sale of the securities by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. The placement agent will be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares of common stock by the placement agent. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent may not (i) engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and (ii) bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until they have completed their participation in the distribution.
We will indemnify the placement agent against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Reed Smith LLP, New York, New York will pass upon the validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for Wainright by Ellenoff, Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2014 included in this prospectus and in the registration statement have been so included in reliance on the report of BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm (the report on the financial statements contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern), appearing elsewhere herein and in the registration statement, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities we are offering to sell. This prospectus, which constitutes part of the registration statement, does not include all of the information contained in the registration statement and the exhibits, schedules and amendments to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and to the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus about the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference.
You may read and copy the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s public reference room, which is located at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You can request copies of the registration statement by writing to the Securities and Exchange Commission and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the SEC’s public reference room. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet website, which is located at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. You may access the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s Internet website.
We are subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available for inspection and copying at the public reference room and website of the SEC referred to above. We maintain a website at http://semlerscientific.com. You may access our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference in, and is not part of, this prospectus.
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Annual Financial Statements:
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
Interim Financial Statements:
F-20
F-21
F-22
F-23
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Portland, Oregon
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Semler Scientific, Inc. as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the related statements of operations, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Semler Scientific, Inc. as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and expects continuing future losses that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
New York, New York
February 13, 2015
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Balance Sheets
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
As of December 31,
2014
2013
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash
$ 4,156 $ 734
Restricted cash
2,100
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of  $51 and $15 respectively
355 228
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
135 47
Total current assets
6,746 1,009
Assets for lease, net
673 512
Property and equipment, net
9 1
Long-term deposits
17
Deferred financing costs
55 202
Total assets
$ 7,500 $ 1,724
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$ 89 $ 255
Accrued expenses
1,363 1,128
Deferred revenue
612 366
Equipment lease, current portion
47
Loans payable, current portion
2,000 60
Total current liabilities
4,064 1,856
Long-term liabilities:
Equipment lease, net of current portion
65
Loans payable, net of current portion
98
Total long-term liabilities
163
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Redeemable convertible preferred stock series A, $0.001 par value; 2,800,000 shares
authorized; 0, and 1,468,402 shares issued and outstanding, respectively; aggregate
liquidation preference of  $0, and $6,608, respectively
6,020
Redeemable convertible preferred stock series A-1, $0.001 par value; 800,000 shares authorized; 0, and 293,750 shares issued and outstanding, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of  $0 and $1,175, respectively
482
Redeemable convertible preferred stock series A-2, $0.001 par value; 400,000 shares authorized; 0, and 250,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of  $0 and $500, respectively
208
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 4,741,017, and 811,750 shares issued, and 4,716,017 and 786,750 shares outstanding (treasury shares of 25,000, and 25,000, respectively)
5 1
Additional paid-in capital
17,298 2,346
Accumulated deficit
(13,867) (9,352)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
3,436 (295)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
$ 7,500 $ 1,724
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Statements of Operations
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
For the year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Revenue
$ 3,635 $ 2,274
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue
692 469
Engineering and product development
1,113 356
Sales and marketing
3,723 2,256
General and administrative
2,448 1,317
Total operating expenses
7,976 4,398
Loss from operations
(4,341) (2,124)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense
(175) (108)
Other income (expense)
1 (1)
Other expense
(174) (109)
Net loss
$ (4,515) $ (2,233)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$ (1.10) $ (2.84)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted
loss per share
4,105,754 786,750
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock (Mezzanine)
Convertible Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Treasury stock
Series A
Series A
Amount
Series A
Series A
Amount
Series A-1
Series A-1
Amount
Series A-2
Series A-2
Amount
Shares
issued
Common
Stock
Amount
Shares
Amount
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Accumulated
deficit
Total
Stockholders’
Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2013
936,292 $ 3,602 293,750 $ 482 250,000 $ 208 811,750 $ 1 (25,000) $    — $ 2,853 $ (7,119) $ (3,575)
Elimination of redeemable right of Series A convertible preferred shares
(936,292) (3,602) 936,292 3,602 3,602
Elimination of redeemable right of warrants to buy Series A convertible preferred shares
31 31
Issuance of convertible preferred shares series A
532,110 2,409 2,409
Offering costs
(22) (648) (670)
Stock-based compensation
141 141
Net loss for 2013
(2,233) (2,233
Balance at December 31, 2013
$ 1,468,402 $ 6,020 293,750 $ 482 250,000 $ 208 811,750 $ 1 (25,000) $ $ 2,346 $ (9,352) $ (295)
Conversion of all Preferred classes to
common stock in IPO
(1,468,402) (6,020) (293,750) $ (482) (250,000) $ (208) 2,491,267 3 6,707
IPO funding
1,430,000 1 10,010 10,011
Offering costs
(1,959) (1,959)
Stock option exercise
8,000 4 4
Stock-based compensation
190 190
Net loss for 2014
(4,515) (4,515)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$ $ $ $ 4,741,017 $ 5 (25,000) $ $ 17,298 $ (13,867) $ 3,436
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
For the year ended December 31,
2014
2013
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Loss
$ (4,515) $ (2,233)
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Net Cash Used in Operating Activities:
Amortization of deferred financing costs
147 88
Depreciation
196 129
Loss on disposal of assets for lease
78 158
Allowance for doubtful accounts
128 90
Stock-based compensation expense
190 141
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable
(255) (243)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(106) (26)
Accounts payable
(167) 169
Accrued expenses
236 233
Deferred revenue
246 302
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
(3,822) (1,192)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to property and equipment
(9) (1)
Change in restricted cash
(2,100)
Purchase of assets for lease
(432) (440)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(2,541) (441)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of common stock
10,014
Issuance of convertible preferred stock
2,409
Offering costs
(1,959) (670)
Proceeds from loans payable
2,000
Payments of loans payable
(158) (60)
Payments of equipment leases
(112) (43)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
9,785 1,636
INCREASE IN CASH
3,422 3
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD
734 731
CASH, END OF PERIOD
$ 4,156 $ 734
Cash paid for income taxes
$ 1 $ 3
Cash paid for interest
$ 28 $ 17
Supplemental disclosure of noncash financing activity:
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock
$ 6,707 $
Re-class of warrant liability to equity
31
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
1.
The Company
Semler Scientific, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Oregon on August 9, 2007, established C-corporation status in 2012, and reincorporated as a Delaware corporation during 2013. The Company is an emerging medical risk-assessment company that develops, manufactures and markets patented products that assist healthcare providers in monitoring patients and evaluating chronic diseases. The Company’s first patented and FDA cleared product, FloChec® is used in the office setting to allow providers to measure arterial blood flow in the extremities. The Company received FDA 510(k) clearance for FloChec® in February 2010, began Beta testing in the third quarter of 2010, and started commercially leasing FloChec® in January 2011.
