ptp10q_08sep.htm
 
 


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
   
 
OR
                           
  o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-31341

Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Bermuda
 
98-0416483
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

The Belvedere Building
69 Pitts Bay Road
Pembroke, Bermuda
 
HM 08
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

(441) 295-7195
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.      Yes  X   No ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of "accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer" and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
X
 
Accelerated filer
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes   No X_

As of October 14, 2008, there were outstanding 47,706,861 common shares, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant.
 

 
PLATINUM UNDERWRITERS HOLDINGS, LTD.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
Page
     
PART I  –  FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
     
Item 1.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
     
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2008 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2007
1
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (Unaudited)
2
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (Unaudited)
3
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (Unaudited)
4
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (Unaudited)
5
     
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
17
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
33
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
34
     
PART II  –  OTHER INFORMATION
 
     
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
36
Item 6.
Exhibits
36
     
SIGNATURES
37



PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
  ITEM 1.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands, except share data)

                                    
   
 (Unaudited)
       
   
September 30, 2008
   
December 31, 2007
 
ASSETS
           
Investments:
           
Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities at fair value
(amortized cost – $3,598,487 and $3,214,981, respectively)
  $ 3,414,639     $ 3,191,923  
Fixed maturity trading securities at fair value
    144,307       169,818  
Preferred stocks (cost – $3,087 and $12,246, respectively)
    3,087       9,607  
Short-term investments
    95,979       13,876  
Total investments
    3,658,012       3,385,224  
Cash and cash equivalents
    600,681       1,076,279  
Accrued investment income
    30,932       34,696  
Reinsurance premiums receivable
    295,914       244,360  
Reinsurance recoverable on ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses
    12,425       27,979  
Prepaid reinsurance premiums
    14,706       9,369  
Funds held by ceding companies
    146,470       165,604  
Deferred acquisition costs
    58,731       70,508  
Deferred tax assets
    65,518       43,342  
Other assets
    21,984       21,389  
Total assets
  $ 4,905,373     $ 5,078,750  
                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Liabilities
               
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
  $ 2,460,185     $ 2,361,038  
Unearned premiums
    261,979       298,498  
Debt obligations
    250,000       250,000  
Ceded premiums payable
    4,731       4,559  
Commissions payable
    122,699       100,204  
Other liabilities
    33,387       66,074  
Total liabilities
    3,132,981       3,080,373  
                 
Shareholders’ Equity
               
Preferred shares, $.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized, 5,750,000 shares issued and outstanding
    57       57  
Common shares, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 47,706,861 and 53,779,914 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
    477       538  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,116,050       1,338,466  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (170,257 )     (24,339 )
Retained earnings
    826,065       683,655  
Total shareholders' equity
    1,772,392       1,998,377  
                 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
  $ 4,905,373     $ 5,078,750  
 
 
See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
- 1 -

 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
($ in thousands, except per share data)

   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
 
                         
Revenue:
                       
Net premiums earned
  $ 280,725       290,310       840,558     $ 871,076  
Net investment income
    48,043       54,283       144,037       160,666  
Net realized losses on investments
    (18,214 )     (864 )     (18,353 )     (2,521 )
Other expense
    (1,686 )     (659 )     (5,892 )     (3,645 )
Total revenue
    308,868       343,070       960,350       1,025,576  
                                 
Expenses:
                               
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses
    270,863       163,923       524,458       510,267  
Net acquisition expenses
    56,320       51,445       182,999       156,392  
Operating expenses
    21,153       28,161       67,943       77,475  
Net foreign currency exchange (gains) losses
    6,134       (1,429 )     3,263       (2,887 )
Interest expense
    4,752       5,457       14,253       16,368  
Total expenses
    359,222       247,557       792,916       757,615  
                                 
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
    (50,354 )     95,513       167,434       267,961  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (5,014 )     4,210       5,246       13,175  
                                 
Net income (loss)
    (45,340 )     91,303       162,188       254,786  
Preferred dividends
    2,602       2,602       7,806       7,806  
                                 
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
  $ (47,942 )     88,701       154,382     $ 246,980  
                                 
Earnings (loss) per share:
                               
Basic earnings (loss) per share
  $ (0.99 )     1.50       3.09     $ 4.15  
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
  $ (0.99 )     1.37       2.81     $ 3.79  
                                 
Comprehensive income (loss):
                               
Net income (loss)
  $ (45,340 )     91,303       162,188     $ 254,786  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                               
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of deferred taxes
    (102,921 )     23,718       (145,918 )     853  
Cumulative translation adjustments, net of deferred taxes
          1             (675 )
                                 
Comprehensive income (loss)
  $ (148,261 )     115,022       16,270     $ 254,964  
                                 
Shareholder dividends:
                               
Preferred dividends declared
  $ 2,602       2,602       7,806     $ 7,806  
Preferred dividends declared per share
    0.45       0.45       1.36       1.36  
Common dividends declared
    3,842       4,639       11,972       14,250  
Common dividends declared per share
  $ 0.08       0.08       0.24     $ 0.24  


See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
- 2 -

 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
($ in thousands)
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Preferred shares:
           
Balances at beginning and end of periods
  $ 57     $ 57  
                 
Common shares:
               
Balances at beginning of period
    538       597  
Exercise of common share options
    11       10  
Issuance of common shares
    3        
Purchase of common shares
    (75 )     (35 )
Balances at end of period
    477       572  
                 
Additional paid-in capital:
               
Balances at beginning of period
    1,338,466       1,545,979  
Exercise of common share options
    25,885       22,629  
Issuance of common shares
    1,693        
Share based compensation
    10,303       6,102  
Settlement of equity awards
    (999 )      
Purchase of common shares
    (260,323 )     (116,938 )
Tax benefit of share options
    1,025       949  
Balances at end of period
    1,116,050       1,458,721  
                 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
               
Balances at beginning of period
    (24,339 )     (44,289 )
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of deferred taxes
    (145,918 )     853  
Net change in cumulative translation adjustments, net of deferred taxes
          (675 )
Balances at end of period
    (170,257 )     (44,111 )
                 
Retained earnings:
               
Balances at beginning of period
    683,655       355,717  
Net income
    162,188       254,786  
Preferred share dividends
    (7,806 )     (7,806 )
Common share dividends
    (11,972 )     (14,250 )
Balances at end of period
    826,065       588,447  
                 
Total shareholders’ equity
  $ 1,772,392     $ 2,003,686  
 
 
See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
- 3 -

 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
($ in thousands)
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
             
Operating Activities:
           
Net income
  $ 162,188     $ 254,786  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operations:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    5,810       9,580  
Net realized losses on investments
    18,353       2,521  
Net foreign currency exchange (gains) losses
    3,263       (2,887 )
Share based compensation
    10,303       6,102  
Deferred income tax expense
    (9,938 )     (9,960 )
Trading securities activities
    5,639       (45,124 )
Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
(Increase) decrease in accrued investment income
    3,764       (1,235 )
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance premiums receivable
    (53,657 )     81,568  
Decrease in funds held by ceding companies
    19,134       73,004  
Decrease in deferred acquisition costs
    11,777       8  
Increase in net unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
    126,161       6,627  
Increase (decrease) in net unearned premiums
    (41,856 )     9,706  
Increase (decrease) in ceded premiums payable
    172       (16,069 )
Increase (decrease) in commissions payable
    22,495       (35,110 )
       Net changes in other assets and liabilities
    (19,214 )     9,363  
Other net
    (4,188 )     935  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    260,206       343,815  
                 
Investing Activities:
               
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
    80,126       84,816  
Proceeds from maturity or paydown of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
    860,063       840,229  
Acquisition of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
    (1,341,153 )     (1,231,479 )
Proceeds from sale of other invested asset
          4,745  
Net change in short-term investments
    (80,559 )     (5,859 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (481,523 )     (307,548 )
                 
Financing Activities:
               
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders
    (7,806 )     (7,806 )
Dividends paid to common shareholders
    (11,972 )     (14,250 )
Proceeds from exercise of share options
    25,896       22,640  
Purchase of common shares
    (260,399 )     (116,973 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (254,281 )     (116,389 )
                 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (475,598 )     (80,122 )
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    1,076,279       851,652  
      -          
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 600,681     $ 771,530  
                 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
               
Income taxes paid
  $ 27,900     $ 21,470  
Interest paid
  $ 9,375     $ 16,110  
 
 
See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
- 4 -

 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
 
 
1. Basis of Presentation
 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. ("Platinum Holdings") is a Bermuda holding company organized in 2002.  Platinum Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") operate through two licensed reinsurance subsidiaries:  Platinum Underwriters Bermuda, Ltd. ("Platinum Bermuda") and Platinum Underwriters Reinsurance, Inc. ("Platinum US").  The terms "we," "us," and "our" also refer to Platinum Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates.  Through December 31, 2006 we also underwrote business through Platinum Re (UK) Limited ("Platinum UK"), our other licensed reinsurance subsidiary.  In 2007, Platinum UK ceased underwriting reinsurance business.  We provide property and marine, casualty and finite risk reinsurance coverages, through reinsurance intermediaries, to a diverse clientele of insurers and select reinsurers on a worldwide basis.
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and include the accounts of Platinum Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Platinum Bermuda, Platinum US, Platinum UK, Platinum Underwriters Finance, Inc. ("Platinum Finance"), Platinum Regency Holdings ("Platinum Regency"), Platinum Administrative Services, Inc. and Platinum UK Services Company Limited.  All material inter-company transactions have been eliminated in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements.  The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 are unaudited and include adjustments consisting of normal recurring items that management considers necessary for a fair presentation under U.S. GAAP.  These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could materially differ from these estimates.  The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.
 
New Accounting Pronouncements
 
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("SFAS 159").  SFAS 159 permits an entity to irrevocably elect fair value on a contract-by-contract basis as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for many financial assets and liabilities and certain other items.  Most provisions of SFAS 159 are elective.  Entities electing the fair value measurement attributes of SFAS 159 are required to recognize changes in fair values in earnings and to expense upfront costs and fees associated with the items for which the fair values option is elected.  SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.  We adopted SFAS 159 as of January 1, 2008.  However, we have not yet elected to apply the fair value measurement attributes of SFAS 159 to any financial assets or liabilities, and therefore our adoption of SFAS 159 did not have any effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, "Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133" ("SFAS 161").  SFAS 161 amends and expands the disclosure requirements in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” about an entity’s derivative and hedging activities and how these activities affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows, thereby improving the transparency of financial reporting.  SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged.  We are currently evaluating the impact that SFAS 161 may have, if any, on the presentation of our consolidated financial statements.
 
- 5 -

 
2. Investments
 
Investments classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value as of the balance sheet date.  Net changes in unrealized investment gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of deferred taxes, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Net change in fair value
  $ (158,157 )   $ 2,894  
Deferred taxes
    12,239       (2,041 )
Net change in unrealized investment gains and losses
  $ (145,918 )   $ 853  

Gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2008 were $11,043,000 and $194,891,000, respectively.  As of September 30, 2008 there were a total of 499 issues in an unrealized loss position in our investment portfolio, with the single largest unrealized loss being a U.S. Government security with an amortized cost of $411,509,000 and an unrealized loss of $8,353,000.  Corporate, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities represent the largest categories within our available-for-sale portfolio and consequently accounted for the greatest amount of our overall unrealized loss as of September 30, 2008.  Investment holdings within our corporate portfolio were diversified across approximately 30 industry sectors and within each sector across many individual issuers and issues.  As of September 30, 2008 there were 166 corporate issues in an unrealized loss position, with the single largest unrealized loss being $3,204,000 on an amortized cost of $17,963,000.  Investment holdings within the mortgage-backed and asset-backed portfolio were diversified across a number of sub-categories.  As of September 30, 2008 there were 259 issues within the mortgage-backed and asset-backed portfolio in an unrealized loss position, with the single largest unrealized loss being an asset- backed security with an amortized cost of $10,088,000 and an unrealized loss of $4,864,000.
 
The unrealized losses on securities classified as available-for-sale, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2008, were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
Fair Value
   
Unrealized
Loss
 
             
Less than twelve months:
           
U.S. Government
  $ 403,156     $ 8,353  
U.S. Government agencies
    213,597       2,878  
Corporate bonds
    415,058       25,264  
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
    749,808       49,359  
Municipal bonds
    171,583       5,732  
Foreign governments and states
    37,457       719  
Total
  $ 1,990,659     $ 92,305  
                 
Twelve months or more:
               
U.S. Government
  $ 2,609     $ 51  
U.S. Government agencies
           
Corporate bonds
    165,369       29,794  
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
    343,989       71,892  
Municipal bonds
    7,967       576  
Foreign governments and states
    1,446       273  
Total
  $ 521,380     $ 102,586  
                 
Total:
               
U.S. Government
  $ 405,765     $ 8,404  
U.S. Government agencies
    213,597       2,878  
Corporate bonds
    580,427       55,058  
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities
    1,093,797       121,251  
Municipal bonds
    179,550       6,308  
Foreign governments and states
    38,903       992  
Total
  $ 2,512,039     $ 194,891  

- 6 -

 
We routinely review our available-for-sale investments to determine whether unrealized losses represent temporary changes in fair value or were the result of "other-than-temporary impairments."  The process of determining whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired requires judgment and involves analyzing many factors.  These factors include, but are not limited to:  the overall financial condition of the issuer, the length and magnitude of an unrealized loss, specific credit events, the collateral structure and the credit support that may be applicable to mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities.  We also consider our ability and intent to hold a security for a sufficient period of time for the value to recover the unrealized loss, which is based, in part, on current and anticipated future positive net cash flows from operations that generate sufficient liquidity in order to meet our obligations.  If we determine that an unrealized loss on a security is other-than-temporary, we write down the carrying value of the security and record a realized loss in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the financial markets experienced a loss of liquidity and significant adverse credit events that in turn led to widespread declines in the value of financial instruments.  The fair values of the securities in our available-for-sale investment portfolio decreased significantly during the three months ended September 30, 2008 as a result of these financial market events.  Charges relating to other-than-temporary impairments were $13,096,000 and $809,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively; charges relating to other-than-temporary impairments were also $13,096,000 and $809,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  These charges were included in net realized losses on investments in the consolidated statement of operations.  During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we sold bonds and cash equivalents issued by financial institutions resulting in a realized loss of $4,225,000.
 
