a6708785.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X]
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011
   
[   ]
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   
 
For the transition period from                                            to                                            
   
 
Commission File Number: 1-3950


FORD MOTOR COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
38-0549190
(State of Incorporation)
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
   
One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan
48126
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

(313) 322-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes R    No £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes R    No £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.    Large accelerated filer R     Accelerated filer £    Non-accelerated filer £     Smaller reporting company £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes £    No R

As of April 28, 2011, the registrant had outstanding 3,727,332,952 shares of Common Stock and 70,852,076 shares of Class B Stock.

Exhibit index located on page number 80.



 
 
 
 
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2011
     
 
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  Financial Statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Periods Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
(in millions, except per share amounts)

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(unaudited)
 
Sales and revenues
           
Automotive sales
  $ 31,038     $ 28,894  
Financial Services revenues
    2,076       2,672  
Total sales and revenues
    33,114       31,566  
                 
Costs and expenses
               
Automotive cost of sales
    26,776       25,139  
Selling, administrative and other expenses
    2,734       3,089  
Interest expense
    1,174       1,701  
Financial Services provision for credit and insurance losses
    (54 )     (41 )
Total costs and expenses
    30,630       29,888  
                 
Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net (Note 12)
    40       189  
Financial Services other income/(loss), net (Note 12)
    85       126  
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
    167       142  
Income/(Loss) before income taxes
    2,776       2,135  
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes
    220       50  
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
    2,556       2,085  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
    2,556       2,085  
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
    5        
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
                 
NET INCOME/(LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY
         
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
                 
AMOUNTS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 15)
               
Basic income/(loss)
               
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
  $ 0.68     $ 0.62  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
  $ 0.68     $ 0.62  
Diluted income/(loss)
               
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
  $ 0.61     $ 0.50  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
  $ 0.61     $ 0.50  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.
 
 
1

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

SECTOR STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Periods Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(unaudited)
 
AUTOMOTIVE
           
Sales
  $ 31,038     $ 28,894  
Costs and expenses
               
Cost of sales
    26,776       25,139  
Selling, administrative and other expenses
    2,143       2,220  
Total costs and expenses
    28,919       27,359  
Operating income/(loss)
    2,119       1,535  
                 
Interest expense
    251       542  
                 
Interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net (Note 12)
    40       189  
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
    162       138  
Income/(Loss) before income taxes — Automotive
    2,070       1,320  
                 
FINANCIAL SERVICES
               
Revenues
    2,076       2,672  
Costs and expenses
               
Interest expense
    923       1,159  
Depreciation
    430       660  
Operating and other expenses
    161       209  
Provision for credit and insurance losses
    (54 )     (41 )
Total costs and expenses
    1,460       1,987  
                 
Other income/(loss), net (Note 12)
    85       126  
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies
    5       4  
Income/(Loss) before income taxes — Financial Services
    706       815  
                 
TOTAL COMPANY
               
Income/(Loss) before income taxes
    2,776       2,135  
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes
    220       50  
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
    2,556       2,085  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
    2,556       2,085  
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
    5        
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
                 
NET INCOME/(LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY
         
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
                 
AMOUNTS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 15)
               
Basic income/(loss)
               
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
  $ 0.68     $ 0.62  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
  $ 0.68     $ 0.62  
Diluted income/(loss)
               
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
  $ 0.61     $ 0.50  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
           
Net income/(loss)
  $ 0.61     $ 0.50  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.

 
2

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in millions)

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
   
(unaudited)
 
ASSETS
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 21,318     $ 14,805  
Marketable securities
    13,548       20,765  
Finance receivables, net (Note 5)
    70,704       70,070  
Other receivables, net
    8,999       7,388  
Net investment in operating leases
    11,239       11,675  
Inventories (Note 7)
    7,414       5,917  
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies
    2,525       2,569  
Net property
    23,407       23,179  
Deferred income taxes
    1,962       2,003  
Net intangible assets (Note 9)
    98       102  
Other assets
    6,177       6,214  
Total assets
  $ 167,391     $ 164,687  
                 
LIABILITIES
               
Payables
  $ 19,984     $ 16,362  
Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue
    42,092       43,844  
Debt (Note 11)
    101,638       103,988  
Deferred income taxes
    1,212       1,135  
Total liabilities
    164,926       165,329  
                 
EQUITY
               
Capital stock
               
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (3,742 million shares issued)
    37       37  
Class B Stock, par value $0.01 per share (71 million shares issued)
    1       1  
Capital in excess of par value of stock
    20,723       20,803  
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
    (13,684 )     (14,313 )
Treasury stock
    (164 )     (163 )
Retained earnings/(Accumulated deficit)
    (4,487 )     (7,038 )
Total equity/(deficit) attributable to Ford Motor Company (Note 19)
    2,426       (673 )
Equity/(Deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 19)
    39       31  
Total equity/(deficit) (Note 19)
    2,465       (642 )
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 167,391     $ 164,687  
 

 
The following table includes assets to be used to settle liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs").  These assets and liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheet above.  See Note 8 for additional information on our VIEs.
 
ASSETS
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 4,375     $ 4,062  
Marketable securities
           
Finance receivables, net
    50,414       50,473  
Other receivables, net
          13  
Net investment in operating leases
    5,345       6,121  
Inventories
          19  
Net property
          31  
Deferred income taxes
           
Other assets
    44       28  
LIABILITIES
               
Payables
          16  
Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue
    105       222  
Debt
    41,379       40,247  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.
 
 
3

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SECTOR BALANCE SHEET
(in millions)
 
ASSETS
 
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
    (unaudited)  
Automotive
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 12,544     $ 6,301  
Marketable securities
    8,822       14,207  
Total cash and marketable securities
    21,366       20,508  
Receivables, less allowances of $218 and $228
    4,259       3,992  
Inventories (Note 7)
    7,414       5,917  
Deferred income taxes
    265       359  
Net investment in operating leases
    847       1,282  
Other current assets
    796       610  
Current receivable from Financial Services
    2,063       1,700  
Total current assets
    37,010       34,368  
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies
    2,386       2,441  
Net property
    23,261       23,027  
Deferred income taxes
    2,365       2,468  
Net intangible assets (Note 9)
    98       102  
Non-current receivable from Financial Services
    190       181  
Other assets
    2,241       2,019  
Total Automotive assets
    67,551       64,606  
Financial Services
               
Cash and cash equivalents
    8,774       8,504  
Marketable securities
    4,927       6,759  
Finance receivables, net (Note 5)
    75,199       73,265  
Net investment in operating leases
    10,392       10,393  
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies
    139       128  
Other assets
    3,739       4,221  
Total Financial Services assets
    103,170       103,270  
Intersector elimination
    (2,455 )     (2,083 )
Total assets
  $ 168,266     $ 165,793  
LIABILITIES
               
Automotive
               
Trade payables
  $ 16,756     $ 13,466  
Other payables
    1,712       1,544  
Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue
    15,942       17,065  
Deferred income taxes
    318       392  
Debt payable within one year (Note 11)
    2,011       2,049  
Total current liabilities
    36,739       34,516  
Long-term debt (Note 11)
    14,589       17,028  
Other liabilities
    22,977       23,016  
Deferred income taxes
    282       344  
Total Automotive liabilities
    74,587       74,904  
Financial Services
               
Payables
    1,516       1,352  
Debt (Note 11)
    85,239       85,112  
Deferred income taxes
    1,487       1,505  
Other liabilities and deferred income
    3,174       3,764  
Payable to Automotive
    2,253       1,881  
Total Financial Services liabilities
    93,669       93,614  
Intersector elimination
    (2,455 )     (2,083 )
Total liabilities
    165,801       166,435  
EQUITY
               
Capital stock (Note 15)
               
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (3,742 million shares issued)
    37       37  
Class B Stock, par value $0.01 per share (71 million shares issued)
    1       1  
Capital in excess of par value of stock
    20,723       20,803  
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
    (13,684 )     (14,313 )
Treasury stock
    (164 )     (163 )
Retained earnings/(Accumulated deficit)
    (4,487 )     (7,038 )
Total equity/(deficit) attributable to Ford Motor Company
    2,426       (673 )
Equity/(Deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interests
    39       31  
Total equity/(deficit)
    2,465       (642 )
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 168,266     $ 165,793  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.
 
 
4

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Periods Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
(in millions)

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(unaudited)
 
Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
           
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities
  $ 2,497     $ 2,683  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
               
Capital expenditures
    (929 )     (1,068 )
Acquisitions of retail and other finance receivables and operating leases
    (8,068 )     (6,979 )
Collections of retail and other finance receivables and operating leases
    8,444       9,602  
Purchases of securities
    (19,194 )     (18,341 )
Sales and maturities of securities
    26,479       17,987  
Settlements of derivatives
    15       46  
Other
    147       (80 )
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities
    6,894       1,167  
                 
Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
               
Sales of Common Stock
          530  
Changes in short-term debt
    561       (1,042 )
Proceeds from issuance of other debt
    9,268       8,827  
Principal payments on other debt
    (13,199 )     (8,506 )
Other
    88       79  
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities
    (3,282 )     (112 )
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    404       (276 )
                 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations
    6,513       3,462  
                 
Cash flows from discontinued operations
               
Cash flows from operating activities of discontinued operations
           
Cash flows from investing activities of discontinued operations
           
Cash flows from financing activities of discontinued operations
           
                 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  $ 6,513     $ 3,462  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1
  $ 14,805     $ 20,894  
Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued/held-for-sale operations at January 1
           
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    6,513       3,462  
Less: cash and cash equivalents of discontinued/held-for-sale operations at March 31
           
Cash and cash equivalents at March 31
  $ 21,318     $ 24,356  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.
 
 
5

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED SECTOR STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Periods Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
(in millions)

   
First Quarter 2011
   
First Quarter 2010
 
   
Automotive
   
Financial
Services
   
Automotive
   
Financial
Services
 
   
(unaudited)
   
(unaudited)
 
Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
                       
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities
  $ 2,963     $ 1,035     $ 20     $ 2,071  
                                 
Cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
                               
Capital expenditures
    (926 )     (3 )     (1,064 )     (4 )
Acquisitions of retail and other finance receivables and operating leases
          (7,990 )           (6,979 )
Collections of retail and other finance receivables and operating leases
          8,444             9,673  
Net (acquisitions)/collections of wholesale receivables
          (1,579 )           521  
Purchases of securities
    (11,364 )     (7,830 )     (9,102 )     (9,239 )
Sales and maturities of securities
    16,815       9,664       11,917       6,284  
Settlements of derivatives
    35       (20 )     (128 )     174  
Investing activity (to)/from Financial Services
    838             375        
Other
    130       17       (7 )     (73 )
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities
    5,528       703       1,991       357  
                                 
Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
                               
Sales of Common Stock
                530        
Changes in short-term debt
    (110 )     671       269       (1,311 )
Proceeds from issuance of other debt
    574       8,694       310       8,517  
Principal payments on other debt
    (3,000 )     (10,199 )     (117 )     (8,603 )
Investing activity to/(from) Automotive
          (838 )           (375 )
Other
    59       29       116       (37 )
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities
    (2,477 )     (1,643 )     1,108       (1,809 )
                                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    229       175       (80 )     (196 )
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations
    6,243       270       3,039       423  
                                 
Cash flows from discontinued operations
                               
Cash flows from operating activities of discontinued operations
                       
Cash flows from investing activities of discontinued operations
                       
Cash flows from financing activities of discontinued operations
                       
                                 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  $ 6,243     $ 270     $ 3,039     $ 423  
                                 
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1
  $ 6,301     $ 8,504     $ 9,762     $ 11,132  
Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued/held-for-sale operations at January 1
                       
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    6,243       270       3,039       423  
Less: cash and cash equivalents of discontinued/held-for-sale operations at March 31
                       
Cash and cash equivalents at March 31
  $ 12,544     $ 8,774     $ 12,801     $ 11,555  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.
 
 
6

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Periods Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
(in millions)

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(unaudited)
 
Net income/(loss)
  $ 2,556     $ 2,085  
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
               
Foreign currency translation
    588       (489 )
Net gain/(loss) on derivative instruments
    117       (1 )
Employee benefit-related
    (78 )     157  
Net holding gain/(loss)
          (2 )
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
    627       (335 )
Comprehensive income/(loss)
    3,183       1,750  
Less: Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (Note 19)
    3        
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company
  $ 3,180     $ 1,750  

The accompanying notes are part of the financial statements.
 
 
7

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

Footnote
     
Page
 
           
Note 1
Presentation
    9  
Note 2
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
    11  
Note 3
Fair Value Measurements
    11  
Note 4
Restricted Cash
    20  
Note 5
Finance Receivables
    20  
Note 6
Allowance for Credit Losses
    27  
Note 7
Inventories
    30  
Note 8
Variable Interest Entities
    30  
Note 9
Net Intangible Assets
    34  
Note 10
Retirement Benefits
    35  
Note 11
Debt and Commitments
    35  
Note 12
Other Income/(Loss)
    43  
Note 13
Income Taxes
    44  
Note 14
Dispositions and Acquisitions
    44  
Note 15
Amounts Per Share Attributable to Ford Motor Company Common and Class B Stock
    45  
Note 16
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
    46  
Note 17
Segment Information
    50  
Note 18
Commitments and Contingencies
    51  
Note 19
Equity/(Deficit) Attributable to Ford Motor Company and Noncontrolling Interests
    52  

 
8

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 1.  PRESENTATION

Our financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the United States for interim financial information, and instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  We show certain of our financial statements on both a consolidated and a sector basis for our Automotive and Financial Services sectors.  Intercompany items and transactions have been eliminated in both the consolidated and sector balance sheets.  Reconciliations of certain line items are explained below in this Note, where the presentation of these intercompany eliminations or consolidated adjustments differs between the consolidated and sector financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited financial statements reflect a fair statement of the results of operations and financial condition of Ford Motor Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary for the periods and at the dates presented.  The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.  Reference should be made to the financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 ("2010 Form 10-K Report").  For purposes of this report, "Ford," the "Company," "we," "our," "us" or similar references mean Ford Motor Company and our consolidated subsidiaries and our consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary, unless the context requires otherwise. 

We reclassified certain prior year amounts in our consolidated financial statements to conform to current year presentation.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Business Combinations.  On January 1, 2011 we adopted the new standard on business combinations.  The new standard requires public entities that present comparative financial statements to disclose the revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the prior annual reporting period.  The new accounting standard did not have a material impact on our financial statement disclosures.

Reconciliations between Consolidated and Sector Financial Statements

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities. The difference between the total assets and total liabilities as presented in our sector balance sheet and consolidated balance sheet is the result of netting of deferred income tax assets and liabilities. The reconciliation between the total sector and consolidated balance sheets is as follows (in millions):

   
March 31,
 2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Sector balance sheet presentation of deferred income tax assets:
           
Automotive sector current deferred income tax assets
  $ 265     $ 359  
Automotive sector non-current deferred income tax assets
    2,365       2,468  
Financial Services sector deferred income tax assets*
    207       282  
Total
    2,837       3,109  
Reclassification for netting of deferred income taxes
    (875 )     (1,106 )
Consolidated balance sheet presentation of deferred income tax assets
  $ 1,962     $ 2,003  
                 
Sector balance sheet presentation of deferred income tax liabilities:
               
Automotive sector current deferred income tax liabilities
  $ 318     $ 392  
Automotive sector non-current deferred income tax liabilities
    282       344  
Financial Services sector deferred income tax liabilities
    1,487       1,505  
Total
    2,087       2,241  
Reclassification for netting of deferred income taxes
    (875 )     (1,106 )
Consolidated balance sheet presentation of deferred income tax liabilities
  $ 1,212     $ 1,135  
__________
*     Financial Services deferred income tax assets are included in Financial Services other assets on our sector balance sheet.

 
9

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 1.  PRESENTATION (Continued)

Automotive Acquisition of Financial Services Debt.  During 2008 and 2009 we issued 159,913,115 shares of Ford Common Stock through an equity distribution agreement and used the proceeds of $1 billion to purchase $1,048 million of Ford Credit debt and related interest of $20 million.  During the second quarter of 2010, we utilized cash of $192 million to purchase $200 million of Ford Credit debt and related interest of about $1 million.  As of March 31, 2011, approximately $780 million of the debt purchased has matured, and $267 million was repurchased from us by Ford Credit.

On our consolidated balance sheet, we net the remaining debt purchased by Ford with the outstanding debt of Ford Credit, reducing our consolidated marketable securities and debt balances by $201 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.  On our sector balance sheet, the debt is reported separately as Automotive marketable securities and Financial Services debt as it has not been retired or cancelled by Ford Credit.

Sector to Consolidated Cash Flow Reconciliation.  We present certain cash flows from wholesale receivables, finance receivables and the Automotive acquisition of Financial Services debt differently on our sector and consolidated statements of cash flows.  The reconciliation between total sector and consolidated cash flows is as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Automotive cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
  $ 2,963     $ 20  
Financial Services cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
    1,035       2,071  
Total sector cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
    3,998       2,091  
Reclassifications from investing to operating cash flows:
               
Wholesale receivables (a)
    (1,579 )     521  
Finance receivables (b)
    78       71  
Consolidated cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations
  $ 2,497     $ 2,683  
                 
Automotive cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
  $ 5,528     $ 1,991  
Financial Services cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
    703       357  
Total sector cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
    6,231       2,348  
Reclassifications from investing to operating cash flows:
               
Wholesale receivables (a)
    1,579       (521 )
Finance receivables (b)
    (78 )     (71 )
Reclassifications from investing to financing cash flows:
               
Automotive sector acquisition of Financial Services sector debt (c)
          (214 )
    Elimination of investing activity to/(from) Financial Services in consolidation
    (838 )     (375 )
Consolidated cash flows from investing activities of continuing operations
  $ 6,894     $ 1,167  
                 
Automotive cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
  $ (2,477 )   $ 1,108  
Financial Services cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
    (1,643 )     (1,809 )
Total sector cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
    (4,120 )     (701 )
Reclassifications from investing to financing cash flows:
               
Automotive sector acquisition of Financial Services sector debt (c)
          214  
    Elimination of investing activity to/(from) Financial Services in consolidation
    838       375  
Consolidated cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations
  $ (3,282 )   $ (112 )


(a) 
In addition to the cash flow from vehicles sold by us, the cash flow from wholesale finance receivables (being reclassified from investing to operating) includes financing by Ford Credit of used and non-Ford vehicles.  100% of cash flows from wholesale finance receivables have been reclassified for consolidated presentation as the portion of these cash flows from used and non-Ford vehicles is impracticable to separate.
(b) 
Includes cash flows of finance receivables purchased/collected from certain divisions and subsidiaries of the Automotive sector.
(c)
See "Debt Reduction Actions" above for further discussion.  Cash inflows related to these transactions are reported as financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows and investing activities on the sector statement of cash flows.

 
10

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 2.  ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

Troubled Debt Restructurings. In April 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued a new standard to clarify the accounting for and disclosures about troubled debt restructurings by creditors.  The new standard was issued to address concerns about the diversity in practice related to identifying troubled debt restructurings and provides additional guidance as to whether a restructuring meets the criteria to be considered a troubled debt restructuring for purposes of recording an impairment and related disclosures.  The standard is effective for us as of July 1, 2011 and will be applied prospectively to troubled debt restructurings occurring on or after January 1, 2011.  We do not expect this standard will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and financial statement disclosures.

Financial Services - Insurance. In October 2010, the FASB issued a new standard addressing the deferral of acquisition costs within the insurance industry.  The new standard modifies which types of costs can be capitalized in the acquisition and renewal of insurance contracts.  The standard is effective for us as of January 1, 2012.  We do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and financial statement disclosures.

NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Cash equivalents, marketable securities, and derivative financial instruments are presented on our financial statements at fair value.  The fair value of finance receivables and debt, together with the related carrying value, is disclosed in Notes 5 and 11, respectively.  Certain other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and vary based on specific circumstances such as impairments.

Fair Value Measurements

In determining fair value, we use various valuation methodologies and prioritize the use of observable inputs.  We assess the inputs used to measure fair value using a three-tier hierarchy based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market:
 
 
Level 1 – inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and are the most observable.
 
Level 2 – inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and observable inputs such as interest rates, currency exchange rates and yield curves.
 
Level 3 – inputs include data not observable in the market and reflect management's judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
 
The use of observable and unobservable inputs and their significance in measuring fair value are reflected in our hierarchy assessment.

Valuation Methodologies

Cash and Cash Equivalents.  Included in Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value due to interest rate, market price, or penalty on withdrawal.  A debt security is classified as a cash equivalent if it meets these criteria and if it has a remaining time to maturity of 90 days or less from the date of acquisition.  Amounts on deposit and available upon demand, or negotiated to provide for daily liquidity without penalty, are classified as Cash and cash equivalents.  At March 31, 2011 these include $1.8 billion of demand deposits with financial institutions which were previously classified as Marketable securities, and this amount is reported in Sales and maturities of securities in the first quarter 2011 consolidated statement of cash flows.

Time deposits, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts that meet the above criteria are classified as Cash and cash equivalents, reported at par value, and excluded from the tables below.

Marketable Securities.  Investments in securities with a maturity date greater than 90 days at the date of purchase and other securities for which there is a more than insignificant risk of changes in value because of interest rate, market price, or penalty on withdrawal are classified as Marketable securities.  For marketable securities, we generally measure fair value based on a market approach using prices obtained from pricing services.  We review all pricing data for reasonability and observability of inputs.  Pricing methodologies and inputs to valuation models used by the pricing services depend on the security type (i.e., asset class).  Where possible, fair values are generated using market inputs including quoted prices (the closing price in an exchange market), bid prices (the price at which a dealer stands ready to purchase) and other market information.  For securities that are not actively traded, the pricing services obtain quotes for similar fixed-income securities or utilize matrix pricing, benchmark curves or other factors to determine fair value.  In certain cases, when observable pricing data are not available, we estimate the fair value of investment securities based on an income approach using industry standard valuation models and estimates regarding non-performance risk.
 
 
11

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)
 
Derivative Financial Instruments.  Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative transactions and are not exchange traded.  We estimate the fair value of these instruments based on an income approach using industry standard valuation models.  These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based expectations for interest rates, foreign exchange rates and the contractual terms of the derivative instruments.  The discount rate used is the relevant interbank deposit rate (e.g., LIBOR) plus an adjustment for non-performance risk.  The adjustment reflects the full credit default swap ("CDS") spread applied to a net exposure, by counterparty, considering the master netting agreements and posted collateral.  We use our counterparty's CDS spread when we are in a net asset position and our own CDS spread when we are in a net liability position.

In certain cases, market data are not available and we develop assumptions or use models (e.g., Black Scholes) which are used to determine fair value.  This includes situations where there is illiquidity for a particular currency or commodity or for longer-dated instruments.  Also, for interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps used in securitization transactions, the notional amount of the swap is reset based on actual payments on the securitized contracts.  We use management judgment to estimate the timing and amount of the swap cash flows based on historical pre-payment speeds.

Finance Receivables.  We generally estimate the fair value of finance receivables based on an income approach using internal valuation models.  These models project future cash flows of financing contracts based on scheduled contract payments (including principal and interest).  The projected cash flows are discounted to a present value based on market inputs and our own assumptions regarding credit losses, pre-payment speed, and the discount rate.  Our assumptions regarding pre-payment speed and credit losses are based on historical performance.

Debt.  We estimate the fair value of debt based on a market approach using quoted market prices or current market rates for similar debt with approximately the same remaining maturities, where possible.  Where market prices or current market rates are not available, we estimate fair value based on an income approach using discounted cash flow models.  These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based expectations for interest rates, our own credit risk and the contractual terms of the debt instruments.  For asset-backed debt issued in securitization transactions, the principal payments are based on projected payments for specific assets securing the underlying debt considering historical prepayment speeds.