The Company has one operating segment and generates revenue domestically primarily through direct licensing to direct customers. Less than 25% of total revenue is generated through the Company’s distribution partners. The Company is based in Portland, Oregon.
2.
Going Concern
The Company has incurred recurring losses since inception and expects to continue to incur losses as a result of costs and expenses related to the Company’s marketing and other promotional activities, research and continued development of its product. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has working capital of $2,682, cash and restricted cash of  $6,256 (which includes $2,100 of restricted cash) and stockholders’ equity of  $3,436. The Company’s principal sources of cash have included the issuance of equity securities, and to a lesser extent, borrowings under loan agreements and revenue from leasing its product. To increase revenues, the Company’s operating expenses will continue to grow and, as a result, the Company will need to generate significant additional revenues to achieve profitability.
The Company’s financial statements as of December 31, 2014 have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional equity or debt financing, attain further operating efficiencies and, ultimately, to generate additional revenue. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The Company can give no assurances that additional capital that the Company is able to obtain, if any, will be sufficient to meet the Company’s needs. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital within the next twelve months to continue to fund operations at its current cash expenditure levels, the Company’s operations will need to be curtailed. The foregoing conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
3.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
Basis for Presentation
The Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Initial Public Offering
In February 2014, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) in which it issued and sold 1,430,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of  $7.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of  $7,403 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of  $848 and other offering expenses of approximately $1,759. The Company incurred $648 of the offering expenses in 2013, and incurred $1,959 of such expenses in the first quarter of 2014. The Company granted the underwriter an option to acquire an additional 214,500 shares of its common stock, which expired April 6, 2014 unexercised, and issued the underwriter warrants to acquire an aggregate of 71,500 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of  $8.75 per share, which become exercisable February 20, 2015 and expire
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
February 20, 2019. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of the Company’s then-outstanding Series A convertible Preferred Stock (1,468,402), Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock (293,750) and Series A-2 convertible Preferred Stock (250,000) automatically converted into an aggregate of 2,012,152 shares of common stock. In addition, the Company’s then outstanding warrants to acquire an aggregate of 1,067,210 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and 228,656 shares of Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock were cashlessly exercised at the IPO price for an aggregate of 479,115 shares of common stock. All other outstanding warrants of the Company became exercisable for common stock effective upon the IPO in accordance with their terms.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses, and related disclosures during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates include revenue recognition, legal contingencies, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of equipment on lease, deferred tax asset valuation allowance, stock-based compensation and valuation of warrants, common and convertible preferred stock. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors; however, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives its revenue predominately from licensing its FloChec® product to customers pursuant to agreements that automatically renew each month with revenue recognized on a daily convention basis. The Company’s arrangements with customers are normally on a month-to-month basis with FloChec® fees billed at the rates established in the customer agreement.
Restricted Cash
On September 30, 2014 the Company entered into a revolving credit line with First Republic Bank. Per the terms of this line of credit, the Company is required to keep a collateral cash account open with First Republic Bank. The cash balance of this collateral cash account must be a minimum of 105% of the total principal balance outstanding on the line of credit. As of December 31, 2014, the Company was in compliance with this requirement.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s assessment of the collectability of accounts. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of this allowance for doubtful accounts by considering historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, the credit quality of the customers, current economic conditions, and other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay to determine whether a specific allowance is appropriate. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when identified.
Assets for Lease
Assets for lease are recorded at cost. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, assets for lease consisted of FloChec® devices, which are leased to customers. The cost of such assets for lease is depreciated on a straight-line basis over 36 months for the units outstanding and recorded as cost of revenue.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
The Company regularly reviews whether facts and circumstances exist which indicate that the carrying amounts of assets, may not be recoverable or that the useful life of assets are shorter or longer than originally estimated. The Company assesses the recoverability of its assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset over their estimated remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. The Company considers factors such as estimated usage and expected lives of its assets for lease in this analysis. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no impairment indicators.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement, are described as follows:
Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, which requires the Company to develop its own models.
The financial instruments of the Company consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, loans and leases payable of the Company. The carrying amounts of these items are considered a reasonable estimate of fair value at December 31, 2014 and 2013 due to their short term nature and their market interest rate, which represents level 2 valuations.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents amounts billed to or collected from customers for which the related revenues have not been recognized because one or more of the revenue recognition criteria have not been met. The full amount is expected to be recognized as revenues within one year from the balance sheet date and, therefore, such deferred amounts have been classified as current liabilities in the balance sheets presented. The Company generally invoices its clients in advance of a rental period with payment due upon receipt of the invoice.
Deferred Financing Costs
In 2011, certain of the Company’s Directors personally guaranteed various loans or leases for the Company from First Republic Bank and U.S. Bancorp Business Equipment Finance Group, see Note 7. In consideration for the personal guarantees, these directors were given the opportunity to purchase fully vested warrants exercisable for common stock, which were determined to have a fair value of  $425 at issuance. The deferred financing costs are the fair value of the related warrants less the purchase price of the warrants. These financing costs were deferred and were being amortized over the term of the loan or lease obligation. The amount amortized to interest expense was $147 and $88 in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The leases were paid off early due to the opening of a new line of credit, resulting in acceleration of the expensing of the outstanding deferred financing costs in 2014. See Note 7.
Research and Development
The Company expenses costs related to the research and development associated with the design, development, testing and enhancement of the FloChec® product. Such expenses include salaries and related employee benefits, and fees paid to external service providers.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based awards. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the portion of each option grant or stock award that is expected to vest over the estimated period of service and vesting. The estimation of the fair value of each stock-based grant on the date of grant involves numerous assumptions by management. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model as the method for determining the estimated grant-date fair value of stock options. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions which determine the fair value of stock-based awards, including the option’s expected volatility and the price of the underlying stock. In addition, the Company estimates the forfeiture rate of such awards during the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the grant.
Employee Benefit Plan
The Company has a savings plan that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. There were no matching or discretionary employer contributions made to this plan during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences attributable to the differences between financial reporting and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and operating loss carry forwards, and they are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded for loss carry-forwards and other deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that such loss carry-forward and deferred tax asset will not be realized. The estimate for the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets requires management to make significant estimates and judgments about projected future operating results. If actual results differ from these projections or if management’s expectations of future results change, it may be necessary to adjust the valuation allowance.
Presentation of Prior Year Data
Certain reclassifications have been made to conform prior year data to the current presentation.
Net Loss per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by dividing the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods, respectively, without consideration for outstanding common stock equivalents because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalents are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share only if their effect is dilutive. For the periods presented, the Company’s outstanding common stock equivalents consisted of options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock, all of which are antidilutive, and therefore were not included in the calculation for diluted loss per share.
Excise Tax Liability on Medical Devices
Recognition of the excise tax liability falls under ASC 450, Contingencies, because the tax is assessed on revenues. The Company recognizes the excise tax when a rental payment is invoiced. Based on the guidance in ASC 605-45-50-3 and 50-4, these excise taxes are presented on a gross basis, included in revenue and general and administrative expenses. The excise tax is not an income tax.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
4.