3. Fair Value Measurements
 
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” ("SFAS 157") as of January 1, 2008.  SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  This statement establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to fair values derived from unobservable inputs (Level 3).  The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls shall be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
 
We consider prices for actively traded treasury securities and exchange traded preferred stocks to be based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 as defined by SFAS 157).  The fair values of our other fixed maturities, which generally include mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and bonds issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and states, are based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors, index providers, or broker-dealers using observable inputs (Level 2 as defined by SFAS 157).  The observable inputs used in standard market valuation pricing models may include but are not limited to: credit ratings, interest rates and yield curves at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates.  The fair values of our insurance linked derivative instruments, which are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, are determined by management primarily using unobservable inputs through the application of our own assumptions and internal valuation pricing models (Level 3 as defined by SFAS 157).
 
The following table presents the fair value measurement levels for all assets and liabilities which the Company has recorded at fair value as of September 30, 2008 ($ in thousands):
 
         
Fair Value Measurement Using:
 
   
Total
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
 
                         
Assets:
                       
Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
  $ 3,414,639       505,658       2,908,981     $  
Fixed maturity trading securities
    144,307       63,227       81,080        
Preferred stocks
    3,087       3,087              
Short-term investments
    95,979             95,979        
Total
  $ 3,658,012       571,972       3,086,040     $  
                                 
Liabilities:
                               
Insurance linked derivative instruments
    7,165                   7,165  
Total
  $ 7,165                 $ 7,165  

- 7 -

 
The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements of our Level 3 liabilities, consisting of derivative instruments, measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, ($ in thousands):
 
Beginning balance at January 1, 2008
  $  
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
    1,250  
Total unrealized and realized losses included in earnings
    (8,415 )
Ending balance at September 30, 2008
    (7,165 )
Losses for the period attributable to the change in unrealized losses relating to liabilities outstanding
  $ (7,165 )

The change in unrealized losses of $7,165,000 relating to insurance linked derivative instruments outstanding was included in earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and was reported in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.  We realized a loss of $1,250,000 on an insurance linked derivative in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and such loss was also included in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
4. Insurance Linked Derivative Contracts
 
We entered into three insurance linked derivative contracts during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  We entered into an option agreement to purchase industry loss warranty retrocessional protection.  The option period was March 19, 2008 to August 27, 2008 and the entire option fee of $1,250,000 was included in other expense in 2008.
 
The second insurance linked derivative was a contract under which we can recover up to $120,000,000 from the counterparty if modeled losses from both a first and second catastrophe event resulting from U.S. wind, California earthquake or European wind exceed a specified attachment point.  The term of this contract is from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008, at a cost of $5,510,000.  The estimated net fair value of this derivative was determined using unobservable inputs through the application of our own assumptions and internal models based on assumptions that we believe market participants would use.  The resulting net liability and change in net fair value of $4,040,000 was included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and included in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
In August 2008, we entered into an agreement with Topiary Capital Limited ("Topiary"), a Cayman Islands special purpose vehicle.  Under the terms of our agreement with Topiary, we will pay to Topiary $9,500,000 during each of the three annual periods commencing August 1, 2008.  In return the agreement provides us with the ability to recover up to $200,000,000 should two catastrophic events involving U.S. wind, U.S. earthquake, European wind, or Japanese earthquake occur that meet specified loss criteria during any of the three annual periods.  Both the initial activation event and the qualifying second event must occur in the same annual period.  The maximum amount that we can recover over the three-year period is $200,000,000.  Topiary collateralized its limit of loss by placing $200,000,000 of high quality investments in a secured collateral account.  Any recovery we make under this contract is based on an index using insured property industry loss estimates that are compiled by Property Claim Services, a division of Insurance Services Offices, Inc., for certain U.S. perils, and parametric triggers for certain non-U.S. perils, and is not based on actual losses we may incur.  Consequently, the transaction was accounted for as a derivative and was carried at the estimated net fair value.  The resulting net liability and change in net fair value of $3,125,000 was included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet and other expense in our consolidated statement of operations.  One-time fees and expenses of $4,339,000 related to the agreement with Topiary were included in operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
Topiary is a variable interest entity under the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 46R “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51”.  As we have no investment in and are not the primary beneficiary of Topiary, we did not include this entity in our consolidated financial statements.
 
- 8 -

 
5. Earnings Per Share
 
The following is a calculation of the basic and diluted earnings or loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands, except per share data):
 
   
Net
Income (Loss)
   
Weighted
Average
Common
Shares
Outstanding
   
Earnings
(Loss) Per Common
Share
 
                   
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008:
                 
Basic and diluted loss per share:
                 
Net loss attributable to common shareholders
  $ (47,942 )     48,260     $ (0.99 )
                         
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007:
                       
Basic earnings per share:
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 88,701       58,946     $ 1.50  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                       
Common share options, restricted common shares and common share units
          2,711          
Conversion of preferred shares
          5,053          
Preferred share dividends
    2,602                
Adjusted net income for diluted earnings per share
  $ 91,303       66,710     $ 1.37  
                         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008:
                       
Basic earnings per share:
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 154,382       49,963     $ 3.09  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                       
Common share options, restricted common shares and common share units
          2,674          
Conversion of preferred shares
          4,996          
Preferred share dividends
    7,806                
Adjusted net income for diluted earnings per share
  $ 162,188       57,633     $ 2.81  
                         
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007:
                       
Basic earnings per share:
                       
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 246,980       59,572     $ 4.15  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                       
Common share options, restricted common shares and common share units
          2,499          
Conversion of preferred shares
          5,223          
Preferred share dividends
    7,806                
Adjusted net income for diluted earnings per share
  $ 254,786       67,294     $ 3.79  

 
6. Operating Segment Information
 
We conduct our worldwide reinsurance business through three operating segments: Property and Marine, Casualty and Finite Risk.  The Property and Marine operating segment includes principally property and marine reinsurance coverages that are written in the United States and international markets.  This operating segment includes property reinsurance, crop reinsurance and marine and aviation reinsurance.  The Property and Marine operating segment includes reinsurance contracts that are either catastrophe excess-of-loss, per-risk excess-of-loss or proportional contracts.  The Casualty operating segment includes principally reinsurance contracts that cover umbrella liability, general and product liability, professional liability, workers' compensation, casualty clash, automobile liability, surety, trade credit, political risk and accident and health.  The Finite Risk operating segment includes principally structured reinsurance contracts with ceding companies whose needs may not be met efficiently through traditional reinsurance products.  In exchange for contractual features that limit our downside risk, reinsurance contracts that we classify as finite risk provide the potential for significant profit commission to the ceding company.  The classes of risks underwritten through finite risk contracts are generally consistent with the classes covered by traditional products.  The finite risk contracts that we underwrite generally provide prospective protection, meaning coverage is provided for losses that are incurred after inception of the contract, as contrasted with retrospective coverage, which covers losses that are incurred prior to inception of the contract.  The three main categories of finite risk contracts are quota share, multi-year excess-of-loss and whole account aggregate stop loss.
 
- 9 -

 
In managing our operating segments, we use measures such as underwriting income and underwriting ratios to evaluate segment performance.  We do not allocate by segment our assets or certain income and expenses such as investment income, interest expense and certain corporate expenses.  Total underwriting income is reconciled to income before income tax expense.  The measures we use in evaluating our operating segments should not be used as a substitute for measures determined under U.S. GAAP.  The following table summarizes underwriting activity and ratios for the operating segments, together with a reconciliation of total underwriting income to income before income tax expense, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 ($ in thousands):
 
   
Property
and Marine
   
Casualty
   
Finite Risk
   
Total
 
                         
Three months ended September 30, 2008:
                       
Net premiums written
  $ 167,136       106,826       5,180     $ 279,142  
Net premiums earned
    151,763       124,319       4,643       280,725  
Net losses and LAE
    183,759       86,057       1,047       270,863  
Net acquisition expenses
    23,691       29,191       3,438       56,320  
Other underwriting expenses
    11,543       4,948       286       16,777  
Segment underwriting income (loss)
  $ (67,230 )     4,123       (128 )     (63,235 )
                                 
Net investment income
      48,043  
Net realized losses on investments
      (18,214 )
Net foreign currency exchange losses
      (6,134 )
Other expense
      (1,686 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (4,376 )
Interest expense
      (4,752 )
Loss before income tax benefit
    $ (50,354 )
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    121.1 %     69.2 %     22.6 %     96.5 %
Net acquisition expense
    15.6 %     23.5 %     74.0 %     20.1 %
Other underwriting expense
    7.6 %     4.0 %     6.2 %     6.0 %
Combined
    144.3 %     96.7 %     102.8 %     122.6 %
                                 
Three months ended September 30, 2007:
                               
Net premiums written
  $ 142,549       141,214       8,369     $ 292,132  
Net premiums earned
    128,380       153,938       7,992       290,310  
Net losses and LAE
    43,396       110,365       10,162       163,923  
Net acquisition expenses
    18,549       33,403       (507 )     51,445  
Other underwriting expenses
    12,086       8,304       367       20,757  
Segment underwriting income (loss)
  $ 54,349       1,866       (2,030 )     54,185  
                                 
Net investment income
      54,283  
Net realized losses on investments
      (864 )
Net foreign currency exchange gains
      1,429  
Other expense
      (659 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (7,404 )
Interest expense
      (5,457 )
Income before income tax expense
    $ 95,513  
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    33.8 %     71.7 %     127.2 %     56.5 %
Acquisition expense
    14.4 %     21.7 %     (6.3 %)     17.7 %
Other underwriting expense
    9.4 %     5.4 %     4.6 %     7.1 %
Combined
    57.6 %     98.8 %     125.5 %     81.3 %
 
- 10 -

 
     
Property and Marine 
     
Casualty 
     
Finite Risk
     
Total 
 
                                 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008:
                               
Net premiums written
  $ 454,541       335,295       10,437     $ 800,273  
Net premiums earned
    446,869       385,059       8,630       840,558  
Net losses and LAE
    279,165       252,233       (6,940 )     524,458  
Net acquisition expenses
    69,119       98,893       14,987       182,999  
Other underwriting expenses
    29,774       18,734       961       49,469  
Segment underwriting income (loss)
  $ 68,811       15,199       (378 )     83,632  
                                 
Net investment income
      144,037  
Net realized losses on investments
      (18,353 )
Net foreign currency exchange losses
      (3,263 )
Other expense
      (5,892 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (18,474 )
Interest expense
      (14,253 )
Income before income tax expense
    $ 167,434  
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    62.5 %     65.5 %     (80.4 %)     62.4 %
Net acquisition expense
    15.5 %     25.7 %     173.7 %     21.8 %
Other underwriting expense
    6.7 %     4.9 %     11.1 %     5.9 %
Combined
    84.7 %     96.1 %     104.4 %     90.1 %
                                 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007:
                               
Net premiums written
  $ 399,429       455,945       23,398     $ 878,772  
Net premiums earned
    373,226       471,802       26,048       871,076  
Net losses and LAE
    149,265       340,740       20,262       510,267  
Net acquisition expenses
    50,748       105,499       145       156,392  
Other underwriting expenses
    32,696       21,463       1,994       56,153  
Segment underwriting income
  $ 140,517       4,100       3,647       148,264  
                                 
Net investment income
      160,666  
Net realized losses on investments
      (2,521 )
Net foreign currency exchange gains
      2,887  
Other expense
      (3,645 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (21,322 )
Interest expense
      (16,368 )
Income before income tax expense
    $ 267,961  
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    40.0 %     72.2 %     77.8 %     58.6 %
Net acquisition expense
    13.6 %     22.4 %     0.6 %     18.0 %
Other underwriting expense
    8.8 %     4.5 %     7.7 %     6.4 %
Combined
    62.4 %     99.1 %     86.1 %     83.0 %
 
- 11 -

 
7. Income Taxes
 
We provide for income tax expense or benefit based upon income reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the provisions of currently enacted tax laws.  Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda are incorporated in Bermuda.  Under current Bermuda law, they are not taxed on any Bermuda income or capital gains and they have received an assurance that if any legislation is enacted in Bermuda that would impose tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, then the imposition of any such tax will not be applicable to Platinum Holdings or Platinum Bermuda or any of their respective operations, shares, debentures or other obligations until March 28, 2016.  We also have subsidiaries in the U.S., the United Kingdom and Ireland that are subject to the tax laws thereof.  The income tax returns of our U.S. based subsidiaries that remain open to examination are for calendar years 2003 and forward and tax years 2003 and 2004 are currently under examination.
 