 
12

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

Input Hierarchy of Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize the fair values by input hierarchy of items measured at fair value on a recurring basis on our balance sheet (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Automotive Sector
                       
Assets
                       
Cash equivalents – financial instruments (a)
                       
U.S. government
  $ 368     $     $     $ 368  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          1,448             1,448  
Government –non-U.S.
          392             392  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          3,567             3,567  
Corporate debt
          43             43  
Total cash equivalents – financial instruments
    368       5,450             5,818  
Marketable securities (c)
                               
U.S. government
    2,442                   2,442  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          1,795             1,795  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          2,623             2,623  
Corporate debt
          944             944  
Mortgage-backed and other asset-backed
          53       1       54  
Equity
    158                   158  
Government –non-U.S.
          578             578  
Other liquid investments (d)
          27             27  
Total marketable securities
    2,600       6,020       1       8,621  
Derivative financial instruments
                               
Foreign exchange contracts
          222             222  
Commodity contracts
          48       8       56  
Other – warrants
                5       5  
Total derivative financial instruments (e)
          270       13       283  
Total assets at fair value
  $ 2,968     $ 11,740     $ 14     $ 14,722  
Liabilities
                               
Derivative financial instruments
                               
Foreign exchange contracts
  $     $ 117     $     $ 117  
Commodity contracts
          6       11       17  
Total derivative financial instruments (e)
          123       11       134  
Total liabilities at fair value
  $     $ 123     $ 11     $ 134  


(a)
"Cash equivalents –financial instruments" in this table exclude time deposits, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, and other cash equivalents reported at par value totaling $5.3 billion as of March 31, 2011 for the Automotive sector.  In addition to these cash equivalents, our Automotive sector also had cash on hand totaling $1.4 billion as of March 31, 2011.
(b)
Includes notes issued by foreign government agencies that include implicit and explicit guarantees, as well as notes issued by supranational institutions.
(c)
Excludes an investment in Ford Credit debt securities held by the Automotive sector with a carrying value of $201 million and an estimated fair value of $203 million as of March 31, 2011; see Note 1 for additional detail.
(d)
Other liquid investments include certificates of deposit and time deposits.
(e)
See Note 16 for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.
 
 
13

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

   
March 31, 2011
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Services Sector
                       
Assets
                       
Cash equivalents – financial instruments (a)
                       
U.S. government
  $     $     $     $  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          250             250  
Government –non-U.S.
          314             314  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          308             308  
Corporate debt
          1             1  
Total cash equivalents – financial instruments
          873             873  
Marketable securities
                               
U.S. government
    828                   828  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          1,521             1,521  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          1,188             1,188  
Corporate debt
          1,187             1,187  
Mortgage-backed
          176             176  
Government –non-U.S.
          10             10  
Other liquid investments (c)
          17             17  
Total marketable securities
    828       4,099             4,927  
Derivative financial instruments (d)
                               
Interest rate contracts
          784       118       902  
Foreign exchange contracts
          70             70  
Cross currency interest rate swap contracts
                       
Total derivative financial instruments
          854       118       972  
Total assets at fair value
  $ 828     $ 5,826     $ 118     $ 6,772  
Liabilities
                               
Derivative financial instruments (d)
                               
Interest rate contracts
  $     $ 101     $ 125     $ 226  
Foreign exchange contracts
          25             25  
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
                54       54  
Total derivative financial instruments
          126       179       305  
Total liabilities at fair value
  $     $ 126     $ 179     $ 305  


(a)
"Cash equivalents –financial instruments" in this table excludes time deposits, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, and other cash equivalents reported at par value on our balance sheet totaling $5.6 billion as of March 31, 2011 for the Financial Services sector.  In addition to these cash equivalents, our Financial Services sector also had cash on hand totaling $2.3 billion as of March 31, 2011.
(b)
Includes notes issued by foreign government agencies that include implicit and explicit guarantees, as well as notes issues by supranational institutions.
(c)
Other liquid investments include certificates of deposit and time deposits.
(d)
See Note 16 for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.

 
14

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Automotive Sector
                       
Assets
                       
Cash equivalents – financial instruments (a)
                       
U.S. government
  $     $     $     $  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          224             224  
Government –non-U.S.
          133             133  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          1,619             1,619  
Corporate debt
          199             199  
Total cash equivalents – financial instruments
          2,175             2,175  
Marketable securities (c)
                               
U.S. government
    2,718                   2,718  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          4,809             4,809  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          3,215       1       3,216  
Corporate debt
          517             517  
Mortgage-backed and other asset-backed
          20             20  
Equity
    203                   203  
Government –non-U.S.
          818       1       819  
Other liquid investments (d)
          1,704             1,704  
Total marketable securities
    2,921       11,083       2       14,006  
Derivative financial instruments
                               
Foreign exchange contracts
          58             58  
Commodity contracts
          36       33       69  
Other – warrants
                5       5  
Total derivative financial instruments (e)
          94       38       132  
Total assets at fair value
  $ 2,921     $ 13,352     $ 40     $ 16,313  
Liabilities
                               
Derivative financial instruments
                               
Foreign exchange contracts
  $     $ 93     $     $ 93  
Commodity contracts
          6             6  
Total derivative financial instruments (e)
          99             99  
Total liabilities at fair value
  $     $ 99     $     $ 99  


(a)
"Cash equivalents –financial instruments" in this table exclude time deposits, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, and other cash equivalents reported at par value totaling $2.2 billion as of December 312010 for the Automotive sector.  In addition to these cash equivalents, our Automotive sector also had cash on hand totaling $1.9 billion as of December 312010.
(b)
Includes notes issued by foreign government agencies that include implicit and explicit guarantees, as well as notes issued by supranational institutions.
(c)
Excludes an investment in Ford Credit debt securities held by the Automotive sector with a carrying value of $201 million and an estimated fair value of $203 million as of December 312010; see Note 1 for additional detail.
(d)
Other liquid investments include certificates of deposit and time deposits.
(e)
See Note 16 for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.
 
 
15

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Services Sector
                       
Assets
                       
Cash equivalents – financial instruments (a)
                       
U.S. government
  $ 9     $     $     $ 9  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          150             150  
Government –non-U.S.
          323             323  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          100             100  
Corporate debt
          200             200  
Total cash equivalents – financial instruments
    9       773             782  
Marketable securities
                               
U.S. government
    1,671                   1,671  
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises
          2,905             2,905  
Foreign government agencies (b)
          821       1       822  
Corporate debt
          732             732  
Mortgage-backed
          177             177  
Government –non-U.S.
          364             364  
Other liquid investments (c)
          88             88  
Total marketable securities
    1,671       5,087       1       6,759  
Derivative financial instruments (d)
                               
Interest rate contracts
          1,035       177       1,212  
Foreign exchange contracts
          24             24  
Cross currency interest rate swap contracts
          25             25  
Total derivative financial instruments
          1,084       177       1,261  
Total assets at fair value
  $ 1,680     $ 6,944     $ 178     $ 8,802  
Liabilities
                               
Derivative financial instruments (d)
                               
Interest rate contracts
  $     $ 134     $ 195     $ 329  
Foreign exchange contracts
          73             73  
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
          118       71       189  
Total derivative financial instruments
          325       266       591  
Total liabilities at fair value
  $     $ 325     $ 266     $ 591  


(a)
"Cash equivalents – financial instruments" in this table excludes time deposits, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, and other cash equivalents reported at par value on our balance sheet totaling $5.7 billion as of December 312010 for the Financial Services sector.  In addition to these cash equivalents, our Financial Services sector also had cash on hand totaling $2 billion as of December 312010.
(b)
Includes notes issued by foreign government agencies that include implicit and explicit guarantees, as well as notes issues by supranational institutions.
(c)
Other liquid investments include certificates of deposit and time deposits.
(d)
See Note 16 for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.
 
 
16

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

Reconciliation of Changes in Level 3 Balances

The following tables summarize the changes in Level 3 items measured at fair value on a recurring basis on our balance sheet for the periods ending March 31 (in millions):

   
2011
 
   
Marketable Securities
             
   
Foreign Government Agencies
   
Corporate
Debt
   
Mortgage-
Backed and
Other
Asset-
Backed
   
Government
Non-U.S.
   
Total
Marketable Securities
   
Derivative Financial Instruments,
Net
   
Total Level 3
Fair Value
 
Automotive Sector
                                         
  Fair value at December 31, 2010
  $ 1     $     $     $ 1     $ 2     $ 38     $ 40  
  Realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                                                       
   Cost of sales 
                                  (10 )     (10 )
    Interest income and other non-operating income(loss), net
                      (1 )     (1 )           (1 )
    Other comprehensive income/(loss) (a)
                                         
      Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                      (1 )     (1 )     (10 )     (11 )
  Purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                                                       
    Purchases
                1       1       2             2  
    Issues
                                         
    Sales
                      (1 )     (1 )           (1 )
    Settlements
                                  (26 )     (26 )
      Total purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                1             1       (26 )     (25 )
  Transfers into Level 3
                                         
  Transfers out of Level 3 (b)
    (1 )                       (1 )           (1 )
  Fair value at March 31, 2011
  $     $     $ 1     $     $ 1     $ 2     $ 3  
  Change in unrealized gains/ (losses) on instruments still held
  $     $     $     $     $     $ (11 )   $ (11 )
                                                         
Financial Services Sector
                                                       
  Fair value at December 31, 2010
  $     $ 1     $     $     $ 1     $ (89 )   $ (88 )
  Realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                                                       
    Other income/(loss), net
                                  (23 )     (23 )
    Other comprehensive income/(loss) (a)
                                  (1 )     (1 )
    Interest expense 
                                  5       5  
      Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                                  (19 )     (19 )
  Purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                                                       
    Purchases
                                         
    Issues
                                         
    Sales
                                         
    Settlements
                                  48       48  
      Total purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                                  48       48  
  Transfers into Level 3
                                         
  Transfers out of Level 3 (b)
          (1 )                 (1 )     (1 )     (2 )
  Fair value at March 31, 2011
  $     $     $     $     $     $ (61 )   $ (61 )
  Change in unrealized gains/ (losses) on instruments still held
  $     $     $     $     $     $ 22     $ 22  


(a)
"Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)" represents foreign currency translation on derivative asset and liability balances held by non-U.S. dollar foreign affiliates.
(b)
Represents transfers out due to the availability of observable data for $2 million of marketable securities due to increase in market activity for these securities and $1 million due to shorter duration of derivative financial instruments.  Transfers in and transfers out represent the value at the end of the reporting period.
 
 
17

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

   
2010
 
   
Marketable Securities
                   
   
Foreign Government Agencies
   
Corporate
Debt
   
Mortgage-Backed
and Other
Asset-
Backed
   
Government Non-U.S.
   
Total Marketable Securities
   
Derivative Financial Instruments,
Net
   
Retained Interest in
 Securitized Assets
   
Total
Level 3
Fair
Value
 
Automotive Sector
                                               
  Fair value at December 31, 2009
  $     $ 8     $ 17     $     $ 25     $ 9     $     $ 34  
  Realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                                                               
   Cost of sales 
                                  2             2  
    Interest income and other non-operating income/(loss), net
                (1 )           (1 )     1              
    Other comprehensive income/(loss) (a)
                                               
      Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                (1 )           (1 )     3             2  
  Purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                                                               
    Purchases
                                               
    Issues
                                               
    Sales
          (8 )     (14 )           (22 )                 (22 )
    Settlements
                                  (1 )           (1 )
      Total purchases, issues, sales, settlements
          (8 )     (14 )           (22 )     (1 )           (23 )
  Transfers into Level 3
                                               
  Transfers out of Level 3 (b)
                                               
  Fair value at March 31, 2010
  $     $     $ 2     $     $ 2     $ 11     $     $ 13  
                                                                 
  Change in unrealized gains/ (losses) on instruments still held
  $     $     $     $     $     $ 2     $     $ 2  
                                                                 
Financial Services Sector
                                                               
  Fair value at December 31, 2009
  $     $ 4     $     $     $ 4     $ (155 )   $ 26     $ (125 )
  Realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
                                                               
    Other income/(loss), net
          (4 )                 (4 )     (56 )     (2 )     (62 )
    Other comprehensive income/(loss) (a)
                                  (7 )     2       (5 )
    Interest expense 
                                               
      Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
          (4 )                 (4 )     (63 )           (67 )
  Purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                                                               
    Purchases
                                               
    Issues
                                               
    Sales
                                               
    Settlements
                                  35       (13 )     22  
      Total purchases, issues, sales, settlements
                                  35       (13 )     22  
  Transfers into Level 3
                                               
  Transfers out of Level 3 (b)
                                               
  Fair value at March 31, 2010
  $     $     $     $     $     $ (183 )   $ 13     $ (170 )
  Change in unrealized gains/ (losses) on instruments still held
  $     $     $     $     $     $ (34 )   $     $ (34 )


(a)
"Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)" represents  foreign currency translation on derivative asset and liability balances held by non-U.S. dollar foreign affiliates.
(b)
Transfers in and transfers out represent the value at the end of the reporting period.
 
 
18

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 3.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

Input Hierarchy of Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The following tables summarize the items measured at fair value subsequent to initial recognition on a nonrecurring basis by input hierarchy for the quarter and year ended March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, that were still held on our balance sheet at those dates (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011 (a)
   
December 31, 2010 (a)
 
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial Services Sector
                                               
North America
                                               
Retail receivables (b)
  $     $     $ 77     $ 77     $     $     $ 82     $ 82  
Dealer loans, net (b)
                13       13                   22       22  
Total North America
                90       90                   104       104  
  International
                                                               
Retail receivables (b)
                49       49                   45       45  
Total International
                49       49                   45       45  
Total Financial Services sector
  $     $     $ 139     $ 139     $     $     $ 149     $ 149  


(a)
There were no Automotive sector nonrecurring fair value measurements subsequent to initial recognition recorded.
(b)
Finance receivables, including retail accounts that have been charged off and individual dealer loans where foreclosure is probable, are measured based on the fair value of the collateral adjusted for estimated costs to sell.  The collateral for retail receivables is the vehicle being financed and for dealer loans is real estate or other property.  See Note 6 for additional information related to the development of Ford Credit's allowance for credit losses.


Nonrecurring Fair Value Changes

The following table summarizes the total change in value of items for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment has been included in our consolidated statement of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, related to items still held on our balance sheet at those dates (in millions):

   
Total Gains / (Losses)
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Financial Services Sector
           
North America
           
  Retail receivables (a)
  $ (14 )   $ (17 )
  Dealer loans, net (a)
          (3 )
Total North America
    (14 )     (20 )
  International
               
Retail receivables (a)
    (3 )     (2 )
Total International
    (3 )     (2 )
Total Financial Services sector
  $ (17 )   $ (22 )


(a)
Fair value changes related to retail finance receivables that have been charged off or dealer loans that have been impaired based on the fair value of the collateral adjusted for estimated costs to sell are recorded in Financial Services provision for credit and insurance losses.
 
 
19

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 4.  RESTRICTED CASH

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or usage under the terms of certain contractual agreements are recorded as restricted in Other assets on our balance sheet.

Our Automotive sector restricted cash balances primarily include cash collateral required to be held against loans from the European Investment Bank ("EIB") and cash collateral required for bank guarantees.  Additionally, restricted cash includes various escrow agreements related to insurance, customs, and environmental matters.  Our Financial Services sector restricted cash balances primarily include cash collateral required to be held against loans from the EIB and cash held to meet certain local governmental and regulatory reserve requirements.

Restricted cash does not include required minimum balances, or cash securing debt issued through securitization transactions ("securitization cash").  See Note 11 for discussion of the minimum balance requirement related to the secured credit agreement that we initially entered into in December 2006 ("Credit Agreement"), and securitization cash.

Restricted cash reflected on our balance sheet is as follows (in millions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Automotive sector
  $ 464     $ 433  
Financial Services sector
    321       298  
Total Company
  $ 785     $ 731  


NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES

Automotive Sector

Our Automotive sector holds notes receivables, which consist primarily of loans with certain suppliers and a loan with Geely Sweden AB, a subsidiary of Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Limited.  Performance of this group of receivables is evaluated based on payment activity and the financial stability of the debtor.  Notes receivable are initially recorded at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost.  The notes receivable are reported on our sector balance sheet in Receivables, less allowances and Other assets.

Notes receivable, net, were as follows (in millions):
 
   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Notes receivable
  $ 389     $ 344  
Less:  Allowance for credit losses
    (101 )     (120 )
Notes receivable, net
  $ 288     $ 224  

Financial Services Sector

Ford Credit segments their North America and International portfolio of finance receivables into "consumer" and "non-consumer" receivables.  The receivables are secured by the vehicles, inventory, or other property being financed.

Consumer Segment  Receivables in this portfolio segment relate to products offered to individuals and businesses that finance the acquisition of Ford vehicles from dealers for personal or commercial use.  The products include:
 
Retail financing – retail installment contracts for new and used vehicles
 
Direct financing leases – direct financing leases with retail customers, government entities, daily rental companies, and fleet customers

Non-consumer Segment – Receivables in this portfolio segment relate to products offered to dealers.  The products include:
 
Wholesale financing – loans to dealers to finance the purchase of vehicle inventory, also known as floorplan financing
 
Dealer loans – loans to dealers to finance working capital, and to finance the purchase of dealership real estate and/or make improvements to dealership facilities
 
Other financing – purchased receivables from Ford and its affiliates, primarily related to the sale of parts and accessories to dealers

 
20

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

Finance receivables are recorded at the time of origination or purchase for the principal amount financed and are subsequently reported at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses.  Amortized cost is the outstanding principal adjusted for any charge-offs and any unamortized deferred fees or costs.  At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the recorded investment in Ford Credit's finance receivables excluded $168 million and $176 million of accrued uncollected interest receivable, which we report in Other assets on the balance sheet.

Finance receivables, net were as follows (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
North
America
   
International
   
Total Finance Receivables
   
North
America
   
International
   
Total Finance Receivables
 
Consumer
                                   
Retail, gross
  $ 38,601     $ 9,689     $ 48,290     $ 39,129     $ 9,436     $ 48,565  
Less:  Unearned interest supplements
    (1,559 )     (297 )     (1,856 )     (1,580 )     (289 )     (1,869 )
  Retail
    37,042       9,392       46,434       37,549       9,147       46,696  
Direct financing leases, gross
    12       3,041       3,053       17       3,011       3,028  
Less: Unearned interest supplements
          (92 )     (92 )           (84 )     (84 )
  Direct financing leases
    12       2,949       2,961       17       2,927       2,944  
    Consumer finance receivables
  $ 37,054     $ 12,341     $ 49,395     $ 37,566     $ 12,074     $ 49,640  
                                                 
Non-consumer
                                               
Wholesale
  $ 14,094     $ 10,052     $ 24,146     $ 13,273     $ 8,851     $ 22,124  
Dealer loans
    1,065       54       1,119       1,117       33       1,150  
Other
    724       493       1,217       738       390       1,128  
  Non-consumer finance receivables
    15,883       10,599       26,482       15,128       9,274       24,402  
    Total recorded investment
  $ 52,937     $ 22,940     $ 75,877     $ 52,694     $ 21,348     $ 74,042  
                                                 
Recorded investment in finance receivables
  $ 52,937     $ 22,940     $ 75,877     $ 52,694     $ 21,348     $ 74,042  
Less:  Allowance for credit losses
    (532 )     (146 )     (678 )     (625 )     (152 )     (777 )
  Finance receivables, net
  $ 52,405     $ 22,794     $ 75,199     $ 52,069     $ 21,196     $ 73,265  
                                                 
Net finance receivables subject to fair value *
                  $ 72,237                     $ 70,318  
Fair value
                    73,925                       72,021  
                                                 
Finance receivables, net – sector balance sheet
                  $ 75,199                     $ 73,265  
Reclassification of notes receivable, net from Automotive sector Other receivables, net and Other assets
                    288                       224  
Reclassification of receivables purchased from Automotive sector to Other receivables, net
                    (4,783 )                     (3,419 )
Finance receivables, net – consolidated balance sheet
                  $ 70,704                     $ 70,070  
__________
*
At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, excludes $3 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, of certain receivables (primarily direct financing leases) that are not subject to fair value disclosure requirements.

Included in the recorded investment in finance receivables at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were $28.3 billion and $28.7 billion of North America consumer receivables, $13 billion and $12.8 billion of non-consumer receivables, International consumer receivables of $7.2 billion and $7.6 billion and non-consumer receivables of $6.6 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively, that secure certain debt obligations.  The cash flows generated from collection of these receivables can be used only for payment of the related debt and obligations; they are not available to pay the other obligations of our Financial Services sector or the claims of its other creditors (see Notes 8 and 11).

 
21

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

Aging.  For all classes of finance receivables, Ford Credit defines "past due" as any payment, including principal and interest, that has not been collected and is at least 31 days past the contractual due date.  The aging analysis of Ford Credit's finance receivables balances at March 31, 2011 was as follows (in millions):

   
31-60
Days Past
Due
   
61-90
Days Past
Due
   
91-120
Days Past
Due
   
Greater
Than 120
Days
   
Total Past
Due
   
Current
   
Total
Finance Receivables
 
North America
                                         
Consumer
                                         
  Retail
  $ 633     $ 64     $ 26     $ 77     $ 800     $ 36,242     $ 37,042  
  Direct financing leases
    3                         3       9       12  
Non-consumer
                                                       
  Wholesale
    6                   2       8       14,086       14,094  
  Dealer loans
    5             9       15       29       1,036       1,065  
  Other
                                  724       724  
    Subtotal
    647       64       35       94       840       52,097       52,937  
                                                         
International
                                                       
Consumer
                                                       
  Retail
    89       36       17       50       192       9,200       9,392  
  Direct financing leases
    15       6       3       4       28       2,921       2,949  
Non-consumer
                                                       
  Wholesale
    1             1       7       9       10,043       10,052  
  Dealer loans
                                  54       54  
  Other
                                  493       493  
    Subtotal
    105       42       21       61       229       22,711       22,940  
Total recorded investment
  $ 752     $ 106     $ 56     $ 155     $ 1,069     $ 74,808     $ 75,877  

Consumer Credit Quality.  When originating all classes of consumer finance receivables, Ford Credit uses a proprietary scoring system that measures the credit quality of the related receivables using several factors, such as credit bureau information, consumer credit risk scores (e.g., FICO score), customer characteristics, and contract characteristics.  In addition to its proprietary scoring system, Ford Credit considers other individual consumer factors, such as employment history, financial stability, and capacity to pay.

Subsequent to origination, Ford Credit reviews the credit quality of retail and direct financing lease receivables based on customer payment activity.  As each customer develops a payment history, Ford Credit uses an internally developed behavioral scoring model to assist in determining the best collection strategies.  Based on data from this scoring model, contracts are categorized by collection risk.  Ford Credit's collection models evaluate several factors, including origination characteristics, updated credit bureau data, and payment patterns.  These models allow for more focused collection activity on higher risk accounts and are used to refine Ford Credit's risk-based staffing model to ensure collection resources are aligned with portfolio risk.

Credit quality ratings for Ford Credit's consumer finance receivables are categorized as follows:

 
Pass – receivables that are current to 60 days past due
 
Special Mention – receivables 61 to 120 days past due and in aggressive collection status
 
Substandard – receivables greater than 120 days past due and for which the uncollectible portion of the receivables has already been charged-off, as measured using the fair value of the collateral
 
 
22

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

The credit quality analysis of Ford Credit's consumer finance receivables portfolio was as follows (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Retail
   
Direct Financing
Leases
   
Retail
   
Direct Financing
Leases
 
North America
                       
Pass
  $ 36,875     $ 12     $ 37,348     $ 17  
Special Mention
    90             119        
Substandard
    77             82        
Subtotal
    37,042       12       37,549       17  
                                 
International
                               
Pass
    9,289       2,936       9,068       2,914  
Special Mention
    53       9       60       10  
Substandard
    50       4       19       3  
Subtotal
    9,392       2,949       9,147       2,927  
    Total recorded investment
  $ 46,434     $ 2,961     $ 46,696     $ 2,944  

Non-Consumer Credit Quality.  For all classes of non-consumer receivables, Ford Credit extends commercial credit to dealers primarily in the form of approved lines of credit to purchase new Ford and Lincoln vehicles as well as used vehicles.  Each commercial lending request is evaluated, taking into consideration the borrower's financial condition and the underlying collateral securing the loan.  Ford Credit uses a proprietary model to assign each dealer a risk rating.  This model uses historical performance data to identify key factors about a dealer that Ford Credit considers significant in predicting a dealer's ability to meet its financial obligations.  Ford Credit also considers numerous other financial and qualitative factors including capitalization and leverage, liquidity and cash flow, profitability, and credit history with Ford Credit and other creditors.  A dealer's risk rating does not reflect any guarantees or a dealer owner's net worth.  Ford Credit regularly reviews its model to confirm the continued business significance and statistical predictability of the factors and updates the model to incorporate new factors or other information that improves its statistical predictability.  In addition, Ford Credit verifies the existence of the assets collateralizing the receivables by physical audits of vehicle inventories, which are performed with increased frequency for higher risk (i.e., Group III and Group IV) dealers.  Ford Credit performs a credit review of each dealer at least annually and adjusts the dealer's risk rating, if necessary.