Assets for lease, net
Assets for lease consist of the following:
As of December 31,
2014
2013
Assets for lease
$ 956 $ 688
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
(283) (176)
Assets for lease, net
$ 673 $ 512
Depreciation expense amounted to $194 and $129 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Reduction to accumulated depreciation for returned items was $87 and $46 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
5.
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
As of December 31,
2014
2013
Offering Costs
$ 407 $ 722
Compensation
721 264
Miscellaneous Accruals
235 142
Total Accrued Expenses
$ 1,363 $ 1,128
The accumulated offering costs that were accrued pertain to consulting fees associated with securing equity financing for the Company prior to the IPO. Prior to becoming Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the Company’s current CEO performed consulting services for the Company, which included managing finance, sales, marketing, operational and strategic planning for our company, as well as assistance and strategic guidance in securing financing.
6.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of loss from amounts owed by the financial counterparties. Credit risk can occur at multiple levels; as a result of broad economic conditions, challenges within specific sectors of the economy, or from issues affecting individual companies. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and accounts receivable.
The Company maintains cash with major financial institutions. The Company’s cash consist of bank deposits held with banks that, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company limits its credit risk by dealing with counterparties that are considered to be of high credit quality and by performing periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions.
Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers comprising the payer base. Management periodically monitors the creditworthiness of its customers and believes that it has adequately provided for any exposure to potential credit loss. For the year ended December 31, 2013, there were two customers representing invoicing greater than 10% of all customers, 18.18% and 13.08%, respectively. As of December 31, 2013 there was one customer with an accounts receivable balance in excess of 10% of the total. That customer had 17.57% of the total balance, which amount was paid in full. For the year ended December 31, 2014, there were two customers representing invoicing greater than 10% of all customers, 19.82% and 12.12%, respectively. As of December 31, 2014 there were two customers with accounts receivable balances in excess of 10% of the total, 19.4% and 13.3%, respectively. Both balances have been paid as of the date of this annual report.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
7.
Commitments and Contingencies
Facilities Leases
The Company had no material facilities leases for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 and had no rent expense for such years. On September 23, 2014, the Company entered into a 36-month lease agreement for office space for the sales and marketing team located in Menlo Park, CA. The lease term commenced February 1, 2015 and is effective through January 31, 2018. Payments required under the terms of the lease are $17.0 per month from February 2015 to January 2016, $17.5 per month from February 2016 to January 2017, and $18.0 per month from February 2017 to January 2018. The Company anticipates total future lease payments of  $186.6 for the year ended December 31, 2015; $209.1 for the year ended December 31, 2016; $215.4 for the year ended December 31, 2017; and $18.0 for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Equipment Leases and Loans Payable
On February 9, 2011, the Company entered into an Equipment Finance Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Business Equipment Finance Group. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company obtained a $39 secured loan for a 48-month term that had an annual fixed interest rate of 13%. The loan was secured by the related leased equipment. Under the agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $1 of principal plus any accrued interest. The agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a Company director and a principal stockholder of the Company. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has retired this facility. At December 31, 2013, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $13.
On May 27, 2011, the Company entered into an Equipment Finance Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Business Equipment Finance Group. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company obtained a $109 secured loan for a 60-month term that had an annual fixed interest rate of 6%. The loan was secured by the related leased equipment. Under the Agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $2 of principal plus any accrued interest. The Agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a Company director and a principal stockholder of the Company. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has retired this facility. At December 31, 2013, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $57.
At various dates in 2011, the Company entered into Lease Agreements with Lease Corporation of America. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company obtained an aggregate amount of  $66 for a 60-month term that had variable annual interest rates of approximately 14%. The leases were secured by the related leased equipment. Under the agreements, the Company made monthly payments of approximately $1 of principal plus any accrued interest. The agreements provided for customary events of default. The leases were personally guaranteed by a principal stockholder of the Company. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has retired this facility. At December 31, 2013, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $42.
On June 17, 2011, the Company entered into a loan agreement with First Republic Bank. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company obtained a $150 secured loan for a 60-month term that had a variable interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime plus a spread of 1.75% p.a. and a floor of 3.25% p.a. The initial interest rate was 5% p.a. Under the loan agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $3 of principal plus any accrued interest. The loan agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a principal stockholder of the Company. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has retired this loan agreement. At December 31, 2013, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $75.
On September 13, 2011, the Company entered into an additional loan agreement with First Republic Bank. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company obtained a $150 loan for a 60-month term that had a variable annual interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime plus a spread of 1.75% and a floor of 3.25%.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
The initial interest rate was 5%. Under the loan agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $3 of principal plus any accrued interest. The loan agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a principal stockholder of the Company. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has retired this loan agreement. At December 31, 2013, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $83.
On September 30, 2014, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit with First Republic Bank. Pursuant to the line of credit agreement, the Company may borrow up to $2,000 for a 12-month term that has a variable annual interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime less a spread of 2.0% p.a. The initial interest rate is 1.25% p.a. Under the line of credit agreement, the Company will make monthly payments consisting of  $2 of interest, and an annual payment consisting of  $2,002 principal plus any accrued interest. The line of credit agreement provides for customary events of default. This line of credit is secured by a $2,100 collateral cash account in the Company’s name at First Republic. As of December 31, 2014, the Company was in compliance with the material terms of this facility. At December 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $2,000. The line of credit matures September 30, 2015. Accordingly, the entire amount is classified as short-term.
Interest expense under these obligations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $28 and $20, respectively.
Indemnification Obligations
The Company enters into agreements with customers, partners, lenders, consultants, lessors, contractors, sales representatives and parties to certain transactions in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. These agreements may require the Company to indemnify the other party against third party claims alleging that its product infringes a patent or copyright. Certain of these agreements require the Company to indemnify the other party against losses arising from: a breach of representations or covenants, claims relating to property damage, personal injury or acts or omissions of the Company, its employees, agents or representatives. The Company has also agreed to indemnify the directors and certain of the officers and employees in accordance with the by-laws of the Company. These indemnification provisions will vary based upon the nature and terms of the agreements. In many cases, these indemnification provisions do not contain limits on the Company’s liability, and the occurrence of contingent events that will trigger payment under these indemnities is difficult to predict. As a result, the Company cannot estimate its potential liability under these indemnities. The Company believes that the likelihood of conditions arising that would trigger these indemnities is remote and, historically, the Company had not made any significant payment under such indemnification provisions. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liabilities relating to these agreements. In certain cases, the Company has recourse against third parties with respect to the aforesaid indemnities, and the Company believes it maintains adequate levels of insurance coverage to protect the Company with respect to potential claims arising from such agreements.
8.