A reconciliation of expected income tax expense, computed by applying a 35% income tax rate to income before income taxes, to actual income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Expected income tax expense at 35%
  $ 58,602     $ 93,786  
Effect of foreign income subject to tax at rates other than 35%
    (52,275 )     (82,931 )
Tax exempt investment income
    (2,639 )     (1,112 )
Other, net
    1,558       3,432  
Income tax expense
  $ 5,246     $ 13,175  
 
 
8. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
 
Platinum Finance is a U.S. based intermediate holding company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Platinum Regency.  The outstanding Series B 7.5% Notes, due June 1, 2017, issued by Platinum Finance are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Platinum Holdings.  The Series B 6.371% Remarketed Senior Guaranteed Notes that were issued by Platinum Finance and were due and fully repaid on November 16, 2007, were also fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Platinum Holdings.
 
The payment of dividends from our regulated reinsurance subsidiaries is limited by applicable laws and statutory requirements of the jurisdictions in which the subsidiaries operate, including Bermuda, the U.S., the United Kingdom and Ireland.  Based on the regulatory restrictions of the applicable jurisdictions, the maximum amount available for payment of dividends or other distributions by Platinum US to Platinum Finance in 2008 without prior regulatory approval is estimated to be approximately $24,796,000.  The maximum amount available for payment of dividends or other distributions by the reinsurance subsidiaries of Platinum Holdings in 2008, including Platinum US, without prior regulatory approval is estimated to be approximately $398,241,000.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, dividends of $300,000,000 were paid by Platinum Bermuda to Platinum Holdings.
 
- 12 -

 
The tables below present condensed consolidating financial information of Platinum Holdings, Platinum Finance and the non-guarantor subsidiaries of Platinum Holdings as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 ($ in thousands):
 
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
September 30, 2008
 
Platinum Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
ASSETS
                             
Total investments
  $       4,072       3,653,940           $ 3,658,012  
Investment in subsidiaries
    1,685,523       504,882       295,697       (2,486,102 )      
Cash and cash equivalents
    81,082       12,919       506,680             600,681  
Reinsurance assets
                528,246             528,246  
Other assets
    12,942       2,848       102,644             118,434  
Total assets
  $ 1,779,547       524,721       5,087,207       (2,486,102 )   $ 4,905,373  
                                         
LIABILITIES AND
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                       
Liabilities
                                       
Reinsurance liabilities
  $             2,849,594           $ 2,849,594  
Debt obligations
          250,000                   250,000  
Other liabilities
    7,155       3,960       22,272             33,387  
Total liabilities
    7,155       253,960       2,871,866             3,132,981  
                                         
Shareholders’ Equity
                                       
Preferred shares
    57                         57  
Common shares
    477             6,250       (6,250 )     477  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,116,050       194,079       1,898,211       (2,092,290 )     1,116,050  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (170,257 )     (25,241 )     (195,365 )     220,606       (170,257 )
Retained earnings
    826,065       101,923       506,245       (608,168 )     826,065  
Total shareholders’ equity
    1,772,392       270,761       2,215,341       (2,486,102 )     1,772,392  
                                         
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 1,779,547       524,721       5,087,207       (2,486,102 )   $ 4,905,373  
 
 
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2007
 
Platinum Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
ASSETS
                             
Total investments
  $       6,661       3,378,563           $ 3,385,224  
Investment in subsidiaries
    1,958,019       504,642       306,373       (2,769,034 )      
Cash and cash equivalents
    39,593       18,348       1,018,338             1,076,279  
Reinsurance assets
                517,820             517,820  
Other assets
    10,815       2,106       86,506             99,427  
Total assets
  $ 2,008,427       531,757       5,307,600       (2,769,034 )   $ 5,078,750  
                                         
LIABILITIES AND
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                                       
Liabilities
                                       
Reinsurance liabilities
  $             2,764,299           $ 2,764,299  
Debt obligations
          250,000                   250,000  
Other liabilities
    10,050       1,714       54,310             66,074  
Total liabilities
    10,050       251,714       2,818,609             3,080,373  
                                         
Shareholders’ Equity
                                       
Preferred shares
    57                         57  
Common shares
    538             6,250       (6,250 )     538  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,338,466       193,054       1,896,161       (2,089,215 )     1,338,466  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (24,339 )     (2,513 )     (26,814 )     29,327       (24,339 )
Retained earnings
    683,655       89,502       613,394       (702,896 )     683,655  
Total shareholders' equity
    1,998,377       280,043       2,488,991       (2,769,034 )     1,998,377  
                                         
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 2,008,427       531,757       5,307,600       (2,769,034 )   $ 5,078,750  
 
- 13 -

 
Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
 
Platinum Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
Revenue:
                             
Net premiums earned
  $             280,725           $ 280,725  
Net investment income
    586       129       47,328             48,043  
Net realized gains (losses) on investments
          (14 )     (18,200 )           (18,214 )
Other income (expense), net
    811             (2,497 )           (1,686 )
Total revenue
    1,397       115       307,356             308,868  
Expenses:
                                       
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses
                270,863             270,863  
Net acquisition expenses
                56,320             56,320  
Operating expenses
    4,282       63       16,808             21,153  
Net foreign currency exchange losses
                6,134             6,134  
Interest expense
          4,752                   4,752  
Total expenses
    4,282       4,815       350,125             359,222  
                                         
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
    (2,885 )     (4,700 )     (42,769 )           (50,354 )
                                         
Income tax expense (benefit)
    150       (2,250 )     (2,914 )           (5,014 )
                                         
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    (3,035 )     (2,450 )     (39,855 )           (45,340 )
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    (42,305 )     (3,576 )     175,905       (130,024 )      
                                         
Net income (loss)
    (45,340 )     (6,026 )     136,050       (130,024 )     (45,340 )
Preferred dividends
    2,602                         2,602  
                                         
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
  $ (47,942 )     (6,026 )     136,050       (130,024 )   $ (47,942 )
 
 
Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Platinum Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
Revenue:
                             
Net premiums earned
  $             290,310           $ 290,310  
Net investment income
    2,526       644       51,113             54,283  
Net realized losses on investments
                ( 864 )           (864 )
Other income (expense), net
    2,623             (3,282 )           (659 )
Total revenue
    5,149       644       337,277             343,070  
Expenses:
                                       
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses
                163,923             163,923  
Net acquisition expenses
                51,445             51,445  
Operating expenses
    7,256       105       20,800             28,161  
Net foreign currency exchange gains
                (1,429 )           (1,429 )
Interest expense
          5,457                   5,457  
Total expenses
    7,256       5,562       234,739             247,557  
                                         
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
    (2,107 )     (4,918 )     102,538             95,513  
                                         
Income tax expense (benefit)
          (1,590 )     5,800             4,210  
                                         
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    (2,107 )     (3,328 )     96,738             91,303  
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    93,410       11,723       12,074       (117,207 )      
                                         
Net income
    91,303       8,395       108,812       (117,207 )     91,303  
Preferred dividends
    2,602                         2,602  
                                         
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 88,701       8,395       108,812       (117,207 )   $ 88,701  
 
- 14 -

 
Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
 
Platinum Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
Revenue:
                             
Net premiums earned
  $             840,558           $ 840,558  
Net investment income
    1,441       529       142,067             144,037  
Net realized gains (losses) on investments
          (10 )     (18,343 )           (18,353 )
Other income (expense), net
    1,895             (7,787 )           (5,892 )
Total revenue
    3,336       519       956,495             960,350  
Expenses:
                                       
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses
                524,458             524,458  
Net acquisition expenses
                182,999             182,999  
Operating expenses
    18,098       243       49,602             67,943  
Net foreign currency exchange gains
                3,263             3,263  
Interest expense
          14,253                   14,253  
Total expenses
    18,098       14,496       760,322             792,916  
                                         
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
    (14,762 )     (13,977 )     196,173             167,434  
                                         
Income tax expense (benefit)
    450       (4,555 )     9,351             5,246  
                                         
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    (15,212 )     (9,422 )     186,822             162,188  
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    177,400       21,850       11,050       (210,300 )      
                                         
Net income
    162,188       12,428       197,872       (210,300 )     162,188  
Preferred dividends
    7,806                         7,806  
                                         
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 154,382       12,428       197,872       (210,300 )   $ 154,382  
 
 
Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Platinum Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
Revenue:
                             
Net premiums earned
  $             871,076           $ 871,076  
Net investment income
    5,181       1,883       153,602             160,666  
Net realized gains (losses) on investments
                (2,521 )           (2,521 )
Other income (expense), net
    4,478             (8,123 )           (3,645 )
Total revenue
    9,659       1,883       1,014,034             1,025,576  
Expenses:
                                       
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses
                510,267             510,267  
Net acquisition expenses
                156,392             156,392  
Operating expenses
    20,915       291       56,269             77,475  
Net foreign currency exchange gains
                (2,887 )           (2,887 )
Interest expense
          16,368                   16,368  
Total expenses
    20,915       16,659       720,041             757,615  
                                         
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
    (11,256 )     (14,776 )     293,993             267,961  
                                         
Income tax expense (benefit)
          (4,996 )     18,171             13,175  
                                         
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    (11,256 )     (9,780 )     275,822             254,786  
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
    266,042       33,887       37,480       (337,409 )      
                                         
Net income
    254,786       24,107       313,302       (337,409 )     254,786  
Preferred dividends
    7,806                         7,806  
                                         
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 246,980       24,107       313,302       (337,409 )   $ 246,980  
 
- 15 -

 
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
 
Platinum
Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor
Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ (9,229 )     (7,856 )     277,291           $ 260,206  
                                         
Investing Activities:
                                       
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
                80,126             80,126  
Proceeds from maturity or paydown of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
          2,426       857,637             860,063  
Acquisition of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
                (1,341,153 )           (1,341,153 )
Proceeds from sale of other invested asset
                             
Increase in short-term investments
                (80,559 )           (80,559 )
Dividends from subsidiaries
    305,000                   (305,000 )      
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    305,000       2,426       (483,949 )     (305,000 )     (481,523 )
                                         
Financing Activities:
                                       
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders
    (7,806 )                       (7,806 )
Dividends paid to common shareholders
    (11,972 )           (305,000 )     305,000       (11,972 )
Proceeds from exercise of share options
    25,896                         25,896  
Purchase of common shares
    (260,399 )                       (260,399 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (254,281 )           (305,000 )     305,000       (254,281 )
                                         
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    41,490       (5,430 )     (511,658 )           (475,598 )
                                         
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    39,592       18,349       1,018,338             1,076,279  
                                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 81,082       12,919       506,680           $ 600,681  
 
 
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Platinum
Holdings
   
Platinum Finance
   
Non-guarantor
Subsidiaries
   
Consolidating Adjustments
   
Consolidated
 
                               
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ (8,398 )     (9,319 )     361,532           $ 343,815  
                                         
Investing Activities:
                                       
Proceeds from sale of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
          76       84,740             84,816  
Proceeds from maturity or paydown of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
          2,176       838,053             840,229  
Acquisition of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities
                (1,231,479 )           (1,231,479 )
Proceeds from sale of other invested asset
                4,745             4,745  
Increase in short-term investments
                (5,859 )           (5,859 )
Dividends from subsidiaries
    157,500       10,000             (167,500 )      
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    157,500       12,252       (309,800 )     (167,500 )     (307,548 )
                                         
Financing Activities:
                                       
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders
    (7,806 )                       (7,806 )
Dividends paid to common shareholders
    (14,250 )           (167,500 )     167,500       (14,250 )
Proceeds from exercise of share options
    22,640                         22,640  
Purchase of common shares
    (116,973 )                       (116,973 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (116,389 )           (167,500 )     167,500       (116,389 )
                                         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    32,713       2,933       (115,768 )           (80,122 )
                                         
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    106,039       39,294       706,319             851,652  
                                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 138,752       42,227       590,551           $ 771,530  

- 16 -

 
9. Company Share Repurchase
 
On August 4, 2004, our Board of Directors established a program to repurchase our common shares.  On July 26, 2007, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the then existing repurchase program to result in authority as of such date to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000 of our common shares.  After repurchases of our common shares, on each of October 25, 2007, February 21, 2008, April 23, 2008, July 24, 2008 and October 22, 2008, our Board of Directors approved additional increases in the repurchase program to result in authority as of such dates to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000 of our common shares.  During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company repurchased 1,294,100 of its common shares in the open market at an aggregate cost including commissions of $46,459,000 and a weighted average cost including commissions of $35.90 per share.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company repurchased 7,536,092 of its common shares in the open market at an aggregate cost including commissions of $260,399,000 and a weighted average cost including commissions of $34.55 per share.  All of the common shares we repurchased were canceled.
 
 
 ITEM 2. 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 

 Business Overview
 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. ("Platinum Holdings") is a Bermuda holding company organized in 2002.  Platinum Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") operate through two licensed reinsurance subsidiaries:  Platinum Underwriters Bermuda, Ltd. ("Platinum Bermuda") and Platinum Underwriters Reinsurance, Inc. ("Platinum US").  The terms "we," "us," and "our" also refer to Platinum Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates.  We provide property and marine, casualty and finite risk reinsurance coverages, through reinsurance intermediaries, to a diverse clientele of insurers and select reinsurers on a worldwide basis.  Through December 31, 2006, we also underwrote business through Platinum Re (UK) Limited ("Platinum UK").  In 2007 Platinum UK ceased underwriting reinsurance business.
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.  Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP").
 