Dealers are assigned to one of four groups according to risk rating as follows:

 
Group I – Dealers with strong to superior financial metrics
 
Group II – Dealers with fair to favorable financial metrics
 
Group III – Dealers with marginal to weak financial metrics
 
Group IV – Dealers with poor financial metrics, including dealers classified as uncollectible

Ford Credit suspends credit lines and extends no further funding to dealers classified in Group IV.

 
23

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

Performance of non-consumer receivables is evaluated based on Ford Credit's internal dealer risk rating analysis, as payment for wholesale receivables generally is not required until the dealer has sold the vehicle inventory.  Wholesale and dealer loan receivables with the same dealer customer share the same risk rating.  The credit quality analysis of wholesale and dealer loan receivables was as follows (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Wholesale
   
Dealer Loan
   
Wholesale
   
Dealer Loan
 
North America
                       
Group I
  $ 11,580     $ 750     $ 10,540     $ 785  
Group II
    2,220       196       2,372       208  
Group III
    276       107       353       107  
Group IV
    18       12       8       17  
  Subtotal
    14,094       1,065       13,273       1,117  
                                 
International
                               
Group I
    6,055       27       5,135       5  
Group II
    2,519       16       2,189       15  
Group III
    1,470       10       1,527       12  
Group IV
    8       1             1  
  Subtotal
    10,052       54       8,851       33  
    Total recorded investment
  $ 24,146     $ 1,119     $ 22,124     $ 1,150  

Non-Accrual.  The accrual of revenue is discontinued at the time a receivable is determined to be uncollectible, at bankruptcy status notification, or at 120 days past due.  Finance receivable accounts may be restored to accrual status only when a customer settles all past-due deficiency balances and future payments are reasonably assured.  For receivables in non-accrual status, subsequent financing revenue is recognized only to the extent a payment is received.  Payments are generally applied first to outstanding interest and then to the unpaid principal balance.

Consumer receivables in non-accrual status were as follows (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Retail
   
Direct
Financing
Leases
   
Retail
   
Direct
Financing
Leases
 
North America
                       
Greater than 120 days past due
  $ 77     $     $ 82     $  
Less than 120 days past due
    337             355        
  Subtotal
    414             437        
International
                               
Greater than 120 days past due
    50       4       19       3  
Less than 120 days past due
    4             26       1  
  Subtotal
    54       4       45       4  
Total recorded investment
  $ 468     $ 4     $ 482     $ 4  

Finance receivables greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, represent $20 million and $7 million, respectively, of non-bankrupt retail accounts in the 91-120 days past due category that are in the process of collection and $9 million and $1 million, respectively, of dealer loans.

Impairment.  Ford Credit's consumer receivables are collectively evaluated for impairment.  Ford Credit's non-consumer receivables are both collectively and specifically evaluated for impairment.  Specifically impaired non-consumer receivables represent accounts with dealers that have weak or poor financial metrics or dealer loans that have been modified in troubled debt restructurings.  Ford Credit places impaired receivables in non-accrual status.  The following factors (not necessarily in the order of importance or probability of occurrence) are considered in determining whether a receivable is impaired:

 
Delinquency in contractual payments of principal or interest
 
Deterioration of the borrower’s competitive position
 
Cash flow difficulties experienced by the borrower
 
Breach of loan covenants or conditions
 
Initiation of dealer bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings
 
Fraud or criminal conviction
 
 
24

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

See Note 6 for additional information related to the development of Ford Credit's allowance for credit losses.

The table below identifies non-consumer receivables that were both impaired and in non-accrual status for the period ended March 31, 2011 (in millions):

   
Recorded
Investment in
Impaired
Receivables &
Receivables in
Non-Accrual
Status
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance for
Credit Losses
   
Average
Recorded
Investment
   
Financing
Revenue
Collected
 
North America
                             
  With no allowance recorded
                             
    Wholesale
  $ 18     $ 18     $     $ 19     $  
    Dealer loans
    6       6             8        
                                         
  With an allowance recorded
                                       
    Wholesale
                             
    Dealer loans
    63       63       8       67        
                                         
International
                                       
  With no allowance recorded
                                       
    Wholesale
    20       20             22        
    Dealer loans
    1       1             2        
                                         
  With an allowance recorded
                                       
    Wholesale
    4       4       1       4        
    Dealer loans
                             
                                         
Total
                                       
    Wholesale
    42       42       1       45        
    Dealer loans
    70       70       8       77        
      Total
  $ 112     $ 112     $ 9     $ 122     $  

 
25

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

The table below identifies non-consumer receivables that were both impaired and in non-accrual status for the period ended December 31, 2010 (in millions):

   
Recorded
Investment in
Impaired
Receivables &
Receivables in
Non-Accrual
Status
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance for
Credit Losses
   
Average
Recorded
Investment
   
Financing
Revenue
Collected
 
North America
                             
  With no allowance recorded
                             
    Wholesale
  $ 8     $ 8     $     $ 19     $ 2  
    Dealer loans
    2       2             9        
                                         
  With an allowance recorded
                                       
    Wholesale
                             
    Dealer loans
    64       64       10       69       3  
                                         
International
                                       
  With no allowance recorded
                                       
    Wholesale
    22       22             29       2  
    Dealer loans
    1       1             2        
                                         
  With an allowance recorded
                                       
    Wholesale
    5       5       2       8        
    Dealer loans
                             
                                         
Total
                                       
    Wholesale
    35       35       2       56       4  
    Dealer loans
    67       67       10       80       3  
      Total
  $ 102     $ 102     $ 12     $ 136     $ 7  

Impaired receivables with no related allowance for credit losses recorded are primarily attributable to accounts for which the uncollectible portion of the receivables has already been charged off.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring if Ford Credit grants a concession for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor's financial difficulties that Ford Credit otherwise would not consider in the normal course of business.

Consumer.  While payment extensions are granted on consumer finance receivables in the normal course of the collection process, no concessions are made on the principal balance loaned or the interest rate charged.  Payment extensions typically result in a one-month deferral of the consumer's normal monthly payment and do not constitute a troubled debt restructuring.

Non-Consumer.  Within Ford Credit's non-consumer receivables segment, only dealer loans subject to forbearance, moratoriums, extension agreements or other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral are classified as troubled debt restructurings.

 
26

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 5.  FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

Dealer loans involved in troubled debt restructurings are assessed for impairment and included in Ford Credit's allowance for credit losses based on either the present value of the expected future cash flows of the receivable discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral adjusted for estimated costs to sell.  For loans where foreclosure is probable, the fair value of the collateral is used to estimate the specific impairment.  An impairment charge is recorded as part of the provision to the allowance for credit losses for the amount by which the recorded investment of the receivable exceeds its estimated fair value.

Ford Credit does not grant concessions on the principal balance of dealer loan modifications, but may make other concessions if the dealer is experiencing financial difficulties.  The principal balance of dealer loans involved in troubled debt restructurings for the period ending March 31, 2011 was $12 million.


NOTE 6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Automotive Sector

We estimate credit loss reserves for notes receivable on an individual receivable basis.  A specific reserve is established based on expected future cash flows, the fair value of any collateral, and the financial condition of the debtor.  Following is an analysis of the allowance for credit losses for the period ended March 31, 2011 (in millions):

   
Notes Receivable
 
Automotive Sector
     
Allowance for credit losses:
     
  Beginning balance
  $ 120  
    Charge-offs
     
    Recoveries
     
    Provision for credit losses
    2  
    Other
    (21 )
  Ending balance
  $ 101  
         
Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses:
       
    Collective impairment allowance
  $  
    Specific impairment allowance
    101  
  Ending balance
  $ 101  
         
Analysis of ending balance of Automotive finance receivables:
       
    Collectively evaluated for impairment
  $  
    Specifically evaluated for impairment
    389  
  Recorded investment
  $ 389  
         
Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses
  $ 288  
 
 
27

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

Financial Services Sector

The allowance for credit losses represents Ford Credit's estimate of the probable loss on the collection of finance receivables and operating leases as of the balance sheet date.  The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is assessed quarterly and the assumptions and models used in establishing the allowance are regularly evaluated.  Because credit losses can vary substantially over time, estimating credit losses requires a number of assumptions about matters that are uncertain.

Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by recording charges to Provision for credit and insurance losses on the sector statement of operations.  The outstanding balances of finance receivables and investments in operating leases are charged to the allowance for credit losses at the earlier of when an account is deemed to be uncollectible or when an account is 120 days delinquent, taking into consideration the financial condition of the borrower or lessee, the value of the collateral, recourse to guarantors and other factors.  In the event we repossess the collateral, the receivable is written off and we record the collateral at its estimated fair value less costs to sell and report it in Other assets on the balance sheet.  Recoveries on finance receivables and investment in operating leases previously charged-off as uncollectible are credited to the allowance for credit losses.

Consumer Receivables

The majority of credit losses are attributable to Ford Credit's consumer receivables segment.  Ford Credit estimates the allowance for credit losses on its consumer receivables segment and on its investments in operating leases using a combination of measurement models and management judgment.  The models consider factors such as historical trends in credit losses and recoveries (including key metrics such as delinquencies, repossessions and bankruptcies), the composition of the present portfolio (including vehicle brand, term, risk evaluation and new/used vehicles), trends in historical and projected used vehicle values, and economic conditions.  Estimates from these models rely on historical information and may not fully reflect losses inherent in the present portfolio.  Therefore, Ford Credit may adjust the estimate to reflect management's judgment regarding justifiable changes in recent economic trends and conditions, portfolio composition, and other relevant factors.

Ford Credit makes projections of two key assumptions to assist in estimating the consumer allowance for credit losses:

 
Frequency – the number of finance receivables that are expected to default over the loss emergence period, measured as repossessions
 
Loss severity – the expected difference between the amount a customer owes when the finance contract is charged off and the amount received, net of expenses from selling the repossessed vehicle, including any recoveries from the customer

The consumer receivables portfolio allowance is evaluated primarily using a collective loss-to-receivables ("LTR") model that based on historical experience indicates that credit losses have been incurred in the portfolio even though the particular receivables that are uncollectible cannot be specifically identified.  The LTR model is based on the most recent years of history.  Each LTR is calculated by dividing credit losses by average end-of-period receivables excluding unearned interest supplements and allowance for credit losses.  A weighted-average LTR is calculated for each class of consumer receivables and multiplied by the end-of-period receivable balances for that given class.

The loss emergence period ("LEP") is a key assumption within Ford Credit's models and represents the average amount of time between when a loss event first occurs to when it is charged off.  This time period starts when the borrower begins to experience financial difficulty.  It is evidenced later, typically through delinquency, before eventually resulting in a charge-off.  The LEP is a multiplier in the calculation of the collective consumer allowance for credit losses.

For consumer receivables greater than 120 days past due, the uncollectible portion of the receivable is charged-off, such that the remaining recorded investment in the loan is equal to the estimated fair value of the collateral less costs to sell.

After the establishment of this allowance for credit losses, if management believes the allowance does not reflect all losses inherent in the portfolio due to changes in recent economic trends and conditions, or other relevant factors, an adjustment is made based on management judgment.
 
 
28

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 6. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

Non-Consumer Receivables

Ford Credit estimates the allowance for credit losses for non-consumer receivables based on historical LTR ratios, expected future cash flows, and the fair value of collateral.

Collective Allowance for Credit Losses.  Ford Credit estimates an allowance for non-consumer receivables that are not specifically identified as impaired using a LTR model for each financing product based on historical experience.  This LTR is a weighted average of the most recent historical experience and is calculated consistent with the consumer receivables LTR approach.  All accounts that are specifically identified as impaired are excluded from the calculation of the non-specific or collective allowance.

Specific Allowance for Impaired Receivables.  The wholesale and dealer loan portfolio is evaluated by grouping individual loans into risk pools determined by the risk characteristics of the loan (such as the amount of the loan, the nature of the collateral, and the financial status of the debtor).  The risk pools are analyzed to determine if individual loans are impaired, and a specific allowance is estimated based on the present value of the expected future cash flows of the receivable discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of any collateral adjusted for estimated costs to sell.

After establishment of the collective and the specific allowance for credit losses, if management believes the allowance does not reflect all losses inherent in the portfolio due to changes in recent economic trends and conditions or other relevant factors, an adjustment is made based on management judgment.

Following is an analysis of the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables and investment in operating leases for the period ended March 31, 2011 (in millions):

   
Finance Receivables
   
Net Investment in
       
   
Consumer
   
Non-consumer
   
Total
   
Operating Leases
   
Total Allowance
 
Financial Services Sector
                             
Allowance for credit losses:
                             
  Beginning balance
  $ 707     $ 70     $ 777     $ 87     $ 864  
    Charge-offs
    (113 )     2       (111 )     (29 )     (140 )
    Recoveries
    57       2       59       25       84  
    Provision for credit losses
    (30 )     (25 )     (55 )     (9 )     (64 )
    Other (a)
    7       1       8       1       9  
  Ending balance
  $ 628     $ 50     $ 678     $ 75     $ 753  
                                         
Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses:
                                       
    Collective impairment allowance
  $ 628     $ 41     $ 669     $ 75     $ 744  
    Specific impairment allowance
          9       9             9  
  Ending balance
  $ 628     $ 50     $ 678     $ 75     $ 753  
                                         
Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables and net investment in operating leases:
                                       
  Collectively evaluated for impairment
  $ 49,395     $ 26,370     $ 75,765     $ 10,467          
  Specifically evaluated for impairment
          112       112                
Recorded investment (b)
  $ 49,395     $ 26,482     $ 75,877     $ 10,467          
                                         
Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses
  $ 48,767     $ 26,432     $ 75,199     $ 10,392          
 

(a) Represents principally amounts related to translation adjustments.
(b) Finance receivables and net investment in operating leases before allowance for credit losses.

 
29

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 7.  INVENTORIES

All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  Cost for a substantial portion of U.S. inventories is determined on a last-in, first-out ("LIFO") basis.  LIFO was used for approximately 37% and 31% of inventories at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.  Cost of other inventories is determined on a first-in, first-out ("FIFO") basis.

Inventories are summarized as follows (in millions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Raw materials, work-in-process and supplies
  $ 3,244     $ 2,812  
Finished products
    5,044       3,970  
Total inventories under FIFO
    8,288       6,782  
Less: LIFO adjustment
    (874 )     (865 )
Total inventories
  $ 7,414     $ 5,917  
 

NOTE 8.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary.  The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

If we determine that we have operating power and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits, we consolidate the VIE as the primary beneficiary.  Within our Automotive sector, we have operating power when our management has the ability to make key operating decisions, such as decisions regarding product investment or manufacturing production schedules.  For our Financial Services sector, we have operating power when we have the ability to exercise discretion in the servicing of financial assets, issue additional debt, exercise a unilateral call option, add assets to revolving structures, or control investment decisions.
 
Assets recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against our general assets.  Conversely, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on our general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIEs.
 
Automotive Sector

VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary:

At December 31, 2010, we had one VIE of which we were the primary beneficiary – Cologne Precision Forge GmbH ("CPF"), formerly Tekfor Cologne GmbH.  CPF was a 50/50 joint venture with Neumayer Tekfor GmbH ("Neumayer") to which Ford transferred the operations of its Cologne forge plant in 2003. CPF produced forged components, primarily for transmissions and chassis, for use in Ford vehicles and for sale to third parties.  On December 21, 2010, Ford and Neumayer signed an agreement pursuant to which Neumayer would withdraw from the joint venture and sell its shares in the joint venture to Ford.  The agreement became effective in March 2011 and CPF is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ford.
 
 
30

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 8.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Continued)

The total consolidated VIE assets and liabilities reflected on our balance sheet are as follows (in millions):

Assets
 
December, 31,
2010
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 9  
Other receivables, net
    13  
Inventories
    19  
Net property
    31  
Other assets
    2  
Total assets
  $ 74  
Liabilities
       
Payables
  $ 16  
Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue
     
Debt
     
Total liabilities
  $ 16  

The financial performance of the consolidated VIEs reflected on our statement of operations at March 31, 2011 and 2010 includes consolidated sales of $10 million and $15 million, respectively, and consolidated cost of sales, selling, administrative, and interest expense of $9 million and $18 million, respectively.

VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary:

Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH ("GFT") is a joint venture that constitutes a significant VIE of which we are not the primary beneficiary, and which is not consolidated as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.  GFT is a 50/50 joint venture with Getrag Deutsche Venture GmbH and Co. KG.  Ford and its related parties purchase substantially all of the joint venture's output.  We do not, however, have the power to direct economically significant activities of the joint venture.

Additionally, Zeledyne, LLC ("Zeledyne") is a VIE (that is not a joint venture) of which we are not the primary beneficiary as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.  Zeledyne manufactures and sells glass products for automotive glass markets.  Zeledyne purchased the Automotive Components Holdings ("ACH") glass business from us in 2008 and has continued to supply us with automotive glass. During 2010, we agreed to amend our supply agreement and to provide certain guarantees to Zeledyne. The revised contractual arrangement prompted our reconsideration of whether Zeledyne is a VIE.  We have concluded Zeledyne is a VIE; however Ford does not have decision-making ability over key operational functions within Zeledyne and therefore, is not the primary beneficiary of the entity.  Subsequent to March 31, 2011, Zeledyne sold a portion of its glass business to Central Glass.  The sale qualifies as a reconsideration event for VIE analysis.  As the guarantees are still in place, Zeledyne will remain a VIE of which Ford is not the primary beneficiary.  The carrying value of our obligation relating to the guarantees to Zeledyne's shareholders was $10 million at March 31, 2011.

Ford Motor Company Capital Trust II ("Trust II") was a VIE of which we were not the primary beneficiary as of December 31, 2010.  On March 15, 2011, Ford redeemed the Subordinated Convertible Debentures due to Trust II and, as a result, Trust II was liquidated.  For additional discussion of Trust II, see Note 11.

Our maximum exposure to loss from VIEs of which we are not the primary beneficiary at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 is detailed as follows (in millions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
   
Change in
Maximum
Exposure
 
Investments
  $ 281     $ 417     $ (136 )
Guarantees
    10       10        
Total maximum exposure
  $ 291     $ 427     $ (136 )
 
 
31

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 8.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Continued)

Financial Services Sector

VIEs of which the Financial Services sector is the primary beneficiary:

Our Financial Services sector uses special purpose entities to issue asset-backed securities in transactions to public and private investors, bank conduits, and government-sponsored entities or others who obtain funding from government programs.  We have deemed most of these special purpose entities to be VIEs.  The asset-backed securities are secured by finance receivables and interests in net investments in operating leases.  The assets continue to be consolidated by our Financial Services sector.  Our Financial Services sector retains interests in its securitization VIEs, including senior and subordinated securities issued by VIEs and rights to cash held for the benefit of the securitization investors.

The transactions create and pass along risks to the variable interest holders, depending on the assets securing the debt and the specific terms of the transactions.  Our Financial Services sector aggregates and analyzes its transactions based on the risk profile of the product and the type of funding structure, including:

 
Retail transactions – consumer credit risk and prepayment risk
 
Wholesale transactions – dealer credit risk
 
Net investments in operating lease transactions – vehicle residual value risk, consumer credit risk, and prepayment risk

As residual interest holder, our Financial Services sector is exposed to underlying residual and credit risk of the collateral, and is exposed to interest rate risk in certain transactions.  The amount of risk absorbed by our Financial Services sector's residual interests is generally represented by and limited to the amount of overcollaterization of its assets securing the debt and any cash reserves.

Our Financial Services sector has no obligation to repurchase or replace any securitized asset that subsequently becomes delinquent in payment or otherwise is in default, except under standard representations or warranties such as good and marketable title to the assets, or when certain changes are made to the underlying asset contracts.  Securitization investors have no recourse to our Financial Services sector or its other assets for credit losses on the securitized assets, and have no right to require the Financial Services sector to repurchase the investments.  The Financial Services sector does not guarantee any asset-backed securities and generally has no obligation to provide liquidity or contribute cash or additional assets to the VIEs.  Ford Credit may be required to support the performance of certain securitization transactions, however, by increasing cash reserves.

Although not contractually required, Ford Credit regularly supports its wholesale securitization programs by repurchasing receivables of a dealer from the VIEs when the dealer's performance is at risk, which transfers the corresponding risk of loss from the VIE to Ford Credit.  In order to continue to fund the wholesale receivables, Ford Credit also may contribute additional cash or wholesale receivables if the collateral falls below the required level.  The balances of cash related to these contributions were $146 million and $0 at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and ranged from $0 to $146 million during the first quarter of 2011.  In addition, while not contractually required, Ford Credit may purchase the commercial paper issued by Ford Credit's asset-backed commercial paper program ("FCAR").
 
 
32

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 8.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Continued)

VIEs that are exposed to interest rate or currency risk have reduced their risks by entering into derivative transactions.  In certain instances, Ford Credit has entered into offsetting derivative transactions with the VIE to protect the VIE from the risks that are not mitigated through the derivative transactions between the VIE and its external counterparty.  In other instances, Ford Credit has entered into derivative transactions with the counterparty to protect the counterparty from risks absorbed through their derivative transactions with the VIEs.  See Note 16 for additional information regarding derivatives.

The following table includes assets to be used to settle the liabilities of the Financial Services sector's consolidated VIEs.  The Financial Services sector may retain debt issued by the consolidated VIEs and this debt is excluded from the table below.  The Financial Services sector holds the right to the excess cash flows from the assets that are not needed to pay liabilities of the consolidated VIEs.  The assets and debt reflected on our consolidated balance sheet are as follows (in billions):

   
March 31, 2011
 
   
Cash and Cash
Equivalents
   
Finance
Receivables, Net
and
Net Investment in Operating Leases
   
Debt
 
Finance receivables
                 
  Retail
  $ 3.0     $ 32.8     $ 27.2  
  Wholesale
    0.6       17.6       11.8  
    Total finance receivables
    3.6       50.4       39.0  
Net investment in operating leases
    0.8       5.3       2.4  
  Total*
  $ 4.4     $ 55.7     $ 41.4  
__________
*
Certain notes issued by the VIEs to affiliated companies served as collateral for accessing the European Central Bank ("ECB") open market operations program.  This external funding of $326 million at March 31, 2011 was not reflected as debt of the VIEs and is excluded from the table above, but was included in our consolidated debt. The finance receivables backing this external funding are included in the table above.


   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Cash and Cash
Equivalents
   
Finance
Receivables, Net
and
Net Investment in Operating Leases
   
Debt
 
Finance receivables
                 
  Retail
  $ 2.9     $ 33.9     $ 27.1  
  Wholesale
    0.4       16.6       10.1  
    Total finance receivables
    3.3       50.5       37.2  
Net investment in operating leases
    0.8       6.1       3.0  
  Total*
  $ 4.1     $ 56.6     $ 40.2  
__________
*
Certain notes issued by the VIEs to affiliated companies served as collateral for accessing the European Central Bank ("ECB") open market operations program.  This external funding of $334 million at December 31, 2010 was not reflected as debt of the VIEs and is excluded from the table above, but was included in our consolidated debt. The finance receivables backing this external funding are included in the table above.