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Authorized Capital
In connection with the conversion to a Delaware corporation, during the quarter ended September 30, 2013, the Company’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated to authorize the Company to issue up to 54,000,000 shares, of which 50,000,000 shares were designated as common stock with par value of  $0.001 per share and 4,000,000 shares were designated as convertible preferred stock with par value of $0.001 par value per share. The authorized preferred stock for all periods presented is as follows: (i) 2,800,000 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock, (ii) 800,000 shares of Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock, and (iii) 400,000 shares of Series A-2 convertible Preferred Stock.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
A.
Common Stock
Issuance of Common Stock
There were no issuances of common stock during 2013. In February 2014, the Company completed its IPO in which it issued and sold 1,430,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of  $7.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of  $7,403 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of  $848 and other offering expenses of approximately $1,759. The Company incurred $648 of the offering expenses in 2013, and incurred $1,959 of such expenses in the first quarter of 2014. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of the Company’s then-outstanding Series A convertible Preferred Stock (1,468,402), Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock (293,750) and Series A-2 convertible Preferred Stock (250,000) automatically converted into an aggregate of 2,012,152 shares of common stock.
Voting Rights of Common Stock
Each holder of shares of Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share held.
Common Stock Warrants
There were no issuances of common stock warrants during 2013. In February 2014, in connection with the closing of the IPO, the Company’s then outstanding warrants to acquire an aggregate of 1,067,210 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and 228,656 shares of Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock were cashlessly exercised at the IPO price for an aggregate of 479,115 shares of common stock. All other then outstanding warrants of the Company became exercisable for 288,214 shares of common stock effective upon the IPO in accordance with their terms. In addition, the Company issued the underwriter for its IPO warrants to acquire an aggregate of 71,500 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of  $8.75 per share, which become exercisable February 20, 2015 and expire February 20, 2019.
Common Stock
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, a total of 1,009,214 and 3,933,732 shares of common stock, respectively, were reserved for issuance upon (i) conversion of outstanding convertible preferred stock, (ii) exercise of convertible preferred or common stock warrants, and (iii) the exercise of outstanding stock options, as follows:
Year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Convertible preferred stock
2,012,152
Preferred stock warrants
1,584,080
Common stock warrants
359,714
Options
649,500 337,500
Total
1,009,214 3,933,732
B.
Convertible Preferred Stock
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, the Company issued 532,110 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and 298,242 warrants to buy shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share with a three year term to accredited investors for an aggregate purchase price of  $2,409. The Company recorded offering costs relating to these purchases amounting to $22 as a charge to additional paid in capital.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
C.
Offering Costs Associated With IPO
During the year ended December 31, 2013 the Company incurred a total of  $648 of offering costs associated with IPO efforts, of which $456 was paid prior to the end of 2013. The Company incurred $1,959 of such expenses in the first quarter of 2014, all of which have been paid as of the date of this annual report.
9.
Stock Option Plan
The Company’s stock-based compensation program is designed to attract and retain employees while also aligning employees’ interests with the interests of its stockholders. Stock options have been granted to employees under the stockholder-approved 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan (“2007 Plan”) or the stockholder-approved 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”). Stockholder approval of the 2014 Plan became effective in September 2014. The 2014 Plan provides that the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2014 Plan may not exceed 450,000 shares (the “Share Reserve”). However, the Share Reserve automatically increases on January 1st of each year, for a period of not more than 10 years, beginning on January 1st of the year following the year in which the 2014 Plan became effective and ending on (and including) January 1, 2024, in an amount equal to 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year. The Company’s Board of Directors may act prior to January 1st of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1st increase in the Share Reserve for such year or that the increase in the Share Reserve for such year will be a lesser number of shares of common stock than would otherwise occur. The Share Reserve is currently 468,000 shares for the year ending December 31, 2015.
In light of stockholder approval of the 2014 Plan, the Company will no longer grant equity awards under the 2007 Plan. As of December 31, 2014, 0 shares of an aggregate total of 407,500 shares were available for future stock-based compensation grants under the 2007 Plan and 200,000 shares of an aggregate total of 450,000 shares were available for future stock-based compensation grants under the 2014 Plan.
Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing market value as of December 31, 2014 of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for 2014 and 2013 is as follows:
Options Outstanding
Number of
Stock Options
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (In Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2013
337,500 $ 1.82 7.20 $ 0
Options granted
Balance, December 31, 2013
337,500 $ 0.52 6.16 $ 2,693
Options granted
320,000 2.48
Options exercised
(8,000) 0.52
$
17
Balance, December 31, 2014
649,500 $ 1.49 7.44 $ 474
Exercisable as of December 31, 2013
337,500 $ 0.52 6.16 $ 2,693
Exercisable as of December 31, 2014
399,552 $ 1.10 6.01 $ 474
The total compensation cost related to unvested stock option awards not yet recognized was $332 and $0 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The weighted average period over which the total unrecognized compensation cost related to these unvested stock awards is 3.86 years. The total estimated grant date fair value of unvested options was $332 and $0 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
The total estimated grant date fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $190 and $81, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2014 is $1.63 per share or an aggregate grant date fair value of  $523. There were no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2013.
In June 2013, the Company accelerated the vesting of all then outstanding stock options, and as a result, all of the then outstanding 337,500 stock options granted under the 2007 Plan were vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2013. Stock-based compensation expense of  $141 was recorded at the time of the acceleration to account for all the remaining unrecognized compensation costs. For the year ended December 31, 2013, there were no grants, exercises, or cancellations of stock options.
On July 24, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors granted 70,000 stock options under the 2007 Plan. These options were 100% vested and exercisable at the date of issue. The Company has recorded $178 of stock based compensation expense associated with these grants. During 2014, there were 70,000 grants, 8,000 exercised, and no cancelations of stock options under the 2007 Plan.
On November 11, 2014 the Company’s Board of Directors granted options to acquire an aggregate of 250,000 shares under the 2014 Plan. The options vest on a monthly schedule over 48 months such that they are vested in full on the four-year anniversary of the grant date. The Company has recorded $12 of stock based compensation expense associated with these grants. As of December 31, 2014 there were 250,000 grants, no exercises and no cancelations of stock options under the 2014 Plan.
Determining the Fair Value of Stock Options
The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of the grant. The fair value of the options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model and the following assumptions for the periods presented:
Year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Expected term (in years)
5
Risk-free interest rate
1.6%
Expected volatility
82.2%
Expected dividend rate
0%
The assumptions are based on the following for each of the years presented:
Valuation Method — The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Expected Term — The Company estimates the expected term consistent with the simplified method identified by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Company elected to use the simplified method because of its limited history of stock option exercise activity and its stock options meet the criteria of the “plain-vanilla” options as defined by the SEC. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the vesting and contractual terms of the award.
Volatility — Since the Company has no trading history by which to determine the volatility of its own common stock price, the expected volatility being used is derived from the historical stock volatilities of a representative industry peer group of comparable publicly listed companies over a period approximately equal to the expected term of the options.