We write property and casualty reinsurance.  Property reinsurance protects a ceding company against financial loss arising out of damage to the insured’s property or loss of its use caused by an insured peril.  Property reinsurance covers damage principally to buildings and their contents and may be in the form of catastrophe coverage or per-risk coverage.  Catastrophe reinsurance coverage protects a ceding company against losses arising out of multiple claims for a single event, while per-risk reinsurance coverage protects a ceding company against loss arising out of a single claim for a single risk or policy.  We also write marine reinsurance which protects a ceding company against financial losses arising out of damage to ships and cargo or damage caused by ships.  Also included in marine are reinsurance contracts covering off-shore energy.  Casualty reinsurance protects a ceding company against financial loss arising out of the insured’s obligation to others for loss or damage to their persons or property.  Examples of casualty coverages are umbrella liability, general and product liability, professional liability, workers' compensation, casualty clash, automobile liability, surety, trade credit, political risk and accident and health.  Casualty reinsurance may also be in the form of catastrophe and per-risk contracts.
 
The property and casualty reinsurance industry is highly competitive.  We compete with reinsurers worldwide, many of which have greater financial, marketing and management resources than we do.  Our competitors vary by type of business.  Large multi-national and multi-line reinsurers represent some of our competitors in all lines and classes, while specialty reinsurance companies in the U.S. compete with us in selective lines.  Bermuda-based reinsurers tend to be significant competitors on property catastrophe business.  Lloyd’s of London syndicates are our significant competitors on marine business.  For casualty and other international classes of business, the large U.S. and European reinsurers are our significant competitors.
 
The reinsurance industry historically has been cyclical, characterized by periods of price competition due to excessive underwriting capacity as well as periods of favorable pricing due to shortages of underwriting capacity.  Cyclical trends in the industry and the industry's profitability can also be significantly affected by volatile developments, including natural and other catastrophes, such as hurricanes, windstorms, earthquakes, floods, fires, explosions and terrorist attacks, the frequency and severity of which are inherently difficult to predict.  Property and casualty reinsurance rates often rise in the aftermath of significant catastrophe losses.  To the extent that actual claim liabilities are higher than anticipated, the industry's capacity to write new business diminishes.  The industry is also affected by changes in the propensity of courts to expand insurance coverage and grant large liability awards, as well as fluctuations in interest rates, inflation and other changes in the economic environment that affect market prices of investments.
 
- 17 -

 
 Results of Operations
 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Net income (loss)
  $ (45,340 )     91,303     $ 136,643  

The decrease in net income in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due primarily to a decrease in net underwriting income of $117,420,000 and an increase in net realized investment losses of $17,350,000.  Net underwriting income consists of net premiums earned less net losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE"), net acquisition expenses and operating costs related to underwriting operations.  The decrease in net underwriting income was primarily due to an increase in major catastrophes in 2008 as compared with 2007.  We define a major catastrophe as an event resulting in property losses to the industry in excess of $1 billion or property losses to us in excess of $10,000,000.  The most significant of the major catastrophes in 2008 were Hurricanes Gustav and Ike.  The net after tax adverse impact of Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008 was $124,287,000 and was consistent with ultimate net after tax estimated losses of approximately $120,000,000; the difference was primarily attributable to reinstatement premiums that will be earned subsequent to September 30, 2008.  The net adverse impact of major catastrophes in 2007 was insignificant.  Net favorable development, which includes the development of prior years’ unpaid losses and LAE and the related impact on premiums and commissions, also affected net underwriting income.  Net favorable development was $32,031,000 and $13,417,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 288,683       296,530     $ (7,847 )
Ceded premiums written
    9,541       4,398       5,143  
Net premiums written
    279,142       292,132       (12,990 )
                         
Gross premiums earned
    287,799       293,833       (6,034 )
Ceded premiums earned
    7,074       3,523       3,551  
Net premiums earned
  $ 280,725       290,310     $ (9,585 )

The decrease in gross premiums written in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily attributable to decreases in gross premiums written across most classes in the Casualty segment, partially offset by an increase in gross premiums written in the Property and Marine segment.  Net premiums written and net premiums earned in 2008 also included additional premiums of approximately $20,336,000 and $13,306,000, respectively, relating to reinsurance contracts that incurred losses arising from the major catastrophes, as compared with $766,000 and $623,000, respectively, in 2007.  Ceded premiums written increased as we purchased additional retrocession protection for our North American property catastrophe business.  The decrease in net premiums earned was due to a decrease in net premiums written.
 
Net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $48,043,000 and $54,283,000, respectively.  Net investment income decreased in 2008 as compared with 2007 primarily due to a decrease in yields on invested assets.  Net investment income includes interest earned on funds held of $933,000 and $1,027,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Net realized losses on investments for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $18,214,000 and $864,000, respectively.  The net realized losses on investments recorded in 2008 included $13,096,000 of other-than-temporary impairments and $5,118,000 resulting from the sale of securities.  During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the financial markets experienced a loss of liquidity and significant adverse credit events that in turn led to widespread declines in the value of financial instruments.  In order to reduce our exposure to holdings in financial institutions, we sold approximately $207,305,000 of corporate bonds and cash equivalents issued by financial institutions, resulting in a realized loss of $4,225,000.  The Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") was placed into conservatorship on September 7, 2008 by the U.S. government.  We sold our perpetual preferred stock held in FNMA and realized a loss of $880,000.
 
We routinely review our available-for-sale investments to determine whether unrealized losses represent temporary changes in fair value or were the result of "other-than-temporary impairments."  The process of determining whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired requires judgment and involves analyzing many factors.  The securities in our portfolio that we identified to be other-than-temporarily impaired were securities issued by financial institutions.  The impairments we recorded as other-than-temporary during the third quarter of 2008 included $5,647,000 of perpetual preferred stocks and $5,048,000 of senior debt issued by Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.
 
Other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $1,686,000 and $659,000, respectively.  Other expense in 2008 included an expense of $6,645,000 for the change in fair value of our insurance linked derivative contracts and $127,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits.  Offsetting these expenses in 2008 was $5,047,000 of net unrealized gains relating to changes in the fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as trading.  Our trading portfolio consists of non-U.S. dollar denominated securities, primarily European government and U.K. Government issued bonds, and during the quarter yields on those securities decreased resulting in an increase in fair value.  Other expense in 2007 included $2,357,000 of net unrealized gains relating to changes in the fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as trading, an expense of $2,955,000 for the change in fair value of our insurance linked derivative contracts, and $119,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits.  We entered into the above-mentioned insurance linked derivative contracts to mitigate our catastrophe loss exposure and manage our capital.  These contracts are discussed in more detail below in “Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
 
- 18 -

 
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 270,863       163,923     $ 106,940  
Net loss and LAE ratios
    96.5 %     56.5 %  
40.0 points  
 

The increases in net losses and LAE and the related ratios in 2008 as compared with 2007 were due to an increase in net losses from major catastrophes, partially offset by an increase in net favorable loss development.  We had $148,794,000 of losses in 2008 from major catastrophes occurring in 2008, including Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio in 2008 by 50.6 points.  This compared with $4,882,000 of losses in 2007 from major catastrophes which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio in 2007 by 1.7 points.  Net favorable loss development was $35,879,000 in 2008 as compared with $10,480,000 in 2007.  Net favorable loss development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses decreased the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 12.7 and 3.6 points, respectively.  Net favorable development in 2008 and 2007 emerged as actual reported losses were significantly less than expected and gained sufficient credibility in the current period to reduce estimated ultimate losses.  Rates across most of our classes of business have declined, resulting in higher net loss and LAE ratios in 2008.  However, net premiums earned increased in the Property and Marine segment and decreased in the Casualty segment.  This change in the mix of business offset the effect of the overall decline in rates as net loss ratios are generally lower in the Property and Marine segment than in the Casualty segment, excluding major catastrophe losses.
 
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net acquisition expenses
  $ 56,320       51,445     $ 4,875  
Net acquisition expense ratios
    20.1 %     17.7 %  
2.4 points
 

The increases in net acquisition expenses and the related net acquisition expense ratio in 2008 as compared with 2007 were due to higher commission rates in the 2008 underwriting year as compared with 2007.  Net acquisition expenses in 2008 and 2007 include adjustments to commissions related to prior years of $3,611,000 and $2,482,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.  The net adjustments to commissions and premiums related to prior years’ losses increased the net acquisition expense ratios by 1.3 and 0.8 points in 2008 and 2007, respectively.  The increase in the net acquisition expense ratio was also impacted by changes in the mix of business within both the Property and Marine and Casualty segments.
 
Operating expenses were $21,153,000 and $28,161,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  Operating expenses include costs such as salaries, rent and like items related to reinsurance operations as well as costs associated with Platinum Holdings and its non-operating intermediate holding company subsidiaries.  The decrease in expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to a decrease in performance based compensation accruals of $6,381,000 in 2008 as compared with 2007.  Also contributing to the decrease was the expiration on September 30, 2007 of the Services and Capacity Reservation Agreement with RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. ("RenaissanceRe") effective October 1, 2002 (the "RenRe Agreement") pursuant to which RenaissanceRe provided consulting services to us in connection with our property catastrophe book of business.  In 2007, we incurred fees of $2,724,000 pursuant to the RenRe Agreement.  Offsetting these decreases were one-time fees and expenses of $4,339,000 related to the agreement with Topiary Capital Limited ("Topiary"), which is discussed in more detail in “Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
 
Net foreign currency exchange losses for the three months ended September 30, 2008 were $6,134,000 compared with net foreign currency exchange gains of $1,429,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2007.  We routinely transact business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.  Foreign currency exchange gains and losses result from the re-valuation into U.S. dollars of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.  Net foreign currency exchange gains and losses arise as a result of fluctuations in the amounts of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as well as fluctuations in the currency exchange rates.  We periodically monitor our foreign currency exposures and may purchase or sell foreign currency denominated assets based on these exposures.  The net foreign currency exchange losses in 2008 were the result of us holding more non-U.S. dollar denominated assets than non-U.S. dollar denominated liabilities, primarily the Euro and the Pound Sterling, as the U.S. dollar strengthened against these currencies.
 
Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $4,752,000 and $5,457,000, respectively.  The decrease in interest expense in 2008 as compared with 2007 was the result of a reduction in our debt obligations outstanding in 2008 as compared with 2007.
 
Income tax expense (benefit) and the effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Income tax expense (benefit)
  $ (5,014 )     4,210     $ (9,224 )
Effective tax rates
    10.0 %     4.4 %  
5.6 points
 

- 19 -

 
The income tax benefit for 2008 as compared with the income tax expense for 2007 was due to the losses before income tax expense in 2008 as compared with income before income tax expense in 2007.  The effective tax rate in any given year is based on income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) of our subsidiaries that operate in various jurisdictions, each of which has its own corporate income tax rate.  Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda are not subject to corporate income tax.  The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a change in the distribution of losses before income tax benefit among subsidiaries operating in different tax jurisdictions.  In 2008, the percentage of the combined loss before income tax benefit derived from Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda was 75.2% as compared with 81.8% of income before income tax expense in 2007.
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Net income
  $ 162,188       254,786     $ 92,598  

The decrease in net income in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to a decrease in underwriting income of $64,632,000, a decrease in net investment income of $16,629,000 and an increase in net realized investment losses of $15,832,000.  The decrease in underwriting income was due to an increase in major catastrophe losses, partially offset by an increase in net favorable development in 2008 as compared with 2007.  The estimated net adverse impact in 2008 from major catastrophes, including Hurricanes Gustav and Ike and European storm Emma, was approximately $140,400,000 before taxes.  This compared to the estimated total net adverse impact in 2007 of $37,766,000 from major catastrophes, including European storm Kyrill and floods in the United Kingdom.  Net favorable development was $98,312,000 and $49,501,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 823,298       894,127     $ (70,829 )
Ceded premiums written
    23,025       15,355       7,670  
Net premiums written
    800,273       878,772       (78,499 )
                         
Gross premiums earned
    858,239       887,015       (28,776 )
Ceded premiums earned
    17,681       15,939       1,742  
Net premiums earned
  $ 840,558       871,076     $ (30,518 )

The decrease in gross premiums written in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily attributable to decreases in gross premiums written across most classes in the Casualty segment, partially offset by an increase in gross written premiums in the Property and Marine segment.  Net premiums written and net premiums earned in 2008 also included additional premiums of approximately $21,977,000 and $14,947,000, respectively, relating to reinsurance contracts that incurred losses arising from the major catastrophes, compared to $6,383,000 and $6,075,000, respectively, in 2007.  Ceded premiums written increased as we purchased additional retrocession protection for our North American property catastrophe business.  The decrease in net premiums earned was due to a decrease in net premiums written.
 
Net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $144,037,000 and $160,666,000, respectively.  Net investment income decreased in 2008 as compared with 2007 due to a decrease in yields on invested assets.  Net investment income included interest earned on funds held of $2,573,000 and $4,417,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Net realized losses on investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $18,353,000 and $2,521,000, respectively.  The increase in net realized losses on investments in 2008 as compared with 2007 was the result of $13,096,000 of other-than-temporary impairments and $5,257,000 resulting from the sale of securities.
 
Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $5,892,000 and $3,645,000, respectively.  Other expense in 2008 included an expense of $8,415,000 for the change in net fair value of our insurance linked derivative contracts, and $376,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits.  Partially offsetting these expenses was $1,990,000 of net unrealized gains relating to changes in fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as trading.  Other expense in 2007 includes $357,000 of net unrealized losses relating to changes in fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as trading, $347,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits, and an expense of $3,000,000 for the change in the net fair value of our insurance linked derivative contracts.
 
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 524,458       510,267     $ 14,191  
Net loss and LAE ratios
    62.4 %     58.6 %  
3.8 points
 
 
- 20 -

 
The increases in net losses and LAE and the related ratios in 2008 as compared with 2007 were due to an increase in major catastrophe losses, partially offset by an increase in net favorable loss development.  Losses from major catastrophes occurring in 2008 resulted in $156,113,000 of losses in 2008, which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio by 17.7 points.  Major catastrophe losses were $44,073,000 in 2007 which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio by 4.8 points.  Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios were also impacted by net favorable loss development of $112,320,000 in 2008 and $47,671,000 in 2007.  Net favorable loss development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses decreased the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 14.1 and 5.4 points, respectively.  Exclusive of major catastrophes and favorable loss development, the net loss and LAE ratio decreased by approximately 0.4 points.  While rates across most of our classes of business have declined resulting in higher expected net loss and LAE ratios, net premiums earned increased in the Property and Marine segment and decreased in the Casualty segment.  This change in the mix of business offset the effect of the overall decline in rates as net loss ratios are generally lower in the Property and Marine segment than in the Casualty segment, excluding major catastrophe losses.
 
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net acquisition expenses
  $ 182,999       156,392     $ 26,607  
Net acquisition expense ratios
    21.8 %     18.0 %  
3.8 points
 

The increases in net acquisition expenses and the related net acquisition expense ratio in 2008 as compared with 2007 were primarily due to increases in estimated commissions related to prior underwriting years.  Net increases in commissions in 2008 relating to prior years were $22,566,000 in 2008, as compared with decreases of $2,228,000 in 2007.  Net adjustments to commissions and premiums related to prior years’ losses increased the net acquisition expense ratio by 2.5 points in 2008 and decreased the net acquisition expense ratio by 0.2 points in 2007.  Changes in the mix of business within both the Property and Marine and Casualty segments also contributed to the increase in the net acquisition expense ratio.
 
Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $67,943,000 and $77,475,000, respectively.  The decrease in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to the expiration on September 30, 2007 of the RenRe Agreement.  In 2007, we incurred fees of $7,776,000 pursuant to the RenRe Agreement.  Also contributing to this decrease was a decrease in performance based compensation in 2008 of $4,866,000 as compared with 2007.  Offsetting these decreases were one-time fees and expenses of $4,339,000 related to the agreement with Topiary.
 
Net foreign currency exchange losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 were $3,263,000 compared to net foreign currency exchange gains of $2,887,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.  The net foreign currency exchange losses in 2008 were the result of us holding more non-U.S. dollar denominated assets than non-U.S. dollar denominated liabilities, primarily the Euro and the Pound Sterling, as the U.S. dollar strengthened against these currencies.
 
Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $14,253,000 and $16,368,000, respectively.  The decrease in interest expense was the result of a reduction in our debt obligations outstanding in 2008 as compared with 2007.
 
Income tax expense and the effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Income tax expense
  $ 5,246       13,175     $ 7,929  
Effective tax rates
    3.1 %     4.9 %  
1.8 points
 

The decrease in income tax expense in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due to the decrease in taxable income generated by our subsidiaries that operate in taxable jurisdictions.  The decrease in the effective tax rate was the result of a greater portion of income before income tax expense being generated by Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda, which are not subject to corporate income tax, in 2008 as compared with 2007.  In 2008, the percentage of the income before income tax expense derived from Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda was 88.6% as compared with 80.0% in 2007.  The effective tax rate in any given period is based on income before income tax expense of our subsidiaries that operate in various taxable jurisdictions, each of which has its own corporate income tax rate.
 
Segment Information
 
We conduct our worldwide reinsurance business through three operating segments: Property and Marine, Casualty and Finite Risk.  In managing our operating segments, we use measures such as underwriting income and underwriting ratios to evaluate segment performance.  We do not allocate by segment our assets or certain income and expenses such as investment income, interest expense and certain corporate expenses.  Total underwriting income is reconciled to income before income tax expense.  The measures we use in evaluating our operating segments should not be used as a substitute for measures determined under U.S. GAAP.  The following table summarizes underwriting activity and ratios for the three operating segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 ($ in thousands):
 
- 21 -

 
   
Property
and Marine
   
Casualty
   
Finite Risk
   
Total
 
                         
Three months ended September 30, 2008:
                       
Net premiums written
  $ 167,136       106,826       5,180     $ 279,142  
Net premiums earned
    151,763       124,319       4,643       280,725  
Net losses and LAE
    183,759       86,057       1,047       270,863  
Net acquisition expenses
    23,691       29,191       3,438       56,320  
Other underwriting expenses
    11,543       4,948       286       16,777  
Segment underwriting income (loss)
  $ (67,230 )     4,123       (128 )     (63,235 )
                                 
Net investment income
      48,043  
Net realized losses on investments
      (18,214 )
Net foreign currency exchange losses
      (6,134 )
Other expense
      (1,686 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (4,376 )
Interest expense
      (4,752 )
Loss before income tax benefit
    $ (50,354 )
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    121.1 %     69.2 %     22.6 %     96.5 %
Net acquisition expense
    15.6 %     23.5 %     74.0 %     20.1 %
Other underwriting expense
    7.6 %     4.0 %     6.2 %     6.0 %
Combined
    144.3 %     96.7 %     102.8 %     122.6 %
                                 
Three months ended September 30, 2007:
                               
Net premiums written
  $ 142,549       141,214       8,369     $ 292,132  
Net premiums earned
    128,380       153,938       7,992       290,310  
Net losses and LAE
    43,396       110,365       10,162       163,923  
Net acquisition expenses
    18,549       33,403       (507 )     51,445  
Other underwriting expenses
    12,086       8,304       367       20,757  
Segment underwriting income (loss)
  $ 54,349       1,866       (2,030 )     54,185  
                                 
Net investment income
      54,283  
Net realized losses on investments
      (864 )
Net foreign currency exchange gains
      1,429  
Other expense
      (659 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (7,404 )
Interest expense
      (5,457 )
Income before income tax expense
    $ 95,513  
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    33.8 %     71.7 %     127.2 %     56.5 %
Acquisition expense
    14.4 %     21.7 %     (6.3 %)     17.7 %
Other underwriting expense
    9.4 %     5.4 %     4.6 %     7.1 %
Combined
    57.6 %     98.8 %     125.5 %     81.3 %
 
- 22 -

 
     
Property and Marine 
     
Casualty 
     
Finite Risk 
     
Total 
 
                                 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008:
                               
Net premiums written
  $ 454,541       335,295       10,437     $ 800,273  
Net premiums earned
    446,869       385,059       8,630       840,558  
Net losses and LAE
    279,165       252,233       (6,940 )     524,458  
Net acquisition expenses
    69,119       98,893       14,987       182,999  
Other underwriting expenses
    29,774       18,734       961       49,469  
Segment underwriting income (loss)
  $ 68,811       15,199       (378 )     83,632  
                                 
Net investment income
      144,037  
Net realized losses on investments
      (18,353 )
Net foreign currency exchange losses
      (3,263 )
Other expense
      (5,892 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (18,474 )
Interest expense
      (14,253 )
Income before income tax expense
    $ 167,434  
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    62.5 %     65.5 %     (80.4 %)     62.4 %
Net acquisition expense
    15.5 %     25.7 %     173.7 %     21.8 %
Other underwriting expense
    6.7 %     4.9 %     11.1 %     5.9 %
Combined
    84.7 %     96.1 %     104.4 %     90.1 %
                                 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007:
                               
Net premiums written
  $ 399,429       455,945       23,398     $ 878,772  
Net premiums earned
    373,226       471,802       26,048       871,076  
Net losses and LAE
    149,265       340,740       20,262       510,267  
Net acquisition expenses
    50,748       105,499       145       156,392  
Other underwriting expenses
    32,696       21,463       1,994       56,153  
Segment underwriting income
  $ 140,517       4,100       3,647       148,264  
                                 
Net investment income
      160,666  
Net realized losses on investments
      (2,521 )
Net foreign currency exchange gains
      2,887  
Other expense
      (3,645 )
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments
      (21,322 )
Interest expense
      (16,368 )
Income before income tax expense
    $ 267,961  
                                 
Ratios:
                               
Net loss and LAE
    40.0 %     72.2 %     77.8 %     58.6 %
Net acquisition expense
    13.6 %     22.4 %     0.6 %     18.0 %
Other underwriting expense
    8.8 %     4.5 %     7.7 %     6.4 %
Combined
    62.4 %     99.1 %     86.1 %     83.0 %

- 23 -

 
                Property and Marine
 
The Property and Marine operating segment includes principally property, including crop, and marine reinsurance coverages that are written in the U.S. and international markets.  This business includes property catastrophe excess-of-loss contracts, property per-risk excess-of-loss contracts and property proportional contracts.  This operating segment represented 59.9% and 48.8% of our net premiums written during the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 56.8% and 45.4% of our net premiums written during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 176,677       146,948     $ 29,729  
Ceded premiums written
    9,541       4,399       5,142  
Net premiums written
    167,136       142,549       24,587  
                         
Gross premiums earned
    158,837       131,884       26,953  
Ceded premiums earned
    7,074       3,504       3,570  
Net premiums earned
  $ 151,763       128,380     $ 23,383  

The increase in gross premiums written in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to an increase in North American crop and excess catastrophe business.  Net premiums written and net premiums earned in 2008 also included additional premiums of approximately $20,336,000 and $13,306,000, respectively, relating to reinsurance contracts that incurred losses arising from the major catastrophes, compared to $766,000 and $623,000, respectively, in 2007.  The increase in ceded premiums written was attributable to the purchase of additional retrocession protection for our North American property catastrophe business.  Net premiums earned in 2008 increased primarily as a result of increases in net premiums written in prior quarters.
 
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 183,759       43,396     $ 140,363  
Net loss and LAE ratios
    121.1 %     33.8 %  
87.3 points
 

The increases in net losses and LAE and the related ratios in 2008 as compared with 2007 were due to an increase in major catastrophe losses, partially offset by an increase in net favorable loss development.  We had $148,794,000 of net losses from major catastrophes in 2008, which with related premium adjustments increased the net loss and LAE ratio by 95.6 points.  In comparison, we had net losses from major catastrophes of $4,882,000 in 2007 which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio by 3.8 points.  Net favorable loss development was $22,150,000 and $13,898,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.  Net favorable loss development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses decreased the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 13.9 and 10.9 points, respectively.  Exclusive of the catastrophe losses and net favorable loss development, the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 were comparable.  The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by changes in the mix of business.
 
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net acquisition expenses
  $ 23,691       18,549     $ 5,142  
Net acquisition expense ratios
    15.6 %     14.4 %  
1.2 points
 

The increase in net acquisition expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to an increase in net premiums earned.  The increase in the net acquisition expense ratio was due in part to higher commission rates in the 2008 underwriting year as compared with 2007, as well as changes in the mix of business.
 
Other underwriting expenses in 2008 and 2007 were $11,543,000 and $12,086,000, respectively.  The decrease in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due to a decrease in performance based compensation accruals allocated to the segment in 2008 and the expiration of the RenRe Agreement on September 30, 2007.  Other underwriting expenses in 2007 included fees of $2,724,000 relating to the RenRe Agreement.  Offsetting the decreases in 2008 were one-time fees and expenses of $4,339,000 related to the agreement with Topiary.
 
- 24 -

 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 477,599       416,676     $ 60,923  
Ceded premiums written
    23,058       17,247       5,811  
Net premiums written
    454,541       399,429       55,112  
                         
Gross premiums earned
    464,583       391,064       73,519  
Ceded premiums earned
    17,714       17,838       (124 )
Net premiums earned
  $ 446,869       373,226     $ 73,643  

The increase in gross premiums written in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to an increase in North American crop and excess catastrophe business.  Net premiums written and net premiums earned in 2008 also included additional premiums of approximately $21,977,000 and $14,947,000, respectively, relating to reinsurance contracts that incurred losses arising from the major catastrophes, compared to $6,181,000 and $5,873,000, respectively, in 2007.  The increase in ceded premiums written was attributable to the purchase of additional retrocession protection for our North American property catastrophe business.  This increase was partially offset by a decrease that resulted from the non-renewal in 2007 of a quota share retrocessional agreement under which we ceded 30% of our property catastrophe business.  Net premiums earned in 2008 increased primarily as a result of the increase in net premiums written.
 
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 279,165       149,265     $ 129,900  
Net loss and LAE ratios
    62.5 %     40.0 %  
22.5 points
 

The increases in net losses and LAE and the related ratios in 2008 as compared with 2007 were due to an increase in major catastrophe losses, partially offset by an increase in net favorable loss development.  We had net losses of $156,113,000 from major catastrophes in 2008 which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio by 33.9 points, as compared with of net losses of $44,073,000 from major catastrophes in 2007 which, with related premium adjustments, increased the net loss and LAE ratio by 11.4 points.  Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios were also impacted by net favorable loss development of $60,238,000 in 2008 as compared with $40,848,000 in 2007.  Net favorable loss development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses decreased the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 14.8 and 10.9 points, respectively.  Exclusive of losses related to major catastrophes and net favorable loss development, the net loss and LAE ratio increased by approximately 3.6 points in 2008 primarily due to an increase in crop quota share business that has a higher expected loss ratio than the remainder of the segment.  The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by other changes in the mix of business.
 