Ford Credit's exposure based on the fair value of derivative instruments related to consolidated VIEs that support its securitization transactions is as follows (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Derivative
Asset
   
Derivative
Liability
   
Derivative
Asset
   
Derivative
Liability
 
VIE Securitization Entities
  $ 44     $ 105     $ 26     $ 222  
Ford Credit related to VIE
    56       59       134       37  
   Total derivative financial instruments*
  $ 100     $ 164     $ 160     $ 259  
__________
*
Ford Credit derivative assets and liabilities are included in Other assets and Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet.
 
 
33

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 8.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Continued)

The financial performance of the consolidated VIEs that support Ford Credit's securitization transactions reflected in our statement of operations is as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter 2011
   
First Quarter 2010
 
   
Derivative
Income
   
Interest
Expense
   
Derivative
Expense
   
Interest
Expense
 
VIEs financial performance
  $ 55     $ 254     $ 145     $ 332  

VIEs of which the Financial Services sector is not the primary beneficiary:

Ford Credit has an investment in Forso Nordic AB, a joint venture determined to be a VIE of which Ford Credit is not the primary beneficiary.  The joint venture provides consumer and dealer financing in its local markets and is financed by external debt and additional subordinated interest provided by the joint venture partner.  The operating agreement indicates that the power to direct economically significant activities is shared with its joint venture partner, and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits resides primarily with its joint venture partner.  Ford Credit's investment in the joint venture is accounted for as an equity method investment and is included in Equity in net assets of affiliated companies.  Ford Credit's maximum exposure to any potential losses associated with this VIE is limited to its equity investment, and amounted to $77 million and $71 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.


NOTE 9.  NET INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Our intangible assets are comprised primarily of license and advertising agreements, land rights, patents, customer contracts, and technology and each is amortized over its determinable life.

The components of net intangible assets are as follows (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Gross
 Carrying
Amount
   
Accumulated Amortization
   
Net Carrying Amount
   
Gross
Carrying
Amount
   
Accumulated Amortization
   
Net Carrying Amount
 
Automotive Sector
                                   
License and advertising agreements
    111       (41 )     70       111       (39 )     72  
Land rights
    23       (7 )     16       23       (7 )     16  
Patents
    25       (16 )     9       25       (16 )     9  
Other
    27       (24 )     3       28       (23 )     5  
Total Automotive sector
  $ 186     $ (88 )   $ 98     $ 187     $ (85 )   $ 102  

Our license and advertising agreements have amortization periods of 5 years to 25 years, our land rights have amortization periods of 40 years to 50 years, our patents have amortization periods primarily of 7 years to 17 years, and our other intangibles have various amortization periods (primarily customer contracts and technology).

Pre-tax amortization expense for the periods ending March 31 was as follows (in millions):

   
2011
   
2010
 
Pre-tax amortization expense
  $ 3     $ 23  

Amortization for current intangible assets is forecasted to be approximately $12 million in 2011 and each year thereafter.

 
34

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 10.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS

We provide pension benefits and other postretirement employee benefits ("OPEB"), such as health care and life insurance, to employees in many of our operations around the world.

Pension and OPEB expense is summarized as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
Pension Benefits
             
   
U.S. Plans
   
Non-U.S. Plans
   
OPEB
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Service cost
  $ 117     $ 94     $ 80     $ 85     $ 15     $ 14  
Interest cost
    594       631       303       325       82       84  
Expected return on assets
    (757 )     (791 )     (348 )     (347 )            
Amortization of:
                                               
Prior service costs/(credits)
    86       93       18       19       (152 )     (154 )
(Gains)/Losses and Other
    46       2       83       65       29       24  
Separation programs
    1       3       5       4              
(Gain)/Loss from curtailment
                                   
Net expense/(income)
  $ 87     $ 32     $ 141     $ 151     $ (26 )   $ (32 )

Plan Contributions

Our policy for funded plans is to contribute annually, at a minimum, amounts required by applicable laws and regulations.  From time to time, we make contributions beyond those legally required.

Pension.  In the first quarter of 2011, we contributed about $300 million to our worldwide funded pension plans, and made about $100 million of benefit payments directly by the Company for unfunded plans.  We expect to contribute from Automotive cash and cash equivalents an additional $900 million to our funded plans in 2011, and to make $300 million of benefit payments directly by the Company for unfunded plans, for a total of $1.6 billion this year.  Based on current assumptions and regulations, we do not expect to have a legal requirement to fund our major U.S. pension plans in 2011.


NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS

Our debt consists of short-term and long-term unsecured debt securities, convertible debt securities, and unsecured and secured borrowings from banks and other lenders.  Debt issuances are placed directly by us or through securities dealers or underwriters and are held by institutional and retail investors.  In addition, Ford Credit sponsors securitization programs that provide short-term and long-term asset-backed financing through institutional investors in the U.S. and international capital markets.

Debt is recorded on our balance sheet at par value adjusted for unamortized discount or premium (in addition to adjustments related to debt in designated fair value hedge relationships; see Note 16 for policy detail).  Discounts, premiums, and costs directly related to the issuance of debt generally are capitalized and amortized over the life of the debt and are recorded in Interest expense using the interest method.  Gains and losses on the extinguishment of debt are recorded in Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net and Financial Services other income/(loss), net.

Amounts borrowed and repaid are reported in our statement of cash flows as Cash flows from financing activities of continuing operations.  Interest, fees and deferred charges paid in excess of the amount borrowed are reported as Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations.

Although we have not elected to mark any of our debt to fair value through earnings, we estimate its fair value for disclosure purposes.  The fair value of debt is estimated based on quoted market prices, current market rates for similar debt with approximately the same remaining maturities, or discounted cash flow models utilizing current market rates.

 
35

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Debt outstanding is shown below (in millions):
 
Automotive Sector
 
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
  Debt payable within one year
           
    Short-term with non-affiliates
  $ 401     $ 478  
    Short-term with unconsolidated affiliates
    369       382  
    Long-term payable within one year
               
  Secured term loan
    144       140  
  Secured revolving loan
    838       838  
  Other debt
    259       211  
 Total debt payable within one year
    2,011       2,049  
  Long-term debt payable after one year
               
  Public unsecured debt securities
    5,260       5,260  
  Convertible notes
    908       908  
  Subordinated convertible debentures
          2,985  
  Secured term loan
    3,923       3,946  
  U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") loans
    3,325       2,752  
  European Investment Bank ("EIB") loan
    722       699  
  Other debt
    724       758  
  Unamortized discount
    (273 )     (280 )
    Total long-term debt payable after one year
    14,589       17,028  
      Total Automotive sector
  $ 16,600     $ 19,077  
  Fair value of debt
  $ 16,330     $ 19,260  
Financial Services Sector
               
  Short-term debt
               
    Asset-backed commercial paper
  $ 6,751     $ 6,634  
    Other asset-backed short-term debt
    1,548       1,447  
    Ford Interest Advantage (a)
    4,924       4,525  
    Other short-term debt
    928       801  
  Total short-term debt
    14,151       13,407  
  Long-term debt
               
    Unsecured debt
               
  Notes payable within one year
    9,888       9,524  
  Notes payable after one year
    24,214       26,390  
  Asset-backed debt
               
  Notes payable within one year
    15,383       16,684  
  Notes payable after one year
    21,745       19,208  
  Unamortized discount
    (368 )     (403 )
  Fair value adjustment (b)
    226       302  
Total long-term debt
    71,088       71,705  
  Total Financial Services sector
  $ 85,239     $ 85,112  
  Fair value of debt
  $ 89,590     $ 88,569  
           Total Automotive and Financial Services sectors
  $ 101,839     $ 104,189  
Intersector elimination (c)
    (201 )     (201 )
         Total Company
  $ 101,638     $ 103,988  
__________
(a)
The Ford Interest Advantage program consists of Ford Credit's floating rate demand notes.
(b)
Adjustments related to designated fair value hedges of unsecured debt.
(c)
Debt related to Ford's acquisition of Ford Credit debt securities; see Note 1 for additional detail.
 
 
36

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

The fair value of debt presented above reflects interest accrued but not yet paid.  Interest accrued on Automotive sector debt is reported in Automotive accrued liabilities and deferred revenue and was $206 million and $275 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.  Interest accrued on Financial Services sector debt is reported in Financial Services other liabilities and deferred income and was $788 million and about $1 billion at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Maturities

Debt maturities at March 31, 2011 were as follows (in millions):

   
2011
   
2012
   
2013
   
2014
   
2015
   
Thereafter
   
Total Debt Maturities
 
Automotive Sector
                                         
Public unsecured debt securities
  $     $     $     $     $     $ 5,260     $ 5,260  
Unamortized discount (a)
                                  (80 )     (80 )
Convertible notes
                                  908       908  
Unamortized discount (a)
                                  (193 )     (193 )
Secured term loan
    144       77       3,846                         4,067  
Secured revolving loan
    838                                     838  
U.S. DOE loans
          166       332       333       333       2,161       3,325  
Short-term and other debt (b)
    926       239       302       33       760       215       2,475  
Total Automotive debt
    1,908       482       4,480       366       1,093       8,271       16,600  
                                                         
Financial Services Sector
                                                       
Unsecured debt
    11,580       7,499       5,451       3,869       5,257       6,298       39,954  
Asset-backed debt
    21,213       13,893       5,633       2,709       1,961       18       45,427  
Unamortized (discount)/premium (a)
    1       (100     (49     (149     (25     (46 )     (368
Fair value adjustments (a) (c)
    23       69       60       31       41       2       226  
Total Financial Services debt
    32,817       21,361       11,095       6,460       7,234       6,272       85,239  
                                                         
Intersector elimination (d)
          (201 )                             (201 )
Total Company
  $ 34,725     $ 21,642     $ 15,575     $ 6,826     $ 8,327     $ 14,543     $ 101,638  


(a)
Unamortized discount and fair value adjustments are presented based on contractual payment date of related debt.
(b)
Primarily non-U.S. affiliate debt and includes EIB and Export-Import Bank of the United States secured loans.
(c)
Adjustments related to designated fair value hedges of unsecured debt.
(d)
Debt related to Ford's acquisition of Ford Credit debt securities; see Note 1 for additional detail.
 
 
37

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Automotive Sector

Public Unsecured Debt Securities

Our public unsecured debt securities outstanding were as follows (in millions):

   
Aggregate Principal Amount Outstanding
 
Title of Security
 
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
6 1/2% Debentures due August 1, 2018
  $ 361     $ 361  
8 7/8% Debentures due January 15, 2022
    86       86  
6.55% Debentures due October 3, 2022 (a) 
    15       15  
7 1/8% Debentures due November 15, 2025
    209       209  
7 1/2% Debentures due August 1, 2026
    193       193  
6 5/8% Debentures due February 15, 2028
    104       104  
6 5/8% Debentures due October 1, 2028 (b) 
    638       638  
6 3/8% Debentures due February 1, 2029 (b) 
    260       260  
5.95% Debentures due September 3, 2029 (a) 
    8       8  
6.15% Debentures due June 3, 2030 (a) 
    10       10  
7.45% GLOBLS due July 16, 2031 (b) 
    1,794       1,794  
8.900% Debentures due January 15, 2032
    151       151  
9.95% Debentures due February 15, 2032
    4       4  
5.75% Debentures due April 2, 2035 (a) 
    40       40  
7.50% Debentures due June 10, 2043 (c) 
    593       593  
7.75% Debentures due June 15, 2043
    73       73  
7.40% Debentures due November 1, 2046
    398       398  
9.980% Debentures due February 15, 2047
    181       181  
7.70% Debentures due May 15, 2097
    142       142  
Total public unsecured debt securities (d)
  $ 5,260     $ 5,260  


(a)
Unregistered industrial revenue bonds.
(b)
Listed on the Luxembourg Exchange and on the Singapore Exchange.
(c)
Listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
(d)
Excludes 9 1/2% Debentures due September 15, 2011 and 9.215% Debentures due September 15, 2021 with outstanding balances at March 31, 2011 of $165 million and $180 million, respectively.  The proceeds from these securities were on-lent by Ford to Ford Holdings to fund Financial Services activity and are reported as Financial Services debt.

 
38

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Convertible Notes

Convertible Notes due December 15, 2016

At March 31, 2011, we had outstanding $883 million principal of 4.25% Senior Convertible Notes due December 15, 2016 ("2016 Convertible Notes").  The 2016 Convertible Notes pay interest semiannually at a rate of 4.25% per annum.  The 2016 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Ford Common Stock, based on a conversion rate (subject to adjustment) of 107.5269 shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2016 Convertible Notes (which is equal to a conversion price of $9.30 per share, representing a 25% conversion premium based on the closing price of $7.44 per share on November 3, 2009).

Upon conversion, we have the right to deliver, in lieu of shares of Ford Common Stock, either cash or a combination of cash and Ford Common Stock.  Holders may require us to purchase all or a portion of the 2016 Convertible Notes upon a change in control of the Company, or for shares of Ford Common Stock upon a designated event that is not a change in control, in each case for a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2016 Convertible Notes being repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase.  We also may terminate the conversion rights at any time on or after November 20, 2014 if the closing price of Ford Common Stock exceeds 130% of the then-applicable conversion price for 20 trading days during any consecutive 30-trading day period.

Liability and equity components of our 2016 Convertible Notes are summarized as follows (in millions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Liability component
           
Principal
  $ 883     $ 883  
Unamortized discount
    (187 )     (193 )
Net carrying amount
  $ 696     $ 690  
                 
Equity component of outstanding debt (recorded in Capital in excess of par value of stock)
  $ (216 )   $ (216 )

We recognized interest cost on our 2016 Convertible Notes as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Contractual interest coupon
  $ 9     $ 30  
Amortization of discount
    6       18  
Total interest cost on 2016 Convertible Notes
  $ 15     $ 48  

The discount on the liability components of the 2016 Convertible Notes will amortize through November 16, 2016.  The total effective rate on the liability components of the remaining $768 million of principal from the original convertible notes and $115 million of principal amount from the option the underwriter's exercised to purchase additional convertible notes was 9.2% and 8.6%, respectively.  If all $883 million of 2016 Convertible Notes were converted into shares as of March 31, 2011 at a share price of $14.91, the share value would exceed the principal value of debt by $532 million.

Convertible Notes due December 15, 2036

At March 31, 2011, we had outstanding $25 million principal of 4.25% Senior Convertible Notes due December 15, 2036 ("2036 Convertible Notes").  The 2036 Convertible Notes pay interest semiannually at a rate of 4.25% per annum.  The 2036 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Ford Common Stock, based on a conversion rate (subject to adjustment) of 108.6957 shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2036 Convertible Notes (which is equal to a conversion price of $9.20 per share, representing a 25% conversion premium based on the closing price of $7.36 per share on December 6, 2006).

 
39

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Upon conversion we have the right to deliver, in lieu of shares of Ford Common Stock, either cash or a combination of cash and Ford Common Stock.  Holders may require us to purchase all or a portion of the 2036 Convertible Notes for cash on December 20, 2016 and December 15, 2026 or upon a change in control of the Company, or for shares of Ford Common Stock upon a designated event that is not a change in control, in each case for a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2036 Convertible Notes being repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase.  We may redeem for cash all or a portion of the 2036 Convertible Notes at our option at any time or from time to time on or after December 20, 2016 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2036 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.  We also may terminate the conversion rights at any time on or after December 20, 2013 if the closing price of Ford Common Stock exceeds 140% of the then-applicable conversion price for 20 trading days during any consecutive 30-trading day period.

Liability and equity components of our 2036 Convertible Notes are summarized as follows (in millions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Liability component
           
Principal
  $ 25     $ 25  
Unamortized discount
    (6 )     (6 )
Net carrying amount
  $ 19     $ 19  
                 
Equity component of outstanding debt (recorded in Capital in excess of par value of stock)
  $ (9 )   $ (9 )

We recognized interest cost on our 2036 Convertible Notes as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Contractual interest coupon
  $     $ 6  
Amortization of discount
          4  
Total interest cost on 2036 Convertible Notes
  $     $ 10  

The discount on the liability component of the 2036 Convertible Notes will amortize through December 20, 2016, the first put date.  The total effective rate on the liability component was 10.5%.  If all $25 million of 2036 Convertible Notes were converted into shares as of March 31, 2011 at a share price of $14.91, the share value would exceed the principal value of debt by $16 million.

Subordinated Convertible Debentures

At December 31, 2010, we had outstanding $3 billion of 6.50% Junior Subordinated Convertible Debentures due 2032 ("Subordinated Convertible Debentures"), reported in Automotive long-term debt.  The $3 billion of Subordinated Convertible Debentures were due to Trust II, an unconsolidated entity, and were the sole assets of Trust II (for additional discussion of Trust II, see Note 8).  As of January 15, 2007, the Subordinated Convertible Debentures were redeemable at our option.

At December 31, 2010, Trust II had outstanding 6.50% Cumulative Convertible Trust Preferred Securities with an aggregate liquidation preference of $2.8 billion ("Trust Preferred Securities").  The Trust Preferred Securities were convertible into shares of Ford Common Stock, based on a conversion rate (subject to adjustment) of 2.8769 shares per $50 liquidation preference amount of Trust Preferred Securities (which is equal to a conversion price of $17.38 per share).  We guaranteed the payment of all distribution and other payments of the Trust Preferred Securities to the extent not paid by Trust II, but only if and to the extent we had made a payment of interest or principal on the Subordinated Convertible Debentures.

On March 15, 2011, pursuant to the redemption notice provided to the property trustee of Trust II, we redeemed in whole the Subordinated Convertible Debentures due to Trust II at a price of $100.66 per $100 principal amount of such debentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest of $1.08 per debenture.  The proceeds from the redemption of the Subordinated Convertible Debentures were used by Trust II to redeem in whole the Trust Preferred Securities at a price of $50.33 per $50 liquidation preference of such securities, plus accrued and unpaid distributions of $0.54 per security.  Redemption of these securities resulted in a reduction of about $3 billion in Automotive debt and lower annualized interest costs of about $190 million.  It also resulted in a 2011 first quarter pre-tax charge of $60 million in Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net.

 
40

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Secured Term Loan and Revolving Loan

At March 31, 2011, commitments under the revolving credit facility of our secured Credit Agreement totaled $9.8 billion, with $886 million maturing on December 15, 2011 and $8.9 billion maturing on November 30, 2013.  During the first quarter of 2011, we increased the revolving commitments maturing on November 30, 2013 by $1.7 billion.  Pursuant to our Credit Agreement, at March 31, 2011, we had $8.6 billion available to be drawn under the revolving facility and had outstanding:
 
●     
$4.1 billion of a term loan maturing on December 15, 2013.  The term loan principal amount amortizes at a rate of $77 million (1% of original loan) per annum and bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 2.75%;
●     
$838 million of drawn revolving loans maturing on December 15, 2011, which bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 1%; and
●     
$355 million of letters of credit under the revolving facility.

As a result of the completion of the true-up of the purchase price adjustments related to the sale of Volvo, we received additional proceeds from the buyer on April 19, 2011.  Pursuant to the terms of our Credit Agreement, we paid half or about $67 million of the additional proceeds to the term loan lenders on April 20, 2011.

DOE Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing ("ATVM") Program

Pursuant to the Loan Arrangement and Reimbursement Agreement (the "Arrangement Agreement") with the DOE entered into on September 16, 2009, we had outstanding $3.3 billion in loans as of March 31, 2011. Under the terms of the Arrangement Agreement, the DOE agreed to (i) arrange a 13-year multi-draw term loan facility (the "Facility") under the ATVM Program in the aggregate principal amount of up to $5.9 billion, (ii) designate us as a borrower under the ATVM Program and (iii) cause the Federal Financing Bank ("FFB") to enter into the Note Purchase Agreement (the "Note Purchase Agreement") for the purchase of notes to be issued by us evidencing such loans under the Arrangement Agreement. Loans under the ATVM are made by and through the FFB, an instrumentality of the U.S. government that is under the general supervision of the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.

The proceeds of advances under the Facility will be used to finance certain costs eligible for financing under the ATVM Program ("Eligible Project Costs") that are incurred through the end of 2012 in the implementation of 13 advanced technology vehicle programs approved for funding by the DOE (each, a "Project").  The Arrangement Agreement limits the amount of advances that may be used to fund Eligible Project Costs for each Project, and our ability to finance Eligible Project Costs with respect to a Project is conditioned on us meeting agreed timing milestones and fuel economy targets for that Project.  Each advance bears interest at a blended rate based on the Treasury yield curve at the time such advance is borrowed, based on the principal amortization schedule for that advance, with interest payable quarterly in arrears.

EIB Credit Facility

On July 12, 2010, Ford Motor Company Limited, our operating subsidiary in the United Kingdom ("Ford of Britain"), entered into a credit facility for an aggregate amount of £450 million with the EIB.  Proceeds of loans drawn under the facility will be used for research and development of fuel-efficient engines and commercial vehicles with lower emissions, and related upgrades to an engine manufacturing plant.  The facility was fully drawn in the third quarter of 2010, and Ford of Britain had outstanding $722 million of loans at March 31, 2011.  The loans are five-year, non-amortizing loans secured by a guarantee from the U.K. government for 80% of the outstanding principal amount and cash collateral from Ford of Britain equal to 20% of the outstanding principal amount, and bear interest at a fixed rate of approximately 3.6% per annum (excluding a commitment fee of 0.30% to the U.K. government).  Ford of Britain has pledged substantially all of its fixed assets, receivables and inventory to the U.K. government as collateral, and we have guaranteed Ford of Britain’s obligations to the U.K. government related to the government’s guarantee.

 
41

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Financial Services Sector

Debt Repurchases

From time to time and based on market conditions, our Financial Services sector may repurchase some of its outstanding debt.  If our Financial Services sector has excess liquidity, and it is an economically favorable use of its available cash (i.e., overall yield on the debt repurchased exceeds the return on investment alternatives), it may repurchase debt at a price lower or higher than its carrying value, resulting in a gain or loss on extinguishment.

In the first quarter of 2011, through private market transactions, our Financial Services sector repurchased and called an aggregate principal amount of $675 million (including $114 million maturing in 2011) of its unsecured debt.  As a result, our Financial Services sector recorded a pre-tax loss of $8 million, net of unamortized premiums, discounts and fees in Financial Services other income/(loss), net.

In the first quarter of 2010, through private market transactions, our Financial Services sector repurchased and called an aggregate principal amount of $319 million (including $157 million maturing in 2010) of its unsecured debt.  As a result, our Financial Services sector recorded a pre-tax loss of $7 million, net of unamortized premiums, discounts and fees in Financial Services other income/(loss), net.

Asset-Backed Debt

To fund operations and to maintain liquidity, our Financial Services sector transfers finance receivables and net investments in operating leases in securitization transactions.  These transactions involve sales to consolidated entities or Ford Credit maintains control over the assets and, therefore, the securitized assets and related debt remain recorded on our financial statements.

Securitized assets are only available to repay the related asset-backed debt and to pay other securitization investors and other participants.  These underlying securitized assets are available only for payment of the debt and other obligations issued or arising in the securitization transactions; they are not available to pay Ford Credit's other obligations or the claims of its other creditors.  Ford Credit holds the right to the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt and other obligations issued or arising in each of the securitization transactions.  This debt is not Ford Credit's legal obligation or the legal obligation of its other subsidiaries.