Risk-free Interest Rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on median U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term on the options.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
Expected Dividend — The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.
Forfeiture — The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. All stock-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. If the Company’s actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period.
The Company has recorded an expense of  $190 and $141 as it relates to stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, which was allocated as follows based on the role and responsibility of the recipient in the Company:
Year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Cost of Revenue
$ 1 $
Engineering and Product Development
1 3
Sales and Marketing
4 21
General and Administrative
184 117
Total
$ 190 $ 141
10.
Income Taxes
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
2014
2013
Current tax provision:
Federal
$ $  —
State
9
Deferred tax provision:
Federal
State
Total
$ 9 $
A summary of the differences between the Company’s effective income tax rate and the Federal statutory income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:
2014
2013
Federal statutory rate
34.00% 34.00%
State income tax rate, net of federal benefit
(0.13)% 0.01%
Change in valuation allowance
(33.62)% (34.03)%
Other
(0.45)% 0.04%
Effective income tax rate
(0.20)% 0.02%
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following at December 31:
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards
$ 2,966 $ 1,562
Deferred Revenue
233 144
Depreciation and amortization
47 58
Stock-based compensation
163 93
Accrual and reserve
25 37
Research and Development Credits
106 11
Total gross deferred tax assets
3,540 1,905
Less valuation allowance
(3,540) (1,905)
Net deferred tax assets
$ $
As of December 31, 2014, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $8,200 for Federal and $2,800 for California, which begin to expire in 2032. The Company also has Federal research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $100 at December 31, 2014 which begin to expire in 2032.
ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.
The Company’s ability to use operating loss carryforwards and tax credits to offset future taxable income is subject to restrictions under Section 382 of the United States Internal Revenue Code (the “Internal Revenue Code”). The annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code is approximately $1,200 based on the stock market value of the Company established on the date of the IPO in February 2014. Future changes in stock ownership may occur that would create further limitations on the Company’s use of t operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. In such a situation, the Company may be required to pay income taxes, even though significant operating loss carryforwards and tax credits might exist.
As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits and no adjustments to liabilities or operations were required for uncertain tax positions under ASC 740-10. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalty expenses related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense, which was zero for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and several state tax jurisdictions.
The Company’s tax years beginning 2010 remain open for examination by the federal and state tax authorities for three and four years, respectively. Tax years beginning 2012 will remain open for examination from the date of utilization of any net operating loss or credits. The Company does not have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease within 12 months of the year-ended December 31, 2014.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
11.
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share:
Year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Net loss
$ (4,515) $ (2,233)
Weighted average shares outstanding
4,105,754 786,750
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders
$ (1.10) $ (2.84)
Because the Company was in a loss position for each of the periods presented, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for each period as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. The following weighted average shares outstanding of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:
Year ended December 31,
2014
2013
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Convertible preferred stock
1,614,531
Convertible preferred stock warrants
1,361,218
Common stock warrants
304,373
Options
403,662 337,500
Total
708,035 3,313,249
12.
Subsequent Events
On January 1, 2015, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer received a stock option grant for 75,000 shares under the 2014 Plan. The options vest on a monthly schedule over 48 months such that they are vested in full on the four-year anniversary of the grant date.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Semler Scientific, Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
March 31,
2015
December 31,
2014
(Unaudited)
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash
$ 3,061 $ 4,156
Restricted Cash
2,100 2,100
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of  $54 and $28, respectively
356 355
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
144 135
Total current assets
5,661 6,746
Assets for lease, net
662 673
Property and equipment, net
26 9
Long-term deposits
17 17
Deferred financing costs
37 55
Total assets
$ 6,403 $ 7,500
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
$ 89 $ 89
Accrued expenses
1,226 1,363
Deferred revenue
493 612
Loans payable
2,000 2,000
Total current liabilities
3,808 4,064
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 4,858,517 and
4,741,017 shares issued, and 4,833,517 and 4,716,017 outstanding (net of
treasury shares of 25,000 and 25,000), respectively
5 5
Additional paid-in capital
17,829 17,298
Accumulated deficit
(15,239) (13,867)
Total stockholders’ equity
2,595 3,436
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$ 6,403 $ 7,500
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Three months ended March 31,
2015
2014
(Unaudited)
Revenue
$ 1,202 $ 837
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue
220 155
Engineering and product development
309 229
Sales and marketing
1,228 746
General and administrative
793 497
Total operating expenses
2,550 1,627
Loss from operations
(1,348) (790)
Other expense:
Interest and other expense
(24) (27)
Other expense
(24) (27)
Net loss
$ (1,372) $ (817)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$ (0.29) $ (0.36)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share
4,763,573 2,240,703
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31,
2015
2014
(Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
$ (1,372) $ (817)
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Net Cash Used in Operating Activities:
Amortization of deferred financing costs
18 23
Depreciation
59 47
Loss on disposal of assets for lease
25 16
Allowance for doubtful accounts
51 50
Stock-based compensation expense
33
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable
(52) 21
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(9) (176)
Accounts payable
(116)
Accrued expenses
(137) 58
Deferred revenue
(119) (132)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
(1,503) (1,026)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to property and equipment
(19) (4)
Purchase of assets for lease
(71) (116)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(90) (120)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of common stock
498 10,010
Offering costs
(1,959)
Payments of loans payable
(15)
Payments of equipment leases
(12)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
498 8,024
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
(1,095) 6,878
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD
4,156 734
CASH, END OF PERIOD
$ 3,061 $ 7,612
Cash paid for interest
$ 8 $ 4
Supplemental disclosure of noncash financing activity:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock
$ $ 6,707
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed financial statements.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
1.
Basis of Presentation
Semler Scientific, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Semler” or “the Company”), prepared the unaudited interim financial statements included in this report in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 13, 2015 (the “Annual Report”). The balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 included in this report has been derived from the audited financial statements included in the Annual Report. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period, including the full year. Items in prior year financial statements have been adjusted to conform with the current year presentation.
Initial Public Offering
In February 2014, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) in which it issued and sold 1,430,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of  $7.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of  $7,403 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of  $848 and other offering expenses of approximately $1,759. The Company incurred $648 of the offering expenses in 2013, and incurred $1,959 of such expenses in the first quarter of 2014. The Company granted the underwriter an overallotment option to acquire an additional 214,500 shares of its common stock, which expired April 6, 2014 unexercised, and issued the underwriter warrants to acquire an aggregate of 71,500 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of  $8.75 per share, which became exercisable February 20, 2015 and expire February 20, 2019. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of the Company’s then-outstanding Series A convertible Preferred Stock (1,468,402), Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock (293,750) and Series A-2 convertible Preferred Stock (250,000) automatically converted into an aggregate of 2,012,152 shares of common stock. In addition, the Company’s then outstanding warrants to acquire an aggregate of 1,067,210 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and 228,656 shares of Series A-1 convertible Preferred Stock were cashlessly exercised at the IPO price for an aggregate of 479,115 shares of common stock. All other outstanding warrants of the Company became exercisable for common stock effective upon the IPO in accordance with their terms.