Net acquisition expenses and the resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
 
Net acquisition expenses
  $ 69,119       50,748     $ 18,371  
Net acquisition expense ratios
    15.5 %     13.6 %  
1.9 points
 

The increase in net acquisition expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to an increase in net premiums earned.  The increase in the net acquisition expense ratio in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due to higher commission rates in the 2008 underwriting year as compared with 2007 as well as changes in the mix of business.  Net acquisition expenses and the related net acquisition expense ratio were also affected by commissions related to prior years.  Net increases in commissions related to prior years were $5,100,000 and $1,075,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Other underwriting expenses in 2008 and 2007 were $29,774,000 and $32,696,000, respectively.  The decrease in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to a decrease in performance based compensation accruals in 2008 and the expiration of the RenRe Agreement on September 30, 2007.  Other underwriting expenses in 2007 included fees of $5,052,000 relating to the RenRe Agreement.  Offsetting the decreases in 2008 were $4,339,000 of fees and expenses in 2008 related to the agreement with Topiary.
 
- 25 -

              
                Casualty
 
The Casualty operating segment principally includes reinsurance contracts that cover umbrella liability, general and product liability, professional liability, workers' compensation, casualty clash, automobile liability, surety, trade credit, political risk and accident and health.  This operating segment represented 38.3% and 48.3% of our net premiums written during the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 41.9% and 51.9% of our net premiums written during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Decrease
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 106,826       141,214     $ 34,388  
Ceded premiums written
                 
Net premiums written
    106,826       141,214       34,388  
                         
Gross premiums earned
    124,319       153,957       29,638  
Ceded premiums earned
          19       19  
Net premiums earned
  $ 124,319       153,938     $ 29,619  

The decrease in net premiums written in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to decreases in business underwritten in 2008 and 2007 across most North American casualty classes, with the most significant decreases in the North American excess classes.  The decrease was the result of fewer opportunities that met our underwriting standards.  The decrease in net premiums earned was the result of the decrease in net premiums written.  Net premiums written and earned were also affected by changes in the mix of business and the structure of the underlying reinsurance contracts.
 
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 86,057       110,365     $ 24,308  
Net loss and LAE ratios
    69.2 %     71.7 %  
2.5 points
 

The decrease in net losses and LAE in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned and an increase in net favorable loss development.  Net favorable loss development was $12,469,000 in 2008 as compared with net unfavorable loss development of $954,000 in 2007.  Net favorable loss development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses decreased the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 10.3 points in 2008 and increased the net loss and LAE ratios by 0.6 points in 2007.  Exclusive of net loss development, the net loss and LAE ratio increased by approximately 7.8 points in 2008 as compared with 2007.  The increase is primarily attributable to losses related to a reinsurance contract covering leased private passenger automobile residual values.  Losses related to this contract were $11,008,000 in 2008.  Also impacting the loss ratio were higher initial expected loss ratios in certain significant classes reflecting a decline in price adequacy offset by a reduction in medical malpractice loss ratios due to better than expected experience and trends.  The loss ratio was also impacted by changes in the mix of business.
 
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Net acquisition expenses
  $ 29,191       33,403     $ (4,212 )
Net acquisition expense ratios
    23.5 %     21.7 %  
1.8 points
 

The decrease in net acquisition expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due to the decrease in net premiums earned.  The increase in the net acquisition expense ratio was due, in part, to lesser adjustments to decrease commissions in 2008 relating to prior years and to deteriorating terms and conditions that have generally resulted in higher commission and brokerage rates.  Net decreases in commissions relating to prior years were $670,000 in 2008, representing 0.6% of net premiums earned, and $2,968,000 in 2007, representing 1.9% of net premiums earned.  Net acquisition expense ratios were also impacted by changes in the mix of business.
 
Other underwriting expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $4,948,000 and $8,304,000, respectively.  This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in performance based compensation accruals allocated to the segment.
 
- 26 -

 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 335,262       455,996     $ 120,734  
Ceded premiums written
    (33 )     51       84  
Net premiums written
    335,295       455,945       120,650  
                         
Gross premiums earned
    385,026       471,845       86,819  
Ceded premiums earned
    (33 )     43       76  
Net premiums earned
  $ 385,059       471,802     $ 86,743  

The decrease in net premiums written in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to decreases in business underwritten in 2008 and 2007 across most North American casualty classes, with the most significant decreases in the umbrella class.  The decrease was the result of fewer opportunities that met our underwriting standards.  The decrease in net premiums earned was the result of the decrease in net premiums written.  Net premiums written and earned were also affected by changes in the mix of business and the structure of the underlying reinsurance contracts.
 
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 252,233       340,740     $ 88,507  
Net loss and LAE ratios
    65.5 %     72.2 %  
6.7 points
 

The decreases in net losses and LAE and the related ratios in 2008 as compared with 2007 were primarily due to a decrease in net premiums earned and an increase in net favorable loss development.  Net favorable loss development was $40,124,000 in 2008 and $2,476,000 in 2007.  Net favorable loss development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses decreased the net loss and LAE ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 10.6 and 0.5 points, respectively.  Exclusive of net favorable loss development, the net loss and LAE ratio increased in 2008 as compared with 2007 due to $11,008,000 of losses in 2008 related to a reinsurance contract covering leased private passenger automobile residual values and higher initial expected loss ratios in certain significant classes reflecting a decline in price adequacy.  The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by changes in the mix of business.
 
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase (decrease)
 
Net acquisition expenses
  $ 98,893       105,499     $ (6,606 )
Net acquisition expense ratios
    25.7 %     22.4 %  
3.3 points
 

The decrease in net acquisition expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due to the decrease in net premiums earned.  The increase in the net acquisition expense ratio in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due, in part, to differences in commissions relating to prior years and to deteriorating terms and conditions that have generally resulted in higher commission and brokerage rates.  Net acquisition expenses in 2008 included an increase in commissions relating to prior years of $4,742,000, representing 1.2% of net premiums earned as compared with a decrease of $4,551,000 in 2007, representing 0.9% of net premiums earned.  Net acquisition expense ratios were also impacted by changes in the mix of business.
 
Other underwriting expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, were $18,734,000 and $21,463,000, respectively.  This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in performance based compensation accruals allocated to the segment.
 
                Finite Risk
 
The Finite Risk operating segment includes principally structured reinsurance contracts with ceding companies whose needs may not be met efficiently through traditional reinsurance products.  In exchange for contractual features that limit our downside risk, reinsurance contracts that we classify as finite risk provide the potential for significant profit commission to the ceding company.  The classes of risks underwritten through finite risk contracts are generally consistent with the classes covered by traditional products.  The finite risk contracts that we underwrite generally provide prospective protection, meaning coverage is provided for losses that are incurred after inception of the contract, as contrasted with retrospective coverage, which covers losses that are incurred prior to inception of the contract.  The three main categories of our finite risk contracts are quota share, multi-year excess-of-loss and whole account aggregate stop loss.  Due to the often significant inverse relationship between losses and commissions for this segment, we believe it is important to evaluate the overall combined ratio, rather than its component parts of net loss and LAE ratio and net acquisition expense ratio.  The ongoing industry-wide investigations by legal and regulatory authorities into potential misuse of finite products have curtailed demand for these products beginning in 2005.  This diminished demand continues in 2008.  This operating segment represented 1.8% and 2.9% of our net premiums written during the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 1.3% and 2.7% of our net premiums written during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
- 27 -

 
 Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Decrease
 
Net premiums written
  $ 5,180       8,369     $ 3,189  
Net premiums earned
  $ 4,643       7,992     $ 3,349  

The decreases in net premiums written and earned in 2008 as compared with 2007 reflect the continuing reduction in the demand for finite business.
 
Net losses and LAE, net acquisition expenses and the resulting net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ 1,047       10,162     $ (9,115 )
Net acquisition expenses
    3,438       (507 )     3,945  
Net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses
  $ 4,485       9,655     $ (5,170 )
Net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios
    96.6 %     120.9 %  
(24.3) points
 

The decrease in net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned.  The decrease in the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratio was due to less net unfavorable development in 2008 as compared with 2007.  Net unfavorable development was $966,000 in 2008 as compared with $1,410,000 in 2007.  Net unfavorable development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses increased the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios in 2008 and 2007 by 20.8 and 17.7 points, respectively.  Exclusive of net unfavorable development, the decrease in the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratio is the result of the expiration of a contract that experienced greater than expected loss activity in 2007 and the recognition of additional premium relating to prior years for which there were no related losses.
 
Other underwriting expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $286,000 and $367,000, respectively.  The decrease in 2008 as compared with 2007 is the result of less expense incurred by the Finite Risk segment as the demand for finite risk products decreases.
 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Gross premiums written
  $ 10,437       21,455     $ (11,018 )
Ceded premiums written
          (1,943 )     1,943  
Net premiums written
    10,437       23,398       (12,961 )
                         
Gross premiums earned
    8,630       24,106       (15,476 )
Ceded premiums earned
          (1,942 )     1,942  
Net premiums earned
  $ 8,630       26,048     $ (17,418 )

The decreases in net premiums written and net premiums earned in 2008 as compared with 2007 reflect the continuing reduction in the demand for finite business.
 
Net losses and LAE, net acquisition expenses and the resulting net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
Increase
(decrease)
 
Net losses and LAE
  $ (6,940 )     20,262     $ (27,202 )
Net acquisition expenses
    14,987       145       14,842  
Net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses
  $ 8,047       20,407     $ (12,360 )
Net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios
    93.2 %     78.4 %  
14.8 points
 

The decrease in net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses in 2008 as compared with 2007 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned.  The increase in the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratio was primarily due to net unfavorable development in 2008 as compared with net favorable development in 2007.  Net unfavorable development was $767,000 in 2008 as compared with net favorable development of $3,099,000 in 2007.  Net unfavorable development and premium adjustments related to prior years’ losses increased the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios in 2008 by 8.8 points, while net favorable development decreased the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios in 2007 by 12.2 points.  Exclusive of net favorable development, the decrease in the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratio is the result of the expiration of a contract that experienced greater than expected loss activity in 2007 and the recognition of additional premium relating to prior years for which there were no related losses.
 
- 28 -

 
Other underwriting expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $961,000 and $1,994,000, respectively.  The decrease in 2008 as compared with 2007 was due to a decline in underwriting activity in the segment and a lower percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the segment.
 
 Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
                Financial Condition
 
We maintain investment guidelines for the management of our investment portfolio.  The primary objective of the investment portfolio is to maximize investment returns consistent with appropriate safety, diversification, tax and regulatory considerations and to provide sufficient liquidity to enable us to meet our obligations on a timely basis.  Within our fixed maturity portfolio, we invest in investment grade securities.  Our investment guidelines generally contain restrictions on the portion of the portfolio that may be invested in the securities of any single issue or issuer, with the exception of U.S. government securities, and provide that financial futures and options and foreign exchange contracts may not be used in a speculative manner but may be used only as part of a defensive hedging strategy.  We do not invest in instruments such as credit default swaps or collateralized debt obligations.  As of September 30, 2008, we did not hold any common equities in our investment portfolio.  Any changes to our investment guidelines are subject to the ongoing oversight and approval of our board of directors.  In October 2008 our board of directors authorized investments in common equities up to a maximum of 10% of the investment portfolio.
 
Our available-for-sale and trading portfolios are primarily composed of well diversified, high quality, predominantly publicly-traded fixed maturity securities.  The investment portfolio, excluding cash and cash equivalents, had a duration of 3.5 years as of September 30, 2008.  We routinely monitor the composition of our investment portfolio and cash flows in order to maintain the liquidity necessary to meet our obligations.
 
As of September 30, 2008, we had $696,660,000 of cash, cash equivalents and short term investments and the fair value of our fixed maturity securities was $3,562,033,000 with a net unrealized loss of $182,989,000.  The following is a breakdown of our fixed maturity securities as of September 30, 2008 ($ in thousands):
 
   
Fair Value
   
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
   
Average Credit Quality
 
                   
U.S. Government
  $ 483,855     $ (5,389 )  
Aaa
 
U.S. Government agencies
    355,781       (1,279 )  
Aaa
 
Corporate bonds:
                     
Industrial
    385,315       (11,069 )     A2  
Finance
    162,761       (28,879 )  
Aa3
 
Utilities
    48,614       (1,731 )     A2  
Insurance
    53,113       (2,506 )  
Aa3
 
Preferreds with maturity date
    25,008       (7,837 )     A1  
Hybrid trust preferreds
    14,402       (2,114 )     A1  
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities:
                       
U.S. Government agency residential mortgage-backed securities
    721,800       (886 )  
Aaa
 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
    420,910       (49,826 )  
Aaa
 
Asset-backed securities
    153,954       (2,523 )  
Aaa
 
Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
    125,730       (36,774 )  
Aaa
 
Sub-prime asset-backed securities
    23,394       (18,729 )  
Aa3
 
Alt-A residential mortgage-backed securities
    12,355       (8,785 )  
Aa3
 
Municipal bonds
    356,428       (5,039 )  
Aa2
 
Foreign governments and states
    215,526       377    
Aa1
 
Total fixed maturities
    3,558,946       (182,989 )  
Aa1
 
Preferred stocks
    3,087             A1  
Total
  $ 3,562,033     $ (182,989 )  
Aa1
 

During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the financial markets experienced a loss of liquidity and significant adverse credit events that in turn led to widespread declines in the value of financial instruments.  Market events included but were not limited to: FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC") being placed into conservatorship by the U.S. government; several bank mergers and insolvencies; a temporary ban on short selling of financial stocks; major independent investment banks converting into bank holding companies; the U.S. government making a significant loan to a large multinational insurance company in exchange for a majority equity position in the company; and the nationalization of several non-U.S. financial institutions by their respective governments.
 