 
42

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 11.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

The following table shows the assets and liabilities related to our Financial Services sector's asset-backed debt arrangements that are included in our financial statements (in billions):

   
March 31, 2011
 
   
Cash and Cash
Equivalents
   
Finance Receivables, Net
and Net Investment in
Operating Leases
   
Related
Debt
 
VIEs (a)
                 
  Finance receivables
  $ 3.6     $ 50.4     $ 39.0  
  Net investment in operating leases
    0.8       5.3       2.4  
    Total
  $ 4.4     $ 55.7     $ 41.4  
Non-VIE
                       
  Finance receivables (b)
  $ 0.1     $ 4.3     $ 3.9  
Total securitization transactions
                       
  Finance receivables
  $ 3.7     $ 54.7     $ 42.9  
  Net investment in operating leases
    0.8       5.3       2.4  
Total
  $ 4.5     $ 60.0     $ 45.3  
       
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Cash and Cash
Equivalents
   
Finance Receivables, Net
and Net Investment in
Operating Leases
   
Related
Debt
 
VIEs (a)
                       
  Finance receivables
  $ 3.3     $ 50.5     $ 37.2  
  Net investment in operating leases
    0.8       6.1       3.0  
    Total
  $ 4.1     $ 56.6     $ 40.2  
Non-VIE
                       
  Finance receivables (b)
  $ 0.2     $ 4.1     $ 3.7  
Total securitization transactions
                       
  Finance receivables
  $ 3.5     $ 54.6     $ 40.9  
  Net investment in operating leases
    0.8       6.1       3.0  
Total
  $ 4.3     $ 60.7     $ 43.9  


(a)
Includes assets that can be used to settle liabilities of the consolidated VIEs.  See Note 8 for additional information on Financial Services sector VIEs.
(b)
 
Certain debt issued by the VIEs to affiliated companies served as collateral for accessing the ECB open market operations program.  This external funding of $326 million and $334 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively was not reflected as a liability of the VIEs and is reflected as a non-VIE liability above.  The finance receivables backing this external funding are reflected in VIE finance receivables.

Financial Services sector asset-backed debt also included $83 million and $87 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, that is secured by property.


NOTE 12.  OTHER INCOME/(LOSS)

Automotive Sector

The following table summarizes amounts included in Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net for the periods ending March 31 (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Interest income
  $ 85     $ 47  
Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents and marketable securities
    (44 )     119  
Gains/(Losses) on the sale of held-for-sale operations, equity and cost investments, and other dispositions
    25       4  
Gains/(Losses) on extinguishment of debt *
    (60 )      
Other
    34       19  
Total
  $ 40     $ 189  


*  See Note 11 for a description of the debt transaction.

 
43

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 12.  OTHER INCOME/(LOSS) (Continued)

Financial Services Sector

The following table summarizes the amounts included in Financial Services other income/(loss), net for the periods ending March 31 (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Interest income (investment-related)
  $ 24     $ 16  
Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents and marketable securities
    4       2  
Gains/(Losses) on the sale of held-for-sale operations, equity and cost investments, and other dispositions
          1  
Gains/(Losses) on extinguishment of debt
    (8 )     (7 )
Investment and other income related to sales of receivables
           
Insurance premiums earned, net
    23       26  
Other
    42       88  
Total
  $ 85     $ 126  


NOTE 13. INCOME TAXES

Generally, for interim tax reporting we estimate one single tax rate for tax jurisdictions not subject to a valuation allowance, which is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income/(loss). We manage our operations by multi-jurisdictional business units, however, and thus are unable to reasonably compute one overall effective tax rate. Accordingly, our worldwide tax provision is calculated pursuant to U.S. GAAP, which provides that tax (or benefit) in each foreign jurisdiction not subject to valuation allowance be separately computed as ordinary income/(loss) occurs within the jurisdiction.


NOTE 14.  DISPOSITIONS AND ACQUISITIONS

Automotive Sector

Dispositions

Volvo.  On August 2, 2010, we completed the sale of Volvo and related assets.  As agreed, Volvo will retain or acquire certain assets presently used by Volvo, consisting principally of ownership of, or licenses to use, certain intellectual property.

During the first quarter of 2011, the final true-up of the purchase price was adjusted upward by $9 million, lowering our pre-tax loss on the sale to $14 million.  This favorable adjustment increased our previously recorded receivable of $126 million to $135 million, which was received in April 2011.

Acquisitions

Tekfor.  On March 15, 2011, we acquired the remaining interest in Cologne Precision Forge GmbH ("CPF"), formerly Tekfor Cologne GmbH.  CPF produces forged components, primarily for transmissions and chassis, for use in Ford vehicles and for sale to third parties.  CPF was a 50/50 joint venture with Neumayer Tekfor GmbH which was previously consolidated as a variable interest entity.  For additional discussion on the CPF acquisition, see Note 8.

 
44

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 15.  AMOUNTS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK

We present both basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") amounts in our financial reporting.  EPS is computed independently each quarter for income from continuing operations, income/(loss) from discontinued operations, and net income; as a result, the sum of per-share amounts from continuing operations and discontinued operations may not equal the total per-share amount for net earnings.  Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to Common and Class B Stock holders by the weighted-average number of Common and Class B Stock and equivalents outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS, on the other hand, reflects the maximum potential dilution that could occur if all securities and other share-based contracts, including stock options, warrants, and rights under our convertible notes were exercised.  Potential dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation if they have an anti-dilutive effect in the period.

Warrants

In conjunction with the transfer of assets to the UAW VEBA Trust on December 31, 2009, we issued warrants to purchase 362,391,305 shares of Ford Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.20 per share.  On April 6, 2010, the UAW VEBA Trust sold all such warrants to parties unrelated to us.  In connection with the sale, the terms of the warrants were modified to provide for, among other things, net share settlement as the only permitted settlement method thereby eliminating full physical settlement as an option, and elimination of certain of the transfer restrictions applicable to the underlying stock.  We received no proceeds from the offering.  All warrants are fully exercisable and expire January 1, 2013.  The net dilutive effect for warrants, shown below, includes approximately 155 million dilutive shares representing the net share settlement methodology for the 362 million warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2011.

Amounts Per Share Attributable to Ford Motor Company Common and Class B Stock

Basic and diluted income/(loss) per share were calculated using the following (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Basic and Diluted Income/(Loss) Attributable to Ford Motor Company
           
Basic income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085  
Effect of dilutive 2016 Convertible Notes (a)
    14       48  
Effect of dilutive 2036 Convertible Notes (a)
          11  
Effect of dilutive UAW VEBA Note B (a)(b)
          97  
Effect of dilutive Trust Preferred Securities (a)(c)
    36       51  
Diluted income/(loss) from continuing operations
  $ 2,601     $ 2,292  
                 
Basic and Diluted Shares
               
Average shares outstanding
    3,771       3,366  
Restricted and uncommitted-ESOP shares
          (1 )
Basic shares
    3,771       3,365  
Net dilutive options, warrants, and restricted and uncommitted-ESOP shares
    264       205  
Dilutive 2016 Convertible Notes
    95       309  
Dilutive 2036 Convertible Notes
    3       63  
Dilutive UAW VEBA Note B (b)
          464  
Dilutive Trust Preferred Securities (c)
    133       163  
Diluted shares
    4,266       4,569  


(a)
As applicable, includes interest expense, amortization of discount, amortization of fees, and other changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion.
(b)
On October 29, 2010 we prepaid the full amount of our Note B obligation to the UAW VEBA Trust in cash.
(c)
On March 15, 2011, the Trust Preferred Securities were fully redeemed and, as a result, for purposes of dilution effect, the year-to-date average share will reflect the Trust Preferred Securities owned through March 15.  However, the quarterly dilution calculation for the remaining quarters of 2011 will not include the Trust Preferred Securities.
 
 
45

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

NOTE 16.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates.  To manage these risks, we enter into various derivatives contracts.  Foreign currency exchange contracts, including forwards and options, are used to manage foreign exchange exposure.  Commodity contracts, including forwards and options, are used to manage commodity price risk.  Interest rate contracts including swaps, caps, and floors are used to manage the effects of interest rate fluctuations.  Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts are used to manage foreign currency and interest rate exposures on foreign-denominated debt.  Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative transactions and are not exchange-traded.  We review our hedging program, derivative positions, and overall risk management strategy on a regular basis.

Overall Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting.  All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value.  To ensure consistency in our treatment of derivative and non-derivative exposures with regard to our master agreements, we do not net our derivative position by counterparty for purposes of balance sheet presentation and disclosure. We do, however, consider our net position for determining fair value.

We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives.  Derivatives that are designated are documented and the relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated, as well as throughout the hedge period.  Cash flows and profit impact associated with designated hedges are reported in the same category as the underlying hedged item.

Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.  Regardless of hedge accounting treatment, we only enter into transactions that we believe will be highly effective at offsetting the underlying economic risk.  We report changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments through Automotive cost of sales, Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net, or Financial Services other income/(loss), net depending on the sector and underlying exposure.  Cash flows associated with non-designated or de-designated derivatives are reported in Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities in our statements of cash flows.

Cash Flow Hedges.  Our Automotive sector has designated certain forward and option contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions with exposure to foreign currency exchange and commodity price risks.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and is recognized in Automotive cost of sales when the hedged item affects earnings.  The ineffective portion is reported currently in Automotive cost of sales.  Our policy is to de-designate cash flow hedges prior to the time forecasted transactions are recognized as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and report subsequent changes in fair value through Automotive cost of sales.  If it becomes probable that the originally-forecasted transaction will not occur, the related amount also is reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and recognized in earnings.  Our cash flow hedges mature in eighteen months or less.

Fair Value Hedges.  Our Financial Services sector uses derivatives to reduce the risk of changes in the fair value of liabilities.  We have designated certain receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt.  The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate.  If the hedge relationship is deemed to be highly effective, we record the changes in the fair value of the hedged debt related to the risk being hedged in Financial Services debt with the offset in Financial Services other income/(loss), net. The change in fair value of the related derivative (excluding accrued interest) also is recorded in Financial Services other income/(loss), net.  Hedge ineffectiveness, recorded directly in earnings, is the difference between the change in fair value of the derivative and the change in the fair value of the hedged debt that is attributable to the changes in the benchmark interest rate.

When a derivative is de-designated from a fair value hedge relationship, or when the derivative in a fair value hedge relationship is terminated before maturity, the fair value adjustment to the hedged debt continues to be reported as part of the carrying value of the debt and is amortized over its remaining life.

 
46

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 16.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Net Investment Hedges.  We have used foreign currency exchange derivatives to hedge the net assets of certain foreign entities to offset the translation and economic exposures related to our investment in these entities.  The effective portion of changes in the value of these derivative instruments is included in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a foreign currency translation adjustment until the hedged investment is sold or liquidated.  When the investment is sold or liquidated, the hedge gains and losses previously reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) are recognized in Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net as part of the gain or loss on sale. We have had no derivative instruments in an active net investment hedging relationship since the first quarter of 2007.

Normal Purchases and Normal Sales Classification.  We have elected to apply the normal purchases and normal sales classification for physical supply contracts that are entered into for the purpose of procuring commodities to be used in production over a reasonable period in the normal course of our business.

Income Effect of Derivative Instruments

The following tables summarize by hedge designation the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded in Other comprehensive income/(loss) ("OCI"), reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) ("AOCI" ) to income and/or recognized directly in income (in millions):

   
First Quarter 2011
   
First Quarter 2010
 
   
Gain/(Loss) Recorded
in OCI
   
Gain/(Loss) Reclassified
from AOCI
to Income
   
Gain/(Loss) Recognized
in Income
   
Gain/(Loss) Recorded
in OCI
   
Gain/(Loss) Reclassified
from AOCI
to Income
   
Gain/(Loss) Recognized
in Income
 
Automotive Sector
                                   
Designated cash flow hedges:
                                   
Foreign exchange contracts
  $ 125     $ (6 )   $ -     $ (5 )   $ (3 )   $ -  
Total
  $ 125     $ (6 )   $ -     $ (5 )   $ (3 )   $ -  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                                               
Foreign exchange contracts - operating exposures
                  $ 9                     $ (155 )
Commodity contracts
                    15                       (3 )
Other –warrants
                    -                       1  
Total
                  $ 24                     $ (157 )
                                                 
Financial Services Sector
                                               
Fair value hedges:
                                               
Interest rate contracts
                                               
Net interest settlements and accruals excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness
                  $ 66                     $ 53  
Ineffectiveness *
                    (18 )                     (2 )
Total
                  $ 48                     $ 51  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                                               
Interest rate contracts
                  $ (8 )                   $ 29  
Foreign exchange contracts
                    12                       (80 )
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
                    (14 )                     (8 )
Total
                  $ (10 )                   $ (59 )


*
For first quarter 2011 and 2010, hedge ineffectiveness reflects change in fair value on derivatives of $88 million loss and $43 million gain, respectively, and change in fair value on hedged debt of $70 million gain and $45 million loss, respectively.
 
 
47

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 16.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

For our Financial Services sector, net interest settlements and accruals on fair value hedges are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. We report net interest settlements and accruals on fair value hedges in Interest expense on our consolidated statement of operations, with the exception of foreign currency revaluation on accrued interest, which is reported in Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Ineffectiveness on fair value hedges and gains and losses on interest rate contracts not designated as hedging instruments are reported in Financial Services other income/(loss), net. Gains and losses on foreign exchange and cross currency interest rate swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments are reported in Selling, administrative, and other expenses.

Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Instruments

The following tables summarize the estimated fair value of our derivative financial instruments (in millions):

   
March 31, 2011
 
         
Fair Value of
   
Fair Value of
 
   
Notionals
   
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
Automotive Sector
                 
Cash flow hedges:
                 
Foreign exchange contracts
  $ 2,894     $ 133     $ 21  
                         
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                       
Foreign exchange contracts
    2,371       89       96  
Commodity contracts
    1,515       56       17  
Other – warrants
    12       5        
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
    3,898       150       113  
                         
Total Automotive sector derivative instruments
  $ 6,792     $ 283     $ 134  
                         
Financial Services Sector
                       
Fair value hedges:
                       
Interest rate contracts
  $ 9,632     $ 444     $ 12  
                         
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                       
Interest rate contracts
    52,559       458       214  
Foreign exchange contracts
    5,362       70       25  
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
    828       -       54  
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
    58,749       528       293  
                         
Total Financial Services sector derivative instruments
  $ 68,381     $ 972     $ 305  

 
48

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 16.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

   
December 31, 2010
 
         
Fair Value of
   
Fair Value of
 
   
Notionals
   
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
Automotive Sector
                 
Cash flow hedges:
                 
Foreign exchange contracts
  $ 664     $ 8     $ 15  
                         
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                       
Foreign exchange contracts
    2,167       50       78  
Commodity contracts
    846       69       6  
Other – warrants
    12       5        
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
    3,025       124       84  
                         
Total Automotive sector derivative instruments
  $ 3,689     $ 132     $ 99  
                         
Financial Services Sector
                       
Fair value hedges:
                       
Interest rate contracts
  $ 8,826     $ 503     $ 7  
                         
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
                       
Interest rate contracts
    52,999       709       322  
Foreign exchange contracts
    3,835       24       73  
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
    1,472       25       189  
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
    58,306       758       584  
                         
Total Financial Services sector derivative instruments
  $ 67,132     $ 1,261     $ 591  

On our consolidated balance sheet, Automotive and Financial Services sectors report derivative assets in Other assets.  Derivative liabilities are reported in Payables for the Automotive sector and in Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue for Financial Services sector.

The notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a direct measure of our exposure to the financial risks described above.  The amounts exchanged are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or commodity volumes and prices.

Counterparty Risk and Collateral

Use of derivatives exposes us to the risk that a counterparty may default on a derivative contract.  We establish exposure limits for each counterparty to minimize this risk and provide counterparty diversification.  Substantially all of our derivative exposures are with counterparties that have long-term credit ratings of single-A or better.  The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in asset positions on March 31, 2011 was about $1 billion, representing the maximum loss that we would recognize at that date if all counterparties failed to perform as contracted.  We enter into master agreements with counterparties that generally allow for netting of certain exposures; therefore, the actual loss we would recognize if all counterparties failed to perform as contracted would be significantly lower.

We include an adjustment for non-performance risk in the fair value of derivative instruments.  Our adjustment for non-performance risk is relative to a measure based on an unadjusted inter-bank deposit rate (e.g., LIBOR).  For our Automotive sector, at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our adjustment reduced derivative assets and derivative liabilities by less than $1 million, respectively.  For our Financial Services sector, at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our adjustment reduced derivative assets by $4 million and $10 million, respectively, and reduced derivative liabilities by $10 million and $4 million, respectively. See Note 3 for more detail on valuation methodologies.

We post cash collateral with certain counterparties based on our net position with regard to foreign currency and commodity derivative contracts.  We posted $0 and $11 million as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, which is reported in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheet.
 
 
49

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION

In the second quarter of 2010, we changed our presentation of special items.  We now show special items as a separate reconciling item to reconcile segment results to consolidated results of the Company.  These special items include (i) personnel and dealer-related items stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (ii) certain infrequent significant items that we generally do not consider to be indicative of our ongoing operating activities.  Prior to this change, special items were included within the operating segments and the Other Automotive reconciling item.  Our current presentation reflects the fact that management excludes these items from its review of the results of the operating segments for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources.  Results for prior periods herein are presented on the same basis.
 
(In millions)
 
Automotive Sector
 
   
Operating Segments
   
Reconciling Items
       
   
Ford North
America
   
Ford South
America
   
Ford
Europe
   
Ford Asia
Pacific
Africa
   
Other
Automotive
   
Special
Items
   
Total
 
FIRST QUARTER 2011
                                         
Sales/Revenues
                                         
  External customer
  $ 17,957     $ 2,319     $ 8,705     $ 2,057     $     $     $ 31,038  
  Intersegment
    101             238                         339  
Income
                                                       
  Income/(Loss) before income taxes
    1,844       210       293       33       (249 )     (61 )     2,070  
Total assets at March 31
    29,271       7,268       25,186       5,826                   67,551  
 
                                                       
FIRST QUARTER 2010
                                                       
Sales/Revenues
                                                       
External customer
  $ 14,132     $ 2,014     $ 7,647     $ 1,578     $     $ 3,523     $ 28,894  
Intersegment
    201             167                   11       379  
Income
                                                       
Income/(Loss) before income taxes
    1,253       203       107       23       (391 )     125       1,320  
  Total assets at March 31 *
                                                    81,956  
__________
*
Total assets by operating segment not available.
 
 
   
Financial Services Sector
   
Total Company
 
   
Operating Segments
   
Reconciling Items
                   
   
Ford
Credit
   
Other
Financial
Services
   
Special
Items
   
Elims
   
Total
   
Elims *
   
Total
 
FIRST QUARTER 2011
                                         
Sales/Revenues
                                         
External customer
  $ 1,995     $ 81     $     $     $ 2,076     $     $ 33,114  
Intersegment
    132       1                   133       (472 )      
Income
                                                       
Income/(Loss) before income taxes
    713       (7 )                 706             2,776  
Total assets at March 31
    101,775       8,874             (7,479 )     103,170       (3,330 )     167,391  
                                                         
FIRST QUARTER 2010
                                                       
Sales/Revenues
                                                       
External customer
  $ 2,594     $ 78     $     $     $ 2,672     $     $ 31,566  
Intersegment
    130       3                   133       (512 )      
Income
                                                       
Income/(Loss) before income taxes
    828       (13 )                 815             2,135  
Total assets at March 31
    115,555       8,558             (7,052 )     117,061       (7,049 )     191,968  
__________
*
Includes intersector transactions occurring in the ordinary course of business and deferred tax netting.
 
 
50

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 18.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Guarantees

At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the following guarantees and indemnifications were issued and outstanding:

Guarantees related to affiliates and third parties.  We guarantee debt and lease obligations of certain joint ventures, as well as certain financial obligations of outside third parties, including suppliers, to support our business and economic growth.  Expiration dates vary through 2017, and guarantees will terminate on payment and/or cancellation of the obligation.  A payment by us would be triggered by failure of the joint venture or other third party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee.  In some circumstances, we are entitled to recover from the third party amounts paid by us under the guarantee.  However, our ability to enforce these rights is sometimes stayed until the guaranteed party is paid in full, and may be limited in the event of insolvency of the third party or other circumstances.  The maximum potential payments under guarantees and the carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees were as follows (in millions):
 
   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Maximum potential payments
  $ 492     $ 500  
Carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees
    42       43  

Our performance risk under these guarantees is reviewed regularly, and has resulted in no changes to our initial valuations.

Indemnifications.  In the ordinary course of business, we execute contracts involving indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a business.  These indemnifications might include claims relating to any of the following: environmental, tax, and shareholder matters; intellectual property rights; power generation contracts; governmental regulations and employment-related matters; dealers, supplier, and other commercial contractual relationships; and financial matters, such as securitizations.  Performance under these indemnities generally would be triggered by a breach of terms of the contract or by a third-party claim.  We also are party to numerous indemnifications which do not limit potential payment; therefore, we are unable to estimate a maximum amount of potential future payments that could result from claims made under these indemnities.

Litigation and Claims

Various legal actions, proceedings and claims are pending or may be instituted or asserted against us.  These include but are not limited to matters arising out of alleged defects in our products; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions and fuel economy or other matters; government incentives; tax matters; financial services; employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; product warranties; environmental matters; shareholder or investor matters; and financial reporting matters.  Certain of the pending legal actions are, or purport to be, class actions.  Some of the matters involve or may involve compensatory, punitive, or antitrust or other treble damage claims in very large amounts, or demands for recall campaigns, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, loss of government incentives, assessments, or other relief, which, if granted, would require very large expenditures.

The extent of our financial exposure to these legal actions, proceedings and claims is difficult to estimate.  Many legal matters do not specify a dollar amount for damages, and many others specify only a jurisdictional minimum.  To the extent an amount is asserted, our historical experience suggests that in most instances the amount asserted is not a reliable indicator of the ultimate outcome.

In evaluating matters filed against us, we take into consideration factors such as the facts and circumstances asserted, our historical experience with claims of a similar nature, the likelihood of our prevailing and the severity of any potential loss.  For some matters, no accrual is established because we have determined our risk of loss to be remote.  For all other matters, we generally record an accrual, either on an individual basis or with respect to a group of matters involving similar claims, based on the factors set forth above.  We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time.

 
51

 
Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)
 
NOTE 18.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

There is one matter currently pending against us in which we believe a material loss is reasonably possible, but for which we have not established an accrual.  Specifically, administrative proceedings are pending against Ford Brazil relating to state tax incentives.  These incentives are being challenged by two states on the basis that the incentives granted by another state did not receive formal approval from the organization of Brazilian state treasury offices.  If we do not prevail at the administrative level, we plan to appeal to the state court, which likely would require posting of cash or other collateral up to the amount assessed.  Although we believe our position on the merits is correct, there is a reasonable possibility of an eventual loss of up to the amount assessed by the taxing authorities (about $500 million, including current interest and penalties).

With all matters, there exists a reasonable possibility that the ultimate outcome could be lower or higher than our accruals.  In aggregate, we do not believe that these reasonably possible outcomes in excess of our accruals would be material.

As noted, the litigation process is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual litigated matters is not predictable with assurance.  Our assessments, and therefore our accruals, are based on our knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any matter could require payment substantially in excess of the amount that we have accrued.

Warranty

Included in warranty cost accruals are the costs for basic warranty coverages on products sold.  These costs are estimates based primarily on historical warranty claim experience.  Warranty accruals accounted for in Accrued liabilities and deferred revenue were as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Beginning balance
  $ 2,646     $ 3,147  
Payments made during the period
    (507 )     (582 )
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period
    439       441  
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties
    140       95  
Foreign currency translation and other
    42       (35 )
Ending balance
  $ 2,760     $ 3,066  

Excluded from the table above are costs accrued for product recalls and customer satisfaction actions.


NOTE 19.  EQUITY/(DEFICIT) ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Components of equity/(deficit) attributable to Ford Motor Company and its noncontrolling interests are as follows (in millions):

   
First Quarter 2011
   
First Quarter 2010
 
   
Equity/(Deficit) Attributable to
Ford Motor Company
   
Equity/(Deficit) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
   
Total
Equity/
(Deficit)
   
Equity/(Deficit) Attributable to
Ford Motor Company
   
Equity/(Deficit) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
   
Total
Equity/
(Deficit)
 
Beginning balance, January 1
  $ (673 )   $ 31     $ (642 )   $ (7,820 )   $ 38     $ (7,782 )
Total comprehensive income/(loss)
                                               
Net income/(loss)
    2,551       5       2,556       2,085             2,085  
Other comprehensive income/(loss):
                                               
Foreign currency translation
    590       (2 )     588       (489 )           (489 )
Net gain/(loss) on derivative instruments
    117             117       (1 )           (1 )
Employee benefit-related
    (78 )           (78 )     157             157  
Net holding gain/(loss)
                      (2 )           (2 )
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
    629       (2 )     627       (335 )           (335 )
Total comprehensive income/(loss)
    3,180       3       3,183       1,750             1,750  
Other changes in equity:
                                               
Capital in excess of par value of stock for equity issuances, debt conversion, employee benefit plans, and other
    (80 )           (80 )     596             596  
Adoption of the accounting standard on VIE consolidation
                                   
Dividends
                                   
Other
    (1 )     5       4       (1 )           (1 )
Ending balance, March 31
  $ 2,426     $ 39     $ 2,465     $ (5,475 )   $ 38     $ (5,437 )

 
52

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Ford Motor Company:

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Ford Motor Company and its subsidiaries as of March 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010.  These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

The accompanying sector balance sheets and the related sector statements of operations and of cash flows are presented for purposes of additional analysis and are not a required part of the basic financial statements.  Such information has been subjected to the review procedures applied in the review of the basic financial statements.