2.
Going Concern
The Company has incurred recurring losses since inception and expects to continue to incur losses as a result of costs and expenses related to the Company’s marketing and other promotional activities, research and continued development of its product. As of March 31, 2015, the Company has working capital of $1,853, cash and restricted cash of  $5,161 (which includes $2,100 of restricted cash) and stockholders’ equity of  $2,595. The Company’s principal sources of cash have included the issuance of equity securities, and to a lesser extent, borrowings under loan agreements and revenue from leasing its product. To increase revenues, the Company’s operating expenses will continue to grow and, as a result, the Company will need to generate significant additional revenues to achieve profitability. In order to execute on its business plan, and given current available cash, the Company anticipates that it will need to raise additional capital.
The Company’s financial statements as of March 31, 2015 have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional equity or debt financing, attain further operating efficiencies and, ultimately, to generate additional revenue. The financial statements do not include any adjustments
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The Company can give no assurances that additional capital that the Company is able to obtain, if any, will be sufficient to meet the Company’s needs. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital within the next twelve months to continue to fund operations at its current cash expenditure levels, the Company’s operations will need to be curtailed. The foregoing conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
3.
Assets for Lease
Assets for lease consist of the following:
March 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
Assets for lease
$ 988 $ 956
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
(326) (283)
Assets for lease, net
$ 662 $ 673
Depreciation expense amounted to $57 and $47 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014, respectively. Reduction to accumulated depreciation for returned items was $14 and $16 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014, respectively.
4.
Deferred Financing Costs
As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, deferred financing costs have the net amounts of  $37 and $55, respectively. The amounts amortized to interest expense were $18 and $23 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014, respectively. Per details in Note 6, leases were paid off early due to the opening of a new line of credit, resulting in acceleration of the expensing of the outstanding deferred financing costs.
5.
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
March 31, 2015
December 31, 2014
Offering Costs
$ 317 $ 407
Compensation
569 721
Miscellaneous Accruals
340 235
Total Accrued Expenses
$ 1,226 $ 1,363
The accumulated offering costs that were accrued pertain to consulting fees associated with securing equity financing for the Company prior to the IPO. Prior to becoming Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the Company’s current CEO performed consulting services for the Company, which included managing finance, sales, marketing, operational and strategic planning for our company, as well as assistance and strategic guidance in securing financing.
6.
Commitments and Contingencies
Facilities Leases
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company recognized $32 in facilities lease expense. The Company had no material facilities leases for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and had no rent expense for such period. On September 23, 2014, the Company entered into a 36-month lease agreement for office space for the sales and marketing team located in Menlo Park, CA. The lease term commenced February 1, 2015 and is effective through January 31, 2018. Payments required under the terms of the lease are $17.0 per month from February 2015 to January 2016, $17.5 per month from February 2016 to January
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
2017, and $18.0 per month from February 2017 to January 2018. The Company anticipates total future lease payments of  $186.6 for the year ended December 31, 2015; $209.1 for the year ended December 31, 2016; $215.4 for the year ended December 31, 2017; and $18.0 for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Equipment Leases and Loans Payable
On February 9, 2011, the Company entered into an Equipment Finance Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Business Equipment Finance Group. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company obtained a $39 secured loan for a 48-month term that had an annual fixed interest rate of 13%. The loan was secured by the related leased equipment. Under the agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $1 of principal plus any accrued interest. The agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a Company director and a principal stockholder of the Company. This facility was retired in September 2014. At March 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $10.
On May 27, 2011, the Company entered into an Equipment Finance Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Business Equipment Finance Group. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company obtained a $109 secured loan for a 60-month term that had an annual fixed interest rate of 6%. The loan was secured by the related leased equipment. Under the Agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $2 of principal plus any accrued interest. The Agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a Company director and a principal stockholder of the Company. This facility was retired in September 2014. At March 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $50.
At various dates in 2011, the Company entered into Lease Agreements with Lease Corporation of America. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company obtained an aggregate amount of  $66 for a 60-month term that had variable annual interest rates of approximately 14%. The leases were secured by the related leased equipment. Under the agreements, the Company made monthly payments of approximately $1 of principal plus any accrued interest. The agreements provided for customary events of default. The leases were personally guaranteed by a principal stockholder of the Company. This facility was retired in September 2014. At March 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $40.
On June 17, 2011, the Company entered into a loan agreement with First Republic Bank. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company obtained a $150 secured loan for a 60-month term that had a variable interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime plus a spread of 1.75% p.a. and a floor of 3.25% p.a. The initial interest rate was 5% p.a. Under the loan agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $3 of principal plus any accrued interest. The loan agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a principal stockholder of the Company. This loan agreement was retired in September 2014. At March 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $68.
On September 13, 2011, the Company entered into an additional loan agreement with First Republic Bank. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the Company obtained a $150 loan for a 60-month term that had a variable annual interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime plus a spread of 1.75% and a floor of 3.25%. The initial interest rate was 5%. Under the loan agreement, the Company made monthly payments consisting of  $3 of principal plus any accrued interest. The loan agreement provided for customary events of default. This loan was personally guaranteed by a principal stockholder of the Company. This loan agreement was retired in September 2014. At March 31, 2014, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $75.
On September 30, 2014, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit with First Republic Bank. Pursuant to the line of credit agreement, the Company may borrow up to $2,000 for a 12-month term that has a variable annual interest rate based on First Republic’s Prime less a spread of 2.0% p.a. The initial interest rate is 1.25% p.a. Under the line of credit agreement, the Company will make monthly payments consisting of  $2 of interest, and an annual payment consisting of  $2,002 principal plus any accrued interest. The line of credit agreement provides for customary events of default. This line of credit is secured by a
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
$2,100 collateral cash account in the Company’s name at First Republic. As of March 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with the material terms of this facility. At March 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding borrowings of  $2,000. The line of credit matures September 30, 2015. Accordingly, the entire amount is classified as short-term.
Interest expense under these obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $6 and $4, respectively.
Indemnification Obligations
The Company enters into agreements with customers, partners, lenders, consultants, lessors, contractors, sales representatives and parties to certain transactions in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. These agreements may require the Company to indemnify the other party against third party claims alleging that its product infringes a patent or copyright. Certain of these agreements require the Company to indemnify the other party against losses arising from: a breach of representations or covenants, claims relating to property damage, personal injury or acts or omissions of the Company, its employees, agents or representatives. The Company has also agreed to indemnify the directors and certain of the officers and employees in accordance with the by-laws of the Company. These indemnification provisions will vary based upon the nature and terms of the agreements. In many cases, these indemnification provisions do not contain limits on the Company’s liability, and the occurrence of contingent events that will trigger payment under these indemnities is difficult to predict. As a result, the Company cannot estimate its potential liability under these indemnities. The Company believes that the likelihood of conditions arising that would trigger these indemnities is remote and, historically, the Company had not made any significant payment under such indemnification provisions. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liabilities relating to these agreements. In certain cases, the Company has recourse against third parties with respect to the aforesaid indemnities, and the Company believes it maintains adequate levels of insurance coverage to protect the Company with respect to potential claims arising from such agreements.