Although interest rates decreased during the quarter, spreads widened relative to treasuries across all asset classes in our investment portfolio resulting in the increase in our unrealized loss position.  In particular, spreads for debt securities issued by financial institutions increased significantly.  During the three months ended September 30, 2008, in order to reduce our exposure to holdings in financial institutions, we sold approximately $207,305,000 of corporate bonds and cash equivalents issued by financial institutions.  We also recorded other-than-temporary impairments during the three months ended September 30, 2008 on perpetual preferred stocks and senior debt issued by financial institutions.
 
- 29 -

 
As of September 30, 2008, we held corporate bonds issued by financial institutions with a book value of approximately $191,640,000 and an unrealized loss of $28,879,000.  Our holdings of perpetual preferred stocks, preferred stocks with maturity dates and hybrid trust preferred stocks issued by financial institutions had a book value of approximately $47,287,000 and an ending unrealized loss of $9,749,000 as of September 30, 2008.  Although there are uncertainties in the current financial markets associated with financial institutions, we believe the coordinated actions by major governments and central banks to provide capital support to financial institutions and reduce interest rates coupled with our ability to hold these securities until recovery will allow us to recover the book value on these securities.
 
Our mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities represent our largest unrealized loss position of $117,523,000 or 64% of the unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2008.  Approximately 49% of the mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities in our investment portfolio were issued or guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association, FNMA, or FHLMC and are referred to as U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities.
 
The unrealized loss position of our commercial mortgage-backed securities portfolio was $49,826,000 as of September 30, 2008.  These securities have strong subordination, low loan-to-value ratios, and a weighted average credit rating of Aaa as of September 30, 2008.
 
The U.S. sub-prime residential mortgage market continues to experience higher than expected delinquencies.  The securities in our investment portfolio with underlying sub-prime mortgage exposure were investment grade as of September 30, 2008.  The following table summarizes the nine asset-backed securities within our fixed income portfolio exposed to the sub-prime residential mortgage market as of September 30, 2008 ($ in thousands):
 
   
Amortized
Cost
   
Fair Value
 
Vintage year 2005 and ratings of Aa or A
  $ 38,131     $ 21,373  
Vintage year 2006 and ratings of Aaa or Aa
    3,993       2,021  
Total
  $ 42,124     $ 23,394  

Our investment portfolio included securities with an amortized cost of $21,140,000 and fair value of $12,355,000 where the underlying collateral consists primarily of “Alt-A” mortgages.  These securities had a weighted average credit rating of Aa3 at September 30, 2008.
 
We continually monitor market events that impact our portfolio, including our sub-prime and Alt-A securities, and review our portfolio for potential other-than-temporary impairments.  We expect to collect the cash flows from principal repayments and interest payments associated with our mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities.  We did not consider any of the mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities we held to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2008.
 
Certain assets and liabilities associated with underwriting include significant estimates.  Reinsurance premiums receivable, deferred acquisition costs, unpaid losses and LAE, unearned premiums and commissions payable all represent or include significant estimates.  Reinsurance premiums receivable as of September 30, 2008 of $295,914,000 included $256,018,000 that was based upon estimates.  Reinsurance premiums receivable as of December 31, 2007 of $244,360,000 included $195,890,000 that was based upon estimates.  Reinsurance premiums receivable at any point in time is a function of the amount of premiums written as well as the contractual terms of settlement included in each reinsurance agreement.  The increase in reinsurance premiums receivable as of September 30, 2008 as compared with December 31, 2007 was primarily due to the contractual terms of settlement included in reinsurance agreements in lines of business such as in the North American crop business.  An allowance for uncollectible reinsurance premiums is considered for possible non-payment of such amounts due, as deemed necessary.  As of September 30, 2008, based on our historical experience, the general profile of our ceding companies and our ability, in most cases, to contractually offset reinsurance premiums receivable with losses and LAE or other amounts payable to the same parties, we did not establish an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance premiums receivable.
 
Gross unpaid losses and LAE as of September 30, 2008 of $2,460,185,000 included $1,809,300,000 of estimates of claims that are incurred but not reported ("IBNR").  Gross unpaid losses and LAE as of December 31, 2007 of $2,361,038,000 included $1,700,454,000 of IBNR.  The increase in unpaid losses was primarily attributable to the estimated losses incurred and unpaid related to Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in the Property and Marine segment.
 
Commissions payable includes estimated commissions that are comprised of estimated profit commission and commission on premium estimates.  Commissions payable as of September 30, 2008 of $122,699,000 included $107,193,000 of estimated commissions.  Commissions payable as of December 31, 2007 of $100,204,000 included $91,035,000 of estimated commissions.  The increase in commissions payable as of September 30, 2008 as compared with December 31, 2007 was consistent with the increase in reinsurance premiums receivable.
 
We entered into three insurance linked derivative contracts during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  We entered into an option agreement to purchase industry loss warranty retrocessional protection.  The option period was March 19, 2008 to August 27, 2008 and the entire option fee of $1,250,000 was included in other expense in 2008.
 
- 30 -

 
The second insurance linked derivative was a contract under which we can recover up to $120,000,000 from the counterparty if modeled losses from both a first and second catastrophe event resulting from U.S. wind, California earthquake or European wind exceed a specified attachment point.  The term of this contract is from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008, at a cost of $5,510,000.  The estimated net fair value of this derivative was determined using unobservable inputs through the application of our own assumptions and internal models based on assumptions that we believe market participants would use.  The resulting net liability and change in net fair value of $4,040,000 was included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and included in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
In August 2008, we entered into an agreement with Topiary, a Cayman Islands special purpose vehicle.  Under the terms of our agreement with Topiary, we will pay to Topiary $9,500,000 during each of the three annual periods commencing August 1, 2008.  In return the agreement provides us with the ability to recover up to $200,000,000 should two catastrophic events involving U.S. wind, U.S. earthquake, European wind, or Japanese earthquake occur that meet specified loss criteria during any of the three annual periods.  Both the initial activation event and the qualifying second event must occur in the same annual period.  The maximum amount that we can recover over the three-year period is $200,000,000.  Topiary collateralized its limit of loss by placing $200,000,000 of high quality investments in a secured collateral account.  Any recovery we make under this contract is based on an index using insured property industry loss estimates that are compiled by Property Claim Services, a division of Insurance Services Offices, Inc., for certain U.S. perils, and parametric triggers for certain non-U.S. perils, and is not based on actual losses we may incur.  Consequently, the transaction was accounted for as a derivative and was carried at the estimated net fair value.  The resulting net liability and change in net fair value of $3,125,000 was included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet and other expense in our consolidated statement of operations.  One-time fees and expenses of $4,339,000 related to the agreement with Topiary were included in operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
                Sources of Liquidity
 
Our consolidated sources of funds consist primarily of premiums written, investment income, proceeds from sales and redemption of investments, losses recovered from retrocessionaires, issuance of securities and actual cash and cash equivalents held by us.  Net cash flows provided by operations, excluding trading security activities, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 were $254,567,000.
 
Platinum Holdings is a holding company that conducts no reinsurance operations of its own.  Our reinsurance operations are conducted primarily through our wholly owned reinsurance subsidiaries, Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US.  As a holding company, the cash flows of Platinum Holdings consist primarily of interest income, dividends and other permissible payments from its subsidiaries and issuances of securities.  Platinum Holdings depends on such payments for general corporate purposes and to meet its obligations, including the payment of preferred dividends, common dividends and repurchases of common shares.  The maximum amount available for payment of dividends or other distributions by the reinsurance subsidiaries of Platinum Holdings in 2008 without prior regulatory approval is approximately $398,241,000.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, dividends of $300,000,000 were paid by Platinum Bermuda to Platinum Holdings.
 
In addition to the net cash flows generated from operations, we have an effective universal shelf registration statement whereby we may issue and sell, in one or more offerings, up to $750,000,000 of debt, equity and other types of securities or a combination of such securities, including debt securities of Platinum Finance that would be unconditionally guaranteed by Platinum Holdings.  This shelf registration statement had approximately $440,000,000 of remaining capacity as of September 30, 2008.  We also have a $400,000,000 credit facility with a syndicate of lenders available for revolving borrowings and letters of credit expiring on September 13, 2011.  The credit facility is generally available for our working capital, liquidity, letters of credit and general corporate requirements.  As of September 30, 2008 this facility had approximately $318,000,000 of remaining capacity.
 
                Liquidity Requirements
 
Our principal consolidated cash requirements are the payment of losses and LAE, commissions, brokerage, operating expenses, dividends to our preferred and common shareholders, the servicing of debt, capital expenditures, purchase of retrocessional contracts and payment of taxes.
 
Platinum Bermuda is not licensed, approved or accredited as a reinsurer anywhere in the U.S.  Therefore, under the terms of most of its reinsurance contracts with U.S. ceding companies, it may be required to provide collateral to its ceding companies for unpaid ceded liabilities in a form acceptable to the ceding companies and the relevant state insurance commissioners.  Typically, this type of collateral takes the form of letters of credit issued by a bank, the establishment of a trust or funds withheld.  Platinum Bermuda provides letters of credit through commercial banks and may be required to provide the banks with a security interest in certain investments of Platinum Bermuda including the credit facility described above.
 
Net cash flows available to us may be influenced by a variety of factors, including economic conditions in general and in the insurance and reinsurance markets, legal and regulatory changes as well as fluctuations from year to year in claims experience and the occurrence or absence of large catastrophic events.  We believe that the net cash flows generated by the operating activities of our subsidiaries in combination with cash and cash equivalents on hand will provide sufficient funds to meet our liquidity needs over the next twelve months.  Beyond the next twelve months, if our liquidity needs accelerate beyond our ability to fund such obligations from current operating cash flows, we may need to liquidate a portion of our investment portfolio, borrow under the credit facility described above or raise additional capital in the capital markets.  Our ability to meet our liquidity needs by selling investments or raising additional capital is subject to the timing and pricing risks inherent in the capital markets.
 
                Capital Resources
 
The Company does not have any material commitments for capital expenditures as of September 30, 2008.
 
                Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements and, therefore, there is no effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources from these types of arrangements.
 
- 31 -

 
                Contractual Obligations
 
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations as disclosed under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition – Contractual Obligations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
 Economic Conditions
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the financial markets experienced a loss of liquidity and significant adverse credit events that in turn led to widespread declines in the value of financial instruments.  These events resulted in intervention by central banks to inject liquidity into the financial system in an effort to promote stability.  Unfavorable economic conditions, such as recession, may follow the current market conditions.  Periods of moderate economic recession or inflation tend not to have a significant direct effect on our underwriting operations.  However, significant unexpected inflationary or recessionary periods can impact our underwriting operations and investment portfolio.  Management considers the potential impact of economic trends in the estimation process for establishing unpaid losses and LAE and in determining our investment strategies.
 
 Current Outlook
 
We believe that the combination of recent significant catastrophe losses, declines in asset values due to the loss of liquidity and adverse events in the credit and capital markets and share repurchase activity has reduced industry capacity.  The current adverse conditions in the financial markets have made both debt and equity capital either unavailable or significantly more expensive to access than in the recent past.  As reinsurance serves primary insurers as a replacement of dedicated capital, we believe demand for reinsurance will increase.  Since reinsurers are also challenged by the current adverse conditions in the financial markets, they may be reluctant to deploy their capacity without appropriate rate increases.  Therefore, we expect that most classes of business will experience some rate strengthening for the remainder of 2008 and into 2009 with the Property and Marine business responding first.
 
During the period from January 1, 2008 through October 1, 2008, approximately 97% of our business was up for renewal.  While rate adequacy declined in most classes, we found relatively more attractive opportunities in our Property and Marine segment and fewer attractive opportunities in our Casualty and Finite segments.  Our overall portfolio of business declined approximately 5%.
 
For the Property and Marine segment, during the period from January 1, 2008 through October 1, 2008 we experienced average rate decreases of 8% on our U.S. property catastrophe excess renewal business while rates on our non-U.S. property catastrophe excess renewal business were down 4%.  On average, rates for our portfolio of US catastrophe business that renewed after April 1 were unchanged.  In addition, we experienced average rate decreases of approximately 12% on our marine renewal business.  Per risk excess rates decreased by approximately 6% on average for our U.S. business and by approximately 3% on average for our non-U.S. business.
 
During the period from January 1 through October 1, 2008, we increased our writings of North American crop business from approximately $48,000,000 to approximately $130,000,000.  Most of this increase was attributable to one large quota share contract.  While favorable experience in recent years has led to some deterioration in terms and conditions in this class of business, we believe there remains an adequate opportunity for profit.  As most of the crop reinsurance contracts incept at January 1 we do not expect to write a significant amount of additional crop business for the remainder of 2008.
 