We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters.  It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole.  Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders' equity, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 28, 2011, we expressed an unqualified opinion (with an explanatory paragraph relating to the change in method of accounting for variable interest entity consolidation in 2010) on those consolidated financial statements.  In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2010, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
 


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 
Detroit, Michigan
May 10, 2011
 
 
53

 
 
ITEM 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

FIRST QUARTER RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our worldwide net income attributable to Ford Motor Company was $2.6 billion or $0.61 per share of Common and Class B Stock in the first quarter of 2011, an improvement of $466 million from net income attributable to Ford Motor Company of $2.1 billion or $0.50 per share of Common and Class B Stock in the first quarter 2010.

Results by business sector are shown below (in millions):
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
Income/(Loss) before income taxes
                 
Automotive sector
  $ 2,070     $ 1,320     $ 750  
Financial Services sector
    706       815       (109 )
Total Company
    2,776       2,135       641  
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes
    220       50       170  
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
    2,556       2,085       471  
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
                 
Net income/(loss)
    2,556       2,085       471  
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
    5             5  
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company
  $ 2,551     $ 2,085     $ 466  

Income/(Loss) before income taxes includes certain items ("special items") that we have grouped into "Personnel and Dealer-Related Items" and "Other Items" to provide useful information to investors about the nature of the special items.  The first category includes items related to our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix and therefore helps investors track amounts related to those activities.  The second category includes items that we do not generally consider to be indicative of our ongoing operating activities, and therefore allows investors analyzing our pre-tax results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results.

As detailed in Note 17 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, we allocate all Automotive sector and Financial Services sector special items to a separate reconciling item, as opposed to allocating them among the operating segments and Other Automotive, reflecting the fact that management excludes these items from its review of operating segment results for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources among the segments.

The following table details special items in each category by sector (in millions):
 
   
First Quarter – Income/(Loss)
 
Personnel and Dealer-Related Items:
 
2011
   
2010
 
Automotive Sector
           
Personnel-reduction programs
  $ (22 )   $ (86 )
Mercury discontinuation/Other dealer actions
    (1 )     (15 )
Job Security Benefits/Other
    (1 )     38  
Total Personnel and Dealer-Related Items - Automotive sector
    (24 )     (63 )
Other Items:
               
Automotive Sector
               
Trust Preferred redemption
    (60 )      
Sale of Volvo and related items *
    6       188  
Foreign subsidiary liquidation – currency translation impact
    17        
Total Other Items – Automotive sector
    (37 )     188  
Total Automotive sector
  $ (61 )   $ 125  
__________
*
Beginning in 2010, because Volvo's results were no longer indicative of our ongoing operations, we categorized Volvo's revenue and corresponding wholesales, costs, and expenses as special items.  On August 2, 2010, we completed the sale of Volvo and related assets.  Gains or losses and other costs related to the sale also are included in "Sale of Volvo and related items."

Included in Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes are tax benefits of $0 and $199 million for the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, that we consider to be special items.  These primarily consist of the tax effects of the pre-tax special items listed above, the impact of changes in tax laws on deferred tax balances, and changes in our assessment of the need for a valuation allowance in each jurisdiction.
 
 
 
54

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Discussion of Automotive and Financial Services sector results of operations below is on a pre-tax basis, and total Automotive sector results and total Financial Services sector results include special items unless otherwise specifically noted.  As noted above, because special items for each sector are allocated to a separate reconciling item, results for individual operating segments within our Automotive and Financial Services sectors do not include special items.

AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR

Results of Operations

Details by segment or business unit of Income/(Loss) before income taxes are shown below for the first quarter of 2011 and 2010 (in millions):
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
Ford North America
  $ 1,844     $ 1,253     $ 591  
Ford South America
    210       203       7  
Ford Europe
    293       107       186  
Ford Asia Pacific Africa
    33       23       10  
Other Automotive *
    (249 )     (391 )     142  
Total Automotive Excluding Special Items
    2,131       1,195       936  
Special Items
    (61 )     125       (186 )
Total Automotive sector
  $ 2,070     $ 1,320     $ 750  
__________
*
For first quarter 2011, the loss of $249 million is explained by net interest expense of $185 million, which was comprised of $251 million of interest expense, offset partially by interest income, and $64 million of unfavorable fair market value adjustment, associated primarily with our investment in Mazda.

Details by segment of Automotive revenue ("sales"), wholesale unit volumes, and operating margins for the first quarter of 2011 and 2010 are shown below:
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
Sales (a)
(in billions)
   
Wholesales (b)
(in thousands)
   
Operating Margin (c)
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
Ford North America
  $ 17.9     $ 14.1     $ 3.8   27 %     615       547       68   12 %     10.3 %     8.9 %  
1.4 pts
 
Ford South America
    2.3       2.0       0.3   15       114       101       13   13       9.1       10.2     (1.1 )  
Ford Europe (d)
    8.7       7.7       1.0   14       432       416       16   4       3.4       1.4     2.0    
Ford Asia Pacific Africa (e)
    2.1       1.6       0.5   30       242       189       53   28       1.6       1.4     0.2    
  Total Automotive Excluding Special Items
  $ 31.0     $ 25.4     $ 5.6   22       1,403       1,253       150   12       7.7       6.2     1.5    
Special Items – Volvo
          3.5       (3.5 ) (100 )           92       (92 ) (100 )                        
    Total Automotive sector
  $ 31.0     $ 28.9     $ 2.1   7       1,403       1,345       58   4                          
__________
(a)
2011 over/(under) 2010 sales percentages are computed using unrounded sales numbers.
(b)
Wholesale unit volumes include all Ford brand units (whether produced by Ford or by an unconsolidated affiliate), units manufactured by Ford that are sold to other manufacturers, units distributed for other manufacturers, and local-brand vehicles produced by our Chinese unconsolidated affiliate Jiangling Motors Corporation ("JMC").  Revenue from certain vehicles in wholesale unit volumes (specifically, Ford brand vehicles produced and distributed by our unconsolidated affiliates, as well as JMC brand vehicles) are not included in our revenue.  Vehicles sold to daily rental car companies that are subject to a guaranteed repurchase option, as well as other sales of finished vehicles for which the recognition of revenue is deferred (e.g., consignments), also are included in wholesale unit volumes.
(c)
Automotive operating margin defined as Automotive pre-tax operating profit, excluding Other Automotive, divided by Automotive revenue.
(d)
Included in wholesale unit volumes are Ford brand vehicles sold in Turkey by our unconsolidated affiliate, Ford Otosan, totaling about 17,000 and 10,000 units in the first quarters of 2011 and 2010, respectively.  "Sales" above do not include revenue from those units.
(e)
Included in wholesale unit volumes of Ford Asia Pacific Africa are Ford brand and JMC brand vehicles sold in China by our unconsolidated affiliates totaling about 140,000 and 118,000 units in the first quarters of 2011 and 2010, respectively.  "Sales" above does not include revenue from these units.
 
We are investing for future growth and are focused on developing outstanding products with segment-leading quality, safety, fuel economy, and technology.  We are adding capacity in emerging economies to increase dramatically our participation, while investing to build the strength of our brand around the world.  While these actions and investments are increasing costs, in line with our plan, they also are driving higher volumes, more favorable mix, and more favorable transaction prices, which in turn are resulting in higher sales as shown in the table above.
 
 
 
55

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Details of Automotive sector market share for selected markets for the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, along with the level of dealer stocks as of March 312011 and 2010, are shown below:
 
       
Dealer-Owned Stocks (a)
 
   
Market Share
 
(in thousands)
 
Market
 
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
2011
   
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
United States (b)
    16.0 %     16.5 %     (0.5 )
pts.
    407       405       2  
South America (b) (c)
    9.5       10.6       (1.1 )       42       28       14  
Europe (b) (d)
    8.5       9.4       (0.9 )       226       187       39  
Asia Pacific Africa (e)
    2.4       2.0       0.4         94       59       35  
_________
(a)
Dealer-owned stocks represent our estimate of vehicles shipped to our customers (dealers) and not yet sold by the dealers to their retail customers.
(b)
Includes only Ford and, in certain markets (primarily United States), Lincoln and Mercury brands.
(c)
South America market share and dealer-owned stocks are based on our six major markets (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela); market share represents, in part, estimated vehicle registrations.
(d)
Europe market share and dealer-owned stocks are based on the 19 European markets we track (described in "Item 1. Business" of our 2010 Form 10-K Report).
(e)
Asia Pacific Africa market share and dealer-owned stocks are based on our 12 major markets (Australia, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), including JMC-brand vehicles sold in China by our unconsolidated affiliates; market share represents, in part, estimated vehicle sales; dealer-owned stocks include units distributed for other manufacturers.

In the United States, the decrease in market share primarily reflects lower retail share as we have maintained our disciplined approach to incentive spending in the face of substantial increases from some competitors.  In South America, the decrease in market share primarily reflects lower share in Brazil mainly due to the non-repeat of our strong performance last year when we were well-positioned to take advantage of temporary customer tax incentives offered by the government to stimulate industry sales.  In Europe, the decrease in market share reflects the absence in this year of the favorable impact that scrappage programs had on our share in 2010, as well as our decision to reduce selectively our participation in low-margin business.  In Asia Pacific Africa, the increase in market share primarily is due to the success of Figo in India and Fiesta in ASEAN markets.
 
In general, we measure year-over-year change in Automotive pre-tax operating profit for our total Automotive sector (excluding special items) and reportable segments using the causal factors listed below, with cost and revenue variances calculated at present-year volume and mix and exchange:

Volume and mix:  Primarily measures the profit variance from changes in wholesale volumes (at prior-year average margin per unit) driven by changes in industry volume, market share, and dealer stocks, as well as the profit variance resulting from changes in product mix, including mix among vehicle lines and mix of trim levels and options within a vehicle line.
Net pricing:  Primarily measures the profit variance driven by changes in wholesale prices to dealers and marketing incentive programs such as rebate programs, low-rate financing offers, and special lease offers.
Contribution costs:  Primarily measures the profit variance driven by cost categories that typically vary with volume, such as material costs, warranty expense, and freight and duty costs.
Other costs:  Primarily measures the profit variance driven by cost categories that typically do not have a directly proportionate relationship to production volume – mainly structural costs, such as labor costs including pension and health care ("manufacturing and engineering" and "pension/OPEB"), other costs related to the development and manufacture of our vehicles ("overhead"), amortization and depreciation ("spending-related"), and advertising and sales promotions.
Exchange:  Primarily measures the profit variance driven by one or more of the following:  (i) the impact of gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the locations, (ii) the effect of remeasuring assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries using U.S. dollars as the functional currency, or (iii) the results of our foreign currency hedging activities.
Net interest and other:  Primarily measures the profit variance driven by changes in our Automotive sector's centrally-managed net interest expense and related fair value market adjustments in our investment portfolio and marketable securities.
 
 
 
56

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Total costs and expenses for our Automotive sector for first quarter 2011 and 2010 was $28.9 billion and $27.4 billion, respectively, a difference of $1.5 billion.  An explanation of the first quarter 2011 change is shown below (in billions):

   
2011
(Over)/Under
2010
 
Explanation of Change:
     
  Volume and Mix, Exchange, and Other
  $ (3.9 )
  Contribution Costs (a)
       
      Commodity Costs
    (0.3 )
      Material Costs Excluding Commodity Costs
    (0.3 )
      Warranty / Freight
    (0.1 )
  Other Costs (a)
       
      Structural Costs
    (0.4 )
      Other
    0.1  
  Special Items (b)
    3.4  
        Total
  $ (1.5 )

(a)
Our key cost change elements are measured primarily at present-year exchange; in addition, costs that vary directly with volume, such as material, freight and warranty costs, are measured at present-year volume and mix.  Excludes special items.
(b)
Special items primarily reflect the non-recurrence of Volvo costs and expenses in 2011.
 
 
Total Automotive Excluding Special Items.  The chart below details the change in first quarter 2011 Automotive pre-tax operating profit compared with first quarter 2010 by causal factor (in billions):
 
Graphic
 
Our Automotive sector is benefiting from growth in both volume and per-unit net revenue.  This revenue growth, along with scale benefits from increasing volume, are driving improvements in profitability and operating margin, despite higher commodity costs and planned cost increases associated with the investments we are making in our products, brand, and future growth.  The profitability improvement also reflects our improved balance sheet with lower net interest expense.

Total Automotive pre-tax operating profit in the first quarter was $2.1 billion, an increase of $936 million from first quarter 2010.  The increase is explained by favorable volume and mix and favorable net pricing that more than offset higher contribution costs.  The higher contribution costs were driven by higher commodity costs and material excluding commodities (primarily added content, technology and features for our new products).  Other costs, primarily structural, also increased.  This increase reflects the impact of new product launches, investment in future growth, and higher volumes.
 
 
57

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Ford North America Segment.  The chart below details the change in first quarter 2011 North America Automotive pre-tax operating profit compared with first quarter 2010 by causal factor (in billions):
 
Graphic
 
In the first quarter, North America reported a pre-tax operating profit of $1.8 billion, compared with a profit of $1.2 billion a year ago. The increase reflects favorable volume and mix and favorable net pricing. These were offset partially by higher contribution costs, primarily material costs to support new products, as well as increases for commodities, warranty, and freight and duty. Other costs, primarily structural, to support higher volumes and new product launches, also increased.

Ford South America Segment. The chart below details the change in first quarter 2011 South America Automotive pre-tax operating profit compared with first quarter 2010 by causal factor (in millions):
 
Graphic
 
In the first quarter, South America reported a pre-tax operating profit of $210 million, compared with a profit of $203 million a year ago. The increase reflects favorable net pricing and volume and mix, offset largely by higher costs and unfavorable exchange.
 
 
58

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Ford Europe Segment.  The chart below details the change in first quarter 2011 Europe Automotive pre-tax operating profit compared with first quarter 2010 by causal factor (in millions):
 
Graphic
 
In the first quarter, Europe reported a pre-tax operating profit of $293 million, compared with a profit of $107 million a year ago.  The increase was more than explained by favorable net pricing, favorable volume and mix, favorable exchange and higher subsidiary profits.

Ford Asia Pacific Africa Segment.  The chart below details the change in first quarter 2011 Asia Pacific Africa Automotive pre-tax operating profit compared with first quarter 2010 by causal factor (in millions):
 
Graphic
 
In the first quarter, Asia Pacific Africa reported a pre-tax operating profit of $33 million, compared with a profit of $23 million a year ago.  The increase is more than explained by lower contribution costs.
 
 
 
59

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Other Automotive.  The first quarter Other Automotive loss was $249 million, compared with a loss of $391 million in first quarter 2010.  This improvement primarily reflects lower net interest expense, offset partially by unfavorable changes in fair market value adjustments related primarily to our investment in Mazda.

FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR

Results of Operations

Details of the Financial Services sector Revenues and Income/(Loss) before income taxes for the first quarter of 2011 and 2010 are shown below:

   
First Quarter
 
   
Revenues
(in billions)
   
Income/(Loss) Before Income Taxes
(in millions)
 
   
 
2011
   
 
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
   
 
2011
   
 
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
                                     
Ford Credit
  $ 2.0     $ 2.6     $ (0.6 )   $ 713     $ 828     $ (115 )
Other Financial Services
    0.1       0.1       0.0       (7 )     (13 )     6  
Total
  $ 2.1     $ 2.7     $ (0.6 )   $ 706     $ 815     $ (109 )


Ford Credit.  The chart below details the change in first quarter 2011 Ford Credit pre-tax operating profit compared with first quarter 2010 by causal factor (in millions):
 
Graphic
 
The decrease in pre-tax earnings primarily reflects lower market valuation adjustments to derivatives (included in Other in the chart above), lower receivables volume and unfavorable residual performance reflecting the non-recurrence of lower lease depreciation expense related to lower gains as fewer leases terminated and the vehicles were sold.  These factors were offset partially by higher financing margin primarily attributable to lower borrowing costs, lower operating costs and a lower provision for credit losses primarily due to improved charge-off performance.
 
 
 
60

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Ford Credit's finance receivables and operating leases are shown below (in billions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
Receivables – On-Balance Sheet
                 
Finance receivables
                 
Consumer
                 
  Retail installment and direct financing leases                                                                                                
  $ 49.4     $ 49.7     $ (0.3 )
Non-Consumer
                       
  Wholesale                                                                                                
    24.0       22.0       2.0  
  Dealer Loan and other                                                                                                
    2.4       2.3       0.1  
Unearned interest supplements                                                                                                
    (1.9 )     (1.9 )     -  
Allowance for credit losses                                                                                                
    (0.7 )     (0.8 )     0.1  
Finance receivables, net                                                                                              
    73.2       71.3       1.9  
Net investment in operating leases                                                                                                   
    10.0       10.0       -  
Total receivables – on-balance sheet (a)(b)
  $ 83.2     $ 81.3     $ 1.9  
                         
Memo:
                       
Total receivables – managed (c)
  $ 85.1     $ 83.2     $ 1.9  
__________
(a)
At March 312011 and December 31, 2010, includes consumer receivables before allowance for credit losses of $35 billion and $35.8 billion, respectively, and non-consumer receivables before allowance for credit losses of $19.6 billion and $18.7 billion, respectively, that have been sold for legal purposes in securitization transactions, but continue to be included in Ford Credit's financial statements.  In addition, at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, includes net investment in operating leases before allowance for credit losses of $5.4 billion and $6.2 billion, respectively, that have been included in securitization transactions, but continue to be included in Ford Credit's financial statements.  These underlying securitized assets are available only for payment of the debt and other obligations issued or arising in the securitization transactions; they are not available to pay Ford Credit's other obligations or the claims of its other creditors.  Ford Credit holds the right to the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt and other obligations issued or arising in each of these securitization transactions.  See Note 11 of the Notes to the Financial Statements for more information regarding securitization transactions.
(b)
Includes allowance for credit losses of $744 million and $854 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(c)
Includes on-balance sheet receivables, excluding unearned interest supplements related to finance receivables of $1.9 billion at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

The increase in receivables from year-end 2010 primarily reflects changes in currency exchange rates.  At March 31, 2011, the Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda and Volvo financing portfolio represented about 3% of Ford Credit's managed receivables.  In addition, the Mercury financing portfolio represented about 2% of Ford Credit's managed receivables at March 31, 2011.  The percentages for each of these brands will decline over time.

The following table shows Ford Credit's worldwide charge-offs (credit losses net of recoveries) for the various categories of financing during the periods indicated.  The loss-to-receivables ratios, which equal charge-offs on an annualized basis divided by the average amount of receivables outstanding for the period, excluding the allowance for credit losses and unearned interest supplements related to finance receivables:

   
First Quarter
 
   
 2011
   
2010
   
2011 Over/(Under)
2010
 
On-Balance Sheet
                 
Charge-offs (in millions)
  $ 55     $ 133     $ (78)  
Loss-to-receivables ratio
    0.27 %     0.58 %  
    (0.31) pts.
 
                         

The decrease from a year ago in charge-offs and loss-to-receivables ratios primarily reflects lower losses in the United States and Europe.  The decrease in charge-offs in the United States primarily reflects lower repossessions and lower severity.  The decrease in Europe primarily reflects lower losses in Spain and Italy.

 
 
61

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Shown below is Ford Credit's allowance for credit losses and its allowance for credit losses as a percentage of end-of-period receivables (finance receivables, excluding unearned interest supplements, and net investment in operating leases, excluding the allowance for credit losses) for its on-balance sheet portfolio:

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
   
2011
Over/(Under)
2010
 
                   
Allowance for credit losses (in millions)
  $ 744     $ 854     $ (110)  
Allowance as a percentage of end-of-period receivables
    0.87 %     1.02 %  
       (0.15) pts.
 

The allowance for credit losses is estimated using a combination of models and management judgment, and is based on such factors as portfolio quality, historical loss performance, and receivable levels.  The decrease in Ford Credit's allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2010, primarily reflects its decrease in charge-offs.

In purchasing retail finance and lease contracts, Ford Credit uses a proprietary scoring system that classifies contracts using several factors, such as credit bureau information, credit bureau scores (e.g., FICO score), customer characteristics, and contract characteristics.  In addition to Ford Credit's proprietary scoring system, it considers other factors, such as employment history, financial stability, and capacity to pay.  At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, Ford Credit classified between 5% - 6% of its outstanding U.S. retail finance and lease contracts in its serviced portfolio as high risk at contract inception. 

Residual Risk

Ford Credit is exposed to residual risk on operating leases and similar balloon payment products where the customer may return the financed vehicle to Ford Credit.  Residual risk is the possibility that the amount Ford Credit obtains from returned vehicles will be less than its estimate of the expected residual value for the vehicle.  Ford Credit estimates the expected residual value by evaluating recent auction values, return volumes for its leased vehicles, industry-wide used vehicle prices, marketing incentive plans, and vehicle quality data.

North America Retail Operating Lease Experience

Ford Credit uses various statistics to monitor its residual risk:
 
 
 ●
Placement volume: Measures the number of leases Ford Credit purchases in a given period.
 
 ●
Termination volume: Measures the number of vehicles for which the lease has ended in the given period.
 
 ●
Return volume: Reflects the number of vehicles returned to Ford Credit by customers at lease-end.
 
The following table shows operating lease placement, termination, and return volumes for Ford Credit's North America operations, which accounted for about 97% of its total investment in operating leases at March 31, 2011 (in thousands, except for percentages):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Placements
    51       29  
Terminations
    73       97  
Returns
    46       72  
                 
Memo:
               
Return rates
    63 %     74 %

The increase in placement volumes primarily reflects higher industry sales, and changes in our marketing programs.  The decrease in termination volumes primarily reflects lower placement volumes in 2009.  The decrease in return volumes primarily reflects lower terminations and lower return rates, consistent with improved auction values relative to Ford Credit's expectations of lease-end values at the time of contract purchase.
 
 
 
62

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
U.S. Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury Brand Retail Operating Lease Experience

The following table shows return volumes for Ford Credit's Ford, Lincoln and Mercury brand U.S. operating lease portfolio.  Also included are auction values at constant first quarter 2011 vehicle mix for lease terms comprising 57% of Ford Credit's Ford, Lincoln and Mercury brand U.S. operating lease returns (in thousands, except for percentages):
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Returns
           
24-Month term
    -       16  
36-Month term
    17       19  
39-Month term
    13       9  
Total returns
    30       44  
                 
Memo:
               
Return rates
    62 %     71 %
                 
Auction Values at Constant First Quarter 2011 Vehicle Mix
               
36-Month term
    15,910       14,770  

In first quarter 2011, Ford, Lincoln and Mercury brand U.S. return volumes were lower compared with the same period a year ago, primarily reflecting lower termination volume and a lower return rate consistent with improved auction values relative to Ford Credit's expectations of lease-end values at the time of contract purchase.  The increase in auction values at constant first quarter 2011 mix primarily reflects the overall auction value improvement in the used vehicle market.

Recent lease placement trends have resulted in a much lower mix of 24-month contracts within Ford Credit's return volume.  Scheduled termination volume for vehicles under 24-month contracts is near zero for all of 2011, but the mix of 24-month contracts is expected to increase in 2012 to the level seen in 2010.