7.
Net Loss Per Common Share
Because the Company was in a loss position for each of the periods presented, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for each period as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive:
Three Months ended March 31,
2015
2014
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Convertible preferred stock
1,266,072
Convertible preferred stock warrants
996,724
Common stock warrants
359,714 133,377
Options
717,548 337,500
Total
1,077,262 2,733,673
8.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company’s stock-based compensation program is designed to attract and retain employees while also aligning employees’ interests with the interests of its stockholders. Stock options have been granted to employees under the stockholder-approved 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan (“2007 Plan”) or the stockholder-approved 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”). Stockholder approval of the 2014 Plan
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
became effective in September 2014. The 2014 Plan provides that the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2014 Plan may not exceed 450,000 shares (the “Share Reserve”). However, the Share Reserve automatically increases on January 1st of each year, for a period of not more than 10 years, beginning on January 1st of the year following the year in which the 2014 Plan became effective and ending on (and including) January 1, 2024, in an amount equal to 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year. The Company’s Board of Directors may act prior to January 1st of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1st increase in the Share Reserve for such year or that the increase in the Share Reserve for such year will be a lesser number of shares of common stock than would otherwise occur. The Share Reserve is currently 638,640 shares for the year ending December 31, 2015.
In light of stockholder approval of the 2014 Plan, the Company will no longer grant equity awards under the 2007 Plan. As of March 31, 2015, 0 shares of an aggregate total of 407,500 shares were available for future stock-based compensation grants under the 2007 Plan and 332,390 shares of an aggregate total of 638,640 shares were available for future stock-based compensation grants under the 2014 Plan.
Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing market value as of March 31, 2015 of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
Options Outstanding
Number of
Stock Options
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(In Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2015
649,500 $ 1.49 7.44 $ 474
Options granted
75,000 1.96
Options canceled
(18,750) 2.10
Balance, March 31, 2015
705,750 $ 1.52 7.40 $ 1,421
Exercisable as of March 31, 2015
432,729 $ 1.18 5.98 $ 1,029
The total compensation cost related to unvested stock option awards not yet recognized was $377 and $0 as of March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The weighted average period over which the total unrecognized compensation cost related to these unvested stock awards is 1.55 years. The total estimated grant date fair value of unvested options was $377 and $0 as of March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total estimated grant date fair value of options vested during the quarters ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $33 and $0, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the quarter ended March 31, 2015 is $1.38 per share or an aggregate grant date fair value of  $104. There were no options granted during the quarter ended March 31, 2014.
On January 1, 2015 the Company’s Board of Directors granted an option to acquire an aggregate of 75,000 shares under the 2014 Plan. The options vest on a monthly schedule over 48 months such that they are vested in full on the four-year anniversary of the grant date. As of March 31, 2015 there were 325,000 grants, no exercises and 18,750 cancelations of stock options under the 2014 Plan.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Determining the Fair Value of Stock Options
The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of the grant. The fair value of the options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model and the following assumptions for the periods presented:
Quarter ended March 31,
2015
2014
Expected term (in years)
5
Risk-free interest rate
1.61%
Expected volatility
82.5%
Expected dividend rate
0%
The assumptions are based on the following for each of the years presented:
Valuation Method — The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Expected Term — The Company estimates the expected term consistent with the simplified method identified by the SEC. The Company elected to use the simplified method because of its limited history of stock option exercise activity and its stock options meet the criteria of the “plain-vanilla” options as defined by the SEC. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the vesting and contractual terms of the award.
Volatility — Because the Company has limited trading history by which to determine the volatility of its own common stock price, the expected volatility being used is derived from the historical stock volatilities of a representative industry peer group of comparable publicly listed companies over a period approximately equal to the expected term of the options.
Risk-free Interest Rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on median U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term on the options.
Expected Dividend — The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and therefore, used an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation model.
Forfeiture — The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. All stock-based payment awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods. If the Company’s actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period.
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Semler Scientific, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The Company has recorded an expense of  $33 and $0 as it relates to stock-based compensation for the quarters ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which was allocated as follows based on the role and responsibility of the recipient in the Company:
Three months ended March 31,
2015
2014
Cost of Revenue
$ 1 $
Engineering and Product Development
2
Sales and Marketing
15
General and Administrative
15
Total
$ 33 $
9.
Subsequent Events
On April 1, 2015, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 143,000 shares of its common stock to an accredited investor, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement for an aggregate purchase price of  $500,500, which was paid in cash.
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[MISSING IMAGE: lg_semlersci.jpg]
UP TO              SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
PROSPECTUS
H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO.
           , 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART II
Information Not Required in Prospectus
ITEM 13.   Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the registrant, other than estimated placement agent fees, in connection with our public offering. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee:
Item
Amount to be paid
SEC registration fee
$ 1,264
FINRA filing fee
2,000
Printing and engraving expenses
*
Legal fees and expenses
*
Accounting fees and expenses
*
Blue Sky, qualification fees and expenses
*
Transfer Agent fees and expenses
*
Miscellaneous expenses
*
Total
$ *
*
To be provided in amendment.
ITEM 14.   Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Delaware General Corporation Law.   The registrant is a Delaware corporation. Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) enables a corporation to eliminate or limit the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of the director’s fiduciary duty, except:

for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;

for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

pursuant to Section 174 of the DGCL (providing for liability of directors for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions); or

for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
In accordance with Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, the registrant’s certificate of incorporation includes a provision eliminating, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, the liability of the registrant’s directors to the registrant or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary as director. If the DGCL is subsequently amended to further eliminate or limit the liability of a director, then a director of the registrant, in addition to the circumstances in which a director is not personally liable as set forth in provision described in the preceding sentence, will not be liable to the fullest extent permitted by the amended DGCL.
Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the DGCL provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal
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action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. Section 145 of the DGCL further provides that a corporation similarly may indemnify any such person serving in any such capacity who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses that the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
Certificate of Incorporation.   The registrant’s certificate of incorporation contains provisions that provide that the registrant will indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any officer or director who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the registrant or, while a director or officer of the registrant, is or was serving at the request of the registrant as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by the director or officer. The registrant shall pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the director or officer in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, to the extent required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the director or officer to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified.
The DGCL provides that the indemnification described above shall not be deemed exclusive of any other indemnification that may be granted by a corporation pursuant to its by-laws, disinterested directors’ vote, stockholders’ vote, agreement or otherwise.