During the period from January 1 through October 1, 2008, we wrote approximately 8% less U.S. catastrophe excess-of-loss premium than we did during the same period in 2007.  However, due to the rate decreases in this class of business, our net retained risk has remained at the same level for 2008 while our potential profit has decreased.  In the same period our non-U.S. catastrophe excess-of-loss premium has increased approximately 6% as measured in U.S. dollars due to the weakening of the dollar against the Euro in the first half of 2008.  We believe the profitability remains adequate for the risk and for 2008 we plan to deploy capacity such that up to approximately 22.5% of our total capital could be exposed to an event with a probability of 1 in 250 years.
 
For the Casualty segment, although we believe that the market offers adequate returns on certain accounts, pricing has been softening.  Ceding companies are willing to increase retentions and reinsurers are competing for participation on the best contracts.  During the period from January 1 through October 1, 2008, rate changes across our casualty business, other than accident and health, have ranged from approximately +2% to -17%.  The overall average was a decrease of approximately 7%, against a background of upward trending loss costs.  As a result, we believe the business underwritten in 2008 will have a lower level of expected profitability as compared with the business underwritten in 2007.
 
During the period from January 1 through October 1, 2008, we wrote approximately 19% less casualty business than we did during the same period in 2007.  We expect the deterioration in market conditions to halt and we may see improvements in rates through the remainder of 2008.  We believe this could lead to more attractive opportunities in casualty.  We believe that financial security is a significant concern for buyers of long-tailed reinsurance protection who typically seek reinsurers with strong balance sheets, quality ratings, and a proven claims-paying record.  We believe that our rating, capitalization and reputation as a lead casualty reinsurer position us well to write profitable business as opportunities arise.
 
Earlier in 2008, rising fuel costs reduced demand for less fuel efficient vehicles, which reduced the market value of such vehicles.  Through September 30, 2008, we incurred losses of $11,008,000 against net premiums earned of $3,500,000 under a reinsurance contract covering leased private passenger automobile residual values.  While fuel costs have declined significantly, it may not revive the demand for less fuel efficient vehicles.  If demand for the vehicles that are subject to our reinsurance contract remains low, the resulting residual values may result in additional losses as vehicles come off lease through the end of 2009.  Our remaining maximum exposure to loss, net of premium and acquisition cost, is less than $20,000,000.
 
In the Finite Risk segment, we believe that the ongoing investigations by the SEC, the office of the Attorney General for the State of New York, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York as well as various non-U.S. regulatory authorities continue to limit demand for finite risk products.  We expect the relatively low level of demand will continue for the foreseeable future.
 
- 32 -

 
 Critical Accounting Estimates
 
It is important to understand our accounting estimates in order to understand our financial position and results of operations.  We consider certain of these estimates to be critical to the presentation of the financial results since they require management to make estimates and valuation assumptions.  These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures.  Certain of the estimates and assumptions result from judgments that are necessarily subjective and, consequently, actual results may materially differ from these estimates.  Our critical accounting estimates include premiums written and earned, unpaid losses and LAE, valuation of investments and evaluation of risk transfer.  For a detailed discussion of the Company’s critical accounting estimates please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.  There have been no material changes in the application of the Company’s critical accounting estimates subsequent to December 31, 2007.
 
 
  ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
 
 Market and Credit Risk
 
Our principal invested assets are fixed maturity securities, which are subject to the risk of potential losses from adverse changes in market rates and credit risk resulting from adverse changes in the borrowers’ ability to meet debt service obligations.  Our portfolio has experienced significant volatility during the three months ended September 30, 2008 and increases in market rates increased the unrealized loss position in our investment portfolio.
 
The U.S. residential mortgage market has been experiencing higher than expected delinquencies and foreclosures and large decreases in property values.  Financial institutions have tightened lending standards and raised billions of dollars of capital to absorb future losses on their mortgage portfolios.
 
Illiquidity in the financial markets remains and there are many uncertainties in markets around the world.  There is a global effort by governments to enhance and promote market liquidity and ensure financial stability.  In October 2008, steps were taken in the U.S. and the United Kingdom to enable the use of public funds to increase the capital of financial institutions and accumulate mortgage-backed securities in an effort to improve confidence in the banking system and promote stability.  Furthermore, in a coordinated effort, target interest rates were reduced by the central banks in the U.S., Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, China, Sweden and Switzerland.
 
Our strategy to limit risks is to place our investments in high quality credit issues and to limit the amount of credit exposure with respect to any one issuer or asset class.  We also select investments with characteristics such as duration, yield, currency and liquidity to reflect, in the aggregate, the underlying characteristics of our unpaid losses and LAE.  We attempt to minimize the credit risk by actively monitoring the portfolio and establishing a guideline minimum average credit rating for our portfolio of A2 as defined by Moody's Investor Service ("Moody’s").  As of September 30, 2008, the portfolio, excluding cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, had a dollar weighted average credit rating of Aa1 as defined by Moody’s.
 
We have other receivable amounts subject to credit risk.  The most significant of these are reinsurance premiums receivable from ceding companies.  We also have reinsurance recoverable amounts from our retrocessionaires.  To mitigate credit risk related to premiums receivable, we have established standards for ceding companies and, in most cases, have a contractual right of offset which would allow us to settle claims net of any premiums receivable.  To mitigate credit risk related to our reinsurance recoverable amounts, we consider the financial strength of our retrocessionaires when determining whether to purchase coverage from them.  Retrocessional coverage is obtained from companies rated “A-” or better by A. M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) or from retrocessionaires whose obligations are fully collateralized.  The financial performance and rating status of all material retrocessionaires are routinely monitored.
 
In accordance with industry practice, we frequently pay amounts in respect of claims under contracts to reinsurance brokers for payment over to the ceding companies.  In the event that a broker fails to make such a payment, depending on the jurisdiction, we may remain liable to the ceding company for the payment.  Conversely, in certain jurisdictions, when ceding companies remit premiums to reinsurance brokers, such premiums are deemed to have been paid to us and the ceding company is no longer liable to us for those amounts whether or not the funds are actually received by us.  Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with our brokers during the premium and loss settlement process.  To mitigate credit risk related to reinsurance brokers, we have established guidelines for brokers and intermediaries.
 
 Interest Rate Risk
 
We are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates.  Movements in rates can result in changes in the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio and can cause changes in the actual timing of receipt of principal payments of certain securities.  Rising interest rates result in a decrease in the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio and can expose our portfolio, in particular our mortgage-backed securities, to extension risk.  Conversely, a decrease in interest rates will result in an increase in the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio and can expose our portfolio, in particular our mortgage-backed securities, to prepayment risk.  An aggregate hypothetical impact on the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio, generated from an immediate parallel shift in the treasury yield curve, as of September 30, 2008 is as follows ($ in thousands):
 
   
Interest Rate Shift in Basis Points
 
     
- 100bp
     
- 50bp
   
Current
     
+ 50bp
     
+ 100bp
 
Total market value
  $ 3,687,976       3,624,198       3,558,946       3,493,130     $ 3,426,377  
Percent change in market value
    3.6 %     1.8 %             (1.8 %)     (3.7 %)
Resulting unrealized appreciation / (depreciation)
  $ (53,959 )     (117,737 )     (182,989 )     (248,805 )   $ (315,558 )
 
- 33 -

 
 Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
 
We write business on a worldwide basis.  Consequently, our principal exposure to foreign currency risk is the transaction of business in foreign currencies.  Changes in foreign currency exchange rates can impact revenues, costs, receivables and liabilities, as measured in the U.S. dollar, our financial reporting currency.  We manage our exposure to large foreign currency risks by holding invested assets denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies in amounts that generally offset liabilities denominated in the same foreign currencies.  We may from time to time hold more non-U.S. dollar denominated assets than non-U.S. dollar liabilities.
 
 Sources of Fair Value
 
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of September 30, 2008 ($ in thousands):
 
   
Carrying
Amount
   
Fair Value
 
Financial assets:
           
Fixed maturity securities
  $ 3,558,946     $ 3,558,946  
Preferred stocks
    3,087       3,087  
Short-term investments
    95,979       95,979  
                 
Financial liabilities:
               
Debt obligations
  $ 250,000     $ 230,275  

The fair value of our fixed maturity securities, preferred stocks, short-term investments and debt obligations are based on prices obtained from independent sources for those or similar investments using quoted prices in active markets and standard market valuation pricing models.  We valued approximately 60% of our securities using prices obtained from index providers, 26% using prices obtained from pricing vendors, and 14% using prices obtained from broker-dealers.  The inputs used in index pricing may include but are not limited to: benchmark yields, transactional data, broker-dealer quotes, security cash flows and structures, credit ratings, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates.  Standard inputs used by pricing vendors may include but are not limited to: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, bids, offers and industry and economic events.  Broker-dealers value securities through trading desks primarily based on observable inputs.  Our derivative instruments, which are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, are priced at fair value primarily using unobservable inputs through the application of our own assumptions and internal valuation pricing models.
 
 
  ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
 
 Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based on that evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and timely reported as specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
 
 Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
No changes occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2008 in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
- 34 -

 
 Forward-Looking Statements
 
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act.  Forward-looking statements are necessarily based on estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are subject to change.  These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, us.
 
In particular, statements using words such as “may,” “should,” “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential,” or words of similar import generally involve forward-looking statements.  For example, we have included certain forward-looking statements in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” with regard to trends in results, prices, volumes, operations, investment results, margins, risk management and exchange rates.  This Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements with respect to our business and industry, such as those relating to our strategy and management objectives and trends in market conditions, market standing, product volumes, investment results and pricing conditions.
 
In light of the risks and uncertainties inherent in all future projections, the inclusion of forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q should not be considered as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives or plans will be achieved.  Numerous factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, including the following:
 
 
(1)
significant weather-related or other natural or man-made disasters over which we have no control;
 
 
(2)
market volatility, interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuation, and credit risk on invested assets;
 
 
(3)
the effectiveness of our loss limitation methods and pricing models;
 
 
(4)
the adequacy of our liability for unpaid losses and LAE;
 
 
(5)
our ability to maintain our A.M. Best rating;
 
 
(6)
the cyclicality of the property and casualty reinsurance business;
 
 
(7)
conducting operations in a competitive environment;
 
 
(8)
our ability to maintain our business relationships with reinsurance brokers;
 
 
(9)
the availability of retrocessional reinsurance on acceptable terms;
 
 
(10)
tax, regulatory or legal restrictions or limitations applicable to us or the property and casualty reinsurance business generally;
 
 
(11)
general political and economic conditions, including the effects of civil unrest, acts of terrorism, war or a prolonged U.S. or global economic downturn or recession; and
 
 
(12)
changes in our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations or intentions, which may happen at any time at our discretion.

As a consequence, current plans, anticipated actions and future financial condition and results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us.  The foregoing factors, which are discussed in more detail in Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, should not be construed as exhaustive.  Additionally, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to release publicly the results of any future revisions or updates we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect new information or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of future events.
 
- 35 -

 
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
(c)           Following is a summary of purchases by us of our common shares during the three month period ended September 30, 2008:
 
Period
 
(a)
Total Number of Shares Purchased
   
(b)
Average Price paid per Share
   
(c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs*
   
(d)
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs
 
July 1, 2008 – July 31, 2008
    8,700     $ 35.00       8,700     $ 249,695,257  
August 1, 2008 – August 31, 2008
    1,007,200       35.85       1,007,200       213,560,075  
September 1, 2008 – September 30, 2008
    278,200       35.98       278,200       203,541,352  
Total
    1,294,100     $ 35.87       1,294,100     $ 203,541,352  

 
*
On August 4, 2004, our Board of Directors established a program to repurchase our common shares.  On July 26, 2007, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the then existing repurchase program to result in authority as of such date to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000 of our common shares.  After repurchases of our common shares, on each of October 25, 2007, February 21, 2008, April 23, 2008, July 24, 2008 and October 22, 2008, our Board of Directors approved additional increases in the repurchase program to result in authority as of such dates to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000 of our common shares.  During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company repurchased 1,294,100 of its common shares in the open market at an aggregate cost including commissions of $46,459,000 and a weighted average cost including commissions of $35.90 per share.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company repurchased 7,536,092 of its common shares in the open market at an aggregate cost including commissions of $260,399,000 and a weighted average cost including commissions of $34.55 per share.  The common shares we repurchased were canceled.
 

  ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description
     
4.1
 
Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated October 23, 2008 of the Transfer Restrictions, Registration Rights and Standstill Agreement dated November 1, 2002 as amended December 5, 2005 between Platinum Holdings and RenaissanceRe
 
10.1
 
Termination Addendum effective August 5, 2008 to Excess of Loss Retrocession Agreement by and between Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US dated January 1, 2008
 
10.2
 
Excess of Loss Retrocession Agreement by and between Platinum US and Platinum Bermuda dated as of August 5, 2008
 
10.3
 
Amended and Restated Option Agreement dated October 23, 2008 between Platinum Holdings, RenaissanceRe and Renaissance Other Investments Holdings II Ltd.
 
31.1
 
Certification of Michael D. Price, Chief Executive Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
31.2
 
Certification of James A. Krantz, Chief Financial Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
32.1
 
Certification of Michael D. Price, Chief Executive Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
32.2
 
Certification of James A. Krantz, Chief Financial Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 

- 36 -


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd.
   

Date: October 29, 2008
/s/  Michael D. Price
 
By: Michael D. Price
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: October 29, 2008
/s/  James A. Krantz
 
By: James A. Krantz
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 

- 37 -