 
 
63

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Automotive Sector

Our industry was impacted heavily by the global economic crisis that began in 2008, which included a sudden and substantial decline in global industry sales volume.  The dramatic decline in industry sales volume, combined with tight credit markets and other economic factors and the costs associated with transforming our business, put significant pressure on our Automotive liquidity.  While the economic environment has improved, recoveries in key markets have been modest due to weak labor markets and tight credit.  We believe that our continued focus on delivering on our One Ford plan is the right strategy to achieve our objectives.  Our Automotive liquidity strategy includes ensuring that we have sufficient liquidity available with a high degree of certainty throughout the business cycle by generating cash from operations and maintaining access to other sources of funding.

For a discussion of risks to our liquidity, see "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2010 Form 10-K Report, as well as Note 18 of the Notes to the Financial Statements herein regarding commitments and contingencies that could impact our liquidity.

Gross Cash.  Automotive gross cash includes cash and cash equivalents and net marketable securities.  Gross cash is detailed below as of the dates shown (in billions):

   
March 31,
 2011
   
December 31,
 2010
   
March 31,
 2010
   
December 31,
 2009
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 12.6     $ 6.3     $ 12.8     $ 9.7  
Marketable securities (a)
    8.8       14.2       12.5       15.2  
Total cash, marketable securities and loaned securities
    21.4       20.5       25.3       24.9  
Securities-in-transit (b)
    (0.1 )                  
Gross cash
  $ 21.3     $ 20.5     $ 25.3     $ 24.9  
__________
(a)
Included in 2011 are Ford Credit debt securities that we purchased, which are reflected in the table at a carrying value of $201 million, the estimated fair value of which is $203 million.  Also included are Mazda marketable securities with a fair value of $138 million.  For similar data points for the other periods listed here, see our prior-period financial reports.
(b)
The purchase or sale of marketable securities for which the cash settlement was not made by period-end and for which there was a payable or receivable recorded on the balance sheet at period-end.

Our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are held primarily in highly liquid investments, which provide for anticipated and unanticipated cash needs.  Our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities primarily include U.S. Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, bank time deposits with investment-grade institutions, corporate investment-grade securities, A-1/P-1 (or higher) rated commercial paper, and debt obligations of certain foreign governments, foreign governmental agencies and supranational institutions.  The average maturity of these investments ranges from 90 days to up to one year and is adjusted based on market conditions and liquidity needs.  We monitor our cash levels and average maturity on a daily basis.

In managing our business, we classify changes in Automotive gross cash into operating-related and other items (which includes the impact of certain special items, contributions to funded pension plans, certain tax-related transactions, acquisitions and divestitures, capital transactions with the Financial Services sector, dividends paid to shareholders, and other – primarily financing-related).  Our key liquidity metrics are operating-related cash flow, which best represents the ability of our Automotive operations to generate cash, Automotive gross cash and Automotive liquidity, summarized below (in billions):
   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Gross cash
  $ 21.3     $ 20.5  
Available credit lines:
               
Secured credit facility, unutilized portion
    8.6       6.9  
Local lines available to foreign affiliates, unutilized portion
    0.8       0.5  
Automotive liquidity
  $ 30.7     $ 27.9  

We believe the cash flow analysis reflected in the table below is useful to investors because it includes in operating-related cash flow elements that we consider to be related to our Automotive operating activities (e.g., capital spending) and excludes cash flow elements that we do not consider to be related to the ability of our operations to generate cash.  This differs from a cash flow statement presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and differs from Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure.
 
 
 
64

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Changes in Automotive gross cash are summarized below (in billions):
 
   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010 (a)
 
Gross cash at end of period
  $ 21.3     $ 25.3  
Gross cash at beginning of period
    20.5       24.9  
Total change in gross cash
  $ 0.8     $ 0.4  
                 
Automotive income/(loss) before income taxes (excluding special items)
  $ 2.1     $ 1.2  
Capital expenditures
    (0.9 )     (0.9 )
Depreciation and special tools amortization
    0.9       0.9  
Changes in receivables, inventory and trade payables
    1.5       (0.4 )
Other / timing differences (b)
    (1.3 )     (0.6 )
Subvention payments to Ford Credit (c)
    (0.1 )     (0.3 )
Total operating-related cash flows
    2.2       (0.1 )
                 
Cash impact of personnel-reduction programs accrual
          (0.1 )
Net receipts from Financial Services sector (d)
    1.3       0.5  
Other
    0.1       (0.6 )
     Cash flow before other actions
    3.6       (0.3 )
                 
Net proceeds from/(Payments on) Automotive sector debt
    (2.5 )     0.5  
Contributions to funded pension plans
    (0.3 )     (0.3 )
Equity issuances, net
          0.5  
     Total change in gross cash
  $ 0.8     $ 0.4  
 
__________
(a)
Except as noted, Volvo's 2010 cash flows are excluded from each line item of this table and included in Other.
(b)
Primarily expense and payment timing differences for items such as pension and OPEB, compensation, marketing, and warranty, as well as additional factors such as the impact of tax payments.
(c)
Beginning in 2008, Ford began paying all interest-rate subvention and residual value support to Ford Credit at the time of origination of new contracts.  Cash flows represented here reflect Ford's monthly support payments on contracts existing prior to 2008.
(d)
Primarily distributions received from Ford Credit, excluding proceeds from Financial Services sector divestitures paid to the Automotive sector.
   
Included within operating-related cash flows are cash flows related to changes in our working capital balances (i.e., trade receivables, trade payables, and inventories), and receivables and payables between the Automotive and Financial Services sectors associated primarily with the Automotive sector's vehicle wholesales.  These cash flows generally are subject to seasonal timing differences.  For example, we typically experience cash flow timing differences associated with inventories due to our annual December shutdown period, when inventories usually are at the lowest level of the year.  This drawdown of inventories creates significant cash inflows during the fourth quarter.  As production resumes in January, we replenish our inventory stocks and generally experience resulting cash outflows, reflected in "Changes in receivables, inventory and trade payables" in the table above.  This same shutdown period generally results in lower trade payables balances and associated cash outflows in the fourth quarter due to lower production levels in the last weeks of the year.
 
 
 
65

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Shown below is a reconciliation between financial statement Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations and operating-related cash flows (calculated as shown in the table above), for the first quarter of 2011 and 2010 (in billions):

   
First Quarter
 
   
2011
   
2010 (a)
 
Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations (b) (c)
  $ 3.0     $  
Items included in operating-related cash flows
               
Capital expenditures
    (0.9 )     (0.9 )
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options
    0.1       0.1  
Net cash flows from non-designated derivatives
          (0.1 )
Items not included in operating-related cash flows
               
Cash impact of personnel-reduction programs and Job Security Benefits/Transition Assistance Plan accrual
          0.1  
Contributions to funded pension plans
    0.3       0.3  
Tax refunds, tax payments, and tax receipts from affiliates
    (0.4 )      
Other (b)
    0.1       0.4  
Operating-related cash flows
  $ 2.2     $ (0.1 )
__________
(a)
Except as noted (see footnote (b) below), 2010 data exclude Volvo.
(b)
2010 includes Volvo.
(c)
2010 is adjusted to reflect the reallocation of amounts previously displayed in "Net change in intersector receivables/payables and other liabilities" on our sector statement of cash flows.  These amounts are being reallocated from a single line item to the individual cash flow line items within operating, investing, and financing activities of continuing operations on our sector statement of cash flows.

Secured Credit Agreement.  At March 31, 2011, commitments under the revolving credit facility of our Credit Agreement totaled $9.8 billion, with $886 million maturing on December 15, 2011 and $8.9 billion maturing on November 30, 2013.  During the first quarter of 2011, we increased our revolving credit facility maturing in 2013 by $1.7 billion.  At March 31, 2011, the utilized portion of the revolving credit facility was about $1.2 billion (including $355 million of letters of credit).  Also at March 31, 2011, term loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement totaled $4.1 billion. As a result of the $1.7 billion increase in our revolving credit facility, the collateral coverage ratio at March 31, 2011 (assuming the facility was fully drawn) decreased to 1.63 to 1, from 1.82 to 1 at December 31, 2010.

Other Automotive Credit Facilities.  At March 31, 2011, we had $943 million of local credit facilities to foreign Automotive affiliates, of which $140 million has been utilized.  Of the $943 million of committed credit facilities, $127 million expires in 2011, $170 million expires in 2013, $246 million expires in 2014 and $400 million expires in 2015.

Net Cash/(Debt).  Our Automotive sector net cash/(debt) calculation is detailed below (in billions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Gross cash
  $ 21.3     $ 20.5  
Less:
               
Long-term debt
    14.6       17.1  
Debt payable within one year
    2.0       2.0  
Total debt
    16.6       19.1  
Net cash/(debt)
  $ 4.7     $ 1.4  

Total debt at March 31, 2011 decreased by $2.5 billion from December 31, 2010, reflecting the redemption of our Trust Preferred Securities described below, offset partially by an increase in low-cost government loans to support advanced technology vehicle development.

See Note 11 of the Notes to the Financial Statements for our debt maturity table as of March 31, 2011 and additional debt disclosures.

Debt Reduction Actions.  On March 15, 2011, all of the outstanding Trust Preferred Securities of our subsidiary trust, Trust II, were redeemed for cash at a redemption price of $50.33 per $50 liquidation value as a result of the redemption of our Subordinated Convertible Debentures that were held by Trust II.  This resulted in a reduction of our debt of about $3 billion.

Liquidity Sufficiency.  One of the four key priorities of our business plan is to finance our plan and strengthen our balance sheet, while at the same time having resources available to grow our business.  The actions described above are consistent with this priority.  Based on our planning assumptions, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to continue to invest in new products that customers want and value, grow our business, pay our debts and obligations as and when they come due, and provide a cushion within an uncertain global economic environment.  We will continue to look for opportunities to strengthen our balance sheet, primarily by working to ensure our underlying business generates positive Automotive operating-related cash flow that can be used to reduce debt even as we continue to invest in the growth of our business.
 
 
 
66

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Financial Services Sector

Ford Credit

Debt.  At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit's debt was $82.9 billion, equal to year-end 2010.  At March 31, 2011, unsecured long-term debt (including notes payable within one year) was down about $2 billion from year-end 2010, primarily reflecting about $4 billion of debt maturities, repurchases, and calls, offset partially by about $2 billion of new unsecured long-term debt issuance.  Remaining unsecured long-term debt maturities were as follows: 2011 — $6 billion; 2012 — $7 billion; 2013 — $5 billion; and the remainder thereafter.

Funding Strategy.  Ford Credit's funding strategy is to have sufficient liquidity to enable it to profitably support us, our dealers and customers in all economic environments.  Ford Credit maintains a substantial cash balance, committed funding capacity, and access to diverse funding sources, and it also manages interest rate and currency risks.  Although its credit rating and rating outlook have been upgraded this year, Ford Credit remains below investment grade levels.  As a result, securitization continues to represent a substantial portion of its funding mix as this market remains more cost effective than unsecured funding and allows access to a wider investor base.  Ford Credit expects its unsecured funding mix to increase as it is able to source term funding from the unsecured markets on increasingly favorable terms.  Ford Credit continued to diversify its funding sources with the successful launch of its new Ford Upgrade Exchange Linked ("FUEL") Notes program in April 2011, discussed below.  In addition, Ford Credit has various alternative business arrangements for select products and markets that reduce its funding requirements while allowing it to support Ford (e.g., Ford Credit's partnering in Brazil for retail financing and FCE’s partnering with various institutions in Europe for full service leasing and retail and wholesale financing).

Ford Credit's funding plan is subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond its control, including disruption in the capital markets for the types of asset-backed securities used in its asset-backed funding and the effects of regulatory reform efforts on the financial markets.  Potential impacts of industry events and regulation on its ability to access debt and derivatives markets, or renew its committed liquidity programs in sufficient amounts and at competitive rates, represent another risk to Ford Credit's funding plan.  As a result of such events or regulation, Ford Credit may need to reduce new originations thereby reducing its ongoing profits and adversely affecting its ability to support the sale of Ford vehicles.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Act") was enacted July 21, 2010 to reform practices in the financial services industries, including automotive financing and securitization of automotive finance receivables.  Since its enactment, the Act has briefly interrupted the securitization market on several occasions.  Each time, temporary or indefinite regulatory clarifications have reopened the markets.  The Act is subject to significant rulemaking, and we cannot predict the impact of the Act and the resulting regulations on our business until such rulemaking is complete.

Through May 6, 2011, Ford Credit completed about $9 billion of public and private securitization funding globally across all asset classes.  Ford Credit also completed about $3 billion of unsecured funding in the United States and Canada.  Ford Credit extended the term of its funding by issuing unsecured debt at tenors up to 10 years and completing the FUEL transaction.  Ford Credit's credit spreads improved significantly compared to 2010 levels reflecting improved credit profiles of Ford and Ford Credit, strong investor demand for its debt transactions and supportive markets.

At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit had committed capacity totaling $33.6 billion, about equal to 2010 year-end levels.  Ford Credit renewed about $1.3 billion of committed capacity in the first quarter of 2011.  Ford Credit's renewal strategy is to protect its global funding needs and optimize capacity.  Most of its asset-backed committed facilities enable it to obtain term funding up to the time that the facilities mature.  Any outstanding debt at the maturity of the facilities remains outstanding and is repaid as underlying assets liquidate.  Ford Credit's ability to obtain funding under its committed asset-backed liquidity programs is subject to having a sufficient amount of assets eligible for these programs, and for certain programs, having the ability to obtain derivatives to manage the interest rate risk.
 
 
 
67

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Government-Sponsored Securitization Funding Programs

U.S. Federal Reserve's Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility ("TALF").  TALF began in March 2009 to make credit available by restoring liquidity in the asset-backed securitization market.  TALF expired in March 2010.  At March 31, 2011, the outstanding balance of Ford Credit's asset-backed securities that were TALF-eligible at issuance was $7.1 billion, compared with $7.7 billion at December 31, 2010 reflecting the amortization of about $600 million in the first quarter of 2011.  The outstanding balance of Ford Credit's asset-backed securities that were TALF-eligible at issuance will decline to zero over time as the debt continues to amortize and no new securities are issued.

Funding Plan.  The following table illustrates Ford Credit's public and private term funding issuances in 2010 and through May 6, 2011 and its planned issuances for 2011 (in billions):
   
2011
       
   
Full Year
Forecast
   
Through
May 6
   
Actual
2010
 
Public Term Funding
                 
Unsecured
  $ 7 – 9     $ 3     $ 6  
Securitization transactions (a)
    11 – 14       4       11  
Total public term funding
  $ 18 – 22     $ 7     $ 17  
                         
Private Term Funding (b)
  $ 8 – 1     $ 5     $ 8  
__________
(a)
Includes FUEL Notes in 2011.
(b)
Includes private term debt, securitization transactions, and other term funding; excludes sales to Ford Credit's on-balance sheet commercial paper program.
 
Through May 6, 2011, Ford Credit completed about $7 billion of public term funding transactions in the United States and Canada, including: about $3 billion of retail asset-backed securitization transactions; about $1 billion of wholesale asset-backed securitization transactions; and about $3 billion of unsecured issuances.

Through May 6, 2011, Ford Credit completed about $5 billion of private term funding transactions (excluding Ford Credit's on-balance sheet asset-backed commercial paper program) across all regions and asset classes, including its first wholesale securitization transaction in Mexico.

The public retail securitization transactions completed to date include $1.5 billion from the initial offering under Ford Credit's FUEL Notes program.  These are 5-year notes backed by automotive retail finance receivables.  The FUEL notes will be mandatorily exchanged for Ford Credit unsecured notes having the same maturity and interest rate upon Ford Credit's senior unsecured debt receiving two investment grade credit ratings among Fitch, Moody's and S&P.  After the mandatory exchange, Ford Credit expects to reacquire the assets supporting the FUEL notes.

Liquidity.  The following table illustrates the various sources of Ford Credit's liquidity as of the dates shown (in billions):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
 2010
 
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (a)
  $ 13.0     $ 14.6  
                 
Committed liquidity programs
    23.8       24.2  
Asset-backed commercial paper (b)
    8.7       9.0  
Credit facilities
    1.1       1.1  
Committed capacity
    33.6       34.3  
Committed capacity and cash
    46.6       48.9  
Less: Capacity in excess of eligible receivables
    (6.6 )     (6.3 )
Less: Cash and cash equivalents to support on-balance sheet securitization transactions
    (4.5 )     (4.2 )
Liquidity
    35.5       38.4  
Less: Utilization
    (17.3 )     (15.8 )
Liquidity available for use
  $ 18.2     $ 22.6  
__________
(a)  
Excludes marketable securities related to insurance activities.
(b)
Ford Credit's FCAR Owner Trust retails securitization program ("FCAR").

At March 31, 2011, committed capacity and cash shown above totaled $46.6 billion, of which $35.5 billion could be utilized (after adjusting for capacity in excess of eligible receivables of $6.6 billion and cash required to support on-balance sheet securitization transactions of $4.5 billion).  At March 31, 2011, $17.3 billion was utilized, leaving $18.2 billion available for use (including $8.5 billion of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, but excluding marketable securities related to insurance activities and cash and cash equivalents to support on-balance sheet securitization transactions).
 
 
 
68

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit's liquidity available for use was lower than year-end 2010 by about $4 billion, reflecting cash payments for debt maturities, repurchases and calls, distributions and tax payments that were lower than the liquidity generated from the impact of lower receivables, profits and new debt issuances.  Liquidity available for use was 21% of managed receivables.  In addition to the $18.2 billion of liquidity available for use, the $6.6 billion of capacity in excess of eligible receivables provides Ford Credit with an alternative for funding future purchases or originations and gives Ford Credit flexibility to shift capacity among markets and asset classes.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities.  At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit's cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (excluding marketable securities related to insurance activities) totaled $13 billion, compared with $14.6 billion at year-end 2010.  In the normal course of Ford Credit's funding activities, Ford Credit may generate more proceeds than are required for its immediate funding needs.  These excess amounts are maintained primarily as highly liquid investments, which provide liquidity for Ford Credit's short-term funding needs and give it flexibility in the use of its other funding programs.  Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (excluding marketable securities related to insurance activities) primarily include U.S. Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, bank time deposits, investment-grade corporate securities, A-1/P-1 (or higher) rated commercial paper, debt obligations of certain foreign governments, foreign government agencies, and supranational institutions and money market funds that carry the highest possible ratings.  The average maturity of these investments ranges from 90 days to up to one year and is adjusted based on market conditions and liquidity needs.  Ford Credit monitors its cash levels and average maturity on a daily basis.  Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities include amounts to be used only to support Ford Credit's on-balance sheet securitization transactions of $4.5 billion and $4.2 billion at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Ford Credit's substantial liquidity and cash balance have provided the opportunity to selectively call and repurchase its unsecured debt on the open market.  In the first quarter of 2011, Ford Credit called about $500 million of its unsecured debt maturities and repurchased about $200 million.

Committed Liquidity Programs.  Ford Credit and its subsidiaries, including FCE, have entered into agreements with a number of bank-sponsored asset-backed commercial paper conduits and other financial institutions whereby such parties are contractually committed, at Ford Credit's option, to purchase from Ford Credit eligible retail or wholesale assets or to purchase or make advances under asset-backed securities backed by retail, lease or wholesale assets for proceeds of up to $23.8 billion at March 31, 2011 ($12.9 billion retail, $9.1 billion wholesale and $1.8 billion supported by various retail, lease or wholesale assets) of which $7.9 billion are commitments to FCE.  These committed liquidity programs have varying maturity dates, with $19.1 billion having maturities within the next twelve months (of which $3.8 billion relates to FCE commitments), and the remaining balance having maturities between April 2011 and May 2015.  Ford Credit plans to achieve capacity renewals to protect its global funding needs, optimize capacity utilization and maintain sufficient liquidity.  Ford Credit's ability to obtain funding under these programs is subject to having a sufficient amount of assets eligible for these programs as well as its ability to obtain interest rate hedging arrangements for certain securitization transactions.  Ford Credit's capacity in excess of eligible receivables would protect it against the risk of lower than planned renewal rates.  At March 31, 2011, $9.9 billion of these commitments were in use.  These programs are free of material adverse change clauses, restrictive financial covenants (for example, debt-to-equity limitations and minimum net worth requirements), and credit rating triggers that could limit Ford Credit's ability to obtain funding.  However, the unused portion of these commitments may be terminated if the performance of the underlying assets deteriorates beyond specified levels.  Based on Ford Credit's experience and knowledge as servicer of the related assets, it does not expect any of these programs to be terminated due to such events.

Asset-Backed Commercial Paper.  At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit had $8.7 billion of contractually-committed liquidity facilities provided by banks to support its FCAR program, of which $4.5 billion expire in 2011, $92 million expire in 2012, and $4.1 billion expire in 2013.  Utilization of these facilities is subject to conditions specific to the FCAR program and Ford Credit having a sufficient amount of eligible assets for securitization.  The FCAR program must be supported by liquidity facilities equal to at least 100% of the outstanding balance.  At March 31, 2011, $8.7 billion of FCAR's bank liquidity facilities were available to support FCAR's asset-backed commercial paper, subordinated debt, or FCAR's purchase of Ford Credit's asset-backed securities.  At March 31, 2011, the outstanding commercial paper balance for the FCAR program was $6.8 billion.

Credit Facilities.  At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit and its majority-owned subsidiaries, including FCE, had $1.1 billion of contractually-committed unsecured credit facilities with financial institutions.  Ford Credit had $549 million available for use, of which $474 million expire in 2011 and $75 million expire in 2012.  Almost all of Ford Credit's contractually-committed unsecured credit facilities are FCE worldwide credit facilities and may be used, at FCE's option, by any of FCE's direct or indirect, majority-owned subsidiaries.  FCE will guarantee any such borrowings.  All of the worldwide credit facilities are free of material adverse change clauses, restrictive financial covenants, and credit rating triggers that could limit Ford Credit's ability to obtain funding.
 
 
 
69

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Leverage.  Ford Credit uses leverage, or the debt-to-equity ratio, to make various business decisions, including evaluating and establishing pricing for retail, wholesale, and lease financing, and assessing its capital structure.  Ford Credit refers to its shareholder's interest as equity.  Ford Credit calculates leverage on a financial statement basis and on a managed basis.

The following table illustrates the calculation of Ford Credit's financial statement leverage (in billions, except for ratios):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Total debt
  $ 82.9     $ 82.9  
Equity
    10.2       10.3  
Financial statement leverage (to 1)
    8.1       8.0  

The following table illustrates the calculation of Ford Credit's managed leverage (in billions, except for ratios):

   
March 31,
2011
   
December 31,
2010
 
Total debt
  $ 82.9     $ 82.9  
Adjustments for cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (a)
    (13.0 )     (14.6 )
Adjustments for derivative accounting (b)
    (0.2 )     (0.3 )
Total adjusted debt
  $ 69.7     $ 68.0  
                 
Equity
  $ 10.2     $ 10.3  
Adjustments for derivative accounting (b)
    (0.2 )     (0.1 )
Total adjusted equity
  $ 10.0     $ 10.2  
Managed leverage (to 1)
    7.0       6.7  
__________
(a)
Excludes marketable securities related to insurance activities.
(b)
Primarily related to market valuation adjustments to derivatives due to movements in interest rates.  Adjustments to debt are related to designated fair value hedges and adjustments to equity are related to retained earnings.
 
Ford Credit plans its managed leverage by considering prevailing market conditions and the risk characteristics of its business.  At March 31, 2011, Ford Credit's managed leverage was 7.0 to 1, compared with 6.7 to 1 at December 31, 2010.  Based on Ford Credit's analysis of the quality of its assets, it believes the appropriate leverage would be in the range of 10-11 to 1.  Longer term, Ford Credit expects to return its leverage to the appropriate level consistent with its analysis of the quality of the assets.  Ford Credit's managed leverage is significantly below the threshold of 11.5 to 1 set forth in the Amended and Restated Support Agreement with us.  In the first quarter of 2011, Ford Credit paid a $900 million distribution.
 