Insurance Policies.   The DGCL also provides corporations with the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation in a similar capacity for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability as described above. The registrant has directors and officer’s liability insurance in an amount of  $3 million for loss plus an additional $1 million for associated costs, charges and expenses associated with the loss.
Indemnification Agreements.   We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers in furtherance of the indemnification provided in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. These agreements are intended to indemnify our directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
ITEM 15.   Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 532,110 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock and warrants to acquire an aggregate of 298,241 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock for an aggregate gross purchase price of  $2,409,404. The participants in the foregoing equity financing included certain of our current and former directors, officers and holders of more than 5% of our capital stock or entities affiliated with them.
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During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 111,112 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to an accredited investor for which a former director of our company and one of our principal stockholders, Mr. William H.C. Chang, is one of the co-trustees, for an aggregate purchase price of  $500,004 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to an accredited investor for which a former director of our company and one of our principal stockholders, Mr. William H.C. Chang, is one of the co-trustees, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 38,889 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $4 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 116,667 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to two accredited investors for which Mr. Dinesh Gupta, a former director, is a general partner or a trustee respectively, for an aggregate purchase price of  $525,001 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to two accredited investors for which Mr. Dinesh Gupta, a former director, is a general partner or a trustee respectively, two warrants to purchase an aggregate of 40,833 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $3,695 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D., our chief executive officer and a director of our company, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 60,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $6,000 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 23,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Elliot Sainer, a former director, for an aggregate purchase price of  $103,500 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to Mr. Elliot A. Sainer, a former director, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 8,050 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of $4.50 per share, which warrant expires 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $1 in cash.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we issued to Mr. Greg S. Garfield, who later was appointed a director, a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 12,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of  $4.50 per share, which warrants expire 3 years from the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price of  $1,200 in cash.
On February 24, 2015, a family trust of which William H.C. Chang, a former director and one of our principal stockholders, is a co-Trustee acquired an aggregate of 55,000 shares of our common stock in a private placement pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with us dated February 24, 2015, at a price per share of  $4.52, the consolidated closing bid price on the date of the agreement. Such shares were acquired using personal funds (approximately $248,600).
On March 2, 2015, a family trust of which William H.C. Chang, a former director and one of our principal stockholders, is a co-Trustee acquired an aggregate of 62,500 shares of our common stock in a private placement pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with us dated March 2, 2015, at a price per share of  $4.10. Such shares were acquired using personal funds (approximately $250,000).
On April 1, 2015, we issued and sold an aggregate of 143,000 shares of our common stock to an accredited investor and significant stockholder, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement for an aggregate purchase price of  $500,500.
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ITEM 16.   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Exhibits.   The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated by reference.
Exhibit
Number
Description
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Semler Scientific, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
3.2 Bylaws of Semler Scientific, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
4.1 Specimen Common Stock certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our Form S-1/A Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2013).
4.2 Form of Investor Rights Agreement of Semler Scientific, Inc., dated June 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
5.1* Opinion of Reed Smith LLP.
10.1 Form of Common Stock Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.2 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.3 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.4 At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Robert G. McRae, dated November 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.5 At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Daniel E. Conger, dated October 18, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.6 At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D., dated November 11, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.7 Sales Representative Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D. effective as of January 1, 2013(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 1 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2013).
10.8 Service & Supply Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Phoenix DeVentures, Inc. dated as of April 28, 2011(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 1 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2013).
10.9 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, dated August 26, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of
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Exhibit
Number
Description
our Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 2, 2014).
10.10 Form of Indemnification Agreement, approved and entered into between the Company and each of the Company’s directors and executive officers as of July 24, 2014 (incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 29, 2014).
10.11 Amended and Restated Consulting Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and The Brenner Group, Inc., effective as of June 18, 2014 (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 19, 2014).
10.12* Placement Agency Agreement, dated            , 2015 between Semler Scientific, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.
10.13* Form of Placement Agent’s Warrant.
23.1 Consent of BDO USA, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.
23.2* Consent of Reed Smith LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1 Powers of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page hereto).
*
To be filed by amendment.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules.   See page F-1.
ITEM 17.   Undertakings.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 14 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1)
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2)
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Portland, State of Oregon, on the 8th day of May, 2015.
SEMLER SCIENTIFIC, INC.
By:
/s/ Douglas Murphy-Chutorian
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D.
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Douglas Murphy-Chutorian and or James M. Walker, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to file and sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments and any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective under Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, to this registration statement, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney shall be governed by and construed with the laws of the State of Delaware and applicable federal securities laws.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ Douglas Murphy-Chutorian
Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D.
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
May 8, 2015
/s/ James M. Walker
James M. Walker
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
May 8, 2015
/s/ Herbert J. Semler
Herbert J. Semler, M.D.
Chairman of the Board of Directors
May 8, 2015
/s/ Bruce J Barclay
Bruce J Barclay
Director
May 8, 2015
/s/ Aidan M. Collins
Aidan M. Collins
Director
May 8, 2015
/s/ Greg S. Garfield
Greg S. Garfield
Director
May 8, 2015
/s/ Arthur Leibowitz
Arthur Leibowitz, M.D., F.A.A.P.
Director
May 8, 2015
/s/ Wayne T. Pan
Wayne T. Pan, M.D., Ph.D.
Director
May 8, 2015
/s/ Shirley L. Semler
Shirley L. Semler
Director
May 8, 2015
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
Description
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Semler Scientific, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
3.2 Bylaws of Semler Scientific, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
4.1 Specimen Common Stock certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our Form S-1/A Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2013).
4.2 Form of Investor Rights Agreement of Semler Scientific, Inc., dated June 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
5.1* Opinion of Reed Smith LLP.
10.1 Form of Common Stock Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.2 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.3 2007 Key Person Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.4 At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Robert G. McRae, dated November 1, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.5 At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Daniel E. Conger, dated October 18, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.6 At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D., dated November 11, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement, as amended (File No. 333-192362), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2013).
10.7 Sales Representative Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Douglas Murphy-Chutorian, M.D. effective as of January 1, 2013(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 1 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2013).
10.8 Service & Supply Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and Phoenix DeVentures, Inc. dated as of April 28, 2011(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 1 of our Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2013).

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Exhibit
Number
Description
10.9 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, dated August 26, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 2, 2014).
10.10 Form of Indemnification Agreement, approved and entered into between the Company and each of the Company’s directors and executive officers as of July 24, 2014 (incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 29, 2014).
10.11 Amended and Restated Consulting Agreement between Semler Scientific, Inc. and The Brenner Group, Inc., effective as of June 18, 2014 (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.1 of our Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 19, 2014).
10.12* Placement Agency Agreement, dated            , 2015 between Semler Scientific, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.
10.13* Form of Placement Agent’s Warrant.
23.1 Consent of BDO USA, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.
23.2* Consent of Reed Smith LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1 Powers of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page hereto).
*
To be filed by amendment.