 
 
70

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Total Company

Equity/(Deficit).  At March 31, 2011, Total equity/(deficit) attributable to Ford Motor Company was $2.4 billion, an improvement of $3 billion compared with December 31, 2010.  The improvement is more than explained by favorable changes in Retained earnings (primarily related to first quarter 2011 net income attributable to Ford) and favorable changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (see Note 19 of the Notes to the Financial Statements for details of Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company), offset partially by unfavorable changes in Capital in excess of par value of stock (primarily due to share-based compensation programs).

Credit Ratings.  Our short-term and long-term debt is rated by four credit rating agencies designated as nationally recognized statistical rating agencies ("NRSROs") by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"):
 
 
 
DBRS Limited ("DBRS");
 
 
Fitch, Inc. ("Fitch");
 
 
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"); and
 
 
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("S&P").

In several markets, locally-recognized rating agencies also rate us.  A credit rating reflects an assessment by the rating agency of the credit risk associated with a corporate entity or particular securities issued by that entity.  Rating agencies' ratings of us are based on information provided by us and other sources.  Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities, and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.  Each rating agency may have different criteria for evaluating company risk and, therefore, ratings should be evaluated independently for each rating agency.  Lower credit ratings generally result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to capital markets.

The NRSROs have not taken any rating actions since the filing of our 2010 Form 10-K Report.

The following chart summarizes certain of the credit ratings and the outlook presently assigned to Ford and Ford Credit by these four NRSROs:
 
 
NRSRO RATINGS
 
Ford
Ford Credit
 
Issuer Default/
Corporate/
Issuer Rating
Long-Term
Senior
Unsecured
Senior
Secured
Outlook /
Trend
Long-Term
Senior
Unsecured
Short-Term
Unsecured
Outlook /
Trend
DBRS
BB (low)
B
BB (high)
Stable
BB
R-4
Stable
Fitch
BB
BB-
BBB-
Positive
BB-
B
Positive
Moody's
Ba2
Ba3
Baa3
Positive
Ba2
NP
Positive
S&P
BB-
B+
BB+
Positive
BB- *
NR
Positive
__________
*  S&P assigns FCE a long-term senior unsecured rating of BB, maintaining a one notch differential versus Ford Credit.


 
71

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
OUTLOOK

We are encouraged by our progress, and believe that our One Ford plan – to aggressively restructure our business to operate profitably, accelerate development of new products customers want and value, finance our plan and strengthen our balance sheet, and work together effectively as one team leveraging our global assets – provides the right strategy to achieve our objectives.  For additional discussion of the economic environment and discussion and assessment of the risks and opportunities to our planning assumptions, refer to "Item 1A. Risk Factors" and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview" in our 2010 Form 10-K Report, as well as the "Critical Accounting Estimates" discussion herein.

Our projected vehicle production is as follows (in thousands):

   
Second Quarter 2011
 
   
Planned Vehicle
Unit Production*
   
Over/(Under)
Second Quarter 2010
 
Ford North America
    710       57  
Ford South America
    130       (1 )
Ford Europe
    420       (31 )
Ford Asia Pacific Africa
    195       (13 )
Total
    1,455       12  
_________
*     Includes production of Ford and JMC brand vehicles to be sold by our unconsolidated affiliates.

Our planned production increase compared with second quarter 2010 reflects continued strong consumer demand for our products, and our best projection at this time of the impact in each region of events in Japan.  Although we have no production facilities in Japan, we do have suppliers in Japan with whom we have been working closely to assess production and shipping capabilities and minimize supply disruptions.  As we look beyond the first quarter, our Asia Pacific Africa operations are expected to continue to be affected to some degree by a shortage of components in the near term.  As previously disclosed, we do not expect the impact on our results to be material.  The situation in Japan remains fluid, however, with significant uncertainty regarding supplier resumption and production ramp-up.  Should the supply of key materials or components from Japan be disrupted and an alternate supply not available, we could have to reduce or temporarily cease production of vehicles in other regions.  We continue to monitor the situation closely.

We estimate that events in Japan will slow overall industrial output, with full recovery expected in 2012.  Rising oil and other commodity prices present a further challenge to economic growth, and the increase in fuel prices in the United States continues a shift in segmentation toward small cars.  We believe that we are well positioned to respond to this industry segmentation, with our complete line-up of more fuel-efficient small, medium and large, cars, utilities and trucks.

Within this environment, our planning assumptions and key metrics for 2011 include the following:

Industry Volume (a)
First Quarter 2011
2011 Full-Year Plan
2011 Full-Year Outlook
(million units)
     
  –United States
13.4
13.0 – 13.5
Unchanged
  –Europe (b)
15.9
14.5 – 15.5
Unchanged
       
Operational Metrics
     
Compared with prior year:
     
  –Quality
Mixed
Improve
Mixed
  –U.S. Market Share
16.0%
Equal / Improve
On Track
      –U.S. Retail Share of Retail Market (estimate)
13.6%
Equal / Improve
On Track
  –Europe Market Share (b)
  8.5%
Equal / Improve
On Track
       
Financial Metrics
     
Compared with prior year:
     
  –Total Company Pre-Tax Operating Profit (c)
$2.8 Billion
Improve
On Track
  –Automotive Structural Costs (d)
$400 Million Higher
Higher
About $2 Billion Higher
  –Commodity Costs
$300 Million Higher
Higher
About $2 Billion Higher
  –Automotive Operating Margin (c)
7.7%
Equal / Improve
On Track
  –Automotive Operating-Related Cash Flow (e)
$2.2 Billion
Improve
On Track
Absolute amount:
     
  –Capital Spending
$900 Million
$5 Billion$5.5 Billion
On Track
__________
(a)
Seasonally-adjusted annual rate; includes medium and heavy trucks.
(b)
For the 19 markets we track in Europe.
(c)
Excludes special items; Automotive operating margin defined as Automotive pre-tax results excluding special items and Other Automotive divided by Automotive revenue.
(d)
Structural cost changes are measured primarily at present-year exchange, and exclude special items and discontinued operations.
(e)
See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" discussion above for reconciliation of datapoints to U.S. GAAP.
 
 
 
72

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Our present guidance for North America and Europe full-year industry volumes is unchanged at this time, because despite encouraging first quarter 2011 industry volumes, significant uncertainty around events in Japan could have an impact on industry volumes in the coming months.

During the first quarter we experienced some near-term quality issues in North America that we are addressing, leading to our mixed overall quality outlook for the year.  We are on track to achieve quality improvements in our international operations.

Our projected increase in structural costs is consistent with supporting higher volumes in the short term and our plan to grow our business, strengthen our brand, and improve our products throughout our business planning period.  Although not shown in our metrics above, we expect structural costs as a percent of net revenue to improve compared with 2010.  Based on first quarter performance and our expectations for the full year, we expect full-year 2011 total Automotive and Ford North America operating margins to be equal to or improved from 2010.

As previously disclosed, we expect Ford Credit to be solidly profitable for the full year although at a lower level than 2010, primarily reflecting the non-recurrence of lower lease depreciation expense and the non-recurrence of allowance for credit loss reductions of the same magnitude as 2010.  The non-recurrence of lower lease depreciation expense is expected because 180,000 fewer leases are scheduled to terminate in 2011 compared with 2010, including about 80,000 leases that were impaired in 2008, which will result in fewer vehicles sold at a gain.  The vast majority of the units subject to the 2008 impairment that will be returned in 2011 will be returned in the first half of the year.  In addition, based on its expected portfolio performance, Ford Credit anticipates the allowance for credit losses will begin to level off in 2011 in the range of about 0.70% to 0.80% of receivables, down from 1.02% of receivables at year-end 2010 and 1.61% of receivables at year-end 2009, resulting in a smaller amount being released from the allowance for credit losses than in 2010.  Ford Credit estimates the profit impact of these two items will reduce pre-tax profits by about $1.1 billion in 2011 compared with 2010.

At year-end 2011, Ford Credit anticipates its managed receivables to be in the range of $82 billion to $87 billion (up from $80 billion to $85 billion projected previously).  Ford Credit is projecting distributions of about $3 billion during 2011 (up from $2 billion projected previously), including the first quarter distribution of $900 million.  This increase reflects continued improvements in the funding environment, and Ford Credit's longer term plan to return its leverage to the 10-11 to 1 range.  Ford Credit will continue to assess distributions based on available liquidity and managed leverage objectives.

Overall, we remain on track to deliver continued improvement in full-year pre-tax operating profit and Automotive operating-related cash flow compared with 2010.  Based on a number of factors – including the expected lower profit at Ford Credit, increasing commodity costs, seasonal factors that tend to favor the first half of the year, and higher investments and costs related to our longer-term growth and brand plans – we expect that quarterly results in the latter part of the year may not be as strong as first quarter 2011 results.  As the year progresses, we will take advantage of every opportunity to strengthen our business further.
 
 
 
73

 
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Risk Factors

Statements included or incorporated by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Forward-looking statements are based on expectations, forecasts, and assumptions by our management and involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated, including, without limitation:
 
Decline in industry sales volume, particularly in the United States or Europe, due to financial crisis, recession, geo-political events, or other factors;
Decline in market share or failure to achieve growth;
Lower-than-anticipated market acceptance of new or existing products;
An increase in or acceleration of market shift beyond our current planning assumptions from sales of trucks, medium- and large-sized utilities, or other more profitable vehicles, particularly in the United States;
An increase in fuel prices, continued volatility of fuel prices, or reduced availability of fuel;
Continued or increased price competition resulting from industry overcapacity, currency fluctuations, or other factors;
Adverse effects from the bankruptcy, insolvency, or government-funded restructuring of, change in ownership or control of, or alliances entered into by a major competitor;
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates;
Economic distress of suppliers that may require us to provide substantial financial support or take other measures to ensure supplies of components or materials and could increase our costs, affect our liquidity, or cause production constraints or disruptions;
Single-source supply of components or materials;
Labor or other constraints on our ability to maintain competitive cost structure;
Work stoppages at Ford or supplier facilities or other interruptions of production;
Substantial pension and postretirement health care and life insurance liabilities impairing our liquidity or financial condition;
Worse-than-assumed economic and demographic experience for our postretirement benefit plans (e.g., discount rates or investment returns);
Restriction on use of tax attributes from tax law "ownership change;"
The discovery of defects in vehicles resulting in delays in new model launches, recall campaigns, reputational damage, or increased warranty costs;
Increased safety, emissions, fuel economy, or other regulation resulting in higher costs, cash expenditures, and/or sales restrictions;
Unusual or significant litigation, governmental investigations or adverse publicity arising out of alleged defects in our products, perceived environmental impacts, or otherwise;
A change in our requirements for parts or materials where we have long-term supply arrangements committing us to purchase minimum or fixed quantities of certain parts, or to pay a minimum amount to the seller ("take-or-pay" contracts);
Adverse effects on our results from a decrease in or cessation or clawback of government incentives related to investments;
Adverse effects on our operations resulting from certain geo-political or other events;
Inherent limitations of internal controls impacting financial statements and safeguarding of assets;
Substantial levels of Automotive indebtedness adversely affecting our financial condition or preventing us from fulfilling our debt obligations;
Failure of financial institutions to fulfill commitments under committed credit facilities;
A prolonged disruption of the debt and securitization markets;
Inability of Ford Credit to access debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts due to credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors;
Higher-than-expected credit losses;
Increased competition from banks or other financial institutions seeking to increase their share of financing Ford vehicles;
Collection and servicing problems related to finance receivables and net investment in operating leases;
Lower-than-anticipated residual values or higher-than-expected return volumes for leased vehicles;
Imposition of additional costs or restrictions due to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Act") and its implementing rules and regulations;
New or increased credit, consumer, or data protection or other regulations resulting in higher costs and/or additional financing restrictions; and
Inability of Ford Credit to obtain competitive funding.  
 
We cannot be certain that any expectation, forecast, or assumption made in preparing forward-looking statements will prove accurate, or that any projection will be realized.  It is to be expected that there may be differences between projected and actual results.  Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of their initial issuance, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  For additional discussion of these risks, see "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2010 Form 10-K Report.
 
 
 
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Based on events occurring subsequent to December 31, 2010, we are updating certain of the Critical Accounting Estimates disclosed in our 2010 Form 10-K Report.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets

Nature of Estimates Required.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards on a taxing jurisdiction basis.  We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which we expect the temporary differences to be recovered or paid.

U.S. GAAP standards of accounting for income taxes require a reduction of the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by recording a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%) such assets will not be realized.  The valuation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and future profitability.  Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents our best estimate of those future events.  Changes in our current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Assumptions and Approach Used.  In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets.  If, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized, we record a valuation allowance.  The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the evidence may be objectively verified.  As such, it is generally difficult for positive evidence regarding projected future taxable income exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences to outweigh objective negative evidence of recent financial reporting losses.  U.S. GAAP states that a cumulative loss in recent years is a significant piece of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome in determining that a valuation allowance is not needed against deferred tax assets.

This assessment, which is completed on a taxing jurisdiction basis, takes into account a number of types of evidence, including the following:
 
Nature, frequency, and severity of current and cumulative financial reporting losses.  A pattern of objectively-measured recent financial reporting losses is heavily weighted as a source of negative evidence.  We generally consider cumulative pre-tax losses in the three-year period ending with the current quarter to be significant negative evidence regarding future profitability.  We also consider the strength and trend of earnings, as well as other relevant factors.  In certain circumstances, historical information may not be as relevant due to changes in our business operations;
Sources of future taxable income.  Future reversals of existing temporary differences are heavily-weighted sources of objectively verifiable positive evidence.  Projections of future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences are a source of positive evidence only when the projections are combined with a history of recent profits and can be reasonably estimated.  Otherwise, these projections are considered inherently subjective and generally will not be sufficient to overcome negative evidence that includes relevant cumulative losses in recent years, particularly if the projected future taxable income is dependent on an anticipated turnaround to profitability that has not yet been achieved.  In such cases, we generally give these projections of future taxable income no weight for the purposes of our valuation allowance assessment pursuant to U.S. GAAP; and
Tax planning strategies.  If necessary and available, tax planning strategies would be implemented to accelerate taxable amounts to utilize expiring carryforwards.  These strategies would be a source of additional positive evidence and, depending on their nature, could be heavily weighted.
 
See Note 23 of the Notes to the Financial Statements in our 2010 Form 10-K Report for more information regarding deferred tax assets.

Sensitivity Analysis.  In 2006, our net deferred tax position in the United States changed from a net deferred tax liability position to a net deferred tax asset position.  In our assessment of the need for a valuation allowance, we heavily weighted the negative evidence of cumulative financial reporting losses in then-recent periods and the positive evidence of future reversals of existing temporary differences.  Although a sizable portion of our North American losses in then-recent years were the result of charges incurred for restructuring actions, impairments, and other special items, even without these charges we still would have incurred significant operating losses.  Accordingly, we considered our pattern of then-recent losses to be relevant to our analysis.  Considering this pattern of then-recent relevant losses and the uncertainties associated with projected future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences, we gave no weight to projections showing future U.S. taxable income for purposes of assessing the need for a valuation allowance.  As a result
of our assessment, we concluded that the net deferred tax assets of our U.S. entities required a full valuation allowance.  We also recorded a full valuation allowance on the net deferred tax assets of certain foreign entities, such as Germany, Canada, and Spain, as the realization of these foreign deferred tax assets are reliant upon U.S.-source taxable income.
 
 
 
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
At December 31, 2010, our valuation allowance was $15.7 billion, leaving net deferred tax assets of about $900 million on our balance sheet.
 
A sustained period of profitability in our operations is required before we would change our judgment regarding the need for a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.  Accordingly, although we were profitable in 2009, 2010, and the first three months of 2011, we continue to record a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets in the United States and foreign entities discussed above.  Although the weight of negative evidence related to cumulative losses is decreasing as we deliver on our One Ford plan, we believe that this objectively-measured negative evidence outweighs the subjectively-determined positive evidence and, as such, we have not changed our judgment regarding the need for a full valuation allowance in the first quarter of 2011.

Continued improvement in our operating results, however, could lead to reversal of almost all of our valuation allowance as early as the second half of 2011.  Until such time, consumption of tax attributes to offset profits will reduce the overall level of deferred tax assets subject to valuation allowance.

For each reporting period until the valuation allowance is released, we expect to have low effective tax rates as we continue to record tax expense only for those locations in which we do not have a valuation allowance in place.  We will experience more normal effective tax rates, approaching the U.S. statutory tax rate of 35%, in periods after the valuation allowance reverses.

In the quarter in which the valuation allowance is released, we would record an abnormally large tax benefit reflecting the release, which would result in a large negative effective tax rate and very high earnings per share from net income attributable to Ford.  Rather than allow this abnormal effective tax rate to impact our earnings per share from operating profit excluding special items ("operating earnings per share"), we intend to classify the release of the valuation allowance as a special item for the quarter in which it reverses and use a more normalized effective tax rate (approaching the U.S. statutory tax rate of 35%).

We will take a similar approach for calculation of our full-year operating earnings per share.  Once the valuation allowance is released, for purposes of calculating our full-year operating earnings per share we will retrospectively revise our quarterly operating earnings per share for each quarter leading up to the reversal using a comparable tax rate approaching 35%.  This presentation would have no impact on net income calculation.

Unlike our U.S. operations where, considering the pattern of relevant losses and the uncertainties associated with projected future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences, we gave no weight to projections showing future taxable income, our net deferred tax assets relate to certain operations outside North America where we generally have had a long history of profitability and believe it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized through future taxable earnings.  Accordingly, we have not established a valuation allowance on our remaining net deferred tax assets.  Most notably, at December 31, 2010, we recognized a net deferred tax asset of $1.1 billion in our U.K. Automotive operations, primarily based upon the tax return consolidation of our Automotive operations with our U.K. FCE operation.  Our U.K. FCE operation has a long history of profitability, and we believe it will provide a source of future taxable income that can be reasonably estimated.  If in the future FCE U.K. profits decline, additional valuation allowances may be required.  We will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance in the future.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

For information on accounting standards issued but not yet adopted, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.

OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The interim financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 has not been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP ("PricewaterhouseCoopers").  In reviewing such information, PricewaterhouseCoopers has applied limited procedures in accordance with professional standards for reviews of interim financial information.  Readers should restrict reliance on PricewaterhouseCoopers' reports on such information accordingly.  PricewaterhouseCoopers is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 for its reports on interim financial information, because such reports do not constitute "reports" or "parts" of registration statements prepared or certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Securities Act of 1933.
 

 
 
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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Automotive Sector

Commodity Price Risk.  The net fair value of commodity forward and option contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of March 31, 2011 was an asset of $39 million, compared to an asset of $63 million as of December 31, 2010. The potential decrease in fair value of commodity forward and option contracts (excluding adjustments for credit risk), assuming a 10% decrease in the underlying commodity prices, would be $124 million at March 31, 2011, compared with a decrease of $60 million at December 31, 2010. If adjustments for credit risk were to be included, the decrease would be smaller.

Foreign Currency Risk.  The net fair value of foreign exchange forward and option contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of March 31, 2011 was an asset of  $105 million compared to a liability of $35 million as of December 31, 2010.  The potential decrease in fair value of foreign exchange forward and option contracts (excluding adjustments for credit risk), assuming a 10% adverse change in the underlying foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar, would be $599 million at March 31, 2011 compared with a decrease of $334 million as of December 31, 2010. If adjustments for credit risk were to be included, the decrease would be smaller.

Financial Services Sector

Interest Rate Risk.  To provide a quantitative measure of the sensitivity of Ford Credit’s pre-tax cash flow to changes in interest rates, Ford Credit uses interest rate scenarios that assume a hypothetical, instantaneous increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points (or 1%) across all maturities, as well as a base case that assumes that interest rates remain constant at existing levels.  These interest rate scenarios are purely hypothetical and do not represent Ford Credit’s view of future interest rate movements.  The differences in pre-tax cash flow between these scenarios and the base case over a twelve-month period represent an estimate of the sensitivity of Ford Credit's pre-tax cash flow.  Under this model, Ford Credit estimates that at March 31, 2011, all else constant, such an increase in interest rates would decrease pre-tax cash flow by $3 million over the next twelve months, compared with $22 million at December 31, 2010.  The sensitivity analysis presented above assumes a one-percentage point interest rate change to the yield curve that is both instantaneous and parallel.  In reality, interest rate changes are rarely instantaneous or parallel and rates could move more or less than the one percentage point assumed in Ford Credit’s analysis.  As a result, the actual impact to pre-tax cash flow could be higher or lower than the results detailed above.
 
ITEM 4.  Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.  Alan Mulally, our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), and Lewis Booth, our Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), have performed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), as of March 31, 2011, and each has concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the CEO and CFO to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. We had no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2011 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 
 
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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  Legal Proceedings.

Environmental Matters

Automotive Components Holdings ("ACH") Milan Plant.  ACH voluntarily disclosed several violations of the Clean Air Act at its Milan Plant to the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") in 2010.  The violations were related to improper repair of refrigeration equipment containing regulated refrigerants.  In February 2011, EPA issued to ACH a Notice of Violation and Finding of Violation seeking a penalty of $209,748 and the retrofitting of some of the equipment at issue.  We expect ACH will resolve the matter through an administrative settlement with EPA.
 

ITEM 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the first quarter of 2011, we purchased shares of Ford Common Stock as follows:

 
 
 
 
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased*
   
Average
Price Paid
per Share
   
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly-
Announced Plans
or Programs
   
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar Value)
of Shares that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
 
January 1, 2011 through January 31, 2011
    48,692     $ 17.89             **  
February 1, 2011 through February 28, 2011
                      **  
March 1, 2011 through March 31, 2011
    4,358       14.83             **  
Total/Average
    53,050       17.64             **  


*
We presently have no publicly-announced repurchase program in place.  Shares were acquired from our employees or directors in accordance with our various compensation plans as a result of share withholdings to pay:  (i) income tax related to the lapse of restrictions on restricted stock or the issuance of unrestricted stock; and (ii) the exercise price and related income taxes with respect to certain exercises of stock options.
**
No publicly-announced repurchase program in place.
 
ITEM 5.  Other Information.

Governmental Standards

Mobile Source Emissions Control

U.S. Requirements – Federal and California Emissions Standards.  Navistar, Inc. ("Navistar") has filed new lawsuits against the California Air Resources Board ("CARB") and EPA alleging a failure of those agencies to properly test and certify heavy-duty vehicles and engines equipped with selective catalytic reduction ("SCR") emission control systems.  SCR systems, which are installed on Ford's Super-Duty trucks, are used by most heavy-duty manufacturers to comply with stringent nitrogen oxide emissions standards.  The only major heavy-duty manufacturer not currently using SCR technology is Navistar.  Navistar's suits seek to have its competitors' 2010 and 2011 model year vehicles and engines retested and/or recalled by CARB and EPA.  If successful, the Navistar suits could lead to costly redesigns of SCR systems, or restrictions on the sale of SCR-equipped vehicles.  The Engine Manufacturers Association, of which Ford is a member, is likely to intervene in the suits to defend the certifications of SCR-equipped trucks.


 
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ITEM 6.  Exhibits.

Please see exhibit index below.


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 

 
                 FORD MOTOR COMPANY             
       
             (Registrant)
       
       
       
Date:
May 10, 2011
By:
  /s/ Bob Shanks                                   
     
  Bob Shanks
     
  Vice President and Controller
     
  (Chief Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Designation
 
Description
 
Method of Filing
         
Exhibit 12
 
Ford Motor Company and Subsidiaries Calculation of Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges
 
Filed with this Report.
         
Exhibit 15
 
Letter of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP dated May 10, 2011 relating to financial information
 
Filed with this Report.
         
Exhibit 31.1
 
Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CEO
 
Filed with this Report.
         
Exhibit 31.2
 
Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CFO
 
Filed with this Report.
         
Exhibit 32.1
 
Section 1350 Certification of CEO
 
Furnished with this Report.
         
Exhibit 32.2
 
Section 1350 Certification of CFO
 
Furnished with this Report.
         
Exhibit 101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
Furnished with this Report.*
         
Exhibit 101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
Furnished with this Report.*
         
Exhibit 101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report.*
         
Exhibit 101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report.*
         
Exhibit 101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report.*
         
Exhibit 101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report.*
    ________
 
    *     Submitted electronically with this Report.
 
 
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